语法精讲
——it 用法
?作代词
1、代替指示代词this，that。
--- What’s this？--- It’s a pen.
--- Whose hat is that? --- It’s Mary’s
2、表示时间、日期、季节、天气、光线明暗、温度、距离、环境等。
1. What time is it? – It’s five o’clock.
2. It rains a lot in summer.
3. It was snowing when the accident happened.
4. It’s two hours’ drive to the beach from my home.
3、指代身份不明的人或物；指代有生命但不能或不必区分
性别的人或动物。
1. --- Who’s that?
--- It’s me. Open the door, please.
2. There was a knock at the door. “Who is it?”Mrs. Smith asked.
3. She has a baby, and she loves it.
4. The robber tried to run away from the police, but it is impossible.
?作引导词
1、形式主语,代替由不定式,动名词或从句表示的真正主语。
1) 代替由不定式表示的真正主语
使用It is + adj. / n. +for/of sb. to do sth.，翻译句子：在公共场所大声讲话是不礼貌的。
It is important (necessary, possible, impossible, easy, hard, difficult…) for sb. to do sth.
It is nice (cruel, kind, rude, wise, stupid, clever, foolish, polite…) of sb. to do sth.
2）可代替动名词表示的真正主语。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
It’s no good taking in much fat and sugar.
It’s no fun watching the same movie for a second time.
3）代替主语从句
It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.
It is a well-known fact that smoking can cause cancer.
It is well known to all that the earth is round.
注意以下各种固定句型：
It seems (ed) / appears (ed) seemed that ...
It (so) happened that ...
It turns (ed) out that...
It occurred to sb. that ...
It is said / reported / believed / hoped / well known / suggested ... that...
作形式宾语
1）代替不定式作为形式宾语。
主语+ v. + it+ 宾补+ to do sth.
常用动词：
feel, think, consider, regard, suppose, find, believe, count, declare, guess, imagine, take…for granted等。
1. We consider it our duty to support good leaders.
2. I think it best to get along well with people around you.
3. The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster.
2）代替动名词或动名词短语成为句子的形式宾语。
1. I do not consider it worthwhile spending too much time on telephone conversation.
2. She found it troublesome having to go through all the pages of the thick book.
3）代替从句
1. Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming?
2. Joan had often heard it said that Marley had no money.
?构成强调句
It is / was + 被强调部分（主语，宾语，状语）+
that (who / whom) + 句子的其余部分。
使用强调句式，根据提示完成下面的句子：
1. （在2003年）I graduated from the university.
2. （在天黑前）he realized it was too late to return home.
3. (在那个村庄)we used to live in that the accident happened?
4. （在哪）the road accident happened yesterday?
5. It is how you behave in difficulties that show what you are really like.
?It, one, that的区别
?one 作代词
1.替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事,即泛指中的强调。
1）I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
2) ---Who can lend me a Chinese-English dictionary?
---I have one.
2.替代特指的同一类人或事物的可数名词时,前面必须
加上限定词
(如a, the, this, that等)、物主代词或形容词加以修饰.
1)If you don’t like this blue coat, you can buy a
black one.
2)I don’t want the book on the shelf, I want this
one on the desk.
3. one的复数形式ones作替代词时,只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词,前面必须有限定词。
使用哦one或ones,根据提示补全句子：
1) Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to the
pupils . (除了那些已经有了书的)
2) I don’t want to buy these small
pears; .（我想要一些大点的）
3) She wants to buy some new clothes
and . .（扔掉了一些旧的）
that作代词
1、替代前面提到的事物,可数/不可数皆可。
代替可数名词可以用the one替换.
1) The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
2) The head teacher in your class is younger and more active
than that in theirs.
2、that在并列分句中,可以替代前面某一个名词或整个句子内容,
可用it替换.
1)She heard a terrible noise, and that brought her heart into her mouth.
2) They said they had discussed the problem, and that was impossible.
3.that在定语从句中,可作关系代词,代替某个先行词(人或物)。
1) The lady that came to our class is from Australia.
2) A clock is a machine that tells people the time.
4.that的复数形式为those,只可替代可数名词复数, 在句中
相当于the ones。
1) The nights there in summer are shorter than those in winter.
2) The students who do best in the exam are not always those
with the best brains.
另：注意下列句型用there, 不用it
1.There is evidence that…显然……
2. There is no point doing sth.
3. There is no sense doing sth.
4. There is something wrong with…
5. There is no doubt that…毋庸置疑
6. There is no need for doing sth. /to do sth.
7. There is no denying…无可否认……
8. There is no hurry about…无需慌张……
9. There is no difficulty in doing sth. ……方面没困难。
10. There is no lack of …有很多的，不缺乏的
11. There is no possibility/probability that /of…没可能
12. There is no room for…没有……的余地
13. There is no sense in ………是无意义的
14. There is no sign of …没有……迹象
15. There is no saying that………难以断言
16. There is a slim hope of …有……微小的希望
17. There is some difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难
18. There is some trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦
19. There appears to be…似乎有……
20. There seems to be…好像有……
21. There used to be…（过去）常常有；原来这儿有
语法精讲
——非谓语动词之v-ing
请根据提示将题目补充完整
I. V-ing的形式
主动被动
一般式writing being written
完成式having written having been written
否定式not writing
II. 现在分词的使用
◆定语
1. This is really an （exhaust）day to all of us!
2. More and more （develope）countries established
partnership with developed countries.
3. The man （sit）by the window is our teacher.
4. The plans （be）discussed by many managers
now will be carried out next month.
◆表语
1. The film is .(move)
◆宾补：
用于: see, hear, watch, let, get, have, keep, find等动词。
1. I saw him (come) last night.
2. I heard him (sing)a song in the classroom.
3. We have the fire (burn) all day.
4. The baby watched his dad (shave) his face .
◆with 短语
1. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.
2. The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.
3. We went into a large waiting room with a large fan
spinning overhead.
◆状语表时间、原因、方式和伴随
1. Looking out of the window, I saw a woman （walk）in the street.
2. (be)a teacher, I must work hard.
3. She stood there, (wait)for a bus.
◆分词和连词一起的省略式
When, while, though, although, if, unless, as if, as
though, even if, even though
1. When (check) the writing, I found there are many mistakes in it.
2. The baby cried, as if ( know) the sad news already.
3. While (stay )in Beijing, he came to see me twice.
4. Though ( rain )heavily, it cleared up very soon.
◆独立主格
It (be )Sunday, we have no school.
The order (give), we start the work.
Time (permit), we’ll stay longer.
把下列句子用非谓语动词的方式表达出来
1.I was glad when I heard the news.
2. I saw a child who was wearing very thick glasses.
3. As I hadn't received an answer from him, I wrote again.
4. If weather permits, we are going to work outside.
III. 动名词的使用
◆作主语
1. （work）is good exercise.
2. (fight) broke out between the South and the North.
按照所给句式翻译句子：
①It's no good (no use, fun, a waste of time)
一、基础练习 1、There are only twelve ______in the hospital.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88583712.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88583712.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
Unit 1 Women of achievement 1． Target language a. achieve, achievement, condition, welfare, institute, connection, campaign, organization, entertainment, inspire, support, devote ... to b. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. P2 Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. P2 But the evening makes it all worthwhile. P2 ... we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. P2 2． Ability goals a. Learn Warming Up, and know how to tell the great women and the famous women. b. Learn the way to describe a person from what the person did, what she/he looks like and so on. 3． Learning ability goals Teach Ss how to describe a person. Teaching important points a. By reading A protector of African wildlife, students can learn from Jane Goodall in at least two aspects: b. Ask students to answer these questions: 1) What made her a great success? 2) What should we learn from Jane Goodall? Teaching difficult points Let everyone believe that all of us can become Jane Goodall. Teaching methods Inspiration, Questioning and Discussion. Teaching aids A computer, a projector and a recorder.
高中英语黄金阅读(高一版) 习俗类 (1) In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them. At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill. Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day. Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself. Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal. Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change. 1. Which statement is true? A. American people like sitting with people they don’t know. B. A hostess always seats a small group at a large table. C. American people never sit with people they don’t know. D. American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking. 2. What is served before you order? A. bread B. butter C. coffee D. cold water 3. What do American people always do when servings are too large for them? A. They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs. B. They leave the food on the table and go away. C. They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later. D. They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them. 4. Sunday dinner is_______. A. a dinner in the evening B. A big noon meal C. a big lunch on Sunday D. A supper on Sunday 【答案解析】本文介绍了美国人在外就餐时的风俗习惯。 1. D。细节题。根据第一段及关键句…it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them 可知 A、B、C 与原文不相符，同时关键句告诉我们“未
北京四中2017-2018学年上学 期高一年级期末考试地理试卷 一、单项选择题（每题2分，30题，共60分） 2017年2月，印度尼西亚的锡纳朋火山持续喷发，炽热岩浆倾泻而出，火山灰遮天蔽日。读图1“地球表面大气受热过程示意图”，完成1-2题。 1. 锡纳朋火山喷发的岩浆来自 A. 地壳 B. 岩石圈 C. 软流层 D. 地核 2. 火山灰弥漫空中，会导致该地区的 A. ①增加 B. ②减少 C. ③增加 D. ④减少 北京某商厦屋顶上铺满了一个个种植箱，这里被称为“屋顶农庄”。商家专门从长白山运来优质土壤，吸引附近居民租借种植箱种植蔬果。屋顶农庄运作以来，整栋商厦夏季空调用电量下降……
3. 开设屋顶农庄可获得环境效益。因为它有助于 A. 减少土壤污染 B. 缓和热岛效应 C. 削弱紫外辐射 D. 增强雨岛效应 读图2“地理课堂某自然地理过程模拟实验示意图”，完成4-6题。 4. 该模拟实验过程中，烟的运动轨迹是 A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 5. 该实验主要模拟的是 A. 冷空气过境 B. 水循环 C. 热力环流 D. 大气受热过程 6. 自然界中为该类地理现象提供主要动力的是 A. 太阳辐射 B. 太阳活动 C. 地壳运动 D. 地球引力 图3为“冬季、夏季不同地形的气温日变化图”，读图回答7-8题。 7. 下列叙述正确的是
A. 冬季一天中最高气温出现在谷地 B. 冬季、夏季山顶气温日变化均最小 C. 山顶冬季日温差大于夏季日温差 D. 谷地冬季日温差大于夏季日温差 8. 导致一天中最低温出现在山谷的主要原因是 A. 山谷地形闭塞，降温快 B. 夜间吹谷风，谷地散热快 C. 夜间冷空气沿山坡下沉集聚在谷底 D. 谷地多夜雨，降温快 海子写过一首诗《面朝大海，春暖花开》，现在影视剧中往往让女主角面朝大海，在海风吹拂下让头发向后飘逸以反映女主角的快乐心情。图4中甲、乙两图分别是“北半球某滨海地区海陆热力环流图”和“气温变化特征图”。读图，回答9-10题。 9. 甲图中①、②、③、④四处气温最高的是 A. ①处 B. ②处 C. ③处 D. ④处 10. 图乙中可能吹海风的时间段是 A. 16时至次日8时 B. 8时至16时 C. 18时至次日6时 D. 6时至18时 11. “晚见江山雾，宵闻夜雨来”是对山谷地区夜雨多的形象写照。其主要原因是山谷地区 A. 夜晚气温高于白天气温，气流上升 B. 夜晚气温比周围地区气温低，空气中水汽遇冷凝结，形成降水 C. 夜晚气温比周围地区气温高，气流上升，水汽凝结形成降水 D. 夜晚气温比周围地区气温低，气流上升，水汽凝结形成降水
欢迎使用，祝您学有所成。 第一单元 1）achieve 表示“完成，到达”。 区别achieve，reach，gain： achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。 reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。 gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。 2）condition 表示“条件”，condition为单数时，表示人/物所处的“状态”。 conditions（复数）指一般情况，环境。 in good/poor condition状况好/不好。 out of condition状况不好。 on condition that在……条件下，假使。 on no condition决不。 3）connection 表示“连接，关系”。 connections亲戚。 in connection with与……有关。 4）behave 表示“举止，举动，行为表现”。 behave oneself表现良好，行为良好。 behave as起……作用，表现为……。 5）worthwhile 表示“值得做的，值得出力的”。 句型It is worhtwhile doing/to do sth“干……是值得的”。 6）observe 表示“观察，注意”，可接省略to的不定式的复合结构，当observe用被动语态时，其后的不定式应回复to。 observe后也可接由现在分词构成的复合结构。 后接that从句，表示“注意到，说”。 observe还可以表示“遵守，庆祝”。 7）respect 作动词，后直接跟宾语。 respect oneself自重，自尊。 作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”。have/show respect for意为“对……尊重/尊敬”。 have respect to注意，考虑。 表示“敬意，问候”时，用复数形式，常与give，send，pay连用。 in respect of sth就某方面而言。 with respect to 涉及，关于。 8）argue 表示“争论，辩论”。
一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88583712.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88583712.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
新版人教新课标高中英语必修四：unit3GRAMMAR教案 【语境展示】 1. The three words are pronounced in the same way. 2. They were given a warm send-off at the airport. 3. The matter will be looked into in the future. 4. I didn’t expect that I would be asked to speak. 5. The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 6. A new supersonic aircraft was being designed. 7. They have been warned not to swim there. 8. He told me that the factory had been closed down. 【归纳】 语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系.。英语的语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态.。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.。被动语态常用于以下几种情况： 1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁.。如： Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 2. 不必提到动作的执行者.。如： Such things are not done twice. 3. 强调或侧重动作的承受者.。如： The girl is liked by everybody.
必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Afri ca. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chi mps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and wa its in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Th en we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. Ho wever, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her b abies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observi ng and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she firs t arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to be gin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For exampl e, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until th en everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chi mps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how ch
2019届北京市第四中学高三第三次调研考试数学（文）试题 一、单选题 1．已知集合,且,则可以是 A．B．C．D． 【答案】C 【解析】因为，所以得到且，根据选项可以确定a的值. 【详解】 解：因为，且集合, 所以且, 根据选项情况，由此可以判定只能选择C. 【点睛】 本题考查了集合间的关系、集合中元素的性质，解题时要注意集合元素的互异性这一隐含的条件. 2．下列函数中,与函数的单调性和奇偶性相同的函数是 A．B． C．D． 【答案】D 【解析】可以判断函数是定义在R上的奇函数、单调增函数，从定义域角度可以分析出选项A、B、C均不能成立，由此可以得出正确选项。 【详解】 解：函数的定义域为R， 因为， 所以得到为奇函数， 又因为恒成立， 故在R上为单调递增函数， 选项A的定义域为，不成立，
选项B的定义域为，不成立， 选项C的定义域为，不成立， 选项D的定义域为R， 由于， 所以函数为奇函数， 又因为， 所以为单调增函数， 所以，选项D满足题意。 【点睛】 本题考查了函数的基本性质，判断函数性质要遵循“定义域优先”的原则，特别是判断函数的奇偶性时，首先要判断定义域是否关于原点对称；函数的单调性则可以通过图像、导数等等方法进行判断。 3．已知分别为三角形ABC三个内角的对边,且,则三角形ABC中为 A．B．C．D． 【答案】C 【解析】因为， 所以,即 选C. 点睛：解三角形问题，多为边和角的求值问题，这就需要根据正、余弦定理结合已知条件灵活转化边和角之间的关系，从而达到解决问题的目的.其基本步骤是： 第一步：定条件，即确定三角形中的已知和所求，在图形中标出来，然后确定转化的方向. 第二步：定工具，即根据条件和所求合理选择转化的工具，实施边角之间的互化. 第三步：求结果. 4．设满足约束条件则下列不等式恒成立的是 A．B．
Book 4 UNIT1 1.only+状语（副词、介词短语或从句）位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。 （把be动词/情态动词/助动词提前到主语前面） only+状语+助V+主语+其他 ① I realized that I was wrong only then. ? Only then did I realize that I was wrong. ② You can learn English well only in this way. ? Only in this way can you learn English well. ③ We will achieve success only when we work hard. ? Only when you work hard will you achieve success. 2.spend、pay、cost、take 表“花费” sb+spend+time/money+(in)doing sth/on sth sb+pay+money+for sth It+cost(sb)+money+to do sth sth +cost+ sb+money It+take(sb)+time+to do sth eg:①读这本书花了他两天的时间。 He spent two days ( in ) reading this book. = It took him two days to read this book. ②买这辆车花了他20万元。 He spent 200,000 on thiis car. = He paid 200,000 yuan for the car. 3.lead a(+adj.) life 过着...的生活 lead a quiet/simple/happy life 4.look down upon/on... 鄙视...瞧不起... eg：我们不应该瞧不起残疾人。 We shouldn’t look down upon / on the disable . 5.by chance= by accident 碰巧，偶然地 eg: 我偶然找到了那本丢失了的书。 I found the lost book by chance. come across... 偶然碰到（某人），偶然发现（某物） eg：我今天早上在街上遇到了一个老朋友。 I came across an old friend on the street this morning. 6.carry on (sth) 继续；坚持 eg：在他死了之后，他的孩子肯定会坚持他的梦想的。 After his death , his children will certainly carry on his dream. carry out 履行，执行，实行 eg：你必须实履行你的承诺，要不然的话没人会相信你。 You must carry out your promise, or no one will believe you. 7.intend to do sth 打算做某事 eg：我打算赶上早班车，但我没有及时起床。 I intented to catch the early train, but I didn’t get up in time. be intended for sb 为...而准备，专供...使用
名词 一、名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词。 1、专有名词：主要指人名，地方,机构或者某类人或者事物的名称。如：China, Li lei，Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year’s Day 注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写 2、普通名词：是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 1）. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西 可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments 也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream 2.）Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体 Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 常见的不可数名词：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic ，housework, equipment , absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labor, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work（工作）最常见的不可数名词 A. Abstract 抽象名词 advice 建议age 年老beauty 美丽capitalism 资本主义communism 共产主义democracy 民主energy 能源fun 乐趣happiness 幸福help 帮助honesty 诚实information 信息justice 正义kindness 善knowledge 知识laughter 笑声liberty 自由life 生命、生物、活力play 玩recreation
人教高中英语必修四全册教案
Unit 1 Women of Achievement I．教学内容分析 本单元的话题是“取得成就的优秀女性”,通过介绍几位不同国度、不同时代、不同职业、不同理想与追求、不同经历的杰出女性，探讨了女性对社会、对人类的价值和贡献，展示了女性的风采和她们在社会各个领域的成就。学习本单元有助于提高对妇女社会角色的认识，了解成功女性的奋斗经历和勇于斗争的精神，培养学生（尤其是女生）的事业心和社会责任感，建立正确的性别观和和自信心。 ．教学步骤 Period 1 Learning about Language (1) & Warming Up Teaching Goals: 1. To develop Ss’ ability of using words and expressions and speaking. 2. To Prepare Ss’ for the new unit. Teaching Procedures: Step 1. New words and expressions Purpose: To prepare Ss for the new lessons. 1. Ask Ss to listen to the tape of Reading
and read after the tape. 2. Ask Ss to read new words aloud and try to keep them by heart. 3. Ask Ss to make sentences with the following words and expressions. respect, considerate, explain, achieve one’s goal, devote… to…, deliver a baby, care for, Step 2. Words using Purpose: To develop Ss’ ability of using new words and expressions. To develop Ss’s ability of creating words. 1. Words using competition (1) Read the following ten meanings of the new words in this unit and ask Ss to guess the new words and spell them. Ss should put up their hands as quickly as possible. The student who does best will win the game.
导学案
【词汇串烧】 Fall in Love with English Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well. The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English. 爱上英语 有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。尽管外面正打雷闪电，他仍计划在黄昏时分离家出走。他不得不这样做是因为厌倦了父母对他英语学习的唠叨，不想再忍受下去了。他的英语学习总是无法取得进展，而且不喜欢参加英语课的学习，因为他以为老师有意忽视他。结果，他每次考试的分数合计从未超过60。 他的搭档很关心他，也确切地理解他遭受的折磨，但却完全不同意他的想法。为了使他冷静下来好好解决问题，她和他面对面地交谈，并交换了一系列的学习心得技巧。她写下来的条款帮助他找到了学好英语的最佳捷径。 这个少年非常很感激，并从朋友的话里获得极大的动力。现在，他已经从沮丧中恢复过来，真正爱上了英语。 【词汇点拨】 survey n.调查；测验