高二上期期末考试英语复习资料
Module 5 Unit 1 Getting along with others
一、【学习目标】1.学习与友谊有关的单词、词组与句型。
2.运用所学词汇读懂与友谊有关的文章，并能就此发表个人观点。
★本单元重要单词：
动词：
1)出卖，背叛________ 2) 假装, 装扮, 扮作________ 3) 请求,恳求, 乞求_______
4) 承认, 允许进入,接纳______ 5) 原谅,宽恕_________ 6) 发誓,咒骂,说脏话_________ 7) 评论,谈论____________ 8) 从事间谍活动, 搜集情报_____________
9) 不喜欢, 厌恶__________ 10) 集中注意力于……; 聚集____________
11) 争吵, 争论____________ 12)道歉___________ 13) 争吵,争执__________
14) 羡慕, 嫉妒____________ 15) 责备,指责________ 16)克服,解决__________
17) 做出反应, 回应_________ 18) 扎根于; 使基于; 下锚; 使固定____________
19) 停顿, 暂停___________ 20) 依赖,依靠________
名词：
21）童年,幼年_________ 22) 洗手间,厕所__________ 23) 小测验________
24) 速度, 步伐,节奏_______ 25) 方式,态度,举止________ 26) 邮箱_______
27) 娱乐, 消遣________ 28) 分歧,争论,意见不一_________ 29) 马戏团,马戏表演______ 30) 代数__________ 31) 算术_________ 32) 复活节__________
33) 熟人, 略有交情, (与某人)认识___________ 34) 身份__________
35) 平安,安全,安全措施_____________ 36) 公寓套房__________ 37)复习,修订,修改_______ 38) 话题_______ 39) 态度, 看法_________ 40) 宽恕; 仁慈_______ 41) 道歉_______
形容词:
42) 愉快的, 高兴的;令人愉快的_________ 43)极佳的,卓越的____________
44) 极坏的, 糟糕的;恐怖的,令人震惊的____________ 45) 内疚的, 有罪的________
46) 伤人的;残酷的,残忍的_________ 47) 令人尴尬的,别扭的;笨拙的___________
48) 擅长运动的;健壮的___________ 49) 易生气的;敏感的;体贴的___________
50) 有天赋的,有天才的___________ 51) 在线的__________ 52) 青春期的________
53) 没有好转希望的,无望的,糟透的_________ 54) 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的________ 55) 小心的,谨慎的_________ 56) 双胞胎之一的;成双的________
57)荒唐的, 怪诞的__________ 58)热切的, 急不可待的_________
副词:
59) 真诚的,诚恳地,衷心地___________ 60) 真诚地_________
61) 全世界_________ 62) 不顾; 不管怎样___________
Answers:1) betray 2) pretend 3) beg 4) admit 5) forgive 6) swear 7) remark 8) spy
9) dislike 10)focus 11) argue 12) apologize 13)quarrel 14) envy
15) blame 16) overcome 17) respond 18) anchor 19)pause 20) rely
21) childhood 22) washroom 23) quiz 24) pace 25) manner 26) mailbox 27) amusement 28)disagreement 29) circus 30) algebra 31) arithmetic 32) Easter 33) acquaintance 34) identity 35) security 36) apartment 37) revision 38) topic 39) attitude 40) mercy 41) apology
42) cheerful 43) superb 44)horrible 45) guilty 46) cruel 47) awkward 48) athletic
49) sensitive 50) gifted 51) online 52) adolescent 53) hopeless 54) committed
55) cautious 56) twin 57) absurd 58) eager 59)truly 60)sincerely
61) worldwide 62) regardless
★本单元重要词组：
get along well with sb与某人友好相处feel betrayed 感到背叛了
be/feel ashamed of 对…感到惭愧be proud of 以…为自豪
must have done 一定做过admit doing sth/that…承认做了某事/承认…feel like crying 想哭keep one‘s word/secret 信守诺言/保守秘密spy on sb 窥探某人focus on 集中精力于
be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事keep pace with…跟上…的节奏
as a result（of）结果in this manner 用这种方式
accuse sb.of sth回某事控诉/责备某人apologize to sb for doing 向某人道歉
feel guilty about 因为…感到内疚can‘t help doing sth禁不住做某事
blame sb for sth 因为某事而责备某人in public 当众，在公众场合
before long 不久be gifted at在…方面有天赋
speaking of 谈到；说到persuade sb. to do sth说服某人做某事
rather than 而不是ever since自从那以后
have different attitudes towards/to 对…有不同的态度
would rather do sth than do sth 宁可…而不…can‘t wait to do sth等不及去做某事
get through to 打通…的电话be anchored in扎根于；使基于
base sth. on \upon 建立在…基础之上hesitate to do 不愿; 不欲
be eager to do sth. 渴望做regardless of 不管，不顾
imagine doing sth. 想像做某事be committed to对….坚定/尽心尽力
rely on 依靠,依赖in conclusion 总之
look back on回顾discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事mean to do sth. 意欲做,打算做mean doing sth 意味着做
二、【要点】
1. fun u./n.乐趣；有趣的人/ 物funny adj.滑稽的有趣的
What fun it is to meet so many new friends! 与到这么多新朋友是多么愉快的事啊！
He is good fun; we all enjoy being with him. 他是个有趣的人，我们都喜欢跟他在一起。
2. pretend vt./vi. 假装pretend sth./to do/ that从句
When I went in, he pretended to be reading a book.
3. admit vt. / vi.承认（事实，过失）；准许进入；准许……的入场/入学/入会；可容纳admit ( doing ) sth. 承认做了某事admit + that clause 承认做了……
admit to sth. 承认某事admit sb. to / into 准许某人进入……，准许某人入会/场
1) He admitted his guilt. =He admitted that he was guilty. 他承认他有罪。
2) Will you admit having broken the window? =Will you admit that you have broken the window?
3) This hall can admit 1,000 people.这个礼堂可容纳1000人。
4. keep one’s word = keep one’s promise 遵守诺言
[相关词语]break one‘s word 违背诺言have a word with 与…谈一谈in a word 简言之have words with 争吵word for word 逐字in other words 换句话说
5.―must have +过去分词‖结构表示对过去的肯定推测.
The floor is wet, it must have rained last night.
6. say=read ……上说/写着：I found a sign which read/said ?NO PARKING‘.
7.determined a. 下了决心的; 坚定的
He is determined to take part in the international speech competition.
He is a determined supporter of President Bush.
vi. He determined to take part in the international speech competition.
vt. a.规定, 确定They determined the date for the party.
b. 使…..下决心This determined him to act immediately.
8. as a result of: because of作为……的结果
As a result of his careless study, he failed the Maths test.
9. “so +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“某人或某物的情况也是如此”；
“so+主语+ be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示“某人或某物确实如此”，表示赞同或肯定前面的观点或认识。
—It‘s burning hot today, isn‘t it? — Yes. So was it yesterday.
—So you did.
blame sb for (doing) sth 责备某人做了某事
blame sth on sb= put/lay the blame on sb 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为…)承担责任; 该(为…)受责备（不能用被动语态）
accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某事负责任
Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack's careless driving.
Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.
我们愿对所发生的事负责。
persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的persuasion n. 说服；信服；信念
persuade sb of sth 使某人相信某事
persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不要做某事
I persuaded him of its truth. 我使他相信这是真的。
We will persuade him to take the medicine. 我们将说服他把药吃下去。
我劝服了我父亲戒烟。
犹豫
hesitate about/ in/ at/ over doing sth=hesitate to do something 做某事犹豫不决
have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫地做某事
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地, 立即
Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once. 对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。
Do not hesitate to give me a call if you need help. 如果你需要帮助就打电话给我，不要犹豫。He asked her to sit beside him without hesitation. 他毫不犹豫地请她坐在他身旁。Whenever I have difficulty in learning English，I have no hesitation in turning to Mr Ding‘s space for help. 每当我学英语有困难就马上向Mr Ding的空间求助。
13．discourage vt.阻止；使泄气discouragement n.挫折；泄气
discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
My parents discourage me from staying out late.
三、写作About Friendship
Friendship plays an important part in our life. When in trouble, we need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement. With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys.
Friendship is also one of the greatest pleasures that we can enjoy. It implies loyalty, sympathy,
affection, and readiness to help. Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very careful in making friends. Real friends are those who have good character, superior ability and kindness of heart. Real friends can share all our sorrows and double all our joys. While making friends, we should take care to select those who have such fine qualities. Then we should treat our friends with courtesy and honesty. We should forgive their failures and do our best to help them.
In short, when we have established friendship, we ought to cherish and treasure it by means of words and deeds. Only in this way, can we develop real friendshipand keep the lamp of friendship burning all our life.
四、【习题训练】A. 单项填空
1. Jim was not ______ to the club, because at that time he was not a member of it.
A. allowed
B. permitted
C. admitted
D. let
2. Alice trusts you; only you can ______ her to give up the foolish idea.
A. suggest
B. attract
C. absorb
D. persuade
3. I don‘t th ink it is teachers who ______ for giving students too much pressure.
A. are to blame
B. are going to blame
C. are to be blamed
D. should blame
4. What_____it is to travel in_______ spaceship!
A. a fun; a
B. a fun ;the
C. fun; a
D. the fun; a
5. You must apologize ______ her ______ what you have done.
A. /; for
B. for; to
C. to; /
D. to; for
6.The shy girl felt ____ and uncomfortable when she could not answer her b teacher‘s questions.
A. amazed
B. absurd
C. curious
D. awkward
7. Are you______to learn to drive a car?
A. make a decision
B. make up your mind
C. decide
D. determined
8. When I went in, he pretended __________ a book.
A. reading
B. read
C. to have read
D. to be reading
9. -—I didn‘t mean ______ my mother.
—-But talking to her like that meant ______ her.
A. to hurt ; hurting
B. hurting; hurting
C. hurting; to hurt
D. to hurt; to hurt
10.If you don‘t go to the party, ___I.
A neither shall B. so will C. nor do D. so do
B. 完成译文根据中文原文完成下列各英文译文。（每空限填一个词）
1. 每当我处于困境时，我的朋友们总是毫不犹豫地来帮助我。
Whenever I am in trouble, my friends always come to help me ______ ______.
2. 我认为你不应该当众指出你朋友的错误。
I don‘t think you should point out your friend‘s mistake ______ ________.
3. 地震后, 他尝试很多次给父母打电话,但是都没接通.
After the earthquake, he tried to call his parents for many times, but he couldn‘t ______ ______.
4. 听到这个令人激动的消息, 我们每一个人都因高兴而情不自禁地哭了.
Upon hearing the exciting news, every one of us _______ _________crying with joy.
5. 我想要喝一杯牛奶。I feel _______ _______ a glass of milk.
6. 因为她不信守诺言，我们从此情断义绝。
W e weren‘t going to be friends any more because she couldn‘t ______ ______ ______.
7. 友谊意味着对他人尽心尽力。Friendship means being _____________ _______ others.
8. 父母应设法劝阻子女吸烟。
Parents should try to __________ their children ________ smoking.
Module 5 Unit 2 The environment
一、【学习目标】
1.学习与环境保护有关的单词、词组与句型。
2.运用所学词汇能阅读与环境保护有关的文章，并能进行讨论，书写相关报告。
★本单元重要单词：
动词：
1)辩论；争论，讨论________ 2) 流，流动；流畅地进行________
3)（在一定范围内）变化；包括；排序_______ 4) 逮捕______ 5) 测量；估量，判定_________ 6) 使印象深刻_________ 7) 欣赏，赞赏；感谢，领会____________ 8) 回收利用____________ 9) 吸收，理解；使全神贯注_______ 10) 排队等候________11) 减少____________
12)用泵输送；涌出，涌流___________ 13)鼓掌，拍手__________14) 消耗；消费____________ 15) 冲突，抵触_______ 16)钻（孔）,打眼_________17) 经营; 动手术_________ 18) 泛滥;淹没;大量涌入__________19) 提供燃料; 加油___________
名词：
20）经济（情况）；经济体_________ 21) 女发言人_________ 22) )辩论；争论，讨论________ 23)责任，义务，本分_______ 24)产量；生产____________25) 管子，管道________ 26) 流动；连贯_______ 27) 海味，海鲜________ 28) 数量_________
29) 税，税款________ 30) 海关,关税__________ 31) 商品,货品_________ 32) 逮捕_________ 33)(尤指上层)商界人员;企业家___________ 34) 十亿__________ 35)责任,职责_____________ 36)看法;信念__________ 37)陆龟_______
38) 赞扬,称赞,认可;信用,信誉;学分_______ 39)羽毛_________
40) 到来,抵达;到达者_______ 41) 女士,夫人_______ 42) 顾问________
43)毯子;厚的覆盖层___________44)庄稼,农作物__________ 45)栅栏,篱笆,围栏________ 46) 冲突,矛盾_________ 47) 泵,抽水机,打气筒___________48) 队,行列___________
49) 管理;管理部门;施行;(美国)政府___________50) 土壤___________
51)(对自然环境的)保护__________ 52) 洪水, 大批,大量________
53) 交通工具,车辆_________ 54)灌木________ 55) 减少_________
56) 措施,方法;尺度________ 57)操练,训练__________ 58)海豚_________
59)范围; 一系列;山脉__________ 60) 十年_______ 61) 台风_________
62)发动机,引擎________ 63) 气候_________ 64) 汽油________
65)工厂;发电厂_________ 66)碳_________ 67)燃料________
68) 二氧化物_________ 69) 人造卫星_______ 70)氧气_________
形容词:
71) 贪婪的，贪心的_________ 72)环境的____________
73) 原始的，未经加工或处理的____________ 74) 愿意的，乐意的________
75) 违法的，非法的_________ 76) 经济的___________
77) 电的，用电的___________ 78) 低碳的___________
79)专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的___________
副词:
80) 非法地__________
Answers:1) argue 2) flow 3) range 4) arrest 5) measure 6) impress 7)appreciate 8)recycle
9) absorb 10) queue 11) decrease 12)pump 13) clap 14) consume
15) conflict 16)drill 17)operate 18)flood 19) fuel 20)economy 21) spokeswoman
22) debate 23) duty 24) production 25) pipe 26)flow 27) seafood 28)quantity
29) tax 30) customs 31)goods 32) arrest 33) businessman 34) billion 35) responsibility
36) belief 37) tortoise 38) credit 39)feather 40) arrival 41) madam 42) consultant
43)blanket 44)crop 45) fence 46) conflict 47) pump 48)queue 49) administration
50) soil 51) conservation 52) flood 53) vehicle 54)bush 55) decrease 56) measure
57) drill 58)dolphin 59)range 60)decade 61) typhoon 62) engine 63) climate
64)petrol 65) plant 66) carbon 67) fuel 68)dioxide 69)satellite 70)oxygen
71) greedy 72)environmental 73) raw 74) willing 75) illegal 76) economic
77) electrical 78) low-carbon 79)particular 80) illegally
★本单元重要词组：
open the floor 自由发言large amounts of 大量的
lay eggs 产卵be friendly to the environment 环保
turn into 变成result in 导致
flow into 流入grow by 增长了
cut back on 削减，减少ways of living 生活方式
pour……into倒入see…as…将……视为
be concerned about/ for 担心be concerned with 与…有关
hide from one‘s responsibility 躲避责任ask around 四处询问
What if 要是…会怎样呢？rely on依靠，依赖
upon the arrival of 在…一抵达时run out , use up用完
conflict with与矛盾/冲突queue up排队
the first to do sth.第一个做某事form up 形成
be covered with 被覆盖take steps to do sth 采取措施做某事
be devoted to doing/ devote oneself to doing 致力于做某事
pick out 找出，挑选draw conclusions 得出结论
a wide range of 多种多样的rely on 依靠
be under way 在进行中natural reserve 自然保护区
appreciate doing 欣赏做某事the more…the more 越……越
in/ with regard to 关于let off 排放
in particular 尤其，特别do one‘s part尽自己的职责
a sense of satisfaction满足感no doubt 无疑
二、【要点解读】
1. With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society,…表语位于句首时，需完全倒装。
beyond debate 无可辩论hold a debate 举行辩论会a heated debate 激烈的辩论
3.open the floor for discussion the floor意为“发言权”。又如：
After they each had said a few words, Professor White took the floor. …怀特教授开始发言。
4.First I'm talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste.
way 后面接定语从句有三种形式：
（1）way+in which+定语从句She was pleased with the way in which he had treated his students.
(2) way+that+定语从句They didn't do it in the waythat we do now.
(3)way+定语从句 He didn't speak the way I do.
5. waste 1. n.废物，残物 Where do you put the kitchen waste?
2.v 浪费（时间、劳力、金钱等）waste time (in) doing sth 浪费时间干
waste money on sb/sth 浪费金钱在......上
You're wasting your time trying to persuade him; he will never join us.
6. lie —lied —lied —lying 说谎
lie —lay —lain —lying 躺
lay —laid —laid —laying 放置，搁，产卵
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f69221334.html,rge amounts of harmful chemicals. the amount of rubbish/ pollution
amount n. 总数，数量 (常与不可数名词连用。)
关于“许多”的用法见下表：
8.1)对population (
人口)进行提问时，常用what 或 how large 。如：
What / How large is the population of Canada?
加拿大的人口有多少？
此外，population 还可当作复数用，意为“全体住民，市民，国民” 。 如：
The whole population of the town came out to see him.
2)此句中的six times what it was in1800是倍数的固定表达：倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句 目前的产量是十年前的三倍。(times ＋what)
The production is now three times what it was ten years ago._
观察例句思考总结倍数的其他表达方式：
1) 倍数 ＋比较级＋than … The box is five times bigger than that one.
2) 倍数 ＋as ＋原级＋as Asia is four times as large as Europe.
[基本构词]
concerned adj.担心的；烦恼的；忧虑的；有关的，涉及的（置于名词之后）
concerning prep. 关于
[短语搭配] concern oneself with / in / about sth 关心某事; 忙于某事
so/as far as...be concerned 就…来说/而论 be concerned with/in 与…有关
be concerned about 担心，操心 have no concern with 与…无关
show concern for sb 关心某人
It is reported that the pop singer is concerned with selling drugs.
据报道那个流行歌手涉嫌贩毒。
She is concerned about her son ‘s future. 他很担心她儿子的前途。
Some people don't show much concern for our environment.
有些人不太关心我们的环境。
So far as I am concerned, the second arrangement is more suitable.
就我来说，第二种安排更合适。
For more information concerning the club, contact me, please.
10.Cut back on= cut down on=reduce 削减。缩减，减少
The doctor told him to cut down on smoking.
To save money, we should cut back on our spending.
cut away 切下，砍掉cut down 砍倒，砍伐；减少…的量，缩减…
cut in 插嘴，插入，插队cut out 切下…，剪下…cut up 切碎
cut off 1）切断，砍掉2）切断（电力，煤气，自来水等），停止…的供给
3）使（人，城镇）孤立
11. What we need are better laws to preserve the environment …
what引导的主语从句
After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, whatour astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
12. run out 用完，耗尽
The petrol ran out. = We ran out of the petrol=We used up the petrol.
13 raise抬起，举起，使升起the teacher raised her finger to her lips as a sign of silence.
唤起，引起，激起his absence raised fears about his safety.
提出I am glad you raised that point.
召集，征集，筹款it is your job to raise fund.
饲养，养育，培养she raises a family of nine children.
rise (无被动形式) 起立，起床，站立it is my custom to rise early.
The chairman rose from his chair.
14. under way 进展中，进行中；
We have several plans under way. 我们已将几项计划付诸实施。
under construction 在建设中, under discussion 在讨论中,
under treatment 在治疗中, under repair在修理中
15. appreciate
1) vt. 鉴赏；鉴别; 欣赏；赏识appreciate good wine 鉴赏好酒
It is hard to appreciate the difference between right and wrong. 分清是非很难。
2) 重视Doctors are highly appreciated in that country. 在那个国家医生受到高度重视。
3) 感谢, 感激We deeply appreciate your help. 非常感谢你的帮助。
We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 我们恭候佳音。
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. 如果你支付现金的话，我将不胜感激。
我们意识到危险临头。
怀疑的
in doubt怀疑；拿不定主意no/without/beyond doubt无疑地；必定；当然
I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time.
我相信他能按时完成任务。
Do you doubt that she will succeed? 你怀疑她会成功吗？
He doubts if/whether she will keep her word. 他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。
There is no doubt about/of it. 此事无可怀疑。
There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.
三、写作
以How to protect/save our environment/world? 为题写一篇120字左右的短文。
提示:存在问题:1.水污染越来越严重 2.砍伐森林严重 3. 大气污染严重 4. 白色垃圾等要求: 如何改善/保护环境? 至少:3---4个方面,。
范文: How to protect/save our environment/world?
The environmental pollution is worse and worse today. Water is polluted and clean drinking water can‘t be available to many people. Meanwhile, trees are being cutting down. In addition, white rubbish can be seen everywhere. What‘s worse, some factories are letting off poisonous smoke to the sky, causing air pollution.... People's health has been greatly affected and many people died of diseases.
As middle school students, we are supposed to spare no effort to protect our environment. First, we can save as much energy as possible. For example, we could remember to turn off the lights when leaving the house and turn off the tap after washing. Second, try to recycle wastes such as old newspapers, bottles and cans. Third, we can plant more trees to make our environment greener and cleaner.
In a word, the environment is very important and it‘s our duty to protect it. Please join us and take action.
四、【习题训练】
A组单项填空
1. I don't like _____you speak to her.
A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which
2. As far as I am ______, teaching children is something worthwhile.
A. concern
B. concerns
C. concerning
D. concerned
3. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _____pictures
of them. A. many of B. much C. a number of D. a large amount of
4. ——Can you help me with the maths homework, mom?
——You can‘t always _____ other‘s help for your homework. Do it by yourself this time.
A. wait on
B. rely on
C. insist on
D. turn on
5. We‘d better have some water in store before we ______.
A. have run out of it
B. have run out it
C. have run it out
D. have run it out of
6. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ______ my father.
A. find out
B. pick out
C. look out
D. speak out
7. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time
B. having time
C. to have time
D. to having time
8. I was just talking to Margret when Jackson _______.
A. cut in B .cut down C. cut out D. cut up
9. ______ is no doubt that the Rockets will defeat the Washington Wizards in the next game.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. There
10. He _____ his voice in order to be heard by all the people around the square.
A. lifted
B. held
C. rose
D. raised
B组完成译文根据中文原文完成下列各英文译文。（每空限填一个词）
1. 他的粗心导致了他在驾照考试中的失败。
His carelessness _________ _______ his failure in the driving test..
2. 总统开始发言,回答记者们的问题。
The president took ______ ______ and answered the journalists‘ questions.
3. 还有两个保护河流的政府特别项目正在实施之中。
Two special government projects are also ______ ______ to protect the river.
4. 长江是一系列鱼和动物的家园.
The Yangtze River is home to wide _________ ________ fish and animals.
5. 这栋新建的楼房是那栋旧楼房的三倍高。
The newly-built building is three times ______ ______ ______ the old one.
6. 他们俩在这件事情上意见相左。
Their opinions ________ ________ each other on this matter.
7. 他喜爱文学, 尤其是经典作品。
He is fond of literature, classics_______ __________.
8. 我们应尽我们的职责来帮助解决气候变化的问题.
We should do ______ _______ to help solve the problem of climate change.
Module 5 Unit 3 Science versus nature
一、【学习目标】
1.学习和人类与自然有关的单词、词组与句型。
2.运用所学词汇读懂关于人类与自然方面的文章，并能就此发表个人观点。
★本单元重要单词：
动词：
1克隆________ 2) 收养，领养；采用，采纳________ 3)收割（庄稼）_______
4) 使改变外观或性质（尤指往好的方向）；使改变形态______
5)实施；指挥乐队_________ 6) 证实，证明；确认；使确信________
7)使惊吓，使惊恐____________ 8)调整，修改；修饰__________
9) 插入，嵌入_______ 10) 获益；对……有用________
名词：
11) 克隆出来的动物或植物____________12)胚胎___________
13)(生物的)组织; 纸巾__________14) 怪物____________ 15)细胞;小隔间;电池_______ 16)哺乳动物_________17) 意图,目的; 企图_________ 18) 忧虑, 焦虑, 不安__________ 19) 女售货员; 女推销员___________ 20）意大利人;意大利语_________
21) 医师; 内科医生_________ 22) )山羊________ 23)结果,后果_______
24)收获;收成____________ 25) 概念, 观念________ 26) 罪；罪行_______
27) 男子, 家伙;同事,同类________ 28) 职业, 行业________29) 辐射,放射线________ 30) 突破__________ 31) 判断力;看法,评价;(法律)判决________
32) 关系,亲戚_________ 33)公共关系___________ 34) 多数,大多数__________
35)总结;概括,概要_____________ 36)仔细考虑;必须考虑的因素;体谅,顾及__________ 37)饥饿; 饥荒_______ 38) 营养_______ 39)农业_________
40) 水道;航道;隧道_______ 41) 赞同,支持;恩惠,帮助;偏爱,偏袒_______
42) 灾难,灾祸________43)资源___________44)英亩__________ 45)雨林________
46) 收入,收益_________ 47) 遗传学___________48)脱痒核糖核酸___________
49) 害虫___________50) 利润, 收益___________ 51)一系列;一连串(人或事)__________ 52)食物链________53)准许,许可,批准_________
形容词:
54)真实的,现实生活中的________ 55) 精确的,准确的_________56) 苏格兰的________ 57)法律许可的,合法的__________ 58)意大利的_________
59)原来的,起初的;首创的;非复制的__________ 60) 美味的,可口的_______
61)普通的,一般的_________62)可信赖的,可依靠的________63) 准确的;精确的_________ 64)短时间的,短暂的;简洁的,简单的________65)真实的,实际的_________
66)转基因的_________
副词:
67)从基因上,与基因基因相关________
Answers: 动词：
1.clone 2) adopt 3)harvest 4) transform 5)conduct
6) confirm 7)frighten 8)modify 9)insert 10) profit
名词：
11)clone 12)embryo 13) tissue 14) monster 15)cell 16)mammal 17) intention
18) anxiety 19) saleswoman 20）Italian 21) physician 22) goat 23)consequence
24)harvest 25) concept 26) crime 27) fellow 28)profession 29) radiation
30) breakthrough 31) judgement 32) relation 33)public relations 34) majority
35)summary 36)consideration 37)hunger 38) nutrition 39)agriculture
40)channel 41) favour 42) catastrophe 43)resource 44)acre 45)rainforest
46) income 47) genetics 48)DNA 49) pest 50) profit 51)chain 52)food chain 53)permission
形容词:
54)real-life 55) exact 56) Scottish 57)legal 58)Italian 59)original 60) tasty
61)ordinary 62)reliable 63) accurate 64)brief 65)actual 66)genetically modified
副词:
67)genetically
★本单元重要词组:
on (the) one hand…on the other hand…一方面…另一方面point out 指出
toy with 戏弄，摆弄；把….当儿戏on one‘s (the) way to doing sth即将成为…
in general 一般说来,大体上consider doing sth. 考虑做
with the intention of 为了，以…为目的show respect for 对...表示尊重
be anxious for sth/to do sth 非常渴望of one‘s own某人自己的
push ahead with 推进，推行succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事
for sale 待售，出售的use up 用完
comment on 评论end up doing/with sth 以……告终
in complete agreement with 完全赞同on a …note 从……角度来说
work out理解,算出; 实施in response to 对…做出回应
after all 毕竟;别忘了come across (偶尔)碰到，发现
be/get burnt 耗尽体力，累垮take…into consideration 认真考虑
make sense 有意义，讲得通in praise of 赞扬（某人）
put…in place准备就绪，布置妥当figure out 想出，理解，算出
the other day 几天前bring sb. to life使……苏醒
in favour of 赞同，支持from the point of view of 在某人看来
turn out 结果是follow in one‘s footsteps 追寻某人的足迹，效仿meet one‘s needs满足某人的要求be limited to局限于
二、【要点】
１．…we may be on our way to producing a real-life Frankenst ein‘s monster.
on one‘s (the) way to doing sth. ―在去…的途中；即将达到‖, to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词短语。She is well on the way to her recovery. 她就要康复了。
by the way 顺便问问，顺便说说by way of 途经 a way 在某种意义上，在某种程度上in one‘s (the) way 挡路in this way 用这种方式
２.on the one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面，一方面……而，常用来引出两种不同的观点，重点常在后一种观点。
On the one hand I'd like a job which pays more, but on the other hand I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.
３. Some scientists are now considering cloning human beings.
consider doing something 考虑（打算）做某事。后面常常用“ing”形式。例如：
I considered changing my job. 我曾经想换个工作。
The Chinese government is seriously considering bidding to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup. 中国政府正在认真考虑申办2018年世界杯足球赛。
这些动词常见的有：admit（承认）, appreciate（欣赏，感谢）, avoid（避免）, consider（考虑，打算）, delay（推迟）, dislike（讨厌）, enjoy（喜欢）, escape（逃脱）, feel like（想要）, finish, forgive（宽恕，原谅）, can‘t help（忍不住）, imagine（设想，想象）, involves（涉及，包括）, (not) mind（介意）, miss（逃脱，避免）, practice（训练）, prevent, resist（抵制）, risk （冒险）, suggest, etc. 例如：
Can you imagine settling on the moon someday? 你能想象有一天能住到月球上去吗？
The operation involves putting a small tube into the patient‘s heart. 这个手术包括把一根小导管植入病人的心脏。
另外，consider还可以是“认为（是）”的意思，常用复合宾语结构：
I consider it a great honour to be invited. 承蒙邀请我倍感荣幸。
adopt measures/new methods/an idea 采取措施/采用新办法/采纳意见
an adopted son 养子adopted words 外来词
Mr. King adopted the orphan as his own son. 金先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
We are willing to adopt your plan. 我们愿意采用你的计划。
[词语辨析]
▲adopt收养，领养；采用，采纳（议案、意见等）
▲adapt（使）适合，（使）适应
[常用词组] adapt…to…使…适应；adapt…for…改编
She had to adapt herself to local conditions. 她必须使自己适应当地的情况。
This English novel was adapted for the stage. 这部小说被改编成了剧本。
5. While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
6. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. (P42—Ls8-9) 第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。
to be cloned 作定语，修饰the first mammal。
名词前有序数词修饰，常用不定式作定语。
That was the first play to be performed that year.
[词语辨析]
normal, common, general和ordinary的用法比较
▲normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的” a normal child 智力正常的儿童
above /below normal 标准以上/下return to normal 恢复正常
The normal price of a ticket is $230! 一张票的正常价格是230英镑。
Her temperature is above normal. 她的体温高于正常体温。
▲common 强调“常见的, 不足为奇的; 共同的, 公共的, 公有的; 普通的”。如：
[常见词组]common interests 共同利益common knowledge 常识
in common with 和…一样in common 共同，共有，共用
It's a common bag, and you can find it in every store .这包很普通，哪个商店都有卖的。
Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。
▲ordinary: （与众多同类的东西相比）强调―平常的‖、―平淡无奇的‖。
[常见词组]ordinary dress 平常服装ordinary force【军】常规部队
out of the ordinary 不平常的，非凡的；例外的
The novel describes the way of life of the ordinary people there.
▲general 意为―普遍的‖，―一般的‖，“普通的；概括的，全面的，大体的，大致的”。[常见词组]the general opinion 一般的舆论
in general= generally 一般地；大体上；通常；多半；一般而言
Give me a general idea of the work. 告诉我这件工作的概括情况。
各种运动我一般都喜欢，尤其是足球。
拥有多数的；占多数的
a majority of 许多的，大量的the majority of 大多数的
At the meeting, young people were in the majority. 在会上年轻人占大多数。
The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health. 大多数医生认为，吸烟有害健康。The majority were/was against the plan. 多数人不赞成这个计划。
（注：majority与of连用，主要指人，谓语动词用复数。单独使用时，后面的谓语动词用单数或复数均可。）
9. Would anyone say development should be stopped in favour of nature?(P58Ls8-9)
1) in favour of意思是―赞同，支持‖，后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式，如：
The Council voted in favour of a €200 million hous ing development. 议会投票通过了一个2亿欧元的住房发展计划。
I talked to Sue about the travel plan, and she is all in favor of going. 我和苏谈过这个旅行计划，她完全同意去。
2) favour还可以构成许多其它词组，如：
in one‘s favour 有利于，对某人有利in somebody/something‘s favour 支持，赞同
do somebody a favour 帮某人一个忙ask somebody a favour 请某人帮个忙
return a favour 还某人一个人情
10．Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified food.(P59-Ls4-5) 1）句中nowhere … truer…是比较级形式表示最高级的意义。本句意思为：转基因食品就是最好的例子。
2）本句以否定词nowhere开头，为倒装语序。如：
Nowhere could I find a person to help me at that time.
三、写作以C loning, help or harm？为题，联系实际，结合自己的观点，写一篇120字以上的议论文。
C loning, help or harm？
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. It’s an advanced scientific product, which has caused much debate.
Some people think cloning has its advantages, because valuable tissues and organs can be produced to help cure many diseases and save human lives. It also can help the couples without children.
However, other people believe the disadvantages of cloning outweigh the advantages. If everything including humans can be cloned, there surely exist ethical(伦理) problems.
On a personal note, cloning has some good and bad effects on its application in human society. For example, I like tasty GM food but it doesn’t mean I like a c opy of me. Supposing that some day my copy commits a crime, how can I prove that I am not guilty. So whether cloning is helpful or harmful depends on how to use it. Using it properly, we can benefit a lot. But if we misuse it, no one can predict how negative the consequences could be. Thus, we have to take a cautious approach.
四、【习题训练】A组单项填空
1. He has decided to go abroad to study with the ______ of improving his English and finding a better job when he returns.
A. interview
B. intention
C. application
D. consideration
2. Jim was very happy yesterday because he _______ the book that he wanted.
A. came to
B. came across
C. came about
D. came out
3. The couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to _______ one.
A. adapt
B. receive
C. adopt
D. keep
4.______ English can be difficult to learn, it is a very useful tool for communication.
A. Because
B. As
C. Once
D. While
5. We were ordered to __________ our research into people‘s diets.
A. push ahead with
B. push ahead
C. go ahead
D. pull ahead with
6. When the headmaster spoke out his plan, the _______of the students in the class _______ against it.
A. majority; were
B. most; were
C. most; did
D. majority; did
7. All the candidates were _______ the street to be named after a great man _______ his great contributions to the city.
A. in favor of; in need of C. in praise of; in favor of
C. in praise of; in need of C. in favor of; in honor of
8. When it comes to job interviews, first , including the way you speak, are extremely
important.
A．introductions B．impressions C．considerations D．permissions
9. Generally speaking, the speaker would make a(n) self-introduction before beginning
his topic.
A．actual B．accurate C．brief D．original
10. —The last one pays the meal.
—Agreed!
A．arrived B．to arrive C．arrives D．arriving
B组完成译文根据中文原文完成下列各英文译文。（每空限填一个词）
1. 别这么拼命，------你会累坏的。
Stop working so hard--- you‘ll get __________ ________.
2. 如果你把要花在维修上的钱考虑进去，这房子就有点贵了。
If you ______ _____ _________ the money you will spend on repairs, this house is a little bit expensive.
3. 该官员拒绝对此事发表意见。
The official refused to ___________ ______ the matter.
4. 我们将买更多的电脑以满足学生的需要。
We will buy more computers to ______the _________ of the students.
5. 为了学法语，他去了法国。
He went to France _____ the _________ of learning French.
6. 他希望追随杨利伟的脚步成为一名宇航员。
He has hopes of ________ the ___________ Yang Liwei and becoming an astronaut.
7. 如果你继续行窃, 你终将以搬起石头砸自己的脚而告终.
If you continue to steal, you'll _____ _____ lifting a stone only to have it drop on your own foot.
8. 现将那块地按该价出售，任何人都可购买。
The land is now ______ ______ at that price to anyone.
模块五语法非谓语动词
1. 概念和功能：做非谓语成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补)的动词形式，包括-ing 分词，不定式和-ed分词。
2. 非谓语动词使用条件：一个简单句里只能有一个谓语动词，是主要动作；如果还需要用动词，则只能用非谓语动词作其它成分，表示次要动作(如果一个句子里面有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，必定各自有自己的主语，每一套主谓结构实际就是一个小简单句，每两个小简单句之间应该有连词来表达它们之间的逻辑关系，这样的大句子就不是简单句，而是复杂句了）。
3. 各种非谓语动词的形式和含义：
1) 不定式：
(1) to do:
A. 意义：多表后时，后于主要动作（一般为谓语动作）发生；少数动词表示和主要动作相比是一个常态或者经常发生或者是一个泛指动作；多表示主动关系，少数表示和相关名词或代词有动宾关系
B. 句法功能：可作除谓语之外的任何成分（主，宾，表，定，状，宾补）
C. 例句：
To be a teacher is my dream. (主)
I don‘t want to drink.(宾)Her intention is to advocate f oreign language study.(表)I am advertising for a young woman to look after my baby.(定，主动关系)She has nobody to talk with.(定，动宾关系)She worked day and night to work out a solution.(状)Parents expect their children to succeed.(宾补)
(2) to be done:
A. 意义：时间关系同to do；表示被动关系
B. 句法功能：同to do.
C. 例句: It‘s nothing funny to be called a liar..(主,泛指动作)I don‘t want to be made to eat dog food.(宾)My dream is to be accepted by Oxford University.(表)The meeting to be held is about environmental protection. (定)To be protected by the police, she has to report to them about her situation. （状）The children wanted their efforts to be appreciated.(宾补)
(3) to be doing / to have done / to have been done / to have been doing:
A. 意义：与主要动作完全同时（正在进行）；主动关系/先于主要动作发生；主动关系/先于主要动作发生；被动关系/在主要动作之前开始一直延续到主要动作或者在主要动作之前某一点时刻正在发生；主动关系
B. 句法功能：
这四种形式的不定式一般只和固定搭配中使用，如：seem/appear/pretend/be likely/be said/be thought/be considered/ be reported/be believed /be supposed / turn out /mean/intend等+不定式
C. 例句：They pretended to be fighting when the police passed by. = They pretended that they were fighting…
They are said to have cloned animals before. = It‘s said that they have cloned…
She is likely to have been trained as a zoo keeper. = It‘s likely that she was trained as a zoo keeper.
She is reported to have been working on the plan these days. = It‘s reported that she has been working on…
2) –ing分词
(1) doing
A. 意义：与主要动作相比是同时关系，有时候表示是一个泛指动作；主动关系（表示泛指动作时是动作发出者是泛指的任何人）
B. 句法功能：
可作除谓语之外的任何成分（主，宾，表，定，状，宾补）
C. 例句：Praising children can work better than criticizing them.(主/宾，泛指动作) Teachers enjoy pointing out their students’ mistakes. (宾) Seeing is believing.(主/表，泛指动作) scientists pushing ahead with the research(定) Using up the Earth’s coal and oil reserves, the human race has to find alternative energy.(状) Keep the ball rolling(宾补)
(2) being done
A. 意义：时间关系同doing。被动关系。
B. 句法功能：主，宾，表，定，状，宾补
C. Being built, the bridge suddenly collapsed.(状) Being interfered with while studying can be the worst thing.(主) the boy being beaten (定)I can‘t stand being blamed for nothing wrong.(宾) What I really enjoy is being amused by stand-ups. (表) Seeing the front door being painted, I got in through the back door.
(3) having done
A. 意义：先于主要动作发生；主动关系
B. 句法功能：多做状语，有时做主，宾，表（不做定语和宾补）
C. 例句：I am sorry for having been / being late for the assembly yesterday.(宾)
Having done a similar job before gives him an advantage over me.(主)
The only thing you can tell him is your having worked as a teacher.(表) Having worked as a primary school teacher, he soon adapted to being with children.(状)
(4) having been done
A. 意义：先于主要动作发生；被动关系。做状语时，如果不需要特别强调此一动作发生在先，having been可省略。但如果强调已发生多少次或多久, 最好不省略。
B. 句法功能：同having done
C. 例句：Having been criticized for making a small mistake really upsets me.(主)
I admit having been / being fired by the company.(宾) What I told her is my having been employed by the company. (表) (Having been) Educated in Scotland, he knows British table manners well.(状)
Having been humiliated several times, he didn‘t want to attend these parties any more.
3) done
A. 意义：多表示先于主要动作发生（但持续性动词一般没有这个含义，而是表示是一个常态）；被动关系
B. 句法功能：定，状，表，宾补
（做状语时有时可以和having been done互换。见上解释。
C. 例句：the subject discussed at the meeting (定) (Having been)Completed, the building looks very beautiful.(状) The lake is heavily polluted.(表) They left the houses destroyed.(宾补)
4. 非谓语动词短语的否定构成：not或其它否定词+非谓语动词短语
5. 练习
1）更正下列句中动词错误
(1) There are many people are watching the game.
(2) Foreigners learn English is very difficult.
(3) Find a place to park is not easy.
(4) Waiting for her bus, a car hit her.
(5) To learn English well, her father bought her a dictionary.
(6) Teenagers easily become interesting in this game.
(7) Making such a stupid mistake is terribly embarrassed.
(8) It was silly of you believe what he said.
(9) Most children are interested in listen to stories.
(10) Jim is very good at making things and repair them.
(11) He decided to go to the south, find a good job and living there.
(12) His sister will get married on Monday, Thomas will take Sunday and Monday off.
(13) I suggest her to take her son on the trip.
(14) Practising medicine is my wish.
(15) I have nobody to talk.
2) 将下列各句中的从句改造成非谓语动词短语
(1) When I was serving a customer, I heard someone shouting for help.
(2) As she had passed all the tests, she got her diploma.
(3) That he is still dependent on his parents makes him a laughing stock.
(4) As he is inspired by the hero‘s experience, he decides to work harder to achieve his goal.
(5) Since the weather is becoming fine, we will hold the sports meeting tomorrow.
(6) The moment he heard the news, he cried.
(7) When he had opened the door, the bird flew out.
(8) He got up very early so that he would catch the six thirty bus.
Module 5 Unit 1
A组1-5 CDACD 6-10 DDDAA
B组1. without hesitation 2. in public 3 get through 4 couldn‘t help
5 like drinking 6. keep her word 7 committed to 8.discourage from
Module 5 Unit 2
A组
1-5 ADCBA 6-10 BBADD
B组 1. resulted in 2. took the floor 3. under way ４.range of
5. the height of
6. conflicted with
7. in particular
8. our part
Module 5 Unit 3
A组1-5 BBCDA 6-10 ACBCB
B组 1. burnt out 2. take into consideration https://www.doczj.com/doc/f69221334.html,ment on 4. meet needs/demands
5.with intention
6. following footsteps
7. end up
8. for sale
非谓语动词：
1）更正下列句中动词错误：
(1) people watching (2) It‘s very difficult for foreigners to learn English.
(3) To find a place / Finding a place (4) she was hit by a car
(5) she got her father to buy her a / For her to learn (6) interested (7) embarrassing (8) to believe (9)in listening (10) repairing (11) live
(12) With his sister to get married / Because his sister (13) her taking (14)To practise (15) to talk to / with
2) 将下列各句中的从句改造成非谓语动词短语：
(1)When serving a / Serving a (2) Having passed all (3) Still being dependent
(4)Inspired by (5) The weather becoming fine (6) Hearing the news
(7)Having opened (8)in order to catch/ to catch