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承蒙伊斯威尔的布朗公司告知你公司地址

承蒙伊斯威尔的布朗公司告知你公司地址
承蒙伊斯威尔的布朗公司告知你公司地址

Chapter 3 Enquiry, Offer and Counter-offer

Exam 1

Ⅰ. Use the following words and phrases in the sentences of your own:

in advance trade regulation

up to sample be in receipt

direct one’s attention to at a discount

appeal to out of season

state-operated forwarding agent

in large quantities sole agent

under separate cover articles in great demand

first-rate quality ceiling price

fair average quality exceptional price

in due time take delivery

customs entry make delivery

tariff rate for your information

ruling price packing list

by request on request

on sale Documents against Acceptance

Ⅱ.Tick off the one which fits into the following passages most appropriately:

1.The Sales Contract provided that the sellers ______ship the goods before July 15.

a)must b)can c)will d)should

2.Mr.Brown will get ______touch with you.

a)into b)in c)upon d)on

3.We shall do our best to _____your requirements.

a)satisfy b)meet c)supply d)answer

4._____please find a price list of our new products.

a)Enclosing b)Enclose c)Enclosed d)Encloses

5.We have read your letter of the 8th inst. under the _____of Order No.25.

a)captioned b)captioning c)caption d)captions

6.We anticipate_____your early reply.

a)to receive b)having receive c)receiving d)receive

7.W e expect ______an offer next week.

a)to make b)making c)make d)have made

8.We confirm_____your cable of even date.

a)received b)to receive c)having received d)receive

9.As requested,we are pleased to quote you without engagement the _______.

a)follows b)follow c)following

10.We would suggest _______a small quantity for trial.

a)you to buy b)you buy c)your buying d)your buy

11.Mr.Brown inform us_____you are exporters of cottonbed sheets.

a)of b)what c)that

12.Y our letter has______our careful attention.

a)drawn b)brought c)received d)invited

13.We would______you to buy a small quantity for trial.

a)suggest b)to suggest c)suggest to d)have suggested

14.The buyers _______the sellers to ship the goods within a week.

a)demand b)demand to c)demand of d)have demanded

15.July shipment is acceptable______our customer.

a) \ b)to c)for d)in

Ⅲ.Receive the parts underlined with infinitival or gerundial phrases:

1.They claimed that they had bought the same article elsewhere at a lower price.

2.We should like to confirm that we have sold to you 500 dozen sets of table-cloth.

3.We are glad that we may be of help to you in the future.

4.We sre pleased that we have helped you this time.

5.We confirm that we shipped the parcel on October 15.

6.May we suggest that we ship the goods by train?

7.We regret that we have not yet received your L\C.

ⅣCorrect the inappropriate words and expression:

1.Dear Sirs,

We have to acknowledge receipt of your letter of 11th ,together quotation and terms and also your latest illustrating catalogue,which we thank you.

We are now in the pleasure of sending you a order with various item as perorder sheet enclosing.

We trust that this will pay your usual careful attention.

Y ours faithfully,

2.

1)This will help cement our business relation.

2)To establish business relations with you is what we have longed for years.

3)We avail this opportunity to write to you and see if we can establish business relations by a start od some pratical transactions.

4)We are too pleased to deal in your products.

5)We are so sorry that we could not answer your letter in due time.

6)Please place order from us if you find our price competitive.

7)We shall get touch with you as soon as we have fresh supplies.

8)We sre in bad need of Grade A.

9)With the view to secure orders,please send us a quotation sheet for this article.

10)We very regret our inability to make you an offer at present.

Ⅴ.T ranslate the following into English.

1.承蒙伊斯威尔的布朗公司告知你公司地址,现我们想了解;

2.从ABC公司处得知你公司现能供应水果和干果。

3.你们在本月《中国对外贸易》上所刊登的广告,我们很感兴趣,现请告该商品的详细情

况。

4.我们有意获得你方刺绣亚麻品的商品目录及价目单。

5.这笔交易不是根据样品成交的。

6.正如你们所知,我们是经验此类商品已有多年的国营公司。

7.易碎物品需小心装卸。

8.如果你们第一笔运来的货令人满意,随后将有大批续订。

9.你们的价格与当前这里的市场价一致。

10.买主要求卖方在一周内装运1万元吨的磷酸岩。

11.我们已收到日本一客户的询价,他需要13吨的标题糖。

12.一旦收到你方具体询盘,我们将立即给你们报最优惠的拉格斯到岸价。

13.关于支付条件,我们需要不可撤销的凭即期汇票支付的信用证。

14.我们过去通常由美国进口自行车,但现在转向其他国家购买。

15.随函附上根据你方第15号询价单所开的报价单,期待你方确认。

Ⅵ.T ranslate the following letter into English:

我们得知你公司地址,要感谢英国驻北京大使馆商赞处。该处已告知我们,你公司要购买化工产品。为此今特与你公司联系,希望与你公司建立互利的贸易关系。

我公司是国营公司,独家经营化工产品进出口业务。现随函附寄我公司目前可以供应的主要出口商品表一份。如你公司需要该表所列项目以外的任何商品,我公司一经接到你方详细货单,将尽力为你方提供所需商品。

兹并奉告,我们在同欧洲国家的客户进行贸易时,一贯坚持平等互利,互通有无的原则,以便通过双方共同努力,促进业务和友谊,共同受益。

盼早日接到你公司的询盘。

Ⅶ.Draw a letter of a general enquiry asking for all the information you need.

Exam 2

Ⅰ.T ranslate the following phrases and then make sentences:

call one’s attention to on or before

in reply to comply with

firm offer effect shipment

non-firm offer meet with

extend offer approval of sample

result in in compliance with

avail oneself of… upon receipt of

take pleasure in brisk demand

in one’s favour be subject to

out of stock draw on

be in receipt of in due course

as follows trial order

with regard to draw up

Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions:

1.We will now very much appreciate receiving _______the earliest possible moment you offer

_______walnutmeat _______the new season.

2.We shall be glad to receive an offer ______you ______bicycles.

3.We offer firm CIF ,Lagos shipment _______30 days,subject _______your reply here

________10a.m.,our time.

4.We offer firm the following ________the same terms and conditions as the previous

contract,subject _____ your reply here_______one week______today.

5.Owning_______unusual shortage______stock,this offer is made subject to the goods

_______unsold.

6.Black tea,first grade,is out_______stock now.

7.We have_______present only 50m\ts Bitter Apricot Kernels______stock.

8.We can supply walnuts______stock.

9.We will make contact_______the endusers here and see if they are interested______the goods

you offere

10.Y ou may avail yourselves_______the opportunity ______this market if you cable your

acceptance.

11.If your commodity meets the requirements______market,we feel sure placing a trial order

with you.

12.______reply______your letter______match 20.We are making you,without engagement,the

following offer:

13.______separate cover,we have already sent you samples______various sizes of shoes.

14.The buyer made s bid _______RMB ¥2500 per ton walnutmeat.

15.We are in receipt of your L/C No.7788 which we thank you.

Ⅲ.Read the following sentences and make corrections of the inappropriate words and phrases:

1.We have in acknowledgement your letter dated…

2.In reply ,we have the pleasure informing you that a L/C has been opened in your favour at

£ 1500.

3.In international market crude oil is customarily priced at U.S.dollar.

4.Pelase do not hesitate to come to us whenever you are for need of our assistance.

5.We are anxious about receiving your positive reply.

6.We are in receipt of your letter dated March 10,in which we are pleased to note that you are

considering you request.

7.We have confirm to send you a offer of even date reading as follow:

8.How long does the offer remain opened?

9.This is no possibility of our o ffer’s remaining valid for another three days.

10.Owing to the slackness of trade ,wehve to decline to accepting your offer.

Ⅳ.Complete the following sentences:

1.We have offered the goods at £1000 per metric ton.这是目前最好的价格。

2. We have quoted you our lowest price按此价我们已与其他客户做了许多交易。

3.Please reply as soon as possible说明最早装船期和付款条件。

4.If you are interested,please cable us说明所需数量。

5.We cable you yesterday报你5000公斤核桃仁,3月船期。

6.Please reply as soon as possible告知我们必要的详细情况。

7.We cabled you today向你订购2000公吨当年产的黄豆。

8.We make you this offer 以5天内复到为有效。

9.Owing to the slump in commodity prices,我们可向你开报下列货物。

10.Y ou will note that these quotation are open for a week only ,由于市场价格波动频繁。

11.存活日渐减少,so we suggest that you place your order without delay.

12.此系特惠报盘and cannot be repeat.

13.由于供货充裕,we are able to offer you firm for immediate delivery…

14.为复5月20日询价,we have the pleasure of quoting you 100 dozen nylon socking at $18 a dozen CIF Singapore.

15.为盼扩大交易额,顾报特低价。We shall be unable to repeat these when our present stock is exhausted.

Ⅴ.T ranslate the following into English:

1.本报盘5日内有效。

2.以上报盘月底前有效。

3.本报盘以收到你方订单时,货未售出有效。

4.此报价对我方无约束力。

5.我方报价如有变更不另通知。

6.如果你方认为这一报盘可以接受,请即来电,以便我方确认。

7.按照你们的要求,我们报50公吨大豆的实盘如下,以自本日起一周之内你方复到为准。

8.兹报实盘,以我方时间10月5日星期四上午10时以前答复为有效。

9.我们确认卖给你50公吨苦杏仁。

10.你方所买的一批样货,按照商定办法,我们将开出即期汇票向你索款。

11.我们可以从现货中供应你3000打―天坛‖牌男衬衫。

12.我们相信我们所报的价格会得到你方认可。

13.我们愿提请你们注意此事。

14.此系特惠报盘,我方通常折扣不适用此盘。

15.为了开展双方间具体的业务,我们很高兴向你方报特盘,以我方最后确认为有效。

Ⅵ.Write a letter to the buyers,stating that you have plenty of the goods they need and you can offer them.

Ⅶ.T ranslate the following letter ingto English:

敬启者:

感谢贵公司8月1日寄来的询价单,该函及所附的样品均已收悉。

对该样品检验的结果,我们敢向贵公司保证,敝公司能够制造与该样品相同型号与品质的产品。

基于贵公司每年100 000 双的需求量,我报盘如下:

价格:CIF大连每双25美元

包装:塑料袋,外包装纸板箱

支付:即期的,不可撤销的,保兑的信用证

交货:收到订单后的90天内,即11月、12月船期。

我们可向贵公司保证,此种价格是基于上述数量的最低价。其他技术性事项可参阅我公司的商品手册。

如有其他问题,请多多指点。

你真诚的……

(……敬上)附件:商品手册一本

Exam 3

Ⅰ.T ranslate the following phrases and then make sentences:

worth while at one’s earliest convenience

make a concession to sb usual terms

cope with parcel post

previous to Japanese make

minimum quantity at one’s level

be prepared to come to terms

in view of on the high side

see one’s way clear to on account of

account for for one’s account

with the exception of

Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions:

1.As the market is _______your price is _______on the _______side.

2.We _______from your letter of March 20,that you are ______the ______for black tea.

3.We cannot ______ ______ ______clear to reduce the price to the level you ______.

4.We hope to_______business at something ______our level.

5.Y ou _______ _______assured that the goods under Contract No.4546 will be shipped_______

_______.

6.Since your price is______ _______ ______ with the prevailing market, it is not ______for the

market at our _______.

7.While we appreciate your intention, we regret that we ______entertain any fresh orders.

8.As soon as we are _______ a ______ to make an _______for walnuts, we shall _______you

telegraphically.

9.We are enclosing a _______ of our new products for your ______.

10.We take ______ in informing you that we are ______ a ______ to accept new orders.

11.We have cut our price to the limit .We regret , therefore , being unable to comply ______ your

request for further reduction.

12.As business has been done extensively ______your market ______this price , we regret that

we can not accept your counter-offer.It is our hope that you would reconsider the matter and let us know ______return .

13.We will,however ______to this matter and contact you by cable, once the supply position

improves.

14.On _______ ______ a limit supply available at present ,we would ask you to act quickly.

15.In the meantime,please ______us informed ______developments ______your end.

16.We learn from your letter of 10th October that our price for the subject article is found to be

______ the ______ ______.

17.Many thanks for your offer of January 6th.We regret that we cannot make ______ ______ it

at present.

18.We______ to the procoples of equality,mutual benefit and exchange of the needed goods.

19.We have sampled stock of Article 356 which is similar ______No.832 in quality and price you

offered.

20.Can you lower the price _______a small margin?

Ⅲ.Choose the appropriate word or words in the parentheses and then translate the sentences into Chinese:

1.We (offer,quote)you for 500sets Sewing (Machine, Machines) (at ,on) £50 (on, at, of) CIF

Lagos basis(for ,in) June\July shipment.

2.There is (not, no)possibility (of doing , to do)business at this price.

3.We confirm (having sent ,sending , to send) you a cable thia morning , as per (confirmation

copy,duplicate copy ,carbon copy) enclosed.

4.Should you (prepared , be prepared) to (reduce , cut , cut down)the price by (5%,say 5%), we

(will , would , shall) place our trial order (on , upon , with) you.

5.We write you today (with , in )the hope of entering into (business , business relations ,

business relation)with you .

6.We shall (try,do) our best to (meet,satisfy) your (requirement,requirements).

7.We need all the (necessary,needful) (informations,information) regarding your pruducts

(exporting,exported,exportable) now.

8.We (often,always) (adhere,adhere to) the (principle,basis) of equality and mutual benefit

(with,in,on) our trade (with,in,of) foreige countries.

9.This offer is (open,firm) ,subject to (our,your) reply (reach,reaching,arriving) (us,here) before

or (at,on,in) noon time June(20,20th).

10.We are sure that we (shall,will) (be able,can,be in a position),(by,throuth) jiont (effort,efforts) ,

to prompt both friendship (as well as,and) business.

11.We brought the goods (at,for) account of Messrs.Peterson&Co..

12.We cannot accept fresh orders (for,on) account of heavy sales.

13.Prices is not the only factor;you have to take the quality (into,in) account.

14.Y ou may avail yourselves (about,of) the advantage of this strengthening market if you will

cable us your acceptance of our offer immediately.

15.We regret we have not been able to persuade them (accepting,to accept) a substitution.

Ⅳ.Correct the inappropriate words and phrases:

1.Only by reducing the price by 5% we can come to business.

2.Business will still be difficult uness your price will prove (to be)attractive in the future.

3.It is always a pleasure to help you where we can.But to make a 10% reducing is out of

question.

4.The gap in price is too wide that it can’t be bridge over.

5.Our client said,if you could stretch a point,he would place an additional 50m/tons.

6.Our price is more attractive as compared to that offered by suppliers elsewhere.

7.Y our price is not so competitive like other sellers.

8.The competitors are trying to occupy the market by selling their goods at a less price.

9.In your letter of Jan.25,you didn’t mention raising the price.

10.The product that you bought at the lower price is the more inferior to the one that we sell at a

slightly higher price.

Ⅴ.Complete the following in English:

1.We cannot see our way

a.接受你方9月10日的还价。

b.接受你方3月份装船的建议。

c.在尚未获得货源以前,接受大量订货。

2.Please keep us posted of

a.你处市场的货物供求情况。

b.你们每月销售皮鞋的数量。

c.你们市场行情的变化。

d.你们每季度需要进口的数量。

3.We assure you

a.你们的订货讲按照合同规定如期装运。

b.我方所供货物价格公道,品质优良。

c.我们要尽全力既促进贸易又增进友谊。

4.Please rest assured

a.我们会把一切有必要的事办好。

b.我们就要准备这些货物。

c.我们就要准备装运上述货物。

5.Y our price is found to be

a.偏高

b.脱离我处的市场行情。

c.比日本货要高出30%。

Ⅵ.T ranslate the following into English:

1.只要你公司坚持所提出的价格,那我们将不能给你一个适当的报价。

2.我们以较低的价格提供较佳的产品。

3.我们不能配合你公司的要求使用特别的包装。无论如何你公司要我们特别注意的是:我

公司要注意防止产品包装的损坏。

4.如果你公司能将9月3日的报价单价格降低3%,则我公司将乐意接受你们的报价。

5.你公司报价货物之包装不符标准,你公司能否只用可防止破损的包装?

6.由于我公司仓储能力的限制,货物分三次分运。不知在这种条件下你公司的报价是否

有效。

7.你公司21日寄来的价目表很完整,但所列的付款条件不符合我们的贸易习惯。

8.我公司对于你公司30日寄来的报价单中的保险事项不甚满意,你公司能否对其重新考

虑。

9.我们觉得,对于你公司的易腐货物,只适合于用冷藏卡车运输,请立刻让我公司知道此

法是否可行。

10.由于考虑到我公司报你之价格为最低价格,故无法满足你公司的特殊要求。

11.很遗憾,我们无法履行你公司对我们30日所寄报价单中有关包装事项的特殊要求。

12.由于考虑到阁下将开出大量订货的订单,对于我们最近的报价单,将允许一定的折扣。

13.我公司的装运部门准备依从贵公司对运输路线的特殊要求,特此通知。

14.非常抱歉,我们无法依从你对有关包装的特殊要求,但愿提供如下的特价报价。

15.尽管我公司无法满足你的特殊要求,但我们仍将寄送另一份报价单给你。

Key to Exam 1

Ⅰ.

in advance/预先

We thank you in advance for your close cooperation.

trade regulations/贸易条例

These trade regulations shall,subject to the approval of the Ministry of Communications of the People’s Republic of China,become effective from August 1,20…

up to sample/达到样品,比得上样品

We regret to inform you that the goods shipped ex s.s‖…‖did not up to sample you guaranteed.

be in receipt of/收到……

We are in receipt of your letter of August 11 and the sample for which we thank you.

direct one’s attention to/让某人注意……

We would like to direct to your attention to the fact that this kind of produc ts is badly needed and we are heavily committed so you shuold place an order immediately.

at a discount/低于正常价格,(货物)没有销路,不受欢迎

Many articles are reported to be selling at a discount

Off-grade qualities are now at a discount.

Y our design and colour of this carpet really appeal to our market.

appeal to /引起兴趣

The goods are out of season now so you may get them at a much lower price.

state-operated/国营

This company is a state-operated one handling this kind of commodities for many years. forwarding agent/运输代理人

Mr.Jones is our forwarding agent in Hong Kong.

in large quantities/大量

If the quality of the trial order proves satisfactory,we will place orders in large quantities.

sole agent/独家代理

We have tht right to appoint sole agent in your territory.

under separate cover/另外邮寄

We send you ,under separate cover,a copy of our latest catalogue for your perusal.

articles in great demand/需求旺盛的商品

The articles in great demand are greatly needed so we suggest that you make a bid immediately. first-rate quality/一流的质量

The price of the first – rate quality should be much higher than that of inferior quality.

ceiling price \最高价

This is the ceiling price our customer can accept.

fair average quality\大路货

Fair average quality can be easily obtained at this price.

exceptional price \特价

In the view of the fact that you are our regular customer we make you this exceptional price.

in due time \ 及时地

We assure you that we will ship your ordered goods in due time.

take delivery \ 提货

We will take delivery of the goods as soon as they are released from the Customs.

customs entry \进口报关

The buyers are requested to make customs entry as usual.

make delivery \交货

Y ou should make delivery in due time according to the stipulation of this contract.

tariff rate\ 关税率

Would you tell us the tariff rate of this commodities?

for your information \供你参考

We will send you the market report in our place regularly for your ingformation.

ruling price \现行价格

The price you quoted is quite in line with the ruling price.

packing list \装箱单

The L\C should be accompanied by the packing list as well as the other shipping documents.

by request \依照请求

We gave your representative,by request ,a list of our current availabilities.

on request\一旦请求就

Cataloques will be sent on request.

on sale\上市,廉价出售

The goods are on sale in this season.

The garments are on sale in the department store for out – dated design and colour.

Documents against Accepanc承兑交单

The buyer requires D\A for an order below US $ 10000

Ⅱ.

1.d

2.b

3.a\b

4.c

5.c

6.c

7.a

8.c

9.c 10.c

11.c 12.c 13.c 14.c 16.b

Ⅲ.

1.They claimed to have bought the same article elsewhere at a lower price.

2.We should like to confirm having sold to you 500 dozen sets of table-cloth.

3.We are glad to be of helr to you in the future.

4.We are pleased to have helped you this time.

5.We confirm our shipping the goods by train?

6.We regret not having received your L\C.

Ⅳ.

1)Dear Sirs,

We have to acknowledge receipt of your letter of 11th ,together with quotation and terms and also your latest illustrated catalogue for which we thank you.

We are now in the pleasure of sending you an order with various items as per order sheet enclosed.

We trust that(to)this you will pay your usual careful attention.

Y ours faithfully,

2)

1.This will help cement our business relations.

2.To establish business relationd with you is what we have longed for you years.

3.We avail this opportunity of writing to you and see if we can establish business relations by a start of some pratical transactions.

4.We are only too pleased to deal in your products.

5.We are sorry that we could not answer your letter in due time .

6.Please place order with us if you find our price competitive.

7.We shall get in touch with you as soon as we have fresh supplies.

8.We are in urgent\great need of Grade A.

9.With a view to securing orders,please sen us a quotation sheet for this article.

10.We very much regret \much regret our inability to make you an offer at present.

Ⅴ.

1.Brown Co.,Eswle informed us your address and now we want to know:

2.We learned from ABC Co. that you are in a position to supply fruit and dried fruit.

3.We are very much interested in the advertisement in this mouth issue of ―China Foreign

Trade‖.Please inform us the details of this commodity.

4.We are interested in obtaining the catalogue and price list of your embroidered linen products.

5.This business is not done on the basis of sample.

6.As you know we are a state—owned company handling thia kind of items for many years.

7.Fragile goods should be handled carefully.

8.If you first order turns out to our satisfaction large repeat orders will follow.

9.Y our price is in line with the prevailing market here.

10.The buyer demands of the seller to ship 10 000 metric tons Phosphate Pock within one week.

11.We have received an enquiry from one of the Japanese clients who is in the market for 10 000

metric tons captioned sugar.

12.As soon as we receive your specific enquires we will make you best offer on CIF Lagos basis.

13.As for terms of payment , we need irrevocable L\C payable by draft at sight.

14.We used to import bicycles from USA but now we divert our buying to other countries.

15.We enclose quotionsheet against your Enquiry No.15 and look forward to your confirmation.

Ⅵ.

We learned your address from the Commercial Counseller’s Office of the Embassy of The United Kingdon of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Beijing who has already informed us that you are in the market for chemical products.We hereby contact you in the hope of establishing mutually beneficial business.

We are a state –operated company handling exclusively the importb and export businee of chemical products.We are now sending you , under cover,a list of main commodities available for export . If you need any items beyond this list,we will do our utmost to supply you the needed upon receipt of your detailed list.

We also inform you that when doing trade with European clients,we always adhere to the principle of equality , mutual benefit and exchange of the needed goods in order to promote both businessand friendship and benefit mutually through joint efforts.

Looking forward to receiving your early enquiry , we are,

Ⅶ.

Dear Sirs,

We learn from ABC&Co./Ltd.New york that you are a leading exporter in your country.

We are ,at present ,very much interested in importing your goods and would appreciate your sending us catalogues,sample books or even samples if possible.

Please give us detailed information of CIF Delian prices,discounts,and terms of payment.

We hope this will be s good start for a long and profitable business relations.

Truly yours,

Key to Exam 2

Ⅰ.

call one’s attention to\提醒某人注意某事

We called your attention to the quality of the bacth.

on or before \到某日或在某日之前

We offer you subject to your reply reaching here on or before Sept.23.

in reply\此复

In reply ,we offer you firm ,subject to your reply resching us by the end of this week.

to comply with\按照……

To comply with your request,we are submitting our Quotation No.2309 for your consideration. firm offer\实盘

We make you a firm offer which is firm for 5 days.

effort shippment\发货,出运

We will do our best to effort shipment at the contractual time .

non-firm offer \虚盘

We receive a non—firm offer ,which is subjest to change without notice.

meet with \遭遇,遇见

When carraying out the con tract ,we met with the difficulity in booking shipping space.

extend offer\展证

Becayse of the strike in the field of post office , the offer you made arrived us too late ,please extend offer for another 5days .

approval of sample\认可样品

We placed an order with you on the basis of :approval of sample‖.

result in \导致

Long time negotiations resulted in the conclusion of business.

in compliance with \与……相一致

Y ou may pay much attention to the fact that the terms in the L\C should be strictly in compliance with the stipulations in the contract.

avail oneself of …\利用机会……

Y ou may avail yourself of the business opportunity.

upon receipt of \一收到……就

Upon receipt of your order sheet,we will arrange the manufacture.

take pleasure in\高兴做……

We take pleasure in introducing you the new product .

brisk demand\旺盛的需求

There is a brisk demand for the lower-priced goods of such a fine quality.

in one’s favor\以……为受益人,为了……的利益

We have opened an irrevocable L\C in your favor with the Bank of China,Dalian.

We reduce the price in buyer’s favor in order to start a concrete business.

be subject to\以……为有效,以……为准

This offer is subject to prior sale.

out of stock\无货可供

We regret to inform you that the goods you are enquiring for are out of stock now.

draw on/向……开票

The seller has drawn on the buyer a sight draft for the order.

be in receipt of/收到

We are in receipt of your letter for which we thank you.

in due course/及时的

Y ou may be assured that we will ship the goods in due course.

as follows/如下

We are delighted to make the offer as follows:

trial order/试订货

If the trail order turns out to our satisfaction,we will place large order with you.

with regard to/关于

With regard to the letter of May3,we have discussed the questioned and found a better to solve the problem.

draw up/起草

We sent you yesterday the contract drawn up by us and would like to have your comments on it.

Ⅱ.

1.at,for,in

2.from,on/for

3.for,to,by

4.on,to,within,from/including

5.to,of,being

6.of

7.at,in 8.from/ex

9.with,in 10.of,of

11.in,of 12.In,to,of/dated

13.under,of 14.at,for

15.for

Ⅲ.

1.We have for acknowledgement your letter dated…

2.In reply,we have the pleasure of in informing you that an L/C has been opened in your

favour at £1500.

3.In internation market crude oil is customarily priced in U.S. dollar.

4.Please do not hesitate to come to us whenever you are in need of our assistance.

5.We are anxious for receiving your positive reply.

6.We are in receipt of your letter dated March10,from which we are pleased to note that

you are considering your request.

7.We have confirmed sending you an offer of even date reading as follows:

8.How long dose the offer remain open?

9.There is no possibility of our offer’s remaining valid for another three days.

10.Owing to the slackness of trade,we have to decline accepting your offer.

Ⅳ.

1.We have offered the goods at £1000 per metric ton which is the best at present.

2.We have quoted you our lowest price at which we have done many business with other clients.

3.Please reply as soon as possible stating the earlist time of shipment and terms of payment.

4.If you are interested,please cable us the quantity required.

5.We cabled you yesterday offering you 5000kgs walnutmeats for March shipment.

6.Please reply as soon as possible and inform us all the necessary details.

7.We cabled you today to place with you an order for 2000 metric tons yellow soybeans this

year crop.

8.We make you this offer,subject to your reply reaching here within 5 days.

9.Owing to the slump in commodity prices,we make you the following offer.

10.Y ou will note that these quotations are open for a week only,because of the frequent

fluctuations of the market price.

11.Stocks are geeting low so we suggest that you place your order without delay.

12.This is the special offer and cannot be repeated.

13.Owing to ample supply,we are able to offer you firm for immediate delivery……

14.In reply to your enquiry of May20th,we have the pleasure of quoting you 100 dozen nylon

stocking at $18 a dozen CIF Singapore.

15.In order to enlarge the volume of trade,we make an exceptionally lower price,We shall be

unable to repeat these when our present stock is exhausted.

Ⅴ.

1.This offer is firm for 5 days.

2.The above offer is valid by the end of this month.

3.This offer is subject to the goods being unsold upon receipt of your order.

4.This offer is without engagement for us.

5.Our offer is subjece to change without notice.

6.If you think this offer is acceptable,please cable us in order that we can confirm.

7.At the request of you,we off you firm,subject to your reply reaching here within one week,50

metric tons soybeans as follows:

8.We make a firm offer subject to your reply reaching us by 10a.m.our time,Tuesday,Oct.,5

9.We confirm that we have sold you 50 metric tons Bitter Apricot Kemels.

10.As agreed,we will draw on you at sight against your purchase of a sample lot.

11.We can supply you with 3000 dozen ―Tiantan‖brand Men’s Shirt from stock.

12.We feel confident that the price we quoted will meet with your approval.

13.We would like to bring the matter to your attention.

14.This is the special offer to which the usual discount doesn’t apply.

15.In order to start the concrete business between us,we are glad to make you a special

offer,subject to our final confirmation.

Ⅵ.

Dear Sirs,

Thank you for your enquiry of 15th May..We are glad to receive it and learn from the enquiries that you have had for our raincoats.Our‖A.B.Z‖range is particularly suitable for warm climates and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries.From many of them we have alreadly had repeat orders in some cases more than one.This range is pooular not only because it is light in weight,but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.

For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:

―A.B.Z‖Raincoats

100 men’s medium $3.00 each $300.00

100 men’s small $2.80 each $280.00

100women’s large $3,10 each $310.00

100women’s small $2.75each $275.00

Net C’I’F. Dalian $1165.00 Terms:By L/C at sight.

Shipmen:Within 3-4 weeks of receiving the L/C.

This offer is subject to our final confirmation.

We feel you may be interested in some of our other products and enclose some descriptive booklets and a supply of sales literature.

We look forward to receiving your order.

Y ours faithful,

Ⅶ.

Dear Sir,

We have received your enquiry sheet of 1th Aug. together with the attached sample for which we thank you.

As for the result of inspection of sample,we may assure you that we are in a position to manufacture the same products in design and quality as the sample.

On the basis of 100000 paris annual requirement we offer you as follows:

Price:25 cents CIF Dalian per pair

Packing:in plastic bags outer-packed in cardboard cartons.

Payment:by irrevocable confirmed sight L/C

Delivery:during Nov./Dec.90 days after receipt of your order.We can assure you that this price is the lowest price according to the above quantity.Y ou may refer to our catalogue regarding the otther technique items.

Please give us your directions if you have any problems.

Y ours faithfull, Enl:a copy of catalogue

Key to exam 3

Ⅰ.

worth while/值得

I think the large order is worth while ro concentrate on.

at one’s earlist convenience/尽早

We will appreciate it very much to receiving your reply at your earliest convenience. make a concession to sb/向某人让步

It is possible for you to make any futher concession in the price in order to obtain the big order.

usual terms/惯常条例

We would like to do business with new customers on usual terms.

cope with/应付

We have cut down the price by 10% so as to cope with the keen competition in the market.

parcel post/包裹邮寄

We sent you the sample by parcel post.

previous to/在……之前

Previous to the signature of the contract,we shuold read carefully.

Japanese make/日本货

Our price is much lower than that of Japanese make.

minimum quantity/最小量

For the minimum quantity ,we are prepared to grant 3% commission.

at one’s level/按某人的价格

The buyer agrees to book an order at your level.

be prepared to/准备……

We are prepared to give you a special discount for your large order.

come to terms/成交

If your price is reasonable,we may come to terms.

in view of/鉴于

In view of the long standing business relations,we are willing to reduce the price by 10% on the high side/偏高

We regret to inform you that your price is rather on the high side.

see one’s way clear to/设法做某事

We will see our way clear to meet your requirements.

on account of/因为

On account of the shortage of the material,we have to turn down your order.

account for/占……比例,解释

Y ou can not account for the delay of carrying vessel we have to cancel the order. Rubber accounts for 70% of the country’s export.

for one’s account/由……支付

We have done the business for your account.

with the exception of/除……以外

All the items listed are of interest to us with the exception of Items 3 and 5.

1.declining,found,high

2.learn,in,market

3.see our way,indicated

4.do,near

5.may be/may rest,in time

6.out of line,workable,end

7.can’t 8.in,position,offer,inform/tell

9.list,information/study 10.pleasure,in,position

11.with 12.in,at,by

13.revert 14.account of

15.keep,of,at 16.on,high side

https://www.doczj.com/doc/f05526712.html,e of 18.adhere

19.to 20.by

Ⅲ.

1.offer,Machine,at,on,for

2.on,of doing

3.having sent,comfirmation copy

4.be prepared,reduce/cut/cut down,5%/say 5%,will,with

5.with/in,business relations

6.do/try,meet/satisfy,requirements

7.necessary,information,exportable

8.always,adhere to,principal,in,with

9.open/firm,your,reaching,us/here,at,20/20th

10.shall,be able,by/through efforts,and

11.for

12.on

13.into

14.of

15.to accept

Ⅳ.

1.Only by reducing the price by 5% can we come to business.

2.Business will still be difficult unless your price proves attractive in the future.

3.It is always a pleasure to help you where we can.But to make a 10% reduction is out

of the question.

4.The gap in price is too wide to be bridged over.

5.Our client said that if you could stretch a point,he would place an additional

50m/tons.

6.Our price is more attractive as compared with that offered by suppliers elsewhere.

7.Y our price is not so competitive as other sellers’.

8.The competitors are trying to occupy the market by selling their goods at a lower

price.

9.In your letter of Jan.25,you didn’tmention having raised the price.

10.The product that you bought an the lower price is inferior to the one that we sole at a

slightly higher price.

1.We cannot see our way

a.to accept your counter-offer dated Sept.10th.

b.to accept your proposal for March shipment.

c.entertain lagre orders before we don’t have supply sources.

2.Please keep us post of

a.the demand situation in your market

b.monthly quantity of the shoes sole.

c.development of your market

d.the quarterly quantity you need to import.

3.We assure you

a.that your ordered goods will be shipped punctually according to the contract

stipulations.

b.that the goods are moderately priced and are of superior quality.

c.that we will make every effort to promote friendship as well as business.

4.Please rest assured

a.that will arrange everything necessary.

b.that we will get these goods ready.

c.that we are ready to ship the above goods.

5.Y our price is found to be

a.on the high side

b.out of line with market in our place.

c.30% higher than that of Japanese make.

Ⅵ.

1.If you insist on your price,we can not make you a suitable offer.

2.We can supply superior quality goods a lower price.

3.We can not use the special package in compliance with youe request.In any case you

call our attention to the fact that we shuold take measures to prevent the damage to the package.

4.If you reduce the price of quotation sheet dated Sept.3 by 3%,we are desirous of

accepting your offer.

5.The package of your offer is not up to the standard whether you can use the package

prevent from damage.

6.Owing to the limit of our storage,the goods should be shipped in three lots.We

wonder if your offer is valid under the circumstances.

7.The price list you sent on 21st is found in order but the listed terms of payment don’t

conform to our trade pratice.

8.We are not satisfied with the items of insurance listed in your quotation of 30

th.Whether you can take it into consideration again.

9.We think your perishable goods is suitable for cold storage trunk.Please let us know

immediatedly whether this method is workable or not.

10.Because we consider that the price we offered you is the lowest price we are not in a

position to meet your special requirement.

现代艺术思潮名词解释

现代艺术思潮 一名词解释 1.未来主义:第一次世界大战之前首先在意大利出现的文艺流派,1909年意大利马里内蒂倡始的。具有强烈的反传统倾向,热衷现代生活的运动、变化、速度,否定一些文艺规律和传统,表现出对未来社会的追求和热切向往,宣称要创造一种全新的未来艺术。 2.悉尼歌剧院:澳大利亚一座富有个性的建筑作品。是20世纪最具特色的建筑之一,也是世界著名的表演艺术中心,该剧院设计者为丹麦设计师约恩·乌松,位于贝尼朗岛,面临大海,被设计成贝壳型。2007年被联合国教科文组织评为世界文化遗产, 桥梁工程师埃菲尔。设计以钢架结构而成,高300米。埃菲尔铁塔在现代美学上的意义今天已经得到普遍承认,它解开了现代审美的新篇章,是现代美学和现代艺术新纪元的伟大起点之一。 的艺术影响而从事新的探索发展:导致了象征主义的庄严、简约化和变形的装饰风格。 对保守的维也纳学院派,他们没有明确的纲领,指是思想、类型相近的艺术一群。其设计风格颇为大胆独特,往往采用一种抽象的表现形式,是追求艺术实用性合理性的新艺术流派。 士集团多采用抒情的抽象语言,对不可见的内在精神更感兴趣,希望给这种内在精神以一种可见的形和色。从而把艺术和深刻的精神内容融为一体。 他们的目的是要通过各种不同的纹样和色彩,利用观众的视觉变化来造成一种幻觉效果。他们是打

破了纯绘画艺术和装饰图案艺术之间的界限,对工艺美术银幕艺术,广告艺术和建筑艺术都产生了较大的影响。代表比亚齐、赖利等。 雕塑。强调的是空间中的势,而不是传统雕塑着重的体积量感。后来将这一观念用于建筑和机械设计,代表艺术家塔特林,代表作《第三国际纪念碑》。构成主义对现代设计与建筑产生重要影响。 影响的艺术大家。他的雕塑注重造形与材质,作品流露出结实的造型和赋予思考的、独特的创作思维。他以现代手法结合罗马尼亚民间木雕艺术特点,形成独特的象征主义风格,被视为现代抽象雕塑之父。 影响,开始制作以抽象形态组成的、可以由机器牵动的金属雕塑。通过不断更换位置和方向,随之不断出现新的形态,给人以多种多样的感受。他的活动雕塑打破了雕塑的静态法则,并使之成为工业制品,广泛应用于室内外环境之中。 现代媒体和现代媒介两部分。使艺术向所有可了解的媒介和社会关系延伸,是当代艺术的主流样式。 抽象造型能力来控制画面的形式因素。他的艺术是链接19世界末实验性绘画和10世纪初表现主义的桥梁。 的几何抽象主义画派。以《风格》杂志为中心,因此而得名。其绘画宗旨是只用单纯的色彩和几何形象来表现纯粹的精神。

布朗氨合成流程及合成氨培训教材

布朗氨合成流程及合成氨培训教材由于布朗工艺{4}的特殊流程,合成气最终要经过深冷精制以除去其中所含多余的氮气,因而气体质量与其他冷法精制流程的氮洗大体相当,即不含微量水分及二氧化碳。这种高质量的合成补充气,系所有深冷净化法的一大优点。它对氨合成系统十分有利,可有效地提高合成系统的能力,降低消耗。 图(4-19-9)为布朗三台合成塔,三台废热锅炉的氨合成工艺流程。补充气经过压缩冷却后 在循环段中与循环气相混合,然后经过预热去合成塔(1),(2),(3)。每台合成塔出口都设有废热锅炉,副产12.5MPa

高压蒸汽。合成塔的出口气,经过废热锅炉和预热器回收热量后,再经水冷器,冷交换器,二级氨冷器,降温至4.4℃并分离掉冷凝液氨,然后进冷交换器回收冷量,并升温至32℃,进入透平压缩机循环段与补充合成气混合去氨合成塔,从而构成氨合成的循环回路。 此氨合成流程的合成压力为15MPa。第三氨合成塔出口气中含氨可达21%,入塔气中含氨4%左右。 四、卡萨里法合成氨流程 卡萨立高压法也是高压法的一种,意大利人卡萨里所创。氢氮混合气被压缩到50~90MPa后进入循环系统,催化剂在500℃操作,采用的空间速度为12000,出塔气中氨含量15%,虽然用循环法生产,但不用循环压缩机而用气体喷射泵,只需将补充进入系统的3:1的氢氮混合气压力提高一点,就可作为动力源而带动整个系统的气体进行循环。此法最大的特点在与催化剂床层的温度控制,在高温高压下催化剂活性很易衰老,为此卡萨里对循环系统氨的分离使用冷凝的方法,出合成塔的气体被冷却到一定的温度,其中反应生成的氨就被冷凝分离掉。由于这种冷凝的做法,使得气体中残留一定量的氨分压,参见图(1-2-5)3.气体在60MPa下冷凝之后还有大约2%到3%的氨保留在气相中,这就使得循环到合成塔催化剂层进口处时可以减慢氨的生成反应,因此也就避免了产生过热现象。而哈伯法是用水洗分氨。合成塔进口处氨含量接近于0。而克劳德法则更是用新鲜氢氮气一次通过,故这两种工艺对催化剂的反应确实是要剧烈的多。据报道,同样的催化剂在卡萨里法可用6到12个月。每千克的催化剂产率为0.5到0.6的氨。

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2017《设计与人文:当代公共艺术》习题汇总.pdf

导入 1【单选题】关于公共艺术作品《云门》,下列描述错误的是(C、其形态像一把剪刀)。 2【单选题】关于在芝加哥的被称为“毕加索”的公共艺术作品,说法不恰当的是 (D、其修建的初衷是为了公共艺术的自我宣传)。 3【单选题】关于《北方天使》,描述不正确的是(B、尺度较大,与真人相当)。 4【判断题】当前,我国在公共艺术领域,存在公共艺术匮乏、社会认识不足的问题。(√)5【判断题】法国蓬皮杜艺术中心的作品,风格几乎都是严肃庄重的。(×) 公共艺术的特征 1【单选题】下列属于公共艺术的是(C、做扁桃花游戏的一对恋人)。 2【单选题】两座相隔一百年的富兰克林雕像,主要说明了公共艺术的什么特点? (D、内涵上具有现代性) 3【单选题】下列不属于公共艺术基本特征的是(B、内容上的严肃性)。 4【判断题】弗兰克·盖里的作品《大红球》具有互动性的特点,营造出幽默欢快的气氛。 (×) 5【判断题】1897年落成于华盛顿的《海军纪念碑》,是以真人士兵为原型的雕塑。(×) 国外公共艺术的发展状况 1【单选题】用“百分比计划”发展公共艺术的国家是(D、美国)。 2【单选题】最早接受百分比计划资助完成的公共艺术作品是(C亚历山大?考尔德)的作品。3【单选题】下列说法错误的是 (A、受法国公共艺术改造的启发,后来世界各地在面对有争议的公共艺术作品时,一般要用十年的时间来决定其去留)。 4【判断题】法国王宫广场改造的标志性元素——圆穹顶,在刚建成时曾遭到法国人民的质 疑和反对。(×) 5【判断题】日本公共艺术的发展主要通过各地雕塑竞赛搜集作品,注重材质和主题要与当 地传统相结合。(√) 中国公共艺术的发展状况 1【单选题】《深圳人的一天》是基于(D、十八)位深圳市民的面貌来反映城市的风貌。 2【判断题】艺术家劳伦斯以大熊猫作为主要元素创作了《I Am Here》。(√)

生物工艺学

一、名词解释 1、菌种衰退 2、菌种保藏 3、菌种复壮 4、自然选育 5、诱变育种 6、表型延迟 7、出发菌株 8、渗透缺陷型 9、种龄10、接种量11、灭菌12、消毒13、热阻14、相对热阻15、致死温度 16、菌体浓度 17、基质抑制作用 18、临界菌体浓度19、发酵机制 20、临界溶氧量 答案: 1、衰退:指由于自发突变的结果,而使某一系列原有生物学性状发生量变或质 变的现象。 2、菌种保藏:通过控制低温、干燥、缺氧等条件,使微生物营养体或休眠体处 于不活泼的状态,维持最低代谢水平,尽可能保证活力和不发生变异。 3、菌种复壮:即在菌种的生产性能尚未衰退前就经常有意识地进行纯种分离和 生产性能的测定工作,使菌种的生产性能逐步提高。 4、自然选育:在生产过程中,不经过人工诱变处理,根据菌种的自发突变而进 行菌种筛选的过程,叫做自然选育或自然分离。 5、诱变育种:利用各种诱发剂处理微生物细胞,提高基因突变频率,再通过适 当筛选方法获得高产菌株的方法。 6、表型延迟:突变基因的出现并不等于突变表型的出现,表型的改变落后于基 因型改变的现象称为表型延迟。 7、出发菌株:工业上用来进行诱变处理的菌株,称为出发菌株。 8、渗漏缺陷型:遗传性障碍不完全的营养缺陷型,突变使某一种酶的活性下降 而不是完全丧失,所以这种缺陷型能够少量地合成某一代谢产物,能在基本培养基上少量地生长。 9、种龄:种子培养时间称为种龄。 10、接种量:移入种子液体积和接种后培养液体积的比例,称为接种量。 11、灭菌:指用物理和化学的方法杀灭或除去物料及设备中一切生命物质队的过程。 12、消毒:指用物理或化学的方法杀死物料、容器、器具内外的病源微生物,一般只能杀死营养细胞而不能杀死芽孢。 13、热阻:指微生物在某一特定条件(主要是温度和加热方式)下的致死时间。 14、相对热阻:指某一微生物在某条件下的致死时间与另一微生物在相同条件下的致死时间的比值。 15、致死温度:杀死微生物的极限温度。 16、菌体浓度:是指单位体积培养液中菌体的含量。 17、基质抑制作用:营养物质均存在一个上限浓度,在此限度以,内菌体比生长速率则随浓度增加而增加,但超过此上限,浓度继续增加,反而引起生长素率下降。 18、临界菌体浓度:为了提高酵母的生产效率,需采用摄氧速率与传氧速率相平衡时的菌体的浓度,也就是传氧速率随菌浓变化的曲线和摄氧速率随菌浓变化的曲线的交点所对应的浓度。 19、发酵机制:微生物通过其代谢活动利用基质(底物)合成人们所需的代谢产物的内在规律。 20、临界溶氧量:再好氧发酵中,微生物对氧有一个最低要求,满足微生物呼吸的最低氧浓叫临界溶氧量。

上海市甲级建筑设计院排名及联系地址

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人文艺术尔雅答案

【单选题】关于《北方天使》,描述不正确的是()。 ?A、位于英国 ?B、尺度较大,与真人相当 ?C、体现了可持续和生态理念 ?D、极大促进了当地的知名度和经济发展 【单选题】关于在芝加哥的被称为“毕加索”的公共艺术作品,说法不恰当的是()。 ?A、其最初的设计者是毕加索 ?B、它新奇的形象曾引起很多争议 ?C、其修筑没有使用政府的税金 ?D、其修建的初衷是为了公共艺术的自我宣传 【单选题】关于公共艺术作品《云门》,下列描述错误的是()。 ?A、位于芝加哥 ?B、作者是安妮施·卡普尔 ?C、其形态像一把剪刀 ?D、给人们提供了休息放松的场所 【单选题】下列不属于公共艺术基本特征的是()。 ?A、位置上的开放性 ?B、内容上的严肃性 ?C、功能上的实用性 ?D、环境上的归属性 【单选题】下列属于公共艺术的是()。 ?A、自由女神像 ?B、流水别墅 ?C、做扁桃花游戏的一对恋人 ?D、拉什莫尔国家纪念碑 【单选题】两座相隔一百年的富兰克林雕像,主要说明了公共艺术的什么特点?() ?A、形式上具有综合性 ?B、表现上具有趣味性 ?C、空间上具有互动性 ?D、内涵上具有现代性 【判断题】弗兰克·盖里的作品《大红球》具有互动性的特点,营造出幽默欢快的气氛。(×)

【判断题】1897年落成于华盛顿的《海军纪念碑》,是以真人士兵为原型的雕塑。(×)【单选题】用“百分比计划”发展公共艺术的国家是()。 ?A、德国 ?B、法国 ?C、英国 ?D、美国 【判断题】日本公共艺术的发展主要通过各地雕塑竞赛搜集作品,注重材质和主题要与当地传统相结合。(√) 【判断题】法国王宫广场改造的标志性元素——圆穹顶,在刚建成时曾遭到法国人民的质疑和反对。(×) 【单选题】《深圳人的一天》是基于()位深圳市民的面貌来反映城市的风貌。 ?A、十五 ?B、十六 ?C、十七 ?D、十八 【判断题】艺术家劳伦斯以大熊猫作为主要元素创作了《I Am Here》。(√) 【单选题】下列描述错误的是()。 ?A、DBAE理论是由教育学家布鲁纳提出的 ?B、《滑流》位于英国希思罗机场 ?C、《柏林结》的主题是黑色幽默 ?D、《飞舞的球瓶》的设计者是奥登伯格 【单选题】按照DBAE理论,艺术教育应包括哪些内容?() ?A、艺术创作、艺术史、艺术批评 ?B、艺术创作、艺术史、艺术批评、美学 ?C、艺术产业、艺术史、艺术批评、美学 ?D、艺术创作、艺术史、艺术思潮、美学 【单选题】现成品复制、二维和构成,属于公共艺术的()。 ?A、设计历史 ?B、设计理论 ?C、设计思潮 ?D、设计方法

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欧美各国的风俗和禁忌 游客到欧洲各国、美国、新西兰以及加拿大等地去时,大都可以凭着我们在国内所得之各种资讯来判断,所以可说比较令人放心。 首先谈到欧美的礼节,必须彻底做到'女士优先'的原则,这是世界各地通用的。东方人的大男人主义至今尚未消灭,所以刚去之时,必须特别留心'Lady first'的原则。 由于崇洋心理的作崇,往往国人一到欧洲或美洲时,就显得很自卑,这都是不健康的观念。近来,出国观光的人愈来愈多,这种心理障碍也有逐渐减少的趋势,然而困难的是语言方面的隔阂,不过旅游时,不必太在乎语言的问题,因为,旅行社会好好地为我们安排导游人员翻译,解决语言的困难。但要是在国外住下,情形就不同了。在日常生活中,少不了与当地人交往,所以必须在极短期间内,将语言学好,最好是在出国之前,就将语文能力练好,才不致临时失措。除了学习语言之外,事先必须同时学习当地礼节,到了当地后,还必须多交几个当地朋友。 在家招待客人,应把屋内外打扫清洁,欧美人认为清洁的程度和民众素质的高低成正比,同时室内装潢也代表主人教养的程度,这都是必须注意的事。澳洲和新西兰的房子,都有大庭院,住在那里都要仔细照顾庭院中的花草树木,不可任其荒芜或杂草众生,否则会引起邻居的不快。 应邀参加派对后,礼貌上要再回请一次。在派对中男女平等,可以随便交谈,也是个人的涵养表现,切不可缩头缩尾。 无论听或说、Yes 或No,都是彼此了解的结论。常有人说,中国人谈话委婉而含糊,这可能是因中国人人情味重而不忍心拒绝之故。所以到欧美各地,对任何人的态度都应明显,尤其女性更是如此,不可逢人便露着微笑而不说话,这就容易引起别人不确定的判断。如果自认自己的语文能力不佳,就应该与一位能替你翻译的人去参加派对。听不懂话时,要请个翻译,把自己所想要说的话明明确确地说出,不可随意应付。 干杯要干到底 俄罗斯各国的干杯和我们的一样,一定要名符其实地喝得一滴不剩才可以。干杯后,还要把杯子倒过来,表示杯里已经没有酒,这才是正式的礼貌。杯子一空,主人立刻又会为你倒酒,倒了酒后就得喝,不喝就违反礼节,如此一杯接着一杯喝。再说俄国有很多酒,酒精含量高,所以必须特别小心,真的不能喝时,应该声明。不过,最近主随客便的情形较普遍了,按照自己的酒量喝酒,主人不太会强灌。 搭便车难免有危险 无论到美国或欧洲各国,最好不要贪小便宜,为了省钱而搭便车,尤其是女性旅游者,如果凭着好奇心搭便车,等于是自杀的行为,谁都不敢保证不会发生任何的意外。 搭便车吃了亏,是无处申告的,到了警局去诉讼亦无济于事,他们只有一句话:'你自己不小心才会这样!'不只是不要搭别人的便车,也不要让别人搭便车。有很多搭便车的人,其实是另有目的,多数心怀不轨,所以常有人被洗劫一空,而车子也被抢走的事件,这种情形已司空见惯,一点也不稀奇。

凯洛格·布朗·路特公司(KBR)

凯洛格·布朗·路特公司(KBR):是美国最大的私营军工企业,同时也是全球领先的工程、建设和咨询服务公司,于2002年3月在美国大型能源公司、石油服务业巨头哈利伯顿集团公司的业务重组后而产生。总部位于享有“世界能源之都”美誉的美国休斯敦,公司员工超过56000名,分布在包括澳洲、非洲、亚洲、中东、欧洲在内的世界各地。凭借低成本、高效率以及高品质的服务,该公司取得了辉煌的业绩,尤其是在政府工程项目和基础设施建设领域占据了市场领头羊的地位。 历史沿革: KBR的前身是1919年成立的布朗·路特公司,该公司在1936年获得了一个大项目——位于得克萨斯的水坝工程,这是当时得克萨斯最大的工程。为取得联邦政府的财政支持,该公司牵头成立了选举基金赞助国会议员林登·约翰逊进行总统选举,并且取得成功。林登·约翰逊当选总统后,该公司不仅取得了联邦政府的财政支持,还取得了一系列的政府订单,从而开始了与美国政府良好的合作关系。 二战期间,布朗·路特公司开始跟美国海军合作,承建了海军航空兵基地等项目,并成立了专门的子公司为海军建造军舰。 布朗·路特公司的实际控制人布朗去世后,美国石油服务业巨头哈里伯顿公司于1962年接管了布朗·路特公司。越战期间,布朗·路特公司在哈里伯顿公司的支持下和另外三家公司一起,承建了越战期间美军所需基础设施工程总量的约85%。

1998年,哈里伯顿的另一家从事工程建设的子公司凯洛格与布朗·路特公司合并,成立了凯洛格·布朗·路特公司;2006年6月,凯洛格·布朗·路特公司向美国证券交易委员会申请上市,同年11月,该公司在纽约证交所公开发行股票;2007年4月起 KBR正式脱离哈里伯顿公司,成为独立公司。 主要业务构成: 1.政府工程项目及基础设施建设。政府工程项目主要是指根据政府的需求新建军事基地、同时为保障军事基地的日常运转提供各项工程方面的服务,从二战起至今,该公司一直为美国军方在中东及世界各地修建军事设施。基础设施领域主要包括交通建设、垃圾及污水处理等,客户遍布全球各地,公司在这些项目上为客户提供工程设计、施工、项目管理、运作维护等一系列服务。 2.能源及化工业务。能源及化工业务主要为世界各地的大型或高技术难度的能源化工项目服务,如陆地及海上石油管道铺设、天然气项目、合成气项目、化工厂建设等,公司在这些项目上主要采取EPC 模式,同时也包括了项目管理、咨询以及技术服务等内容。 业务战略: 公司的业务战略是利用自身竞争优势为股东创造价值,主要体现在以下几个方面: 在增长的市场中确定领先地位——不断提升政府工程、能源、化工业务的市场份额;提升技术水平实现持续增长——提升能源和化工

在上海注册建筑设计公司申请建筑设计事务所的资质条件_百.

1 、至少有三名具有良好的其中 60岁以下不少于 1 2、有固上海宏途注册公司代办注册上海各类公司工商税务登记企业年检、变更代理记账咨询热线 021 ******** 上海宏途 0903定的工作场所和必要 3、注册资金不少于 50 4、聘用技术劳务人员必须签订聘用合同。 工图 设计中的建筑专业设计与咨询业务。 1、 至少有三 60岁以下不少于 1 2 3、 注册资金不少于 50 4、聘用技术劳务人员必须签订聘用合同。注册建筑设计公司流程 10 上海注册内资公司是一样的。

装潢设计 设计事务所资质标准根据《中华人民共和国注册建筑师条例》、 《注册结构工程师执业资定本标准。建筑工程专业设计事务所资质分为建筑设计事务所资质、结构设计事务所资质、机电设计事务所资质三类。 1.营业执照正 2.电子营业执照 U 3. 4. 5.代码 IC 6. 7.公司章、财务专用章、法人章各一枚注册上海汽配公司客户所要提交材料 1、法定代表人、股东身份证原件及复印件2、房产证和租 3 4 、公司名称字号 . 公司经营范围 查名——验资——营业执照——代码证 ——税务登记证 3— 2—— 5— 2 —— 4 注册公司 1. 2.电子营业执照 U

3. 4. 5.代码 IC 6. 7.公司章、财务专用章、法人章各一枚注册建筑设计公司的流程注册建筑设计公司流程注册 10 册内资公司是一样的。 务所资质标准根据《中华人民共和国注册建筑师条例》、《注册结构工程师执业资格制度 暂 准。建筑工程专业设计事务所资质分为建筑设计事务所资质、结构设计事务所资质、机电设计事务所资质三类。一、建筑设计事务所资质标准

新风—布朗

新风——BLLC布朗 新风系统 新风系统是由风机、进风口、排风口及各种管道和接头组成。安装在吊顶内的风机通过管道与一系列的排风口相连,风机启动,室内受污染的空气经排风口及风机排往室外,使室内形成负压,室外新鲜空气便经安装在窗框上方(窗框与墙体之间)的进风口进入室内,从而使室内人员可呼吸到高品质的新鲜空气。 要点 1.独立排风管形式——节省了竖井风道占用的室内空间,户间相互影响小。 2.顶部不设排风机,公用竖向排风道形式——易发生回流和泄流现象。 3.顶部设排风机,公用竖向排风道形式 1)每户都在厨房或卫生间设置排风机,排风机出口接公用竖向排风道; 2)每户都不设置排风机,厨房和卫生间排风出口接公用竖向排风道。 优势 1)不用开窗也能享受大自然的新鲜空气; 2)避免“空调病”; 3)避免室内家具、衣物发霉; 4)清除室内装饰后长期缓释的有害气体,利于人体健康; 5)调节室内湿度,节省取暖费用; 6)有效排除室内各种细菌、病毒。 背景 在北欧斯堪的那维亚地区在讲究质量和能源节约的国家里,中央新风系统(VMC)存在至今已有50年历史了。70年代西班牙90%以上的新建住宅中装用VMC系统。1989年美国ASHRAE制定了“室内空气品质通风规范”。在德国,住宅通风系统已经与建筑物溶为一体,成为不可缺少的重要组成部分。2000年,欧盟统一了住宅通风标准。在中国2002年1月1日室内空气污染控制规范诞生。非典、禽流感、肺结核等疾病的发生,使全世界对室内空气质量给予了高度的关注。 类型 1.单向流负压新风系统 2.双向流新风系统 3.全热交换新风系统 4.地送风系统

布朗 BLLC ,来自于全球500强企业——IMG 集团,北美最大的节能系统制造集团及控股机构。具有百年专业研发及制造历史,同时其尖端的室内空气技术为美国军方及航空机构服务。全球IQA (室内空气品质)行业的领导者。旗下主要品牌:B/L 、BLLC 、TITON 。 B&L 博仕莱 BLL 布朗 TITON 泰顿 关于BLLC 布朗 1932年,亨利·布朗先生研制并生产了一种安静高效的厨房通风设备,命名为摩特德,这一举措成就了今天的BLLC ,是世界最大的室内空气质量(IAQ )系统产品制造商, 其中最为突出的是Guardian Plus 系列IAQ 产品:在2002年全球建筑展览会上,荣获“住宅技术创新奖”,同时,荣获美国ADEX “产品设计优秀奖”。创立了新一代室内空气质量系统的标准。 它所提供的IAQ 和建筑气候系统让人们在健康、洁净的居住环境中生活,着力解决长久以来开窗通风-破坏节能,关窗密闭-损害健康这样的建筑矛盾。 获取并应用空气中大量的自然能源---空气能(可再生能源)同时对建筑内的能量进行

镜面加工工艺探讨

镜面加工工艺 摘要:通过对镜面加工工艺的探讨和磨床的介绍,使得我们清楚研磨和抛光的工艺要求,以及工艺的特点原理。同时随时代的发展前进,对于现在的镜面加工要求也越来越高,应用也越来越广泛,尤其是在精密抛光与研磨的工艺要求上,这是直接影响到产品的好坏和企业的知名度。在现代的微电子、光学领域时代,作为一名从事机械专业的人士更应该深入了解精密研磨与抛光工艺。 关键词:镜面精密工艺磨床研磨抛光 引言:在精密与超精密加工技术中,模具抛光技术是模具表面工程中的重要组成部分,是模具制造过程中后处理的重要工艺。随着镜面注塑模具在生产中的大规模应用,模具抛光技术就成为模具生产的关键问题。模具表面抛光不单受抛光设备和工艺技术的影响,还受模具材料镜面度的影响,这一点还没有引起足够的重视,抛光本身受模具材料的制约。镜面模具材料在冶炼时要求采用真空脱气、氩气保护铸锭、垂直连铸连轧、柔锻等一系列先进工艺,使镜面模具钢具内部缺陷少、杂质粒度细、弥散程度高、金属晶粒度细、均匀度好等一系列优点,以达到抛光至镜面的模具钢的要求。 一、镜面研磨抛光技术在社会中的应用 在现代的许多领域中,都以各种各样的形式应用到人们的生活中。无论是医学领域,还是军事领域,或者是教学领域等等,都普遍应用到镜面研磨和抛光技术。只要你稍稍留意你身边的产品,就会发现镜面研磨技术的无处不在,如手机的液晶显示屏,眼镜的镜片,还有数码相机的镜头……都需要高要求的镜面研磨技术。而生产这些产品的模具要求也很高,在国内一般厂的技术是赶不上的,如傻瓜相机镜头注塑模、CD、VCD光盘及工具透明度要求高的注塑模仍有很大一部分依赖进口。模具网CEO、国际模具及五金塑胶产业供应商协会负责人罗百辉指出,模具表面抛光不单受抛光设备和工艺技术的影响,还受模具材料镜面度的影响,这一点还没有引起足够的重视,也就是说,抛光本身受模具材料的制约。例如,用45#碳素钢做注塑模时,抛光至Ra0.2μm时,肉眼可见明显的缺陷,继续抛下去只能增加光亮度,而粗糙度已无望改善,故目前国内在镜面模具生产中往往采用进口模具材料,如瑞典的一胜百136、日本大同的PD555等都能获得满意的镜面度。 所以至今为止广泛应用的镜面技术,还是存在有比较多的问题,提升的空间很大,主要体现在设备的精度和加工材料这两个方面。 二、镜面研磨技术的发展 研磨技术的发展是随着磨床的发展而发展的,所以在早期的磨床的精度就代表了当时研磨技术的精度。早在十八世纪30年代,英国、德国和美国分别研制出使用天然磨料砂轮的磨床。这些磨床是在当时现成的机床如车床、刨床等上面加装磨头改制而成的,它们结构简单,刚度低,磨削时易产生振动,要求操作工人要有很高的技艺才能磨出精密的工件。虽然是这样,但相比于现代的研磨精度还差比较远,但是的研磨技术只是用在自行车、缝纫机和枪械等零件淬硬后的加工。

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