Unit 2
1. Cool one’s heels ，be forced to wait
2.attest to,testify to
3. apocalyptic, predicting the end of the world
4. not at all or in any respect
5.ponconsul(prō-k?n′s?l), A high administrator in one of the modern colonial empires.
6.ruminate(roo′m?-nāt′), turn a matter over and over in the mind.,go over---
7.nattering, chatter.ing,noisy,talk idly
8.fortify, encourage:, make strong
9.academe(?k′?-dēm′), a. The academic environment;；b. Academic life.
10.shrink,psychiatrist
11.subliminal /?s?b?l?m.?.n?l/,
not recognized by the conscious mind
12.truism /tru?.?.z?m/,obvious truth,a statement that is so obviously true that it
is almost not worth saying:
II.
1.worthy,having worth or merit or value
2.plead, appeal or request earnestly;
3.procrastinatio n,[pro??kr?st?'ne??n]
,putting off or delaying an action to a later time
The Fine Art of Putting Things Off
拖延的艺术
Michael Demarest
迈克尔·德马雷斯特
1"Never put off till tomorrow," exhorted Lord Chesterfield in 1749, "what you can do today." That the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom attests（证明） to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever. Quintus Fabius Maximus, one of the great Roman generals, was dubbed "Cunctator”(Delayer拖延者) for putting off battle until the
last possible vinum ['va?n?m]break（休息）. Moses pleaded a speech defect（语言表达缺陷） to rationalize（找理由） his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edicts （法令）to Pharaoh. Hamlet, of course, raised procrastination（拖延） to an art form.
“今天能做的事情决不要推到明天。”切斯特菲尔德伯爵在1794年劝告儿子说。但是这位高雅的伯爵一直没有抽出时间来与孩子他妈举行婚礼，也没有让
约翰逊博士等名士在接待室久等的坏习惯。这足以证明，用心最善之人亦可是拖沓之士。罗马的一位大将军昆塔斯·费边·马克西姆斯为了有尽可能多的机会喝酒消闲，常常推迟战斗，被人起了“拖延者”的绰号；摩西不愿向法老传达耶和华的法令，便借口说自己语言有缺陷；当然哈姆雷特更是把拖延上升为一种艺术形式。
2"The world is probably about evenly divided between delayers and do-it-nowers. There are those who prepare their income taxes in February, prepay mortgages and serve precisely planned dinners at an ungodly（难以忍受的） 6:30 p.m. The other half dine happily on leftovers at 9 or 10, misplace bills and file for an extension of the income tax deadline. They seldom pay credit-card bills until the apocalyptic （警告性的）voice of Diners（大来信用卡） threatens doom from Denver（丹佛总部）. They postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop, dentist or doctor.
世上的人基本上可以均等地分成两类：拖延者和马上行动者。有些人二月份就准备好交个人所得税，预先偿还抵押借款，按计划准时在常人难以忍受的六点半开饭；另一些人则乐于在九点或十点时吃些剩饭剩菜、错放账单和文件以期延长缴税的期限。他们非要等到信用卡总部警告他们后果自负才肯去付信用卡上的帐。就像浮士德遇见魔鬼一样，他们推迟去理发店、去看牙医或看医生。
3Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul. Jean Kerr, author of many successful novels and plays, says that she reads every soup-can and jamjar label in her kitchen before settling down to her typewriter.Many a writer focuses on almost anything but his task—for example, on the Coast and Geodetic（土地的） Survey of Maine's Frenchman Bay and Bar Harbor, stimulating his imagination with names like Googins Ledge, Blunts Pond, Hio Hill and Burnt Porcupine, Long Porcupine, Sheep Porcupine and Bald Porcupine islands.
尽管拖延会带来诸多不便，但拖延经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。写下许多成功小说和剧本的作家琼·克尔说，她要把厨房里每个汤罐头和酱瓶子上的标签看上一遍后，才能安心地坐在打字机前。许多作家都关注着他们任务之外的各种杂事，譬如，关注在缅因州的法国人海湾和巴尔海港进行的海岸和土地测量，其中的地名，如古金斯（姓氏）暗礁、布伦特（迟钝）池塘、黑奥（含碘）山、伯恩特（焦烤）豪猪、朗（长条）豪猪、希皮（绵羊）豪猪以及鲍尔德（光秃）豪猪岛，都激起了他们的想象。
4From Cunctator's day until this century, the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military ("Hurry up and wait"), diplomacy and the law. In former times, a British proconsul （总督）faced with a native uprising could comfortably ruminate['ru?m?ne?t](思考) about the situation with Singapore Sling
（酒） in hand. Blessedly, he had no nattering Telex to order in machine guns and fresh troops. A U.S. general as late as World War II could agree with his enemy counterpart to take a sporting day off, loot the villagers' chickens and wine and go back to battle a day later. Lawyers are among the world's most addicted postponers. According to Frank Nathan, a non-postponing Beverly Hills insurance salesman, "The number of attorneys（律师） who die without a will is amazing."
从“拖延者”年代到本世纪，拖延的艺术实际上被军事“赶快、待命”）、外交和法律所垄断。在过去，英国殖民地总督，面对当地人的起义，可以端着酒，安逸地思考民族叛乱的形式。庆幸的是，他没有通过电传机来喋喋不休地命令：增加机关枪、增派军队。早在二战时，美国将军还可以跟敌方将军达成协议，休假一天去打猎，去掠夺村民的鸡和酒，次日再战。律师是世界上最积习难改的延误者。据贝弗利山的从不拖沓的保险推销员弗兰克·内森说，“没有留下遗嘱就去世的律师数不胜数。”
5Even where there is no will, there is a way. There is a difference, of course, between chronic（习惯性的）procrastination and purposeful postponement, particularly in the higher echelons（机构）of business. Corporate dynamics（制度、力量） encourage the caution that breeds delay, says Richard Manderbach, Bank of America group vice president. He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly. The data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction—another report to be read, another authority to be consulted. "There is always," says Manderbach, "a delicate edge between having enough information and too much."
无志者，事也成。当然，习惯性拖延和刻意延缓是有差别的，特别是在商业机构高层中。美洲银行集团副总裁查理德·曼德巴赫说，企业制度鼓励谨慎行事，由此滋生了拖延。他提到，仓促行事往往导致尴尬的局面，或付出沉重的代价。信息爆炸鼓励了那些为自己的懒惰找借口的人——还有一篇报告要读，还有以个权威人士要咨询。曼德巴赫说：“数据的充分与盈余之间总有条微妙的界线。”
6His point is well taken.Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal—and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made. The centralization of government that led to Watergate has spread to economic institutions and beyond, making procrastination a worldwide way of life. Many languages are studded with（充满了） phrases that refer to putting things off—from the Spanish ma?ana to the Arabic bukra fil mishmish (literally "tomorrow in apricots," more loosely "leave it for the soft spring weather when the apricots are blooming").
他的观点被广为接受。随着政府负担日益加重和社会日趋复杂，官僚化盛行开来，其目的就是用合法性、妥协性和重新评估来掩盖政策制定者的官僚行为——美其名曰不会做出草率的决定。导致水门事件的政府集权化已经蔓延至经济组织以及其他领域，使得拖沓成为世界性的一种生活方式。各种语言中有关延迟的短语比比皆是——从西班牙语manana（在将来某个不确定的时间）到阿拉伯的bukrafil mishmash （字面意思“明天的杏树”，其含义是“等到春暖花开时。”）
7Academe also takes high honors in procrastination. Bernard Sklar, a University of Southern California sociologist who churns out three to five pages of writing a day, admits that "many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page. There are all sorts of rationalizations: the pressure of teaching,
responsibilities at home, checking out the latest book, looking up another footnote."
学术界也很推崇推衍。南加利福尼亚大学社会家伯纳德·斯克拉每天辛辛苦苦才搞出三至五页的东西来，他坦称“我很多朋友面对一张张空白纸都感到非常痛苦。我们有各种各样的理由：教学压力、家庭责任、查看新书、查实脚注。”
8Psychologists maintain that the most assiduous procrastinators are women, though many psychologists are (at $50-plus an hour) pretty good delayers themselves. Dr. Ralph Greenson, a U.C.L.A. professor of clinical psychiatry (and Marilyn Monroe's onetime shrink), takes a fairly gentle view of procrastination. "To many people," he says, "doing something, confronting, is the moment of truth. All frightened people will then avoid the moment of truth entirely, or evade or postpone it until the last possible moment." To Georgia State Psychologist Joen Pagan, however, procrastination may be a kind of subliminal（潜意识） way of sorting（甄别） the important from the trivial. "When I drag my feet, there's usually some reason," says Fagan. "I feel it, but I don't yet know the real reason."
心理学家认为女人是最勤勉的拖延者，尽管很多心理学家（虽然每小时收50美金或更多）他们自己也非常拖沓。拉尔夫·格林森博士是加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的临床精神病疗法的教授（他曾是马丽莲·梦露的精神病医生），他对待拖延的态度比较温和。他说：“对很多人来说，做事、解决困难就是面对真相的时刻。于是所有害怕的人都尽量地完全回避、逃避真相，或者推迟到最后一刻。”但是，在佐治亚洲心理学家乔恩·费根看来，拖延也许是人甄别事情轻重缓急一种潜意识行为方式。“我拖延总是有原因的，”费根说，“我能感觉到它，只是说不出个所以然来。”
9In fact, there is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed. It is something of a truism that to put off making a decision is itself a decision. The parliamentary process is essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or an entree（舞曲）, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough's architects and laborers 15 years to construct. In the process, the design can mellow and marinate（成熟和完善）. Indeed, hurry can be the assassin of elegance. As T.H. White, author of Sword in the Stone, once wrote, time "is not meant to be devoured in an hour or a day, but to be consumed delicately and gradually and without haste." In other words, pace Lord Chesterfield, what you don't necessarily have to do today, by all means put off until tomorrow.
事实上，拖延的历史悠久而光荣，这意味着如果推迟一下，许多想法和决定就可能有所改进。推迟做决定本身就是一个决定，这话不无道理。议会辩论环节实际上就是一个拖延和审议的过程。同样，创作一幅名画、谱写一段舞曲、写作一本书，或建造一个像布兰希姆宫那样的建筑，这耗用了马尔伯勒公爵的建筑师及工人们15年的时间才建成，这些也都是这种延迟和拖延的过程。在此期间，设计可能不断成熟和完善。确实，仓促会葬送雅致。《石之剑》的作者T·H·怀特曾写道，时间“并不是要一小时或一天就挥霍掉，而是应该小心翼翼地、缓慢地、
不慌不忙地去享受。”换言之，不敢苟同尊敬的大名鼎鼎的切斯特菲尔德伯爵，（笔者认为）今天不必做的事，完全可以拖延到明天再做吧！
人教版九年级英语unit2第二单元单词.短语和知识点Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious! lantern /l?nt? (r)n/ n. 灯笼p.9 stranger /streind?? (r)/ n. 陌生人p.10 relative /rel?tiv/ n. 亲属；亲戚 put on 增加（体重）；发胖 pound /paund/ n. 磅（重量单位）；英镑 folk /f?ul k/ adj. 民间的；民俗的 goddess /g?des/, /gA:d@s/ n. 女神p.11 steal /sti:l/ v. (stole /st?u l/, stolen /st?u l?n/) 偷；窃取p.11 lay /lei/ v. (laid /leid/, laid) 放置；产（卵） lay out 摆开；布置 dessert /di’z?:(r)t/ n （饭后）甜点；甜食p.11 garden /ga:(r)dn/ n. 花园；园子p.11 admire /?dmai? (r)/ v. 欣赏；仰慕p.11 tie /tai/ n. 领带v. 捆；束 haunted /h?:ntid/ a. 有鬼魂出没的 ghost /g?u st/ n. 鬼；鬼魂 trick /trik/ n. 花招；把戏 treat /tri:t/ n. 款待；招待;请客 spider /spaid?r)/ n. 蜘蛛p.13 Christmas /krism?s/n. 圣诞节 fool /fu:l/ n. 蠢人；傻瓜v. 愚弄adj. 愚蠢的 lie /laI/ v. (lay /leI/, lain /leIn/) 平躺；处于 novel /n?vl/, /na:vl/ n. （长篇）小说 eve /i:v/ n （尤指宗教节假日的）前夕；前夜bookstore /bukst?:(r)/ n. 书店p.17 dead /ded/ adj. 死的；失去生命的p.14 business /bizn?s/ n. 生意；商业p.14 punish /p?nis/ v. 处罚；惩罚p.14 warn /w?:(r)n/ v. 警告；告诫p.14 present /preznt/ n. 现在；礼物adj. 现在的p.14 nobody /n?u b?di/, /n?u ba:di/ pron. 没有人p.14 warmth /w?:(r)mθ/ n. 温暖；暖和p.14
Unit1 The Burden of Womanhood 女人的负担 Too often in the Third World, a female?s life is hardly worth living. 往往在第三世界，女性的生活几乎是不值得活的。 By: John Ward Anderson & Molly Moore 约翰.沃德.安德森和莫莉.摩尔1.When Rani returned home from the hospital cradling her newborn daughter, the men in the family slipped out of her mud hut while she and her mother-in-law mashed poisonous oleander seeds into a dollop of oil and dropped it into the baby?s throat. As soon as darkness fell, Rani crept into a nearby field and buried her baby girl in a shallow, unmarked grave next to a small stream. 当拉尼抱着她刚出生的女儿从医院回到家时，男人们溜出了她的土屋，她和她的婆婆将有毒的夹竹桃种子捣碎成一团油，并将其塞到婴儿的喉咙里。夜幕一降临，拉尼就蹑手蹑脚地来到附近的一块土地，将她的女婴埋在一条小溪浅旁边的一个不深的、没有标记的坟墓内。 2.“I never felt any sorrow,” Rani, a farm laborer with a weather-beaten face, said through an interpreter. “There was a lot of bitterness in my heart toward the baby because the gods should have given me a son.” “我从来没有感到任何悲哀”，脸部饱经风霜的拉尼通过翻译说，“我的心对孩子充满了辛酸，因为神本应该赐予我一个儿子”。 3.Each year hundreds and perhaps thousands of newborn girls in India are murdered by their mothers simply because they are female. Some women believe that sacrificing a daughter guarantees a son in the next pregnancy. In other cases, the family cannot afford the dowry that would eventually be demanded for a girl?s marriage. 在印度每年有数百甚至数千名新生女婴被他们的母亲谋杀，只因为他们是女孩。有些妇女认为，牺牲一个女儿将保证下次怀孕是儿子。在其他情况下，家庭买不起女孩结婚时所需的嫁妆。 4.And for many mothers, sentencing a daughter to death is better than condemning her to life as a woman in the Third World, with cradle-to-grave discrimination, poverty, sickness and drudgery. 对于很多母亲而言，判处女儿死刑胜过让她在第三世界作为一个女人生活，经历一辈子的歧视、贫困、疾病和劳苦。 5. While women in the United States and Europe-----after decades of struggling for equal rights----often measure sex discrimination by pay scales and seats in corporate board rooms, women in the Third World gauge discrimination by mortality rates and poverty levels. 虽然欧美国家的妇女，在经过了几十年对平等权利的抗争之后，通常以工薪标准和董事会中的席位来衡量性别歧视，但第三世界的妇女以死亡率和贫困程度来衡量歧视。 6. “Women are the most exploited among the oppressed,” says Kauna Chanana Ah med, a New Delhi anthropologist who has studied the role of women in developing countries. “I don?t think it ?s even possible to eradicate discrimination, it?s so deeply ingrained.” “妇女是最受压迫和剥削的”，研究妇女在发展中国家的地位的新德里的人类学家Karuna
English Football Culture Key words: Culture, English, Football In today’s world, football has become the world's first sport. World Cup has become a platform for the football player to show their level of football, but also in front of the world’s peo ple. Because of football, the world of people linked to together, although football originated in China, but the modern football started in the United Kingdom. Rules, professional, football managers and game system complete leagues, they have been found in the late 19th century. The professional football is considered as a new life start to 20 century. The rise of English football Early in the 19th century, the British initially realized urbanization. With the revolution, more and more went to city and lived in towns. Accompanied by a fundamental change in production technology and economic development, the quality of people's life changed, people's material needs were meet, then it needed to pursue a higher level, spiritual and cultural level of demand were transported. Football developed rapidly in this environment. First a large number of workers who were physically strong had some leisure time for sport and fun to play as entertainment. Second the people play football found their own spiritual sustenance, quickly established a lot of football teams in industrial cities such as Manchester, Newcastle. A factory as a unit, a streets as a unit, there were a variety of units. You can imagine the scene at that time, you can also imagine how much the exciting of football emergence, which is not difficult to understand why the English has so strong football tradition, so deep feelings.
判断题 第一单元 1、Britain is no longer an imperial（帝国）country(T) 2、The Commonwealth（英联邦）of Nations includes all European countries(F) 3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity（种族）(F) 4、The stereotype（刻板印象）of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people(T) 5、When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes(T) 6、The Scots and Welsh（苏格兰和威尔士）have a strong sense of being British(F) 7、Scotland（苏格兰）was never conquered by the Romans（罗马人）(T) 8、Most people in Scotland speak the Celtic（凯尔特）language, called “Gaelic” (F) 9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means(T) 10、Wales（威尔士）is rich in coal（煤炭）deposits（存款）(T) 11、Cardiff（卡迪夫）, the capital of Wales, is a large city(F) 12、The title of Prince（王子）of Wales is held by a held by a Welsh according to tradition(F) 第二单元 1、Ireland is part of Great Britain(F) 2、“Ulster（阿尔斯特）”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom（王国）(T) 3、The capital of Belfast（贝尔法斯特）is a large city with half a million people(F) 4、Northern Ireland is significant（重要的）because of its manufacturing（制造业）industry(F) 5、The majority of Irish people were descendants（后代）of the original Celtic（凯尔特）people who inhabited British Isles（群岛）before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago(T) 6、Most British people are Protestants（新教徒）while most Irish people are Catholics（天主教徒）(T) 7、The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland(T) 8、Sinn Fein（新芬党）is a legal political party in Northern Ireland(T) 9、The Anglo-Irish（岗格鲁-爱尔兰）Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist （政府军）Protestant community（社区）their to decide their future in Northern Ireland(T) 10、The Good Friday Agreement（协议）was approved on 10 April 1998(T) 11、Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions（司法管辖区）: thatf Republic（共和国）of Ireland that of Great Britain(F) 第三单元 1、It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy（民主）in the world(F) 2、In Britain, the process of state-building（国家建设）has been one of evolution rather than revolution, contrast to France and the US（与法国和美国相比）(T)
Unit2 I think that mooncakes are delicious! 一、Words mooncake lantern stranger relative pound folk goddess whoever steal lay（laid-laid）dessert garden tradition admire tie hunted ghost trick treat spider Christmas lie(lay-lain ) novel eve dead business punish warn present warmth spread 二、Phrases ⒈the Water Festival ⒉the Dragon Festival ⒊the Chinese Spring Festival ⒋the Lantern Festival ⒌on the Mid-Autumn Festival ⒍Mother’s / Father’s Day ⒎eat out ⒏give out ⒐lay out ⒑call out ⒒.care about ⒓wash away ⒔shoot down ⒕come back ⒖fly up to ⒗end up ⒘wake up. ⒙dress up ⒚end up ⒛remind sb. of 21 think of 22. in the tradition of 23. in the shape of. 24 . the spirit of 25. the beginning of 26.the importance of 27. play a trick on sb. 28. one …the other … 29. in need 30.not only …but also … 31.put on 32.sound like 33.be similar to 34.each other 35.at night 36.as a result 37. go to…for one’s vacation 三、Sentences 1. What a great day! 2. I know that the Water Festival is really fun. 3. I wonder whether June is a good time to visit HongKong. 4. How pretty the dragon boats were. 5. It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead. 6. I think that they’ re fun to watch. 我认为它们看着很有意思。 7. What do you like about… ? 8. What do you like best about the Dragon Boat Festival? 关于端午节，你最喜欢什么？ 9. How+adj. /adv. + 主+ 谓！ How fantastic the dragon boat teams were! 龙舟队多棒啊！ 10. What do/does+sb. + think of sth. ? What does Wu Yu think of this festival? 吴宇觉得这个节日怎么样？ 四、Grammar ⒈宾语从句 ⑴宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。三大考点：引导词、时态和语序。 ①由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语构成 宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。 eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 常由下面的一些词引导： ②由that 引导that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语 和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. ③由if , whether 引导表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等) I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
1.p6 UNIT 1 3a:In ten years,I think I"ll be a reporter.I"ll live inShanghai, 十年后，我想我会成为一名记者。我将住在上海因为去年我去了上海，立即爱上了这座城市。上海真的是座优美的城市。作为一名记者，我想我会遇到很多有趣的人。我想我会和自己最好的朋友住在一套公寓里，因为我不愿意独居。我会养宠物，因为我妈妈讨厌宠物，况且公寓太小；所以我现在一个宠物也没有。十年后，我会拥有许多不同的宠物。我可能甚至养一只鹦鹉！我也许每天去溜冰和游泳。工作日里，我每天打扮精干或许会着一身西装。逢到周末，我穿得更休闲些。我想我会去香港度假，甚至有一天我会去澳大利亚游览。 1.p8 UNIT 1 3a:Do you think you will have your own robot? 你认为你将会有属于自己的机器人么？ 在一些科幻电影里，未来的人们都拥有自己的机器人。这些机器人就像人类一样。他们帮助人们做家务和大多数令人感到厌烦的工作。 一些科学家相信将来会有这样的机器人。然而他们赞同者也需要花几百年的时间才能成为现实。科学家们正在试图研制看似人类且能和我们作相同工作的机器人。一些日本的公司已经制造出能走路和跳舞的机器人。这种机器人看起来非常有趣。 但是研究机器人的科学家詹姆斯怀特并不认同这类观点。他认为要让机器人向人类一样做事情是非常困难的。比如说，对一个孩子来说要醒来并知道自己身处何处是很简单的。怀特认为机器人不能做到这一点。但是其他的科学家并不赞成。他们认为在未来的25到30年间，机器人就能和人类谈话。 研究机器人的科学家们不只是在试图让机器人外观接近人类。比如说，现在已经有能在工厂工作的机器人了。这些机器人看起来就像巨大的胳膊。他们能一边又一遍重复简单的工作。人类不喜欢做这类工作而且容易对此感到厌烦。但机器人永远不会厌倦。 在未来，将到处都有更多的机器人，而人类要做的工作就更少了。新的机器人会有很多不同的形状。一些看起来像人类，其他的可能像蛇。在发生地震后，一种蛇形机器人能够帮助寻找建筑下埋着的人。这在现在看来还不可实现，但在一百年之前，电脑，太空火箭甚至电动牙刷也被视作不可能的存在的。我们永远都不能了解未来会发生什么！ 2. p14 UNIT 2 3a: Dear Mary, I have a problem, and I need your help. 亲爱的玛丽： 我有一个问题，我需要你的帮助。我经常以为我在学校里十分受欢迎。但是我才发现我的朋友们在为我的一位最要好的朋友准备生日派对，可是他们没有邀请我，除了我，我们班的其他人都受到了邀请。我不知道为什么。我并不知道我哪里做错了。我感到很沮丧却也不知道应该去做什么。你是怎么想的？你能帮我吗？ 您孤单的孩子
The Resource Management Act 资源管理法案 The Resource Management Act reflects New Zealander’s environmental awareness. Under the Act, laws governing land,air and water resources are combined together to ensure the sustainable management of natural resources. It focuses on the effects of human activities on the whole environment as well. The Act came into force in 1991. With it , New Zealand leads the world in environmental legislation. 资源管理法案反映了新西兰人的环保意识。根据该法案，法律将土地，空气和水资源结合在一起管理，以确保自然资源的可持续管理。它侧重于人类活动对整个环境的影响。该法案于1991生效。有了它，新西兰在环境立法方面领先世界。 Maoritanga 毛利文化 Maoritanga is the Maori word for “ Maori culture. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their languages, customs and traditions. 毛利文化是毛利语中的“毛利文化。它是指在新西兰土著居民丰富的文化遗产中的所有元素，包括他们的语言，习俗和传统。 MMPR 混合成员比例代表制 MMPR stands for Mixed Member Proportional Representation. Under this new election system, each voter has two votes, the first one for a candidate in their electorate, the second for a political party. The second vote, when counted nation-wide, decides the number of seats each party will take in Parliament. MMPR代表混合成员比例代表制。在这种新的选举制度下，每一个选民都有两张选票，第一张是投给选民的候选人，第二个是投给政党的候选人。当第二次投票在全国范围内举行时，将决定各个党派在议会中所占的席数。 The Ombudsman申述专员 The Ombudsman is appointed by Parliament. His responsibilities are to investigate people’s complaints against government departments and local authorities and to make sure that appropriate official information is freely available in accordance to the Official Information Act. There are Chief Ombudsman and specialist ombudsman in various fields. 申诉专员是由议会任命的。他的职责是调查人们对政府部门和地方当局的投诉，并确保根据官方信息法适当的提供免费的官方信息。在各个领域都有首席监察官和专家申诉专员。
人教版九年级上册英语Unit 2 重要知识点总结 Unit2 I think that mooncakes are delicious! 第一课时(P9--10) 一、常用短语 1、Spring festival 春节 2、the Lantern Festival 元宵节 3、the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 4、the Water Festival 泼水节 5、April Fool’s day 愚人节 6、Tree Planting Day 7、May Day 五一劳动节8、Women’s Day 妇女节 9. be fun to watch 看着很有意思 have fun doing干什么有趣 have problems/trouble/difficulty in doing干什么困难 have a hard/difficult time in doin g 干什么艰难 10. eat five meals a day 一天吃五餐 11. put on five pounds 体重增加了五磅lose weight 减肥 12. in two weeks 两星期之后（用how soon 提问） 13. be similar to... 与.......相似the same as 和…一样be different from与..不同 14.good luck 好运气adj lucky adv luckily 15.throw water at each other 互相泼水 16、go to… for vacation 去、、、度假 二、重点句式 1、What a great day it is != How great a day it is! 感叹句式一：What+（a/an）+adj+可数名词单数名词（+主语+谓语+其他）！ = How +adj+ (a/an) +可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他！多么……！ 感叹句式二：What +adj +可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！多么……！ What interesting books (they are !) = How interesting the books are! 感叹句式三：：What +adj +可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！ = How + adj +主语+谓语! What fine weather it is! = How fine the weather is!
人教版高中英语必修四课文翻译 第一单元：非洲野生动物研究者 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一切回窝里睡觉了。我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。从孩提时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。但是，这不是一件简单的事。当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。 40年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。我会对自己说：‘难道它们不幸运吗？’然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记……” 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作；获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。
九年级英语上册语言知识点检测题（仁爱版） Unit 2 Saving the earth Topic 2 How does pollution hurt the earth? 一、重点词汇 （一）词形变换 1. none (反义词) 2. both (反义词) 3. rubbish (同义词) 4．teal (过去式) (过去分词) 5. spit (过去式；过去分词) 6. behave (名词) 7. prevent (同义词) 8. although (同义词) 9. pollute (句词) 10. completely (形容词) 二、重点句型 1．But the government to protect the environment. 但政府为了保护环境已做了一些有益的事。 2．We leave rubbish here and there/ everywhere. 我们不应该到丢弃垃圾。 3．is difficult if you it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 4．The wind is blowing strongly lots of . 风夹着沙子猛烈地刮着。 5．They because of all kinds of pollution. 由于各种污染，他们正濒临灭绝。 9. It caused Harbin City to its water supply for five days. 它导致哈尔滨市断水5 天。 10. Some things we’ve done are very good,some are not good for the earth. 我们所做的一些事情对地球有益，然而有一些却对地球有着负面影响。 11., many rivers and lakes now. 结果，现在许多河流湖泊失去生机。 三、重点语言点 1.It China has become the world’s largest and of coal. a)它（文章）写到中国已经成为世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国。 b)sth. + says that…此句型中主语是事或物，say表用“文字、数字”说明信息。 c)It says “ Happy New Year!” on the card. 卡片上写着“新年快乐！”。 d)The clock says that it is 20:00 now. 这面钟显示现在是20：00。 none与no one 填空 2.He has read of these books.（指物）这些书他一本都没看过。 3.of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友们没有一个喜欢画画。 is here.没有一个在这儿。 4.A: How many students come to school by taxi? B: .有多少的学生搭出租车来上学？没有 人。 5.A: How much water is there in the bottle? B: .瓶子里有多少水？一点儿也没有。 6.A: Who is in the room? B: .谁在房中？没有人。 none与no one 的区别： A．n one “全无”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数； no one只指人，后不能跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词只用作单数。如： B. none回答how many/ much的问题；no one回答who的问题。 7.I haven’t him . 最近，我没收到他的来信。 8.When it rains, the soil will .下雨时，土壤就会被冲走。 will be +过去分词为一般将来时的被动语形式。如： 9.The wind will blow away the earth. 风将会把泥土刮走。（主动语态） = will by .
第1课知识的悖论The Paradox of Knowledge The greatest achievement of humankind in its long evolution from ancient hominoid ancestors to its present status is the acquisition and accumulation of a vast body of knowledge about itself, the world, and the universe. The products of this knowledge are all those things that, in the aggregate, we call "civilization," including language, science, literature, art, all the physical mechanisms, instruments, and structures we use, and the physical infrastructures on which society relies. Most of us assume that in modern society knowledge of all kinds is continually increasing and the aggregation of new information into the corpus of our social or collective knowledge is steadily reducing the area of ignorance about ourselves, the world, and the universe. But continuing reminders of the numerous areas of our present ignorance invite a critical analysis of this assumption. In the popular view, intellectual evolution is similar to, although much more rapid than, somatic evolution. Biological evolution is often described by the statement that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"--meaning that the individual embryo, in its development from a fertilized ovum into a human baby, passes through successive stages in which it resembles ancestral forms of the human species. The popular view is that humankind has progressed from a state of innocent ignorance, comparable to that of an infant, and gradually has acquired more and more knowledge, much as a child learns in passing through the several grades of the educational system. Implicit in this view is an assumption that phylogeny resembles ontogeny, so that there will ultimately be a stage in which the accumulation of knowledge is essentially complete, at least in specific fields, as if society had graduated with all the advanced degrees that signify mastery of important subjects. Such views have, in fact, been expressed by some eminent scientists. In 1894 the great American physicist Albert Michelson said in a talk at the University of Chicago: While it is never safe to affirm that the future of Physical Science has no marvels in store even more astonishing than those of the past, it seems probable that most of the grand underlying principles have been firmly established and that further advances are to be sought chiefly in the rigorous application of these principles to all the phenomena which come under our notice .... The future truths of Physical Science ate to be looked for in the sixth place of decimals. In the century since Michelson's talk, scientists have discovered much more than the refinement of measurements in the sixth decimal place, and none is willing to make a similar statement today. However, many still cling to the notion that such a