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现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense

现在完成时The Present Perfect Tense

一、构成：

肯定式：主语+ have/ has + done

否定式：主语+ have/has not + done

疑问式：Have/has +主语+ done?

二、基本用法：

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系，可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。常见标志有：

例如：

I have already finished my job. 我已经做完工作了

Have you finished your homework yet? 你已经写完作业了吗？

Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去过长城吗？

I have lived in Dandong for five years. 我已经在丹东住五年了。

Great changes have taken place in China in the past ten years. 十年以来，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。

注：

1. This is the best film（that）I have ever seen. (固定句型)这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。

2. 在must (may, should, can, need, ought to) + have done表示推测和假设意义的句子里，可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。

例：They must have been here last week. 他们想必上周到过这儿。

The guide should have let us through the forest last night.向导本该昨晚带我们穿过森林。

3. 终止性动词用于现在完成时，不与表“一段时间”的状语连用，如接一段时间，应将终止性动词换成相应的延续性动词后再加一段时间。但终

止性动词的否定式可与一段时间连用。

例：He has come here for five days. （此句有错）

应改为：He has been here for five days.

或: He came here five days ago.（过去时）

或: It’s five days since he came here.（固定句型）

三、下面是常见的终止性动词与其相对应的延续性动词：

来：come/ arrive --- have been in / at…

加入：join --- have been in…/ have been a member of…

买：buy ---- have had

离开：leave –have been away from

死亡：die –have been dead

借：borrow --have kept

结婚：marry --have been married ,

例：这辆车我买了三年了。

I bought this car three years ago. （一般过去时）= I have had this car for three years.（现在完成时）另外，此句可写成：

It is three years since I bought the car. （固定句型）或

It has been three years since I bought the car.

注：在It is the first / second / third…time that结构中，谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时动作发生过几次：

It is the fifth time that I have been here. 这是我第五次来这儿。

Exercises

II. Complete the following dialogues with proper words.

1. —John, clean your teeth, please.

—Mum, I ________ ________ them already.

2. —_______ you ________ your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _______ it a moment ago . (finish)

3. —How long ________ you ________ here ?

—About two months .

III.Choos e “just, never, ever, already, yet, since, for ” to fill in the blanks.

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework for a long time.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

6. It is 3 years _______ Ben joined the army.

IV. Change the sentences form as requested

1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)

I _______ ________ been to Macau before.

2. He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问)

_______ _______ he come to school?

3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写)

I _______ just _______ a new bike.

4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)

We _______ _______English ________three years

5. He has never surfed, _________ _________? （改成反意疑问句）

6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)

_______ _______have they been here?

7. The old man _________ last year. He has _________ _________for a year. (die) （动词填空）

8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Gao has _______ ________ an hour ago.

V. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1. They haven’t seen each other ________ at least three months.

A. since

B. during

C. for

D. in

2.Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

A. knew

B. have known

C. must know

D.will know

3. The foreign guests __________ here for almost a week.

A. have arrived

B. have been

C. have reached

D. have got

4. Great changes _______ in the city, and a lot of factories _________.

A. have been taken place, have been set up

B. have taken place, have been set up

C. have taken place, have set up

D. were taken place, were set up

5. This is the first time I ______________ here.

A. was

B. have been

C. came

D. am coming

6. _______ four years since he graduated from high school.

A. There have been

B. It has

C. It is

D. There are

7. This is the best film she ________.

A. sees

B. saw

C. has ever seen

D. have seen

8. You can go to bed after you ________ your homework.

A. finishing

B. have finished

C. finishes

D. finished

9. -How long have you ____ here ?

-About two months .

A. been

B. gone

C. come

D. arrived

10. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A.has begun

B. had begun

C. has been on

D.began

KEYS:

I. 1.was/were,been 2.came, come 3.went, gone 4.did, done 5. drank,drunk

6.gave,given

7. ate,eaten

8. knew,known

9. ran,run 10. saw,seen 11.bought, bought 12. began,begun

II. 1. have cleaned 2. Have finished, finshed 3.have… been

III. 1. never 2. already 3.for 4. ever, never 5.yet, just 6. since

IV. 1. have not 2.Why, hasn’t 3. have, bought 4.have studied, for

5.hasn’t he

6. How long

7. died, been dead

8. been away

V. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C

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