主语从句
一．主语从句的结构：主语从句+ 谓语动词+ （宾语）+ 状语或其他
That he failed the math exam surprised all of us.
That you joined us made all of us happy.
That he didn’t care for money was a lie.
Whether we’ll go out for an outing depends on the weather.
What he did added to our difficulty.
What surprised everybody was that he didn’t come to the meeting.
二、主语从句的词有从属连词、连接代词、连接副词。
从属连词：that，whether
1.that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。That he will win is certain.
That the earth travels around the sun is a well-known fact.
●注意: 由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免“头重脚轻”, 常用it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。
That he will win is certain.
=It is certain that he will win.
That the earth travels around the sun is a well-known fact.
=it is a a well-known fact that the earth travels around the sun
2.whether引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分,意思为“是否”
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
Whether you can do it by yourself mainly deoends on your ability,not your age.
Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter.
连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever,whichever
表疑问：who 谁，作主语，宾语，表语
whom 谁，作宾语
whose 谁的作定语
which 哪一个作定语，主语，宾语，表语
what 什么作主语，宾语，表语
Who she is doesn’t concern me.
Who you are looking for is not known to us.
Who can do such work is not easy to know.
Which team will win is uncertain.
Which should be chosen remains uncertain.
Whose watch was lost is unknown.
What had happened is still a mystery.
表陈述：what 所---的人/物/样子/地方等作主语，宾语，表语
What he wants is a new bicycle.
What I want to know is this.
What he says is not important.
What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal.
What you need is a good-sized canvas bag.
What really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes.
What is known is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
●whatever .whoever .whichever.whomever表陈述，作主语、宾语、表语等,
Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam.
Whoever told you that was lying.
Whatever(Anything that) she did was right.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
Whichever you want is yours．
连接副词：where,how,why,when （状语）
When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
How this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Where I spend my summer holiday is no business of yours.
How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。
三、形式主语it构成的主语从句
It + be + 名词+ that从句（a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, a good thing, no wonder等。）惯用句型有：
It is common knowledge that………是常识
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…事实是……
It is no wonder that …难怪……
It is a pity that …真遗憾
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.真遗憾，她犯了这样一个错误。
It is no wonder that he has passed the examination.难怪他考试及格了。
It is a shame that you have to leave so soon.你必须这么早离开，真遗憾。
It was a stupid thing that he didn’t listen to his teacher.他不听老师的话，真蠢。
It is a great honour that he receive that prize.他得到了那个奖真是无上的荣耀。
It is a fact that he cheated in the exam.
It + be +形容词+ that从句…
用于该句型中的形容词有：clear, obvious, true, certain, important, strange, natural, surprising, fortunate, good, wonderful, funny, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, quite clear, unusual等。
惯用句型有：
It is necessary that…有必要……
It is important that…重要的是……
It is obvious that…很明显……
It is likely that…有可能……
It is important that we (should) learn English well.我们学好英语是非常重要的。
It is necessary that the students (should) remember all the new words.学生记住所有的新单词是必要的。It + be + -ed 分词+ that从句
常见的过去分词有：said, reported, learned, announced, known, decided, expected, believed, considered, declared, felt, hoped, seen, supposed, thought, understood等。
惯用句型有：
It is said that…据说
It is reported that…据报道
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that…众所周知
It is thought that…大家认为
It is suggested that…据建议
It has been decided that…大家决定
It must be remembered that…务必记住的是
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that…不可否认……
It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……
It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit.据报道又一颗人造卫星送入轨道。It is said that he has gone to the USA for further study.据说他已去美国深造了。
It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知，光以直线运行。
It has been decided that we should design the machine ourselves.已经决定我们自己来设计这部机器。It + 及物动词+ 名词+ 从句
It makes no difference to me whether it’s foggy or clear.对我来说，天气有雾或晴朗没什么关系。
It + 不及物动词+ that分句
常见的不及物动词有：seem, happen, look, appear, come about, turn out, occur等。
惯用句型有：
It appears that…似乎……
It (so) happens (that)…（那么）碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It seems that …似乎……
It doesn’t matter (to sb.) + 从句（对）……都无所谓
It seems that he is sick. (= He seems to be sick.)看来他似乎有病。
It happened that he wasn’t there. (= He happened not to be there.)碰巧他不在哪儿。
It occurred to me that I forgot to send the email.
It doesn’t matter to me what he says.对我来说，他说什么都无所谓。
It doesn’t matter if we are late.我们就是晚到一点也不要紧。
●主语从句的谓语动词的虚拟语气，要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
(1) suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do
(2) important, necessary, natural, strange + (should) do
(3) a pity, a shame, no wonder + (should) do
It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
需要注意的是,it作形式主语时,要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较:
①It was reported that no country was under the terrorist attack last year.
②As was reported, no country was under the terrorist attack last year.
句意:据报道,去年没有国家遭到恐怖分子的袭击。
四：主谓一致：一般说来，单个的主语从句做主语，主句的谓语动词用单数。
That we go swimming every day does us a lot of good.
练习题
1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.
2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
3.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.
4.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
5.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.
6.____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
7._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.
8.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.
8._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
10.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
11.It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.
12. was most important to her，she told me，was her family.
13. matters most in learning English is enough practice.
14. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
15.It is none of your business other people think about you.Believe yourself.
16. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
17.They lost their way in the forest, and made matters worse was that night began to fall．
18. really matters is not whether you succeed or not，but rather whether you’11 try or not．
19.When faced with life and death decisions, a teacher can be expected to do is to protect students
with his or her own life．
20.. is responsible for this accident will be punished．
21. is known to everybody that Taiwan is part of China
22.. is known to us all is that the old writer，for life was hard in the past，still works
very rd in his eighties.
1. __________________________ (他在会上所说的) has nothing to do with you.
2. _______________________ (谁将赢得这场比赛) is still unknown.
3.__________________ was an end to all the armies of the world.(他所希望看到的是）
4. ___________________ remains a question.(谁杀死了这位科学家）
5. ______________________________ is still uncertain. (我们是否能控制洪水）
6. __________________________ is unknown.(车站将于何时竣工）
7. ________________________is what I want to know. (他们是怎样去美国的）
8.他在找什么与你无关。
9.他喜欢这种书，这件事非常有趣。他是否能来仍然是个问题
10.他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。
11.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。
高考英语一轮复习名词性从句精讲精练学案新人教版 名词性从句的几个难点 that通常不可省略的三种情况 (1)引导主语从句，that置于句首时。 That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed. 他考试不及格让父母很失望。 (2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。 I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai. 我希望今年夏天我们能去杭州旅游，并在返程时在上海买些书回来。 (3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。 He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan. 他已清楚表明不同意这项计划。 what和that在名词性从句中的区别 (1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing(s) that，引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数而定；what引导的从句可作介词的宾语从句。 What he wants are those books.他需要的是那些书。 What he wants is some water.他需要的是一些水。 A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一块废地的地方建造起来了。 (2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义；引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾语从句时，常被省略；that从句一般不充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。 That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely. (＝It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer.) 她不可能拒绝那个建议。 I have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out.
定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？ 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷） 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
定语从句：精讲精例精练 一、定语从句及相关术语 1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句, 一般紧跟它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 ①关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； ②关系副词：where, when, why等。 3. 关系词的作用： ①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人, 在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人, 在定语从句中充当宾语, 常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替, 可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物, 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时, 相当于who 或者whom；指物时, 相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人, 也可指物, 在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时, 常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时, 从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands. 词句精讲精练 【词汇精讲】 1. bow (1) bow作名词，意为“弓，弓形物”。例如： He raised his bow slowly and let the arrow fly. 他慢慢地举起弓，让箭飞出去。 The boy made a deep bow to the teacher and ran away. 那个孩子向老师深深地鞠了一个躬然后跑掉了。 (2) bow作动词，意为“鞠躬，低下头”。例如： He bowed his head in shame. 他惭愧地低下头来。 She bowed her thanks. 她鞠躬致谢。 Age had bowed his once straight back. 他年事已高,过去挺直的腰板弯了。 2. relax relax是动词，可以作不及物动词或及物动词，作及物动词时，宾语是人，表示“使某人放松；使某人休息；使某人轻松”。例如： Now I want to rest and relax. （作不及物动词） 现在我得休息一下，放松放松。 I need a cup of tea to relax myself. （作及物动词） 我需要喝杯茶使自己轻松一下。 【拓展】relaxed；relaxing (1) relaxed是形容词，意为“某人感到轻松、放松、不受拘束的”。指某人“感到”轻松。通常用来形容人。有类似用法的词有interested\excited\surprised\bored\tired。例如： He is feeling relaxed. = He is relaxed. 他感到很轻松。 The song can make me relaxed. 这首歌让我感到轻松。 (2) relaxing是形容词，意为“某事情令人轻松的”，指某事或者某物“令人”轻松。通常用来修饰物或事。有类似用法的词有interesting\exciting\surprising\boring\tiring。例如： The song is relaxing. 这首歌真使人轻松。 You can listen to relaxing music in the bath! 你可以边洗澡边听（令人）轻松的音乐。 3. effort (1) effort作名词，基本含意为“力气；努力”，作此解时只用作单数形式；effort还可以引申表示“努力；奋斗”，作此解时是可数名词；effort还可表示“作品；成就”，为可数名词。例如： It doesn’t need much effort. 那不需要太多的努力。 A great deal of effort has gone into this exhibition. 为了这次展览投入了很大力量。 His efforts were wasted. 他的努力都白费了。 Finishing the work in one day was a very good effort. 在一天内完成这项工作是努力的结果。 （2）effort 常用于以下短语make efforts/ make an effort/ make every effort中，意为“做出努力”，后面常接动词不定式，表示“努力做某事”。例如： The workers are making efforts to fulfill this year’s plan. 工人们正在努力完成今年的生产计划。
名词性从句---主语从句 1. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 2. Her wish is that she can lose weight soon. 3. I think that woman can reach every high achievements in many fields of science. 4. We were very excited at the news that our team had won. 引导名词性从句的关联词可分为三类： 一．从属连词：that（无任何词意） whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分二．连接代词：what, who, whom, which，whose, whatever, whoever, whichever(作主宾表定) 三．连接副词：when, where, how, why(作状语) I.主语从句 1.定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 2.位置：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 3.引导主语从句的关联词： (1)从属连词that,whether,if (在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用) That Jack won the match yesterday surprised us. Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. (此处不能用if) (2)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever(充当主宾表定) What she did is not known. Whoever comes is welcome. (3)连接副词where,when,how,why(在从句中充当状语) How this happened is not clear to anyone. When the meeting will be held is decided by our manager. 4.有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语放在句子末尾。 How the book will sell depends on its author. = It depends on its author how the book will sell. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. = It is obvious that he is the best student in the class. 用it作形式主语的几种常见结构： (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… It ap pears that… 似乎… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句
高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题十：名词性从句 名词性从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。 2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查名词性从句。 2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第71题（短文改错）考查了宾语从句的引导词，My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.本句中须将that改为where。 2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查了名词性从句。 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此，名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。 ①What was most important to her was her family.(主语从句) ②I don’t know what you want to say.(宾语从句) ③The good news is that we have won the game.(表语从句) ④The news that we have won the game is true.(同位语从句) 注意：连词that在引导名词性从句时无词义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，口语或非正式的文体中常被省去；疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。名词性从句一般都用陈述句 ．．．的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例如： ①The problem is what he has done to the little boy. ②We all don’t know when he will come. 1. 主语从句 在复合句中作主语的句子叫主语从句 主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who,which,whatever, whoever以及连接副词how,when,where, why等词引导。例如： ①That he stole a bike was true. ②What he wants to tell us is not clear. ③Who will win the match is still unknown. ④Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
定语从句 1什么是定语从句？ 由一个完整的句子充当定语的从句为定语从句。 2特点：和其它类从句比较，除了有引导词（关系词）定语从句有“先行词”。 3什么是先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词为先行词。 4定语从句的种类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 5定语从句引导词（关系词）的种类：关系代词和关系副词。 例：I work in a school which was built 50 years ago. 在此句中”school”为先行词，which 来引导定语从句，“which was built 50 years ago.”整句话来修饰先行词做定语，所以这是个定语从句。 注：定语从句的引导词通常置于先行词之后引导定语从句。（一）代词性引导词和副词性引导词，即关系代词和关系副词。代词性引导词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，副词性引导词有：when,where,why等，代词性引导词在定语从句中充当主语/宾语，副词性引导词在定语从句中充当状语。 注：what 不能引导定语从句，因为what从句属于名词性从句。（二）基本用法。 1．先行词性质不同要使用不同的引导词，先行词指人时，可用that,who,whom代指，who与whom的区别在于who是主格，在从
句中作主语，whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语，而that作主语/宾语均可。先行词指物时，用that/which代指，可见，that既可代指人的先行词，也可代指物的先行词。 例：Do you know the man that is standing by the door? 此句that 引导定语从句，代指先行词the man. 例：This is the book that I have been looking for . 此句that引导定语从句，代指先行词the book. 例：This is the book which I have been looking for. 此句which引导定语从句，代指先行词the book. 例：Do you know the man who is standing by the door? 此句who 引导定语从句，代指行行词the man,作从句的主语。也可用that引导从句，如” Do you know the man that is standing by the door?” 例：The lady whom we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown. 此句whom引导定语从句，代指先行词the lady，在从句中作宾语。也可用that引导即“The lady that we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown.” 例：As is known to all,China is a large country. As is know to all是个很常用的表达方式，这也是的定语从句，只不过它的位置不像别的定语从句在先行词的后面，本句as代指主句的含义“中国是个大国“。 As是一个特殊的引导词，引导定语从句时为代词。不像其他的
定语从句精讲精练 (一)关系代词的选用 1.首先找准先行词，并弄清先行词是人还是物。 2.必须弄清先行词在从句中所作的成分，这是选择关系代词的关键。 ⑴先行词指人，并在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用who/that; as； ⑵先行词指物，并在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用that/which/as; ⑶先行词指人、指物、并在从句中作表语，关系代词用that/as/who/which; ⑷先行词指句子，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词用which,as； ⑸先行词是“时间名词”，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用when; ⑹先行词是“地点名词”，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用where; ⑺先行词是reason ，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用why; ⑻先行词指人、物，并在从句中作定语，用whose,指物时，可与 the＋名词＋of which互换； ⑼先行词是way,manner等词，关系代词用that，in which,亦可省略； ⑽关系代词前有介词时，关系代词用which(指物),who(指人)。 3.选择关系代词时应注意的几点： ⑴that 不能放在介词之后作宾语， which,who则可以，如介词在句子后面时，也可用that,也可省略。 This is the room in which we lived last year.=This is the room we lived in last year.这是我们去年住过的房间。 ⑵that不能引导非限定性定语从句，其它关系词可以，引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。 We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.我们沿着村子的大街走去，村民们正在那里赶集。 ⑶as 引导定语从句，主句中的先行词常被such，the same或 so 修饰。the same...as 指“相类似的人（物）”，而 the same... that 指“同一人（物）。 We will give you such information as will help you in your work.我们将向你们提供有助于你们工作的资料。 This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。（相似性）
中考语法语态精练 【2019 ?福建】As one of the most exciting sports, volleyball __________ in the Olympic Games in 1964. A.included B. is included C. was included 2.【2019 ?安徽】The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ____ before the rainy season comes. A.is completed B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed 3.【2019 ?甘肃省敦煌市】 A baby's first month birthday is a special event i n China and _____ with a special Party. A.celebrates B. is celebrated C. was celebrated D. will celebrate 4.【2019 ?湖北省黄冈市】—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! —Sorry, Mum. It ___ _yesterday. I forgot to do it. A.didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned 5.【2019 ?江西省】Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she
名词性从句之高考真题精选（3） 1. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue. A. which B. where C. how D. what 2. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do__________ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ________ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one 5. I want to be liked and loved for __________I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how 6. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 7. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what 8. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not good enough. A. where B. how C. what D. which 9. The how to book can be of help to ________wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 10. Could I speak to ________is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 11. __________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. whichever 12. _______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 13. Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where
定语从句 一.定义： 定语：定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词或代词。定语从句：用来修饰主句中一个词或词组的句子，称为定语从句。 要素：先行词（主句中被修饰的词）；关系代词副词（从句的引导词） 考纲要求：对于定语从句要求掌握以下内容： 1. 引导限制性定语从句的关系词 2. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 4. 介词+关系代词用法 5. 不定代词数词+of which / wh引|r导的非限制性定语从句及其结构与并列句的判断 6. 关系词间的转换及选用 认识: Handsome boys = the boys who are handsome Beautiful flowers = the flowers which are beautiful 二.限制性定语从句： 限制性定语从句：这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。限制性定语从句 常由that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why,a引导。 （一）关系词：关系代词和关系副词 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词:that, who, whom, which, whose 用法： （1）.限制性定语从句中只能用that不用which的情况:
a. 先行词为不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, much, little, none, few, some 等不定代词修饰时用that。 He did everything that he could to help us. There is little that I can do for you. b. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时用that。 This is the best book that I 've ever read. This is the first thing that I want to say. c. 当先行词是one of, the one, 或者先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, few, jus等修饰时用that。 It is the one that you want. All the things that we can do is to give you some advice. It is the only thing that I like to do. d. 当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时用that。 They talked about the things and persons that they knew in the school. e. 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，用that Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate? Which is the star that is nearest to the earth? f. 先行词是主句的表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。 He is not the boy that he used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. (2) .限制性定语从句中只用which不用that的情况： a. 在非限制性定语从句中 She didn 't pass the exam, which made her sad. b. 关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. c. 先行词本身是that The clock is that which tells the time.
关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1. As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 He was honest, as/which we can see. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 which 指代整个句子不可置于句首只能位于主句后。 1. They d idn’t come to school on time, which made the teacher angry. 2. The sports meeting was put off, which astonished (吃惊）us greatly. 3. His father died last year, which made it impossible for him to go to school. 4. He didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed his parents. as 引导定语从句，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中和句末。 As we all know, China is a developing country. The number of the visitors, as we had expected, was over 200. China is a great country with a long history, a s is known to all. 注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,主句与从句有因果或并列，从句谓语动词是“系动词+adj" 使用which Our class has won the volleyball match, which is inspiring. Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad. Tom突然病倒，这使得我们很伤心。Which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系，因为他的病，所以我们伤心。 The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. 路太滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系，因为路滑，所以出事。 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more t han several times, which I don’t believe. (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
宾语从句精讲 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它在复合句中充当主句的谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。如：I know that the man is a policeman. 主句引导词从句 宾语从句三要素:连接词、语序和时态。 Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词 1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： My teacher said I was a good boy. 老师说我是个好男孩。 I am sure (that) he will succeed. 我相信他会成功的。 2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： (1) Is Jim a good student? I don’t know. →I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student. (2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know? →Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early? 注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况 ?①与or not连用：He asked me whether or not I was coming. ?②在介词之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain. ?③在不定式之前：We haven’t decided whether to go there. 3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如： (1).What is she doing? Can you tell me? →Can you tell me what she is doing? (2).Where does she live? Do you know? →Do you know where she lives? 当从句的原句以what, who，which等疑问词作从句主语时，语序不变： e.g. I don’t know what’s wrong with her. Can you tell me who is over there? Ⅲ.宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是任意时态。 I don’t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow. Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 特殊情况： 1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. 2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960. 宾语从句精练 1.I hope ________ it will snow this winter. A. when B. if C. whether D./
高中英语定语从句精讲精练定语从句（学生版） 【知识储备】 1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。 2、先行词为时间、地点名词时的两种不同选择。 3、“介词+which”与when, where和“介词+what”。 4、限制性与非限制性定语从句。 5、as和 which引导的非限制性从句之异同。 6、关系代词的省略。 7、定语从句与同位语从句之区别。 8、定语从句与强调句型之区别。 9、where, when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别。 1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。 1.Her sister has become a lawyer, ____she wanted to be. (05年高考湖北卷第29题) A. who B .that C .what D. which 2.____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(05年高考浙江卷第17题) A. When B. After C. As D. Since 3.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ____they are being trained. A. in that B. for that C .in which D. for which 4.---Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one ____you know I used to work for years. (05福建 A. that B. which C. where D. what 5.He was educated at a local grammar school, ____he went on to Cambridge. (05年高考山东卷第30题) A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this https://www.doczj.com/doc/f16657836.html,st month, parts of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____effects the people are still suffering. (05) A. that B. whose C. those D. what 7.If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A .that B. which C. when D. where 8.I have many friends, _____some are businessmen. (05年高考全国卷I第24题) A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 9.I walked in our garden, ____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. 05年 A. which B. when C. where D. that 10.What surprised me was not what he said but _____he said it. (04年高考湖北卷第29题) A. the way B .in the way that C. in the way D. the way which