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《经济博弈论》课后答案、补充习题答案

《经济博弈论》课后答案、补充习题答案
《经济博弈论》课后答案、补充习题答案

第一章

商务现场口译问题详解1—18单元

商务现场口译答案1—18单元( 全) Unit1 Phrase Interpreting A 1. to recover from the jet lag 2. thoughtful arrangement 3. hospitality 4. souvenir 5. accommodations 6. to claim baggage 7. to proceed through the Customs 8. itinerary 9. farewell speech 10. to adjust to the time difference 1.倒时差2.周到的安排3.热情好客4.纪念品5.食宿 6.提取行7.进行海关检查8.活动安排9.告别词10.适应时差 B 1.为……设宴洗尘2.向……告别3.不远万里来到…4.很荣幸…… 5.久仰大名6.欢迎词7.赞美8.回顾过去9.展望未来 10.美好回忆 1. to hold a banquet in honor of... 2. to bid farewell to... 3. to come all the way to... 4. to be/feel honored... 5. I have long been looking forward to meeting you. 6. a welcoming address 7. to pay tribute to 8. to look back 9. to look ahead 10. happy memory Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Thank you very much for your gracious welcoming speech. China is one of the earliest cradles of civilization and the visit to this ancient nation has long been my dream. This visit will give me an excellent opportunity to meet old friends and establish new contacts. I wish to say again that I am so delighted and privileged to visit your great country and this lovely town. I am deeply grateful for everything you have done for me since my arrival in China. As an American manager of a Sino-American joint venture for two years, I have to say that there are differences in business management practice between Chinese and Americans. We are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese colleagues due to our different cultural traditions. I can't say our way of doing business is absolutely superior. After all, there are strong points and weak points in both types of management. In recent years, more and more American business executives have recognized the strong points of the more humane way of Chinese management. It is a great pleasure that I can exchange views and information with you, and reach common ground here. And I wish to share with you my thoughts on this topic in the days to come. Thank you!

有机化学课后习题参考答案完整版

目录lin 湛

第一章绪论 扼要归纳典型的以离子键形成的化合物与以共价键形成的化合物的物理性质。 答案: NaCl与KBr各1mol溶于水中所得的溶液与NaBr及KCl各1mol溶于水中所得溶液是否相同?如将CH4及CCl4各1mol混在一起,与CHCl3及CH3Cl各1mol的混合物是否相同?为什么? 答案: NaCl与KBr各1mol与NaBr及KCl各1mol溶于水中所得溶液相同。因为两者溶液中均为Na+,K+,Br-, Cl-离子各1mol。由于CH4与CCl4及CHCl3与CH3Cl在水中是以分子状态存在,所以是两组不同的混合物。碳原子核外及氢原子核外各有几个电子?它们是怎样分布的?画出它们的轨道形状。当四个氢原子与一个碳原子结合成甲烷(CH4)时,碳原子核外有几个电子是用来与氢成键的?画出它们的轨道形状及甲烷分子的形状。 答案: 写出下列化合物的Lewis电子式。 答案: 下列各化合物哪个有偶极矩?画出其方向。 答案: 根据S与O的电负性差别,H2O与H2S相比,哪个有较强的偶极-偶极作用力或氢键? 答案: 电负性O>S,H2O与H2S相比,H2O有较强的偶极作用及氢键。 下列分子中那些可以形成氢键? b. CH3CH3 c. SiH4 d. CH3NH2 e. CH3CH2OH f. CH3OCH3 答案: d. CH3NH2 e. CH3CH2OH 醋酸分子式为CH3COOH,它是否能溶于水?为什么? 答案:能溶于水,因为含有C=O和OH两种极性基团,根据相似相容原理,可以溶于极性水。 第二章饱和烃 卷心菜叶表面的蜡质中含有29个碳的直链烷烃,写出其分子式。 答案:C29H60 用系统命名法(如果可能的话,同时用普通命名法)命名下列化合物,并指出(c)和(d)中各碳原子的级数。答案: a. 2,4,4-三甲基-5-正丁基壬烷5-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylnonane b. 正己烷 hexane ,3-二乙基戊烷 3,3-diethylpentane -甲基-5-异丙基辛烷5-isopropyl-3-methyloctane e.2-甲基丙烷(异丁烷)2-methylpropane(iso-butane) ,2-二甲基丙烷(新戊烷) 2,2-dimethylpropane(neopentane)

大学有机化学总结习题及答案

有机化学总结 一.有机化合物的命名 1. 能够用系统命名法命名各种类型化合物: 包括烷烃,烯烃,炔烃,烯炔,脂环烃(单环脂环烃和多环置换脂环烃中的螺环烃和桥环烃),芳烃,醇,酚,醚,醛,酮,羧酸,羧酸衍生物(酰卤,酸酐,酯,酰胺),多官能团化合物(官能团优先顺序:-COOH >-SO3H >-COOR >-COX >-CN >-CHO >>C =O >-OH(醇)>-OH(酚)>-SH >-NH2>-OR >C =C >-C ≡C ->(-R >-X >-NO2),并能够判断出Z/E 构型和R/S 构型。 2. 根据化合物的系统命名,写出相应的结构式或立体结构式(伞形式,锯架式,纽曼投影式,Fischer 投影式)。 立体结构的表示方法: 1 )伞形式:COOH OH 3 2)锯架式:CH 3 OH H H OH C 2H 5 3) 纽曼投影式: 4)菲舍尔投影式:COOH 3 OH H 5)构象(conformation) (1) 乙烷构象:最稳定构象是交叉式,最不稳定构象是重叠 式。 (2) 正丁烷构象:最稳定构象是对位交叉式,最不稳定构象 是全重叠式。

(3)环己烷构象:最稳定构象是椅式构象。一取代环己烷最 稳定构象是e取代的椅式构象。多取代环己烷最稳定构象是e 取代最多或大基团处于e键上的椅式构象。 立体结构的标记方法 1.Z/E标记法:在表示烯烃的构型时,如果在次序规则中两个 优先的基团在同一侧,为Z构型,在相反侧,为E构型。 CH3 C C H C2H5CH3 C C H 2 H5 Cl (Z)-3-氯-2-戊烯(E)-3-氯-2-戊烯 2、顺/反标记法:在标记烯烃和脂环烃的构型时,如果两个相同的基团在同一侧,则为顺式;在相反侧,则为反式。 CH3 C C H CH3 H CH3 C C H H CH3 顺-2-丁烯反-2-丁烯 33 3 顺-1,4-二甲基环己烷反-1,4-二甲基环己烷 3、R/S标记法:在标记手性分子时,先把及手性碳相连的四个 基团按次序规则排序。然后将最不优先的基团放在远离观察者,再以次观察其它三个基团,如果优先顺序是顺时针,则为R构型,如果是逆时针,则为S构型。 a R型S型 注:将伞状透视式及菲舍尔投影式互换的方法是:先按要求书写其透视式或投影式,然后分别标出其R/S构型,如果两者构型相同,则为

商务现场口译答案 (全部)

Unit 7 I. Listen to a short passage "Shopping for Clothes" carefully and note down what you hear. Try to use some symbols and abbreviations when you are taking notes. Then interpret your notes in the target language. Shopping for Clothes Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction. For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on needs. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only "having a look round". She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands. II. Phrase Interpreting A 1. screen 2. diagram 3. vertical axis 4. column 5. in summary 6. consequently 7. furthermore 8. to run out of time 9. in a word 10. in addition 1.屏幕 2.图表 3.纵轴 4.圆柱 5.总之 6.因此 7.此外 8.没时间 9.总而言之 10.另外 B. 1.商品特性 2.顺序 3.订单 4.垄断 5.质量监控 6.利润 7.制造业 8.服务业 9.运作 10.顾客满意度 1. commodity features 2. sequence 3. order 4. monopoly 5. quality control 6. profit

论经济博弈论

论经济博弈论 “博弈即一些个人、对组或其他组织,面对一定的环境条件,在一定的规则下,同时或先后,一次或多次,从各自允许选择的行为或策略中进行选择并加以实施,各自取得相应结果的过程。”博弈由英文“game”翻译过来,过去每每听到博弈一词.都觉得这是一个高深莫测、充满神秘色彩的领域,如今通过了系统的学习,才终于可以对“博弈”有一些粗浅的理解。博弈论的英文名称为Gm,ne Theory,也翻译为对策论、游戏论。作为一门现代学科体系,博弈论早在半个世纪以前就已经出现,但长期以来并没有受到足够重视,除了少数博弈论专家以外,很少有人知道它。可是,近年来却受到高度的重视和青睐。1994 年三位致力于博弈论基础理论研究的经济学家共同获得了诺贝尔经济学奖,使得博弈论作为重要的经济学分支学科的地位和作用得到了最具权威性的肯定。此后1996年,诺贝尔经济学奖又由博弈论和信息经济学家莫里斯和维克瑞获得,这进一步肯定了博弈论在经济学中的重要地位,同时也从一个侧面体现出博弈理论已经渡过了成长期,步人了成熟期。 一、博弈论的发展进程 博弈论思想虽然有着悠久的历史,但是作为一门系统的学科来说还相当的年轻。近代以来,在学术研究的过程中许多学者逐渐认识到了博弈论的重要作用,对博弈理论进行了探索研究。一般认为,对于博弈理论的最早研究可以追溯到18世纪初。瓦德格拉夫(W aldegrave)在1713年提出了两人博弈的极小化极大混合策略解。古诺(Coumot)和波特兰德(Bertrand)分别在1838年和1883年提出了博弈论最经典的模型,两位学者分别从产茸决策和价格决策分析垄断的双寡头竞争模型,确定了在竞争之下各自的最优反应函数。但是作为一种理论来说,1944年,冯·诺依曼(VonNeumann)和奥·摩根斯坦(Morgenstem)合著了《博弈论与经济行为》在总结了以往关于博弈的研究成果的基础上,提出了博弈论的概念术语、一般框架和表述方法,提较系统的博弈理论,因此这被认为是博弈理论初步形成的标志。50年代初,纳什(J.Nash)的两篇非合作博弈论奠基性论文发表之后。博弈论飞速发展。作为博弈论的一部分,非合作博弈比合作博弈的发展更加迅速,在经济学等其他学科中的应用也更为广泛。提起博弈论,现在差不多总是指非合作博弈论。50年代以来,纳什(Nash)、泽尔腾(Sehen)、海萨尼(Harsanyi)等人是

有机化学课后答案

(十三) 将下列的自由基按稳定性大小排列成序。 ⑴ 3 ⑵ CH 3CHCH 223 ⑶ CH 3CCH 2CH 33 ⑷ CH 3CHCHCH 33 解:自由基的稳定性顺序为:⑶>⑷>⑵>⑴ (一) 完成下列反应式: (3) (CH 3)2C=CH 2 + Br 2 (CH 3)2C CH 2Br Br (CH 3)2C CH 2Cl Br (CH 3)2C CH 2OH Br + + (4) CH 3CH 2C CH CH 3CH 2CH 2 CHO CH 3CH 2C CH OH H 3222- (5) CH 3+ Cl 2 + H 2O CH 3 OH Cl CH 3 Cl OH + (6) 33 CH 3CH 3 (1) 1/2(BH )22 (7) CH 3 CH 2 Cl 500 C o (A) (B) CH 3 CH 2 Cl HBr ROOR CH 3 CH 2Br Cl (9) CH 3CH 2C CH + H 2O 4 H 2SO 4 CH 3CH 2 CH 3 O (10) COOH + CH 3COOH 4 CH=CHCH 3 (12) Br + Br 2o (13) Br + NaC CH (14) C=C C 6H 5 C 6H 5 H H 33 C O H 6H 5 H C 6

(六) 在下列各组化合物中,哪一个比较稳定?为什么? (1) (A) H H CH(CH 3)2 CH 3 , (B) C=C H CH(CH 3)2 H CH 3 (2) (A) CH 3 , (B) CH 3 (3) (A) , (B) , (C) (4) (A) , (B) (5) (A) , (B) , (C) 。 (6) (A) CH 3 , (B) CH 2 (七) 将下列各组活性中间体按到稳定性由大小排列成序: (1) CH 3CHCH 3 Cl 3CCHCH 3 (CH 3)3C (A)(B)(C) (2) (CH 3)2CHCH 22(CH 3)22CH 3(CH 3)23(A)(B)(C) 解:(1)C >A >B (2)B >C >A (八) 下列第一个碳正离子均倾向于重排成更稳定的碳正离子,试写出其重排后碳正离子的结构。 (1) CH 3CH 2CH 2 (2) (CH 3)2CHCHCH 3 (3) (CH 3)3CCHCH 3 (4) CH 3 (1) CH 3CHCH 3 (2) (CH 3)2CCH 2CH 3 (3) (CH 3)2CCH(CH 3)2 (4) CH 3 (4) (CH 3)2C=CHCH 2CHCH=CH 2 CH 3 + CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 解: (CH 3)222CHCH=CH 23 + (CH 3)2C=CHCH 2CHCH=CH 2 CH 3

有机化学课后习题答案(徐寿昌版)

烷烃 1.用系统命名法命名下列化合物: 1.(CH 3)2CHC(CH 3)2 CHCH 3 CH 32. CH 3CH 2CH CHCH 2CH 2CH 3 CH 3CH(CH 3)2 2,3,3,4-四甲基戊烷 2,4-二甲基-3-乙基己烷 3. CH 3CH 2C(CH 3)2CH 2CH 3 4.CH 3CH 3CH 2CHCH 2CH 2CCH 2CH 3 CHCH 3CH 3 CH 2CH 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3,3-二甲基戊烷 2,6-二甲基-3,6-二乙基辛烷 5.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 . 2,5-二甲基庚烷 2-甲基-3-乙基己烷 7 . 8. 1 2 3 4 5 67 2,4,4-三甲基戊烷 2-甲基-3-乙基庚烷 2.写出下列各化合物的结构式: 1.2,2,3,3-四甲基戊烷 2,2,3-二甲基庚烷 CH 3 C C CH 2CH 3 CH 3 CH 3CH 3 CH 3CH 3 CH 3CHCHCH 2CH 2CH 2CH 3 CH 3 3、 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷 4、2,4-二甲基-4-乙基庚烷 CH 3 C CHCH 3CH 3CH 3 CH 3 CH 3CHCH 2CCH 2CH 2CH 3 3 CH 3CH 3 5、 2-甲基-3-乙基己烷 6、三乙基甲烷 CH 3 CH 3CHCHCH 2CH 2CH 3 2CH 3 CH 3CH 2CHCH 2CH 3 2CH 3 7、甲基乙基异丙基甲烷 8、乙基异丁基叔丁基甲烷

CH 3CHCH(CH 3)2 2CH 3 CH 3CH 2CH C(CH 3)3 CH 2CHCH 3 CH 3 3.用不同符号表示下列化合物中伯、仲、叔、季碳原子 3 CH 2 C CH 3 2CH 3C CH 3CH 3 1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 2CH 3 4 02. 4 03 1 1 323)33 4. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 5.不要查表试将下列烃类化合物按沸点降低的次序排列: (1) 2,3-二甲基戊烷 (2) 正庚烷 (3) 2-甲基庚烷 (4) 正戊烷 (5) 2-甲基己烷 解:2-甲基庚烷>正庚烷> 2-甲基己烷>2,3-二甲基戊烷> 正戊烷 (注:随着烷烃相对分子量的增加,分子间的作用力亦增加,其沸点也相应增加;同数碳原子的构造异构体中,分子的支链愈多,则沸点愈低。)

商务现场口译答案unit 9

Unit 9 II. /P155 A 1服务理念2质量方针3企业精神4经营宗旨5战略主题 6以市场为主导的服务7文化冲突8文化事业9民间文化 10 都市文化 B 1 value 2 innovation for comprtitiveness 3 core concept 4 pursue excellence 5 challenge ourselve 6 enterprise’s identification 7 social relationship 8 teamwork spirit 9 reasonable price 10 speedy service III A 1拥有企业文化的企业,员工具有想象力和创造力,从不畏惧冒险。 2 ABC公司通过世界各地的机构长期引导慈善事业,这是公司的传统。 3 ABC公司的员工认真对待自己对于生活和工作所在的社区应承担的义务。 4 企业文化是由勇于创新的员工组成的,他们敢于挑战现有的工作方式,并提出有利于全社会的新观点和新解决方案。 5 我们与公司的总体方向和目标保持一致。

B 1 enterprise culture helped the transformation of our company from one based on manufacturing to a post-industrial company based on service. 2 to stimulate our employmees,serve our customers and creat a bright future,we build a distinctive culture of ABC and promote four core values base on it. 3 we understand the real potential of these core value,as it help us bring happiness and quality to the life of our clients. 4 we are on the cutting-edge od our field,as we initiate innovative proposals and seek innovating solution in our work. 5 our enterprise value: create more value to the enterprise and the society continuously. TEXT A /P157 Ever since its establishment in 1984, rainbow has develop from a single store into the leading chain enterprise in shenzhen’s retailing industry. Now rainbow is in the top 100 of retailing giants in China. In its 20 years of development ,rainbow has won the trust from the government,business partners,suppliers and customers,by maintaining its corporate philiosophy of “Authenticity,in tegrity,Enthusiasm and C rediblity ’’. It has attained the support from the society and achieved excellcent eonomic effects and social effects.

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