浅谈it作形式主语和形式宾语用法
It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。纵观历届高考题，无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it 在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。
一、It 用作形式主语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.
(说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕
It is no use arguing about it.
(争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕
It is uncertain who will come.
(谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕
It 作形式主语的常见句型：
① It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….
e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.
(学一门外语非常重要。)
It is useless crying over the spilt milk.
(覆水难收。)
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.
(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。)
② It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….
e.g. It is no good telling lies.
(撒谎没好处。)
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.
(你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)
It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.
(没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。)
③ It + be + 过去分词+ that ….
该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.
e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
(据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)
It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.
(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)
It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.
(据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。)
④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that ….
e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)
It appears that Tom might change his mind.
(看来汤姆可能会改变主意。)
⑤若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。
e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow?
(他们明天不来很重要吗？)
Is it true that he will go abroad next week?
(他下周出国是真的吗？)
⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.
这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。
e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.
(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)
It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.
(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)
How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train?
(从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？)
I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.
(我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。)
二、It 用作形式宾语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语：
①当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；
e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.
（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。）
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.
（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
（他立志决不向别人借钱。）
I think it no need talking about it with them.
（我认为没必要跟他们谈。）
②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；
e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
（我不喜欢他那么懒惰。）
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
（我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。）
③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；
e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）
Would you see to it that she gets home early?
（你负责保证她早到家，好吗？）
He insisted on it that he was innocent.
（他坚持说自己是无辜的。）
④由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。
e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
（我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）
试比较下列高考题，选出最佳答案：
1. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89)
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. he
2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.. (MET90)
A. this
B. that
C. its
D. it
3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? (MET91)
A. this
B. that
C. he
D. it
4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help. (MET93)
A. he
B. which
C. she
D. it
5. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (MET95)
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98)
A. it
B. that
C. these
D. them
7. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be
the most successful. (上海98)
A. take as granted
B. take this for granted
C. take that for granted
D. take it for granted
8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004)
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
模拟练习：
( ) 1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office.
A. This; that
B. That; that
C. It; that
D. He; that ( ) 2. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice.
A. that
B. this
C. it
D. them ( ) 3. _______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month?
A. Is true
B. Is it true
C. It’s true
D. It’s truly ( ) 4. _______ doesn’t matter much _______ dress you are going to wear.
A. This; that
B. That; who
C. It; which
D. It; who ( ) 5. _______ is going to America for further study.
A. He is said that
B. People said that he
C. It was said he
D. It is said that he
( ) 6. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This
B. That
C. There
D. It
( ) 7. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
A. this
B. there
C. that
D. it
( ) 8. She liked _______ when he kissed her.
A. him
B. that
C. one
D. it
( ) 9. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It
B. There
C. Those
D. One
( )10. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that
B. this
C. its
D. it
Key: 高考真题: 1-8 CDDDDADC
模拟练习: 1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDAD
新希望英语语法精讲------“I t”作形式主语和形式宾语“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解 It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie 的形式主语〕 It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come 的形式主语〕 It 作形式主语的常见句型： ① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that …. e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that …. e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③ It + be + 过去分词 + that …. 该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。) It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) ④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….
it用作形式宾语 1. 基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。 We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“7123结构” 7指主句中的常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take. 1指的是形式宾语it . 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. XiaoLi felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。You will find it pleasant working here.你将发现在这里工作是很愉快的。 2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构“下面的几个结构希望大家认真识记下来” (1) 动词+ it + that-从句。如： I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。
it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法 it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法 It除了用作代词表示指代意义以外，还可以用作形式主语和形式宾语。这种用法是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。纵观历届中考题，无论是单项选择、完型填空，还是句型转换或翻译，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供读者学习和参考。 一、It 用作形式主语 1．当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。例如： It is wrong to tell a lie. 说谎是错误的。 It is no use arguing about it. 争吵是没用的。 It is uncertain who will come. 谁要来还不确定。 2．It 作形式主语的常见句型 ① It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….。例如： It is very important to learn a foreign language. 学一门外语非常重要。 It is useless crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It was really surprising that she married a man like that.她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。 ② It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….，例如： It is no good telling lies. 撒谎没好处。 It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. 你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. 没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。 ③ It + be + 过去分词+ that ….：该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.。例如： It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. 据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。 It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. 大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。 It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. 据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。 ④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that ….。例如：
讲解：it作形式宾语的四个特殊句式 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如： I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。 I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。 We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。 但是，以下几种形式宾语比较特殊，同学们需引起注意（同时它们也是高考的常考考点）： 1. 动词+ it + that-从句。如： I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。 I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。 You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。 Rumor has it that the defiance minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。 2. 动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如： I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。 We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。 I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so m uch work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。 3. 动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如： See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。 Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。 I can’t answer f or it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。 You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。 4. 动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如： I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。 I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。
It作形式主语和形式宾语，虽然是我们高中就学过的语法点，但在考研英语题型中，无论是在阅读还是翻译，常会考查该知识点。 一.it作形式主语。 英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时主语往往显得很长，使整个句子看上去有点头重脚轻，这样就借助“it”来作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后边去，使全句结构上前后平衡。“it”并无实际意义。It之后的谓语部分，可以是be+形容词，be+名词(词组)，或be+过去分词等。 it 作形式主语，主要分为下列三种情况：不定式作主语、动名词作主语和名词从句作主语。具体分析如下： 一、不定式作真正主语主要用于下列句型： 1. It + is/was + adj./n.+ to do sth. A.名词作表语。主要有a pity, a pleasure, an idea等。 It is a good idea to think this way. 这样考虑问题是个好办法 除be外，其他动词也有跟名词的情况。例如： It seems a pity to waste the food. 浪费这些食物真可惜。 B. 形容词或形容词短语作表语。分两种情况： 1.下列形容词；kind,good,nice,clever,wrong,right,foolish,wise,unwise,stupid,rude,careless,cruel,brave ,naughty,polite,selfish等词作表语时，不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况。形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征，即形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等。例如： It was foolish of you to leave school.你中途退学，真是傻瓜。 2. 其他形容词作表语，常见的形容词有：necessary, hard，important, difficult, easy, possible，common等。 It is necessary to learn English. 需要注意的是：动词不定式作主语，一般情况下用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式（从句）放在后面。也可以直接用不定式作主语。例如： It is wrong to tell lies. = To tell lies is wrong. 撒谎是不对的。 但在疑问句和感叹句中，只能用it作形式主语。例如：
英语“it”作形式宾语的动词 think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard/take it for granted /see to... hate/like/appreciate/enjoy/love/dislike/prefer/have/put take... (like,have,take,put等v常见于v-it-that...；其他v常见于v-it-if/when...) sentence patterns: 1.S+find/think/feel...+it+possible/necessary/important...+(for sb.)to do sth./clause. 2.S+V+it+a rule/one’s duty/an hour...+(for sb.)to do sth./clause. 3.S+V+it+no good/no use+doing sth. 1.I find it pleasant to work with him. (it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to work with him) 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。 2.They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time） 他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。 3.She thinks it her duty to help us. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to help us） 她觉得帮助我们是她的责任。 4.I think it my honor to be invited to speak here. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to be invited to speak here） 我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。 5.Tom didn’t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to write letters in Chinese） 汤姆发现用汉语写信不难。 6.All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to go on with the work） 这些噪音使我无法继续工作。 7.I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我想他们准是不会来的了。 8.I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我负责使一切都按时准备好。 一、基本用法 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”： I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。
盛年不重来，一日难再晨。及时宜自勉，岁月不待人。 it用作形式宾语的四个特殊句式 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如： I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。 I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。 We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。 I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）He makes it a rule never to borrow money.（他立志决不向别人借钱。） I think it no need talking about it with them.（我认为没必要跟他们谈。） We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important to learn English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. 能这样用的动词有：think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。 6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 但是，以下几种用it作形式宾语的句型比较特殊，同学们需引起注意（同时它们也是高考的常考考点）： 1. 动词+ it + that-从句。如： I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。 You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。 Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have, take, put等。 2. 动词+ it + when (if)-从句。某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate ，dislike, appreciate, prefer等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，如： I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。 I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。 We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。 I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。 3. 动词+ prep + it + that-从句。that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语。如： See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。 Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。 I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。 You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。
2014-2015初中英语形式主语和形式宾语专项练习（有答案） 形式主语或形式宾语指的是：当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语或宾语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语或形式宾语置于句首或句中动词之后，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。主要有: 一、it作形式主语 It 作形式主语的常见句型： ①It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that …. e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。) It was really surprising that she married a man like that. (她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ②It + be +名词词组+ doing / that …. e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③It + be + 过去分词+ that …. 该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。) It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在20XX年那场海啸中丧生。) ④It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that …. e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much. (似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。) It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意。) ⑤若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。 e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow? (他们明天不来很重要吗？) Is it true that he will go abroad next week? (他下周出国是真的吗？) ⑥It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“(某人)花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式(to do sth.)，句型中的sb.也可以省略。 e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials (我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。) It took him fourteen hours to go to NewZealand from Shanghai by plane. (从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。) How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train?
新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语 “It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解 It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it 用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。 一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 . It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕 It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕 It 作形式主语的常见句型： ① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that …. . It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。) It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that …. . It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③ It + be + 过去分词 + that …. 该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. . It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。) It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) ④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that …. . It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。) It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意。) ⑤若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。 . Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow (他们明天不来很重要吗) Is it true that he will go abroad next week (他下周出国是真的吗) ⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。 . It took me some time to read the reading materials.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。) How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train (从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间) I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there. (我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。) 二、It 用作形式宾语
把握“it”用作形式宾语的特殊结构（附答案） 在英语中，当动词不定式、动名词或从句在句中充当宾语且其后又带有宾语补足语时，习惯上要在宾语补足语前使用一个没有具体意义的形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移到补足语的后面，构成“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式（动名词或从句）”结构。如： She felt it her duty (to take good care of them). 括号内为真正宾语 她感到好好照顾他们是她的责任。 I think it no good going there now. 我认为现在去那里没有好处。 The headmaster has made it clear (that the school meeting will not be put off). 校长说得很清楚校会不会推迟。 但我们常会碰到it用作形式宾语时之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语的情况，这一点在近几年高考试题中经常涉及，需引起同学们的注意。 I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 1998) A. it B. that C. these D. them (答案为: A) 我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。 I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (全国卷2004) A. this B. that C. it D. one (答案为: C) 我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。 以上这两道高考题中，it用作形式宾语，它的真正的宾语则是由when引导的从句。“it”的这种特殊用法常出现在以下几种结构中。 A. 动词＋it＋when / if 从句。常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数动词之后。We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour. 要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。 I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work. 要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。 B. 动词+ it + that从句。常见于like, take, have, put等少数动词之后。 I take it that they will succeed sooner or later. 我认为他们迟早会成功的。 The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt. 报上说一些日本商号破产了。 C. 动词+ it + 介词短语+ that从句。常见于bring it to one's attention; owe it to sb; take it for granted 等结构中。 I owe it to you that I finished my work in time. 多亏有你我才及时完成了工作。 Don't take it for granted that they will support you. 不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。 D. 动词+ 介词(短语) + it + that从句。常见于answer for, depend on, rely on, insist on, look to, see to, stick to 等结构中。 I'll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我将负责按时做好一切准备。 You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English. 你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。 E. 动词+ it +过去分词+从句。常见于几个可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词之后。 I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1995. 我听说那家工厂是1995年创建的。 They haven't made it known where the meeting is to take place. 他们没有宣布会议在哪里召开。
初中英语形式主语和形式宾语专项练习及used to do 的用法 三. 形式主语、形式宾语专项练习 1. It's easier _____ than ________. A. say;do B. to say;to do C. says;does D. saying;doing 2. It takes me 30 minutes ________ to school by bike every day. A. going B. to go C. goes D. go 3. It’s not easy ________ us _________ a foreign language. A. for; learning B. of; learning C. of; to learn D. for; to learn 4. Children find___ interesting to play computer games. A. that B. which C. it D. it’s 5. Do you think it important _____ computer well A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing
6. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day A. this B. that C. it D. he 7. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it 8. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time A. this B. that C. he D. it 9. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder;but _______ didn’t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it 10. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 11. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.
it作形式宾语： it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。 it作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件：①真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句；②有宾语补足语具备了这两个条件，形式宾语it一定要用。 ⒈it代替不定式短语 think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it +形容词/名词+ 不定式短语，如： ①I find it pleasant to work with him.(it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to work with him) 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。 ②They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time） 他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。 ③She thinks it her duty to help us.（it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to help us） 她觉得帮助我们是她的责任。 ④I think it my honor to be invited to speak here. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to be invited to speak here） 我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。 ⑤Tom didn’t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to write letters in Chinese） 汤姆发现用汉语写信不难。 ⑥All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to go on with the work） 这些噪音使我无法继续工作。 ⒉it代替动名词短语( 这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些)，如： ①The professor considers it no good reading without understanding. 这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。 ②Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试会有好处吗？ ③He found it useless( no use) arguing with him. 他发现和他辩论没有用。 ④He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible. 想做不可能的事情，他认为是完全没道理的。 ⑤I don’t thi nk it worthwhile going to such a place. 到这样一个地方去我看是不值得的。 ⒊it代替宾语从句：如： ①We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。 ②I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我想他们准是不会来的了。 ③I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我负责使一切都按时准备好。
it作形式主语和形式宾语 it既可作人称代词，用来表示动物或无生命的物体等，也可以作无人称代词，在句中作主语，表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。它还可以引导强调句，使语气得以加强。此外，it在句中能作引导词，充当句子中的形式上的成分，如形式主语、形式宾语等。 ㈠it作形式主语：it作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平稳一些。it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。 1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中： It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth. It + be + 名词+ to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间 It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务 如：①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law） ②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese） ③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps） ④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge） ⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to stare at people） ⑥It is up to us to help those in need.帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to help those in need） ⑦It is not up to you to tell me how to do my job.我怎样干我的工作不用你来多嘴。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to tell me how to do my job） ◆ It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.与It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.： 如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格，在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语，则sb.前应用介词of，否则就用for。如：①It’s n ecessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。