2018届高三英语一模汇编----阅读理解C
【黄浦区】
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
( C )
①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr T anya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.
②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.
③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’(have a look), became ‘avacaptains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.
④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bush fire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh –it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’and anti-authoritarian attitude.
⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’relaxed attitude.
63. The underlined word “egalitarianism”is closest to __________ in meaning.
A. criminality
B.cruelty
C. equality
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f716170043.html,ernmentalism
64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?
A. They use more slangs than other people.
B. They give new meanings to existent words.
C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.
D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.
65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?
A. Kangaroos’living conditions are getting tougher.
B. Forest fires threaten Australians’life to a great extent.
C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.
D. Australians’jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.
66. The passage mainly talks about __________.
A. how the late 1700s impacted Australia
B. why Australians enjoy casual life so much
C. what contributes to Australians’relaxed lifestyle
D. how Australians present their attitude towards life
答案;63-66 CCDD
【虹口区】
Section B
Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(C)
Crude awakening
A battle between two energy exchanges
[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange(NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit (公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brentcrude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark （基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.
[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE
did away with its morning open-out cry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.
[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders—is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until2017, for its trading floor in London.
[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent(each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.
[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.
[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as
across the Atlantic.
63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.
A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading form
B. partners that benefit each other in their business activities
C. rivals that are competing in the oil trading market
D. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice
64. The word “glitches”in Line 2, Paragraph 4most probably means __________.
A. backwardness
B.disappointments
C. engineers
D.problems
65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.
A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is falling
B. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than Dublin
C. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of Ireland
D. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year
66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.
A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businesses
B. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shown
C. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each other
D. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better
答案：63-66: C D B A
【浦东新区】
Section B
Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read.
C）
Dental health: Brush with confidence
Children should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some People, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.
The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay. To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr. Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.
Their “volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.
Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria
which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to-nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.
Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of on going research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.
63.What does “hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?
A.Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.
B.Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.
C.Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.
D.Somegenes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.
64.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .
A.whether genes have anything to do with dental decay
B.which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teeth
C.what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decay
D.why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth
65.Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?
A.Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.
B.The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.
C.The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.
D.Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.
66.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.
B.What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.
C.Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.
D.Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.
答案：63-66 DADA
【长宁区】
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.
( C )
Many United States companies have made the search for legalprotection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, theUnited States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreigngovernments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when nounfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has beeninjured by imports is sufficient
grounds to seek relief(救济).
Contrary to the general impression, this request for importrelief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin tofunction globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, andresearch relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikelythat a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all theunits under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the dangerthat foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companiesthe laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned companyestablishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitormakes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injuryfrom the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from aforeign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’sproducts will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would besubject to duties.
Perhaps the mostshameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) thatCanadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumpingrock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that aforeign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was cryingfor help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “UnitedStates”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the“Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was thesecond-largest domestic producer of rock salt.
63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________
A. arguingagainst the increased internationalization of US corporations
B. warning thatthe application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences
C. recommending auniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices
D. advocating theuse of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for otherimports.
64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC____________.
A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fairmarket value.
B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of productsshipped to the US.
C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exportingproducts.
D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale ofimports in the US.
65.What is the function of the last paragraph?
A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas forresearch.
B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.
C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previousparagraph.
D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.
66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?
A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in theUS.
B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain moreprofits.
C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade withother nations.
D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily helpother units.
答案：BDCD
【徐汇区】
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(C)
More than fivemillion different kinds of organisms(生物体) liveon the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organizethis diversity(多样性). Inthe eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist namedCarolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms thatwe use today.
Linnaeuscontributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He firstdeveloped a convention for naming life forms.
Before Linnaeuscame up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for asingle species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeusdecided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts,one indicating the genus(plural:genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specificname of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless sincemany different species in different genera have the same specific name. Thespecific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species.Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. Whenthe genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that thename refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.
Linnaeus was alsothe originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的)groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, calledkingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each ofthese kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus issingular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to sharedphysical characteristics.
Although moderntaxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classificationsystem as well as his method of grouping organisms according to
observablesimilarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changedLinnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. Allliving things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains thereare kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed byclass, order, family, genus, and species.
In addition to theLinnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi asseparate kingdoms. The prokaryotesare the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallestcellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in manyenvironments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a varietyof single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, thoseorganisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi havecell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, theyacquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by otherorganisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.
63. The writer gives the scientific name of thedomestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.
A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classification
B. introduce the need for a better system of namingorganisms
C. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s namingsystem
D. illustrate the necessity of including two partswhen naming organism
64. Which of the following can be learned fromthe passage?
A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system forclassifying is no longer in use.
B. Linnaeus’s original system of classificationconsisted of 3 domains.
C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification isused today with little modifications.
D. Modern taxonomists have added categories andregrouped organisms.
65. Which of thefollowing is TRUE about protists?
A. They do not share the characteristics of any of theother four kingdoms.
B. They are grouped together based on similarcharacteristics.
C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.
D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.
66. Which of the following might be the besttitle of the passage?
A. The Father of Modern Taxonomy
B. Classifying Organisms
C. Development in Life Forms
D. Linnaeus’s Classification System
答案：63-66 DDAB
【闵行区】
Section B
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read．(C)
One of the main challenges facingmany countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalizationand the growing mult-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economicfailure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few importantexceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independentAfrican states.”said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Studyof Alternative Education in South Africa at the
University of Cape T own.
In response to the spread ofEnglish and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, manycountries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. Insome, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in publicspaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions wasthe 1994 “Toubon law”in France, but the idea has been copied in many countriessince then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissedas futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultyin controlling fashions in speech and know from research that languageswitching among bilinguals is a natural process.
It is especially difficult fornative speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity”ofa language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continuallyabsorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixedand rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrierto acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many nativeEnglish speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it hasnever been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had astate-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to theAcademic Francaise in France.
The need to protect nationallanguages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially theneed to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields.Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted bytechnology, may be key fields to defend.
63.Neville Alexander believes that?
A.mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries
B.globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa
C.globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trends
D. lackof mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure
64. Theunderlined word “futile”(in paragraph 2) most probably means ““.
A.workable
B. practical
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f716170043.html,eless
D. unnecessary
65. Whydo many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts describedin the passage?
A. Theythink language protection laws are ineffective.
B. Theywant their language to spread to other countries.
C. Theyhave a long history of taking words from other languages.
D. Itreduces a language’s ability to acquire international importance.
66. Whatcan we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Englishhas taken over fields like public communication and education.
B. Manyaspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.
C. Mostlanguage experts believe it is important to promote a national language.
D.Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.
答案：DCCB
【普陀区】
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(C)
Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will buildmachines that are smarter than
weare. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin toimprove themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligenceexplosion”. The process could get out of control.
The concern is really that we will build machines that are much morecompetent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about howwe relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them.In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on thesidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of ourgoals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will oneday build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us withsimilar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligentmachines. We have problems that we desperatelyneed to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that aremore intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that wecan’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a designof superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfectlabor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work,powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’retalking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of mostintellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?
What would some nations do if they heard that some company in SiliconValley was about to deploy ( 配置) a superintelligent AI? This machine wouldbe capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的)or cyber, with unbelievable power.
Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AIare likely to perceive
(感知) themselves as being in a raceagainst all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seemslikely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyedin the next moment.
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source ofintelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sortof god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.
63.When an intelligent machinebecomes smarter than humanity, .
A.it will make itself better andmay go beyond human control
B.it will help people to thefullest, especially in physical work
C.it will threaten people byrobbing them of jobs
D.it will view itself as humanrace
64.The underlined word“divergence”in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as “”.
A.connection
B. hatred
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f716170043.html,petition
D. disagreement
65.How is the passage mainlydeveloped?
A.By making comparisons.
B.By showing valid evidence.
C.By giving assumptions.
D.By analyzing statistics.
66.Which of the following is thebest title of the passage?
A.For the God’s sake, stop AI andbe yourselves!
B.Can we build AI without losingcontrol over it?
C.For or against AI, that is thequestion!
D.How does superintelligence servethe people?
答案：63-66 ADCB
【金山区】
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read. (C)
For many years, humans have tried to find thesecret to staying young. Although it has yet to be discovered, we may be closerthan ever to finding a way that can slow down the aging process.
A recent study by researchers from DukeUniversity in the US found that cutting one’s daily intake of calories couldslow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to youryouthful looks a little longer.
Previous research has shown that calorierestrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice. So researchers wondered if itcould have the same effect on people.
To find out, Daniel Belsky and her teamexamined data from a study by the National Institute on Aging, based in the US,which involved 220 people. During the two-year study, 145 people in therestriction group cut their calorie intake by 25 percent. Meanwhile, 75 peoplein the control group maintained their normal diets.
At the start of the study, the two groups hadno difference in biological age. The average participant was 38 years old, witha biological age of 37. However, after each 12-month period,
participants inthe restriction group saw an increase in biological age by an average of0.11years. Meanwhile, those in the control group saw a rise by an average of0.71 years.
The researchers believe the differencebetween these groups shows that cutting calories does slow biological aging.
Although they didn’t explain the reasonbehind this, researchers at Brigham Young University in the US provided anexplanation after they carried out a similar study on mice.
They believe fewer calories slow down amechanism in cells called the ribosome (核糖体),at least in mice. The mechanism is responsible for making vital proteins incells, but with fewer calories it slows down, giving it more time to repairitself.
The ribosome is complex like a car, and itneeds to replace the parts that wear out the fastest from time to time,according to John Price, a biochemistry professor at Brigham Young University. “When tires wear out, you don’t throw thewhole car away and buy new ones. It’s easier to replace the tires,”Price toldVOA.
But this doesn’t mean that people who want tolook younger should start skipping meals, especially given the study’s earlystage. Proper nutrition is important, Price explained. “Food isn’t just material to be burned –it’sa signal that tells our body and cells how to respond,”he told Science Daily.
63. Thepurpose of the research was to _________.
A. find the most efficient way to controlcalorie intake.
B. explain why people have to maintain anormal diet.
C. test the influence of calorie restrictionson aging.
D. invent technology that keeps people youngand healthy.
64. Whichof the following statements is TRUE about the experiment?
A. All the participants were of the samebiological age at the start.
B. The biological age of people in thecontrol group increased more than those in the restriction group.
C. Flies and mice were used to compare theresults of the human test with.
D. Some participants were asked to double theamount of food they ate.
65.According to John Price, ________.
A. the ribosome is an important cell thatcontrols the aging process.
B. a higher level of calorie intake meansmore healthy proteins.
C. the fewer calories one takes in, thebetter the ribosome works.
D. reducing calorie intake could allow theribosome to repair itself better.
66. Wecan infer from the text that ________.
A. those who want to stay young are advisedto skip meals.
B. people should keep a record of the energythey burn every day.
C. maintaining a balanced diet is not asdifficult as people imagine.
D. we could slow our pace of biological agingby changing our eating habits.
答案：63--66: CBDD
【松江区】
Section B
Directions:Read the following threepassages. Each passage is Followed by several questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passageyou have just read.
1.虹口区2018学年第一学期期末教学质量监控测试高三英语 试卷 72、他刚要关闭电脑，就在这时手机响了。(when) 73、他将代表全班同学在新年晚会上向老师们表示真诚的感谢。(on behalf of) 74、我们付出的每一次努力未必都能成功，但是但凡值得我们做的事情都值得做好。(worth) 75、不只是一个人的日常言谈举止，就连他目前正在读的那本书都清楚地向我们表明 了他是一个怎样的人。(as well as) 2.宝山区2018学年第一学期期末高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷 72.交友时勿以貌取人。(base) 73.经历了一场大病后，他明白了生命无价。(suffer) 74.2018上海进口博览会展示了创新理念，促进了自由贸易。(meanwhile) 75.不管到哪里旅游，都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。这样才能成为一名文明游客。(no matter) 3.2018学年第一学期奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72.一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆。（remind） 73.每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人。（mind） 74.他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着。（So） 75.不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已。（before）
4.青浦区2018学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷 72. 人们普遍认为对颜色的偏爱能反映一个人的性格。（It） 73. 安全起见，你最好出发前查一下地图，避开拥堵的路线。（sake） 74. 我没想到的是，现在养老院是一床难求。（that） 75. 这个乡间度假村至今还没有配备无线网络，这给游客带来诸多不便。（equip）5.宝山区2018学年第一学期期末 76.交友时勿以貌取人。(base) 77.经历了一场大病后，他明白了生命无价。(suffer) 78.2018上海进口博览会展示了创新理念，促进了自由贸易。(meanwhile) 79.不管到哪里旅游，都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。这样才能成为一名文明游客。(no matter)
听力材料和参考答案 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.W: Oh, No, it’s still out of order! M: I’m afraid we will have to walk up all those stairs again today. Q: What are these two people talking about? 2. W: Mr. Smith, this is your schedule for tomorrow. You’ll be leaving Shanghai at five. M: All right. Have you reserved a room for our customer yet? Q: What is the possible relationship between the two speakers? 3. M: What’s your hobby? Stamp collecting, reading or something else? W: No, nothing special. I often take pictures during holidays, but I’m afraid I’m a bad photographer. Q: What is the woman’s hobby? 4. M: I’m not quite sure how to put this. But about that calculator you let me use, I dropped it. And now the “ON” button doesn’t light up. W: Oh! That’s OK. It hasn’t been working right for some time. Q: What is the man’s problem? 5. W: It’s a pity that the football match had already begun when I got home. M: When did you get home? W: It was a quarter to eight, and it had started an hour earlier. Q: When did the football match start? 6. W: Let’s see if you can find books by the authors your grandpa liked as a teenager. M: Haha. But first of all, I want to google the books to see if I like the story lines. Q: What is the man going to do? 7 W: Let’s take out the extra desks. There are only eight judges for our contest. M: I think we’d better leave some for the students who are taking part in the contest. Q: What are the speakers doing? 8. M: Wow, I really envy you, Shelly. W: Well, it’s for business. In fact, I’m sick and tired of restaurant food. Sometimes I just want a home-made meal. Q: What can we learn about Shelly? 9. W: Did you attend Amy’s presentation last night? It was the first time for her to give a speech to a large audience. M: How she could be so calm in front of so many people is really beyond me! Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 10. W: Hi, Harry. You’ve travelled a lot recently. When did you come back to China? M: I just came back from France this morning. I stayed there for half a month. But before that 1
2019--2020学年高三英语一模概要写作汇编 One【虹口区】 The Zeigarnik Effect Have you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life. The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy. The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive(侵入的) thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam. The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well-being. The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity. 【答案】 The Zeiguvnik Effect is that you always remember unfinished matter, which can be well used. The effect helps you overcome procrastination and have a good start. The effect is effective for students to improve recall and remember things better. It also encourage people to finish work and improve psychological well-being. It can influence us positively in all aspect. 【解析】 要点中需要包括：1.The Zeigarnik Effect的定义2.三个好处 容易出现的问题：主旨句不清晰；语言不够精炼。
松江区2019学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷 高三英语 （满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2019.12 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions you will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Leave the errors in the paper. B. Let the woman use the typewriter. C. Read the newspaper again. D. Check the paper for mistakes. 2. A. It takes time for her to learn new things. B.She should have been informed earlier. C.She won't attend the meeting. D.She has made preparations for the meeting. 3.A, American students are not talkative in class. B.Being talkative in class means active participation. C.She thinks highly of her experience in the American school. D.One can participate in class activities in different ways. 4. A. Crying. B. Talking loudly. C. Watching TV. D. Having a walk. 5. A. It is the only property she has. B.Her father asked her not to sell it. C.She inherited it from her father.
2019.12.12【一模汇编】2019届上海高三英语一模汇编：翻译 1、2019黄浦一模 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant) 73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent) 74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。(long for) 75. 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策。(which) 答案： 72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline. 74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries. /Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship. 75. The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. 2、2019普陀一模 72. 晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。(or) 73. 事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。(It) 74. 乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。(create) 75. 追求稳定并不是什么坏事, 很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。( when) 答案： 72. Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 73. It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 74. Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much because they are busy creating new memories. 75. The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. （, and）There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks.
11选10专题 上海市杨浦区2021届高三英语期末（一模）试题 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. including B. impressions C. standing D. restored E. missing F. fun G. comfort H. associated I. inspired J. marked K. contact Ancient Civilizations Had Game Nights Too! Morten Ramstad, a researcher at the University of Bergen, Norway, and his team spotted one of the rare objects while unearthing the remains of an Early Iron Age (400-300 BC) burial site in Western Norway. Burying loved ones with basic necessities like ceramic pots and clothing, to ensure their (31) _______ in the afterlife, was a fairly common tradition in ancient cultures. However, the families of some lucky individuals went a step further by (32) ________ a board game for entertainment. Though the game board was (33) ________, the archeologists, who revealed their findings on April 5, 2020, managed to recover the dice（骰子）and 18 circular game pieces. Unlike the modern-day cubical（立体的）dice, which are (34) _______ with a different number of dots from one to six on each face, the ancient game counter was square and had bulls-eye like (35) ________, which indicated zero to five on each of its four faces. The researchers suspect it may have been (36) ________ by the oldest-known board game —the “Game of Mercenaries”. The two-person strategy game, which dates back to the 3rd century BC, was believed to be similar to modern-day chess. The archeologists, who also unearthed remains of pottery jars and a bronze needle at the burial site believe the game pieces indicate the dead was a wealthy individual. In ancient civilizations, board games were a status symbol, signifying the owner’s high social and economic (37) ________. They indicated an individual’s intellectual ability and also proved he/she could afford to spend time on such activities.
2019 年高三一模翻译汇编 1.上海市黄浦区 2019 年高三英语一模翻译 72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant) 73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent) 74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。(long for) 75. 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策。(which) 72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’ s economic decline. 74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries. /Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship. 75.The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. 2.上海市普陀区 2019 年高三英语一模翻译 72.晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。（or） 73.事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。（It） 74.乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。（create） 75.追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。 （ when） 72. Don’ t drink too much coffee at night, or you won ’ t be able to sleep. 1 0.5 0.5 1 73. It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 0.5 1 1 0.5 74. Optimistic people don ’ t miss the good old days too much. 1 1 0.5 75. The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (, and 0.5)
2018年高中三年级一模 英语参考答案 一、选择题（1-60）： 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.D 31.B 32.A 33.D 34.D 35.B 36.G 37.E 38.A 39.D 40.B 41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.B 47.A 48.D 49.B 50.A 51.D 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.D 59.B 60.C 二、英语知识运用第二节（61-70）： 61. failure 62. as 63. includes 64. fiercely 65. the 66. to practice 67. winning 68. where 69. backgrounds 70. was defeated 三、短文改错： Hi Sandra, You’ll never guess over I’m writing this email from a cave! We’re on holiday in Spain now. 71 We spent a few days in Barcelona first. It’s a great place but we had a good time though I didn’t 72. and feel well one day. Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada. 73. came And guess what? We couldn’t find a hotel because there were quite a lot of tourist. Then someone 74. tourists said, “Why not trying the cave dwellings (住宅) here?” We thought he was joking, but here we 75. try were really in a cave dwelling and it’s wonderfully. Tomorrow we’re going to visit a palace 76. are 77. wonderful in Granada. We’re enjoying it very much that we d on’t want to leave this amazed place. We’re 78. so 79. amazing never going to have enough time ∧explore everything! 80. to Take care! Ben （注：第71题若把over改为at或about，第78题若在that前加so或把that改为so，亦可。） 四、书面表达： Possible Version I Hi David, You’re warmly welcome to my city to experience the Spring Festival. Usually, we give our houses a thorough cleaning and decorate them with red couplets and beautifully-designed paper-cuttings before the festival. Gathering for the annual reunion dinner and watching the Spring Festival Gala on the Eve of the New Year is a meaningful moment for us Chinese. During the festival, we visit the elder and relatives to give our greetings and best wishes. When you are here, I want to invite you to make dumplings, watch beautiful fireworks and dragon dance with us. If time permits, I’ll show you around our city. I hope you’ll have a happy
2020 年上海高三英语一模分类汇编：翻译 2020 宝山一模 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 无论时走路、骑车还是开车，遵守交通规则都很重要。（follow） 73. 只有发展好、运用好、治理好互联网，才能使其更好地造福人类。（Only） 74. 鼓励你，给你建议，并提出有建设性的问题的人被称作人生教练或导师。（helpful） 75. 生命充满了挑战，但是只要你有学习新事物的意愿，就能得到克服障碍的正确态度。（willingness） 72. Whether you walk, cycle or drive a car, it ' s important to follow the rules of the road. 73. Only by developing, using and governing the internet well can it benefit mankind. 74. A person who encourage you, give you advice and asks helpful questions is called life coaching or mentor. 75. Life is full of changes, but a willingness to learn something new gives people the right attitude for overcoming obstacles. 2020 崇明一模 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 出于好奇，杰克向村民们打听了这座城堡的历史。（curiosity） 73. 我们最好分析一下公司最近几年发展减缓的原因。（analyze） 74. 人人都该意识到，减少人类活动对环境的负面影响是很有必要的。（it） 75. 我决心已定，无论你怎么劝我，我也不会同意放弃这个通过夜以继日的努力工作才获得的机会。（however） 72. Out of curiosity, Jack asked the villagers about the history of the castle. 73. We ' d better analyze（the reasons） why our company ' s development hians r eslcoewnet d down years. We' d better analyze the reasons for the slow-down of our company ' s development these years. 74. Everyone should realize that it 'qsu ite necessary to reduce the negative effect that human activity has on
2018--2019学年高三英语一模选词填空汇编 One【虹口区】 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ____31____ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success. Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ____32____ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes. About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something – say painting or speaking foreign languages – but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training. It’s almost impossible to think rationally(理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control –your behavior, your planning, your reactions – and change them. The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look. Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it – a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them. There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one. Key: 31-40 DEAHB FCIJG Two【黄浦区】 Section B
2015-2016学年高三英语一模翻译汇编 One【虹口区】 I. Translation. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.说服她不再网购是没有任何作用的。(It) 2.自苹果6问世以来，就再没有其他手机对我更有吸引力了。(appeal) 3.人口的老龄化问题十分严峻，成了全球各国政府都头疼不已的问题。（so…that…） 4.从顾客的肢体语言，这个售货员就能知道他想买什么，这让那位顾客十分惊讶。(amaze) 5.沿外滩一路缓步走来，你可以欣赏到从19世纪到21世纪的各种不同风格的欧式建筑。(range) keys： 1.It is no use persuading her not to do online shopping any more. 2.Since iPhone6 came out /came into the market /was released, no other cell-phones/mobile phones have appealed to me more. 3.The aging population problem is so severe/serious that it becomes a universal/global big headache for the government worldwide. 4.From the customer’s body language, the sop assistant can exactly know what he wants to buy, which amaze the customer very much. 5.Walking slowly along the Bund, you can appreciate all kinds of European architecture/buildings of different styles, ranging from the 19th century to the 21st century. Two【黄浦区】 I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．成本问题在我们的决定中起着很大的作用。（play） 2．他的所做和他的所说大相径庭。（There） 3．毫无疑问，选择学校常常能反映出父母对子女的希望。 (reflect) 4．经常换工作和住所的人常常没有安全感并且缺乏责任心。（who）