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2014商志3147[最新版]_历年考研英语核心词汇必备

2014商志3147[最新版]_历年考研英语核心词汇必备
2014商志3147[最新版]_历年考研英语核心词汇必备

2014全国硕士研究生入学考试英语核

心词汇必备

编讲商志

主讲介绍:

★“考研路上最不可错过的一位英语老师”

★考研英语辅导史上划时代的人物,考研英语辅导高分神话的缔造者

★中国单词第一人,传奇考研英语写作创始人,启航

考研英语首席主讲

★直取本质,彻底破解,主讲的考研英语词汇班、写作班、强化班、全程班等创造了多项他人无法打破的记录

内部资料翻印

必究

注意:

1.本资料为考研英语3147个核心词汇系列资料部分。

2.本资料为传奇考研名师------ 商志老师教学团队版权所

有。

Unit One

vote v. /n. 投票

debate v. /n. 辩论,争论

authority n. 政府;权威专家,权威(人士)

occupation authorities 占领当局

be authorized to do 得到授权

be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利,有做…的权利

incurably ill patients 晚期患者terminally ill 晚期的,终期的convince v. 坚信,相信;令人信服word n. 消息

flash v./n. 闪现,,闪动,出现executive a.执行的n.执行官

chief executive 首席执行官

the right to… (有)做…的权利

have rights doing sth. 有权做某事society n. 协会,社团academic ~ 学术社团

specific society 具体的、特定的社团community n. …界, 团体;社会,社区legal community 法律界

scientific community 科学界

religious community 宗教团体

health research community 医疗研究团体

via prep. 经由,通过

post v. 张贴,发布;(在网上)发帖bulletin n. 公告,报告

import n. 重要性,重要意义;进口implications n. 含义,意义;暗示,启示

imply v. 暗示,推论出;蕴含着…implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的explicit a. 表达明确地,明白的

sink in 被了解alik deal with 安排,处理,思考

breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气association n. 协会

associate… with… 把…和…联系起来

bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地,厉害地

bill n. 法案,法律;账单

passage n. 通过;经过;道路,通道

tide n. 潮流,趋势

likely adj/adv. 很有可能,可能的= possible

be likely to 常常,很有可能

unlikely adj. 不可能= impossible

aging population 老龄化的人口

extend v. 延长,延伸,推广

life-extending technology 延长寿命的技

extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模

be extended indefinitely 无限期延长

get on with 继续做

have something to do with… 与…有关

have much to do with 与…很有关系

observer n. 观察者,旁观者

observe v. 观察,注意;评论

observation观察(报告),观察(结论);

评论

make observations 做评论

domino(es)多米诺效应(~ effect)

request v. 请求,要求

deadly adj. 致命的

dreadful adj. 可怕的;极大的

inject v. 注射,注入

pill n. 药丸

suffering n. 痛苦,受罪suffer v. 遭受

diagnose v. 诊断

cool off 平静下来,变凉

certificate n. 证明(书、证等)haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的,不易忘怀的

terrifying a. 可怕的,令人害怕的spiritual a. 精神上的

fight for 努力…,为…而努力

claw v. 抓(scratch)

mask n. 面具

object to 反对objection to objectionable 引起反对的,讨厌的objective adj. 客观的

objectivity n. 客观性

impartial adj. 公正,客观

share the same view on 对…持相同观点

be responsible for 对…负责(表示原因)significance n. 重要性,意义

calm a . 平静的,镇静的

intense a.强烈的,剧烈的(~ fear 非常担心)

characteristic n.(~s)特点,特色a. 特有的

be characteristic of 特点是= be typical of

be characterized by 特点是,以…为特点experience v./n.经历(= undergo=go through)

shared experience 共同的经历、经验perish v. 死亡,变腐败in peril 处在危险中

approve v. 赞同(approval)disapproval n.反对

indifferent a.漠不关心的,冷漠的(indifference)

carefree adj. 不关心的,冷漠的suspect v. 怀疑,不信

suspicion n. 怀疑,猜疑,不信

be suspicious of 表示怀疑

subjective adj. 主观的

biased adj. 有偏见的(= prejudiced)prejudice n./v. (持有)偏见= bias puzzling adj. 令人困惑的

puzzle v. 困惑word ~ 填字游戏puzzlement n.困惑,不明白的地方=confusion

confused adj.困惑的

confusing adj.令人不解的

confuse v. 茫然,困惑;混淆confusion n. 困惑,混淆

optimistic adj. 乐观的

optimism n. 乐观(精神)

pessimistic adj. 悲观的

pessimism n. 悲观(精神)

reserve v. 预留,保留;储备(金)reserved adj. 有保留的

reserve space 保留位置,空间

consent v. 同意

slight adj. 轻微的

enthusiastic adj.热情的

enthusiast n. 热衷者,狂热分子gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的

gloom n. 昏暗;暗淡

doom n. 末日,宿命gloom and ~ 悲伤沮丧

scary adj.令人害怕的,可怕的scar n. 伤疤

scared adj. 感到害怕的

Unit Two

consistent a. 一直的,一贯的,始终如一的

courteous a. 谦恭有礼的

court n. 法庭,法院,足球场frequently adv. 经常,频繁地(反义词rarely)

small-minded a. 小心眼儿的

ill-mannered a. 态度恶劣的,粗鲁的deserve v. 应该有,应该受到;值得comment on (做)评论

otherwise adv./adj. 原本,本来

dull a. 无趣的,无聊的(dullness)existence n. 存在;生存状态, 生活(life)typically ad. 通常,一般地(= generally)

distant a. 远的,距离远的

source n. 来源,本源;根源,原因=origin

diversion n. 娱乐;转移

diverse adj. 不同的,多种多样的diversity n. 多样化

program n. 项目;程序= project harsh a. 残酷的;严厉、苛刻的(harshness)

harsh realities残酷现实

frontier n. 边境,前方

shape v. 塑造,形成;外形,体形reshape v. 重塑

hospitality n. 友好,好客(~ to sb.)injure v. 伤害(injury)

turn to 诉诸,求助于,寻求…的帮助=

resort to

lodge n. 乡间小屋,旅社v. 借宿,临时住

cabin n. 小屋

settlement n. 住所

shelter n. 藏身处,避难处v. 保护,庇护

residence n. 住处,住宅;居住dwelling n. 住所,处所

dwell v. 住,居住

mere(ly)adj./adv. 仅仅,不过,只(= only)charitable a. 仁慈的,慈善的

impulse n. 冲动;推动,动力

on the part of…从…的角度(on my part在我看来)

reflect v. 反映,表现(= mirror);

反省,反思(~ on)reflection n.

weary a.疲倦的,筋疲力尽的(=exhausted)

tourist trails 旅游线路

pretty ad.相当地(~ soon非常一小会儿)pretty = fairly = rather

proper a.适当正确的,完全彻底的(properly)

casual a. 不经意的,偶然的,临时的casualness n. 随便,随意,非正式interpret v. 阐释,说明

interpret as 理解为,解释为

artificial a. 假的,人造的;矫揉造作的historically developed历史形成(发展而来)的

developed society 发达国家

emerging countries 新兴国家

As is true of…正如…一样

complex a.复杂的,综合的n. 大型建筑(群)

complicated a. 结构复杂的

a set of 一整套的

signal n. 信号

sign n. 迹象,征兆;符号

assume v.(没有根据地)认为,假定;承担

assumption n. 假设,假定,设想,认为

not necessarily 未必

underlie v.形成了,构成了(…的基础);强调

fail v. 失败fail to 不能,未能translate v. 转化;理解

more than 不仅仅是,远远胜过

brief a.短暂的,简短的in brief 简而言之

brief n. 概要,简短情况介绍encounter v./n. 相遇,遇到distinguish between 区分,区别value…highly 非常珍视

be interralated 相互联系

exercise v.行使,使产生~ an influence over…

manifest v. 体现,显现(~ oneself)~ation

manifesto n. 宣言,声明

exclusive adj.独一的(exclusive use单独使用)

equal v. 等于,相当于

entertain v. 招待,款待(=treat);使娱乐

out of 出于…

out of charitable impulse出于慈善的冲动flavor n. 风味

keep up 维持,持续(传统,习惯等)keep up with 跟上,追上

keep doing 一直,持续做某事

Unit Three

substance n. 物质

other than 除了(…之外)

rather than 而不是

technically a. 技术上,学术上technical progress 技术进步professional progress 职业发展

alter v. 改变

mental a. 精神的

drug n. 药品

term n. 术语,专用名词v. 把…叫做/称为

human term 普通人可以理解的说法refer to 指…,指的是;谈到,提及chemical n. 化学药品,化学制品addict n. 沉迷…的人v.(~ to)沉迷于addiction n. (to)上瘾,沉迷familiar a . 熟悉的

alcohol 白酒,酒精

tobacco n. 烟草

neutral a. 中性的

psychologist n. 心理医生,心理学家psychoactive作用于精神的,影响(改变)心理状态的

abuse v./n 滥用;虐待patient abuse虐待病人

make clear 解释,说明

misuse v. 误用,用错;使用…不当heroin n. 海洛因

cocaine n. 可卡因

pervasive a. 广泛的(= widespread)aspirin n. 阿司匹林

quiet v. 使安静;平息下来

sociable a. 社交的,增进友谊的

nerve n. 神经;勇气,胆量

apparent a. 显然的,明显的= obvious apparently adv. 显然,明显地constructive a. 建设性的

negative effects a. 副作用,消极作用impact n.深刻影响,冲击have significant ~ on

poison v 中毒,投毒(~ous 有毒的) perceptual v. 知觉的,感觉的perception n. 知觉,感觉

perceive v. 观察,感知

distort v. 扭曲,歪曲(~ion)repeated use 反复使用,再三使用repeated adj. 再三的,反复的,重复性的

lead to 导致,造成(= result in =cause)substance dependence 物质(药物)依赖be dependent on /upon 依赖于independent a. 独立的be ~ of不受…的限制

independence n. 独立

be marked by 以…为明显特征tolerance n. 容忍,承受(tolerate v. )

be tolerant of 容忍tolerate v. 忍受,容忍

desire n./v.期望,希望~ed effect预期的效果

appearance n. 表现;外表unpleasant n.令人不愉快的pleasure n.

快乐

withdraw v.撤销,撤退,收回(withdrawal n.)

symptom n. 症状

discontinue v. 停止,废止,放弃

affect v. 影响effect n. 影响;效果mood n. 情绪,心情

group v. 归类,分类= classify stimulate v.刺激(stimulant n.使人兴奋的物质)

depress v. 使压抑,使消沉,使沮丧depressant n. 使人镇静、情绪压抑的物质

illusion v.错觉(hallucination n.幻觉,幻想)

hallucinogens n. 迷幻剂

initially adv. 最初,起初(=originally);

第一,首先(= primarily)speed up 加速(slow down 减速,放缓)

activate v. 刺激,使活跃起来

primary a.初步的,首要的;主要的,重要的

primarily adv. 主要的

(=predominantly)

首先,第一(=firstly=initially)

primacy n. 首要地位,优势= predominance

variety n.多样性,各种各样a ~ of各种各样的

radical a. 根本的,彻底的,激进的radical change/reform 彻底的改革/变革state of consciousness 意识状态conscious a. 有意识的,有知觉的

be preferable to比…更让人喜爱,更可取,更好

preference n. 优先权,优惠preferential adj. 优惠的,优先的~ policies

in that 之所以这样是因为(解释原因)fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的overwhelming a. 压倒性的,无法抵抗的piercing a. 刺穿的,深刻的,感人的pierce v. 刺穿,刺透,刺fierce 激烈的

result from 由…而产生,来源于;原因是… = arise from = stem from…

be attributed to 归因于,归功于attribute… to…把…的原因归为

blame 归咎于, 责备

owe… to …原因在于,原因是= due to consumption n. 消费,消费量(consume v.)

production and consumption 生产与消费pattern n.模式,形式,方式standard ~ 标准模式

purpose n.目的(= intention)quantitative a. 定量的,按一定数量的application (to)n. 应用,使用technological application 科学技术的运用

apply v. (to)应用,适用于

employ v. 使用;雇佣

employer n. 用人单位;老板employment n. 使用;职位

part time employment 兼职工作

full time employment 全职工作

disease n. 疾病

positive a. 积极的(nagative a. 消极

的)

positive forces积极力量=driving forces推动力

Unit Four

contribute to 导致,促成;为…做了贡献

contribution n.促成因素(=contributing factors)

decline n./v. 衰退,下跌

economic/ moral decline 经济/ 道德衰退

declining adj. 处于衰退的a ~ industry fade v. 渐渐消失,衰弱,减弱

fading adj. 处于衰退的,日渐消失的falling adj. 日渐降低的,日益衰退的rising adj. 越来越多(大)的

=growing, soaring, increasing

fall v./n. 下跌,降低(fell,fallen)= drop rise v./n. 上升,增加(rose ,risen)on the rise/ decline 处于上升/ 下跌、衰退

accomplish v. 实现,完成,达到complete v. 完成,使完善

adj.完整的,完全incomplete不完全的

career n. 职业生涯

corrupt v. 腐蚀,使恶化 a. 腐败的various a 各种各样的,各不相同的times n. 时代

creative freedom 创作自由

bottom line 底线

core n./a. 核心(的),中心

take over 接管,接班,接任

late a. 已逝的,已故的alive adj. 活着的

raise stock price 提高股票价格

debt n. 债务

deal n. 交易dealership n. 经销商property n.财产intellectual property知识产权

restructure v.结构重组,调整结构,体制改革

reengineer v. 再设计,重新建造,结构重组

flap n./v. 辩论,辩护debate n. 争论,辩论

hip-hop 街舞

expression n. 表达~ freedom 表达自由

defend v. 保卫,辩护

defender n. 支持者,辩护人=supporter

defendant n. 被告

justify v. 证明…合理,为…而辩护

be justified 有道理

scientifically justified 科学上合理的justifiable adj. 合理的

defend/justify…on the grounds that/of 为…而辩护,理由是…

release v. 发表,发行issue v. under fire 受攻击

violent a. 暴力的,猛烈的

violence n. 暴力school violence 校园暴力

violate v. 违反,违背(规章等)= infringe violate the rules and regulations

test n./v. 测试,检验;试验democratic a. 民主的,大众化的column n. 专栏

lie in 在于

the widest possible latitude 最大的幅度dispute v./n.争执,争论beyond ~ 毋庸质疑

disputable a. 有争议的

irritating a. 令人愤怒的,使人气愤的compromise v./n.妥协,让步(=retreat ;=back off)

hard-line 强硬路线~ stand强硬立场

to some extent 在某种程度上=at some level

stockholder n. 股东,股票持有人

cite v. 引用,引证

balance n./v. 平衡

announce v. 宣布= declare

launch v. 发动,发起~ a drive to do sth.

drive v. 驱动,推动

driving force 推动力,驱动力

be driven underground 被赶到地下,暗处

develop v. 制定,培养;发展;研发develop standards 制定标准

distribute v. 分发,分配;发行,销售distribution n. 发行,销售;发放,分布

collection n. 收集

information collection and distribution信息的收集与发布

board n. 董事会;委员会

boss and board 管理层= the management

licencing board 执照颁发委员会

be supportive of 支持

oppositive adj. 相反的oppose v.

反对

insider n. 业内人士,知道内情的人士people associated with…与…有关联的人senator n 参议员

amendment n.(法律、合同等的)修改,修订

unite v. 团结,联合为一

Unit Five

monetary a. 金融的,货币的

steer v. 驾驶,驾驭

land v. 着陆(take off 起飞,猛增)brake n./v. 闸;刹车

precise a. 精确的

far from the truth 远非事实

variable a. 不确定的,易变的

effect(on …)n. 影响(= influence on )hence adv. 因此就出现了,因此就有了analogy n. 类比

nanlogous adj. 相当于,类似于conduct v./n 进行…行为;行为

(~ online transactions进行网上贸易)liken…to…v. 把…比作…

crack v. 破裂,破碎

rear v. 后部的,后面的

view n. 景色,风景;观点,看法

faulty a 有缺点的,不完美的

banker n. 银行家

boast v. 值得夸耀,引以为豪

double-digit 两位数

poll v. 投票选出

percentage n. 百分比

favorable a 有利的capacity n. 最大承受力(能力),最大承受量(容量)

utilization n. 利用,使用

prove v. (结果)竟然是,原来是,证明是;证明

thrilling n. 令人激动的

follow v. 遵循,按照…去做comparable a. 可比较的,可比作extremely a. 极端地,非常地

last v. 持续(一段时间)

amaze v. 令人吃惊,使吃惊

amazing a.神奇的,奇异的

Unit Six

it doesn’t help that 无法阻止,无法避免capture v. 吸引, 引起;俘获,夺取(~ one’s attention/ imagination)

giant dam 巨大的水坝

gigantic adj. 巨大的= giant=titanic

at the mercy of 任凭… 摆布

drought n. 干旱(flood n. 洪涝)

ideal n. 理想 a. 理想的

give up on… as an ideal 放弃…的理想do one’s bidding 听从某人的吩咐fascinating adj.令人着迷的,迷人的fascination n.着迷,异常兴奋

be fascinated(with )对…着迷

project n.(各类)建设项目;研究项目,计划

threaten(to do)有…的危险,威胁(到)= risk

threat n. 威胁

symbol n. 象征

strive to do something / for something努力奋斗

assert oneself 表现自己

cement v. 巩固,加强

bid n. 出价,投标

bid for(投标)竞争,争取得到overbidding过高出价

status n. 地位;状态

tend to 往往,通常会

intend v. 打算,目的在于~ doing/to do sth.

be intended to do目的在于

tendency n. 趋势

trend n. 趋势,倾向

deprive somebody of something 剥夺,夺去…

fertile adj. 土地肥沃的, 多产的

silt n. 淤泥

in return for 作为…的回报

reservoir n. 水库

barely adv. 几乎不= hardly generate electricity 发电

myth n. 神秘事件,神话;荒诞的说法mythical adj. 令人神往的,想象的,虚构的

persist v. 持续, 坚持

persistent adj. 没完没了的

civilized adj. 文明的,进步的= civil civilize v. 让… 变得文明,使文明stop (short of) doing停止了做某事(差点做了…)

troops n. 军队(= forces )contention over 竞争,争夺…(contend v. )

contend v.主张;竞争,斗争(contention

n. )

give the go-ahead 允许,许可

wrong-headed adj. 执迷不悟的,固执错误的

even though 即使= even if although ( = though ) ad. 尽管,虽然destruction n. 毁灭,破坏

the powerful 权贵,强势阶层

the powerless 平民,群众

far from 远非,根本不是,根本没有far beyond 远远超过,远非

resolve v. 决心;解决(同问题、分歧连用)

conflict n. 冲突,斗争,摩擦hydroelectric power 水力发电irrigation n. 灌溉

monster adj. 庞大,巨大的

shut one’s eyes to reality 对现实视而不见

neglect v. 忽视,忽略

negligence n. 忽视

vital adj. 致命的,至关重要的

vitality n. 生命力,活力

concern v. 与…有关n. 担忧,关切concerning prep.就…而言;与…有关concerned 相关的(后置修饰词)voice one’s concern 公开声明对…表示关注

mild/serious/hightened concern

稍稍/严重/高度关注

be concerned about/with 关心,担心,重视

strengthen v. 巩固,加强

weaken v. 消弱,使变弱

strengths and weaknesses 长处和不足之

international ties 国际关系

universal adj. 普遍的n. 普遍情况universalize v. 普及,使普遍= popularize

no use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收haste n. 匆忙(贬义)= rush

hasten v. 加速

leap v. /n. 跳跃,跳,飞跃

Unit Seven

tale n. 故事,童话

corporation n. 大公司

corporate adj. 公司的

international/multinational corporation 跨国公司

incorporate v. 包含,加入;合并revival n. 复兴,振兴,重生establish v. 建立,确立;公认,确定established adj. 确定的,既定的

well-established adj.得到广泛公认的~ tend

productive adj. 生产力的;多产的productivity n. 生产力

revolution n. 革新,变革revolutionary adj. 革命性的

preside over v. 主持,负责

president n.总统,总裁,大学校长vice ~ 副的

official adj.正式的,官方的~ status官方地位

statistics n. 统计数字,统计学

mildly adv. (mild adj. )轻微的,适度的lump…together v. 合起来manufacturing n. 制造~ industry 制造业

manufacturer n. 制造商

on average 平均(只用于数字或人的资质)

previous adj. 以前的,过去的acceleration n. 加速,加速度

due to 因为

rebound n. 反弹

cycle n. 循环,周期business ~ 商业周期

recycle v. 再利用,循环使用conclusive adj. 结论性的,充分的~ evidence

inconclusive adj. 不充分的,不足以下结论的

evidence n. 证据(不可数名词)treasury secretary n. 财政大臣,财政部长

disjunction n. 分离,不吻合,出入anecdote n. 趣闻,轶事

downsize v. 裁减,精简

overall adj. 整体,全部的,总的factor n. 因素,要素

joint adj. 共同的,联合的

join v. 连接,结合

equipment n. 装备,设备,装置machinery n. (总称)机器,机械profitable adj. 赢利的

profit n. 利润

switch (to) 转向

matter much 关系很大,很有关系speculate (on) v. (对…进行)预测,推测

speculative adj. 预测的,猜测的ineptly adv. 不适当地,不理想地spread v. 分布, 传播, 蔓延widespread adj. 广泛的,普遍的

be evenly spread 平均分布,均衡分布的suppose v. 假设,猜想,想象academic v. 学者,大学教师 a. 学术的

former adj. 过去的n. 前者

colony n. 殖民地anti-colonial反殖民主义的

chain n. 连锁机构

crude adj.未经加工的;粗糙的,粗放型的

crude oil 原油

bakery n. 面包店

toast v. 举杯庆祝

case n. 情况;;案例,例子;(法律)案件

in many cases 在很多情况下

revenue n. 年收入,财政收入colleague n. 同事,伙伴= company mechanistic adj.机械的mechanism n.机制

mechanical a.机械的,机械似的mechanical learning 机械的学习

in a…fashion以…方式,方法(= in a…manner)

version 版本;说法

chop out 削减

give thought to (n) 考虑

sufficient adj.足够的,大量的sufficiency n.

long-term adj. 长期的~ prospect 远景in a short term 短期内

blunt adj. 直率,直言不讳的dismiss… as… 认为…不过是…consultant n. 顾问( = advisor ) consultancy n. 咨询

ambulance n. 救护车

turning point 转折点

recovery n. 复苏;复原,恢复exclude v. 排除,除去…之外

include v. 包含,包括

fall short of 落后于,达不到(目标),不如

anticipation n.预测anticipate v. 预测,预计

the true state of 真实情况

pose a question / challenge提出问题/ 挑战

raise a question 提出问题

question v. 怀疑,质疑= suspect questionnaire n. 问卷reply n. 答复,回答

put forward提出(观点) (= pose v.提出,造成)

unquestioned claim 毋庸质疑的论点reform n. 改革(liberal reform 自由改革)

essential(for/to)adj.关键,至关重要的,核心的

a bunch of 一帮,一捆,一串

good-for-nothing n.无价值的,无用的人;废物

Unit Eight

uneasy adj.不自在、不稳定的;困难、艰

难的

aspect n. (问题等的)方面

rebel v.反叛,叛逆

rebelling beliefs 叛逆的信念、信仰

trial n. 审判;试验

Catholic Church 天主教

remark n./v. 话,言语harsh remarks

make a passing remark 短暂发言,说话worldview n. 世界观

schism n. 裂隙,分裂

deepen v. 加深,深化

humanities n.人文学科

humanity n.人文主义精神

if anything 如果有的话

afford to do 有条件、有资格做某事critic n. 批评者,评论家criticize v. 批评

critical(ly) adj. 缜密严谨的;批评的;

至关重要的

think critically 批判地思维/思想

think independently 独立地思考

ignore v. 忽视

be completely ~ed 完全遭到忽视

fund n.资金v. 出资,拨款,资助

funding n.资助

over-funding 拨款过度

under-funding 拨款不足

anti-science n. 反科学

notably adv. 引人注目地,显著地assemble v. 集合;组装

find fault with 批评,挑…的毛病social status 社会地位

sociology n. 社会学

sociologist n. 社会学家philosopher n. 哲学家,思想家philosophy n. 哲学,人生准则,生活方式

create v. 创造(creation n. 创造,创造物)

creativity n. 创造力

creature n. 生物

creationism n. 上帝造人说

evolution n. 进化;物种进化论phenomenon n. 现象(phenomena 复数)

contradict v. 与… 矛盾

contradiction n.矛盾

contradictory adj. 相矛盾的

self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的

on the contrary 相反

contrast n. 对照,对比(不同点)survey n./v. 调查;纵览,通盘考虑reveal v. 显示,显示出;揭示,揭露;泄露

tag n. 标签v. 贴标签(= label )label v./n. (贴)标签,标示

epithet n.称号

attach… to… 将… 联系在一起

attach importance to… 强调,重视…advocate v. 提倡,倡导n. 倡导者eliminate v.消除,淘汰,剔除(elimination n.)

smallpox n. 天花

virus n. 病毒

virtue n. 美德

scorn v. 蔑视

long for 渴望,盼望

utopia n. 乌托邦,理想完美境界,理想状态

biological utopia 生物学上的理想状态environmentalist n.环保主义者,环境保护论者

essay n. 文章,散文article n. 文章

inevitable adj. 不可避免的,必不可少的

respond forcefully/strongly to 对…做出强有力的反应

respond to对…做出反应

correspond to… v. 与… 有关,相一致corresponding adj. 相应的

pioneer n. 先驱,先锋

global warming 全球气候变暖depletion n. 损耗,枯竭

ozone layer 臭氧层

consequence n. 后果

logical consequence 合理结果,逻辑结论

consequent adj. 随之而来的,作为结果的

consequently adv. 因此= thus = therefore

note v. 注意到;写道n. 注释explanatory note 注释

heavy note 很浓的意味,明显特征denote v. 指示,表示的是

have… in common 共同点是

common adj. 共有的,共同的

annoy v. 惹恼,激怒,令…不快annoying employees 惹人生气的雇员confront v. 面对,挑战

confrontation n. 对抗,冲突,不和separation n. 分裂,分离

separate adj. 独立的,各自的,分离的earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭

earn v. 挣钱,赚得;博得,得到contempt n.鄙视,蔑视,看不起

earn the contempt of sb. 受到鄙视contemptible adj. 让人鄙视的,可鄙的greedy adj. 贪婪的

show sympathy with/for 表示同情、同感in sympathy with 同情

sympathetic adj.表示同情的;赞同、支持的

compassionate adj.表示同情的,有同情心的

exemplify v. 举例说明,例证context n. 上下文,语境

Unit Nine

emerge v. 出现= appear emergence n. 出现

emerge as v. 以…面貌出现emerging countries 新兴国家

emerging economies 新兴国家的经济census n.人口普查

head-counting n.数人数,人口普查regional adj. 地区性的

national a. 全国性的

worldwide a.世界范围的

compete with 与… 竞争

competitor n. 竞争者

fierce/ intense competition激烈竞争competitive adj.竞争的

anti-competitive force 反竞争的力量competitiveness竞争性,竞争力

fading/growing competitiveness 越来越强/弱的竞争力

competently adv. 合格,有效地incompetently adv. 不合格,不称职地standstill n. 停滞不前

enthrone v. 使成为首位,是名列…之首

densely/thinly populated人口稠密(稀少)的

be populated with/by 充满了,充斥着numerically adv.从数字上显示,从数字方面

ever recorded/witnessed 有历史(记载)以来

decade n. 十年

gain n. 上升,增长(= rise)

add up to 总数为

annual adj. 每年的,每年一度的

the Depression years 经济大萧条的年代migrate v. 迁徙

immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民移民immigration n.迁移,移民(进入一地区或国家)

prevail v. 普遍,,盛行

prevalent adj. 流行的,主导的

drop out of 离开,掉出,退出

shift v. /n. 转换,变化,转移,转嫁shift (from…) to…转向

major shift主要变化,重要变化

wave n. 浪潮,潮流(= trend )one wave after another 一波接一波的the snow-belt 冰雪地带

the sun-belt 阳光地带

role n. 角色,作用play a role 起作用

play a key role 起到关键作用

baby boom生育高峰期,婴儿潮child-bearing adj.育龄的,怀孕的

crop n. 收获,收割

generation n. 一代(人)

two-generation household 由两代人组成的家庭

demography n. 人口统计学

related adj. 有关,相关的closely related to

career-related adj. 与工作有关的instance n. 例子,实例

rapid adj. 迅速的,飞快的

rap n. 说唱

vast adj. 广大的,巨大的

vastly = greatly = broadly

devastate v. 毁坏,破坏

be composed of 由… 组成的

square n./a. 平方(的)~ meters 平方米

flight n. 逃跑;远离

bearable adj. 可以忍受的

dramatize v. 明显体现出

drama n. 戏剧

dramatic adj. 剧烈的;巨大的~ changes 巨变

dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息dramatically adv. 大幅度地

spacious adj. 宽敞的space n. 空间

smog n. 烟雾

crime n. 刑事犯罪

criminal a. 有罪的n. 罪犯

plague n. 瘟疫,通病

urbanization n. 都市化

urban a. 城市的

suburban adj. 近郊的,城市边缘的

rural a. 农村的

rate n. 比率;费率

interest rates 利率divorce rate离婚率

crime rate犯罪率birth rate出生率inflation rates通货膨胀率

ratio n. 比例sex ratio 男女性别比例

reason n. 理性;原因v. 推理reasonable a.合理的

considerably adv. 相当大的,非常(= vastly)

perplex v. 困扰,迷惑

perplexing adj. 令人困惑的

witness v. 见证,目击n. 目击者,证人

undergo v. 经历了= experience distinguish oneself from others使自身与众不同

stress n. 压力v. 强调stress…over…v. 强调…比…更重要climatic influence 气候影响

climate n. 气候

highlight v. 强调(= stress )continuous adj. 连续不断的continual adj. 频繁的,不断的elaborate v. 详细阐述,精心制作delayed adj. 迟到的delay v. 延迟,耽误

unanimously adv. 一致地democracy n. 民主

be engaged in 从事,忙于conservative a. 保守的n. 保守的人cling to something 坚持= stick to Unit 10

scatter v. 遍布,散乱分布

the globe n. 地球

isolate v. 分离,隔绝

isolated adj. 分离的,隔绝的

region n. 地区

volcano n. 火山volcanic activity 火山活动

geology n. 地质学geologist n. 地质学家

geological feature 地质特点

geological publication n. 地质学出版物

hot spot 热点

boundary n. 界限

drifting plate 漂移的板块

drift away 漂走

make up 占…(比例)(= account for)

组成(be made up of…由…构成)

弥补,化妆

surface n. 表面

interior n. 内部 a. 内部的

trail n. 踪迹,痕迹,路线tourist ~s;volcanic ~s

milestone n. 里程碑

mark v. 标志着markedly adv. 显著地

complementary adj. 互补的coastline n. 海岸线

span v. 横跨,横越n. 跨距,跨度attention span 注意力集中时间段

life span寿命

ocean n. 海洋

oceanic adj. 海洋的

reminder n. 提示,提醒的人或物remind v. 提醒,使想起

continent n. 大陆

continental plate 大陆板块

relative adj. 相对的

motion n. 动作,移动(= mobility )

mobile adj.(可)移动的,流动的mobility n.

orbital motion 有轨道的运动

construct v. 建造,构造;构思,构想,想象

in detail adv. 细节的,详细的

detail n. 细节

with respect to关于…,在…方面,与…有关

= in terms of = regarding readily adv. 轻易地,容易地translate… into… 将… 解释为determine v. 确定,决定

in opposite directions 向不同方向stationary adj. 固定的,静止不动的respectively adv. 各自地,分别地anchor v. 固定在,停留n 节目主持人

layer n. 层,层次

measuring instrument 测量工具,测量仪器

measure n. 措施;衡量指标,测量方法conventional measures 常规的指标measurable adj. 可以衡量的

analysis n. 分析self-analysis n. 自我分析

senior analyst 高级分析师be confined to something 被限制于,局限于

frame n. 框架,范围

reference n. 参考

geophysical adj. 地球物理学的

propel v. 推动,推进,加速

broad adj. 宽阔的,巨大的,广泛的broaden v. 拓展

fissure n./ v. 缝隙,裂痕(= crack )entire adj. 完全的,整体的

entirely adv. 完全地,彻底地

entirely reasonable 完全合理的

entirely different story 完全不同的情况initiate v. 开始,引发

take initiative 积极行动,采取主动medical initiative 医疗动机

formation n. 形成

mutability n. 变形;易变性consistent adj.一直的,一贯的~ly adv. 一直

inconsistency n. 不一致,变化

apart adv. 分开

dome n. 拱型,圆屋顶

be deducted from 由… 推论出

stable adj. 稳定stability n. 稳定

Unit 11

rough adj. 粗糙的,粗略的;困难,复杂

roughly adv. 大约,大致(后跟数字或数目)

slip v. 滑倒

warning n. 警告

warn of/against提醒注意…,发出关于…

的警告

disaster n. 灾难catastrophe n. 大灾难

tragedy n. 悲剧,灾难

lawsuit n. 法律诉讼

sue v.起诉appeal v. (to,for)上诉,申诉

compensate sb. for 赔偿,补偿compensation n. 赔偿,补偿

or so 大约

jury n. 陪审团

hold v. 认为,主张;保持

be liable for adj. 负法律责任,对…应负责任

be liable to 易…的,有…可能的

liability n. 义务,法律责任misfortune n. 不幸

fortune n. 运气;财富;财产状况,经济状况

cautious adj. 小心谨慎的

caution n./v. 小心谨慎;警告precaution n. 预防,防范,警惕appropriate adj. 正确,适当的= proper

inappropriate subject 不恰当的题材drug interaction 药物过敏,药物交互作用

interact with 互动,相互作用interactive adj. 互动的

interactivity n. 互动性

federal adj. 联邦的

regulation n. 管理规定,规则regulate v.规范,管理

regular adj. 规则的,标准的;定期的regularity n. 规律性,规则性customer n. 顾客,消费者

client n.顾客,客户

potential customer 潜在顾客,可能的顾客

customize n. 量身定制,定做,用户化take somebody to court 将…告上法庭turn the tide潮流倒转,逆转潮流reverse the trend 逆转这一潮流,逆转这一趋势

claim n. 索赔;主张;宣称,声称unquestioned claim 毋庸置疑的言论proclaim v. 宣称(= claim)

side with / back up 支持

paralyze v. 麻痹,瘫痪

paralysis n. 瘫痪

parallel n. 类似事物或做法a.平行的unparalleled adj.无以伦比的= unmatched

unsurpassed might无法超越、空前的巨大力量

unprecedented a. 史无前例的,空前的precede v. 先于,在… 之前(发生)proceed to 着手做,进入(下一个议程或项目)

athlete n. 运动员

institute n. 学院,机构

judge n. 法官v. 判断judgement n.判断

justice n. 司法;正义;法官recommendation n.建议;推荐recommend v. 建议;推荐counsel v. 建议

carry v. 有,蕴含着,承载着

carry substantial weight 很有分量substantial adj. 相当大的;相当多的

= considerable

weight n. 分量,重量

issue v. 发布,出台n. 问题,争端,事务

guideline n. 指导,方针,大纲

tort law 侵权法

state v. 声明,陈述,规定statement n

bombard sb. with… v. 用…狂轰滥炸

lengthy adj.(演说、文章等)冗长的= tedious

lengthen v. 延长shorten v. 缩短get buried 被掩埋,被忽略= be buried

triviality n. 琐碎的事务

draft v. 起草n. 草案,草稿moderate adj. 适度,中等的

have one’s way 按照…的愿望行事,顺利进行

for the benefit of / in the interest of 为了…的利益

find fault with 找茬,挑错

promise v. 承诺n. 前途intellectual promise 读书方面的前途political promise 政治前途

promising adj. 有前景的

inadequacy n. 不足,不完美inadequate adj.不够充分的,不完全,不够的

make the best use of 充分利用

be / feel obliged to do不得不demonstrate v.说明,显示,表明= illustrate discard v. 抛弃

discard… in words 口头,表面上抛弃

Unit 12

web business = internet commerce

= online transaction 在线商务,互联网贸易

anti-consumerism 反消费主义,抵制消费第一的观念

consumer n. 消费者

culture of consumption 消费文化medical consumer 医疗消费者

fashion n. 时尚v.制定,开发,研发(=develop)

attain a certain fashion 一定程度上得到流行

old-fashioned a. 落伍的,过时的fashionable a. 时髦的,流行的revolve around v. 围绕…展开或进行tap v. 开发~ the market 开发市场

make sense 合理,行得通;有意义nonetheless adv. 然而,但是(= nevertheless )

hesitate v. 犹豫,犹豫不决

doubt v. 怀疑self-doubt n. 自我怀疑

doubter n. 怀疑者dubious a. 半信半疑的

reliable adj. 可靠的fairly ~ 相当可靠的

reliability n. 可靠性

trust v./n. 信任n. 托拉斯,大型垄断企业

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