高中英语语法：名词知识点归纳总结
考向一可数名词的复数
(1) 规则变化
注意：
①以－o 结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes ，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以－o 结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以－f 或－fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，它们是＂为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半＂，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
但下列以－f 结尾的名词既可以去掉f加－ves，也可以直接加－s，如：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。
③名词前有man 或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman doctor→women doctors
(2) 不规则变化
①常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish鱼；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。
②自身有特殊变化的名词
child 孩子→childrenman男人→mentooth牙→teethfoot脚，英尺→feetmouse 老鼠→micephenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media 考向二不可数名词具体化
(1) 通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice建议， furniture家具， fun乐趣；information信息，news新闻， weather天气， progress进步，wealth财富，value 价值等。
(2) 不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. 你的贡献一定
会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink 饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔hair 头发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an) 连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
考向三名词所有格
(1) －’s所有格
①用and 连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms. 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
Tom and Jim’s room. 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s在理发店
at the teacher’s在老师办公室
(2)of 所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of 所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the content of the novel 小说的内容
the name of the girl over there 那边那位女孩的名字
(3) 双重所有格
指＂名词＋of ＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend of mine( 我的一个朋友)
考向四名词的语法功能
1.作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
（1 ）作及物动词的直接宾语
I met your elder brother in the street 。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have you finished the letter to Jane? 你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2 ）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。
（3 ）作介词的宾语。
After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
Do you still ask your parents for money? 你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5.作定语
（1 ）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
college students 大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match 篮球赛
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home. 回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2 ）名词所有格作定语。
students’books学生用书
China’s capital 中国的首都
the world’s population 世界人口
（3 ）man，woman，gentleman作定语
man ，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（4 ）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系
（5 ）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center 学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6 ）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/boy(peasant 习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)
（7 ）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women drivers 女司机 the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend 女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mother tongue 母语mother’s tongue母亲的舌头
（8 ）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。
考点五疑难名词比较与辨析
1.force; energy; strength; power
force表示＂力、力量＂的意思。指为做或实现某事而实际运用的力量。
He overcame his bad habits by force of will.毅力使他克服了自己身上的不良习惯。
Those people are the progressive forces in the society. 这些人是社会的进步力量。
energy主要强调＂精力＂，指用来做某事或完成某事的能力。还可以指＂能源＂。
Young people usually have more energy than the old. 青年人通常此老年人精力充沛。
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of energy. 很多国家正在提高天然气、风以及其他能源形式的利用。
strength表示＂力＂的意思。指做事情的 --种内在能力。就人而育，着重指力气；就物而言，着重指强度潜力等。
He lifted the stone with all his strength.他使出全身力气举起了那块石头。
The side man hasn’ t got enough strength to get out of bed. 那位病人还没有足够的力气下床。
power 表示＂能力、能量、动力＂的意思。指身体上、心理上和道德上的能力 (不管是否发挥出 )。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
I shall do everything in my power to help you.我将尽我的能力帮助你。
2.manner; means; method; way
manner表示＂方式、方法＂的意思。指个人喜欢采用的方式。
The manner of their meeting makes a good story. 他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。
He has developed his own manner of acting. 它形成了自己独特的演出风格。
means表示＂方法、手段、工具＂的意思。
Students sometimes support themselves by means of evening job. 学生有时通过晚上打工的方法来养活自己。
The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的旅行工具是飞机。
Have you the means to support a family? 你有维持家的方法没有 ?
method指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象概念的原理。
His idea is all right, but he lacks method.他的想法不错，但是缺少方法。
He is a man of method.他是个有条理的人。
method of teaching 教学方法 method of study 学习方法
Roasting is one method of cooking meat. 烤是做肉的一种方法。
way是最通用的词，也是最不正式的词，本义是＂通道、通路＂，引申作＂方式、方法＂讲，含义很广。
In this way over several days, the artist and his mice became friends. 就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。
Look ! Work on it in this way. 看 !像这样搞它。
My parents always let me have my own way of living.
3.cost; price; value; worth; expense
cost表示＂成本、费用＂的意思。原指生产某种物品的成本，包括生产中所支付的原料和劳动。一般要低于售价，有时也可用来泛指价格。也可用于借喻，指所付出的代价，甚至生命。
As a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90%. 因此，成本将会降
低 90% 之多。
China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper. 《中国日报》刊登大量广告有助于降低报纸生产的成本。
price表示＂价格、价钱、定价＂的意思。指经营商品出售的单价，通常要高于商品的出厂成本。也用于借喻，指做某事所付出的代价。
Can you try to get them to bring down the price? 你能把价格讲下来吗 ?
They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital. 他们可以在首都以高价
出售他们的牛肉。
value表示＂价值、价格＂。指我们所估计一件东西的价值，因此是不能以金钱估价的。
Instead, they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone: feeling alone in the modern world, the value of having good friends and so on. 他们
现在再一次写常人常事——现代世界中的孤独感及交好朋友的价值等等。
The park is good value for the money.公园花这么多钱值得。
worth意思是价值。指东西本身的真正价值，是经久不变的，是可贵的。
It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它最多值 500法郎。
He asked me how much this computer was worth. 他问我这台计算机值多少钱。
expense意思是＂费用、支出、开销＂，指花费金钱、时间和精力。
We travelled to France at our own expense. 我们自费去法国旅行了。
Do you know at whose expense your visit to Japan will be?你知道谁将担负你访问日本的费用吗 ?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f915318415.html,nd; ground; soil; earth
land表示＂陆地、土地、地＂，是河流和海洋的相对用语。用于指土地或土壤时，着重指它的性质、用途等。有时泛指大地，也可作＂国家、地产＂讲。
The rocky soil has been turned into rich land.岩石地已变成了沃土。
But some people don’ t want good farm land to be built on. 但是有些人不愿意把好的农田用来修建厂房。
To the sea captain’ s surprise, he found that land travel could also be quite pleasant. 使那位船长吃惊的是，他发现陆地旅行也很愉快。
ground(n. )表示＂地、土地＂的意思。主要指大地表面，也可以指土壤、场地。也可用于借喻指＂根据、理由＂。
He learnt how to clean rough ground before planting crops. 他学会了在种植作物之前如何拾掇毛糙的土地。
Then the Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground when he was passing it on to the fourth runner.然而，当二班运动员传给第四棒时，接力棒掉在地上了。
soil表示＂土壤、土地＂，指可以生长植物且富有有机物的沃土，宜于农耕。
When the plants are in the ground, I’ ll put some powder on the soil. 当植物种
到地里时，我将给地里撒些粉剂。
He studied how to improve soil conditions.他研究如何改善土壤环境。
earth表示＂地、地球、泥土＂，着重指＂大地＂，以别于天空。作＂泥土＂解时，常用于以别于坚硬的岩石。
Later, in a few weeks’ time I’ ll put the little plants in the earth. 几星期后，我将把小植物埋在泥土里。
5.practice; exercise; training; drill
practice; exercise; training; drill都表示＂练习、训练＂的意思。
training表示＂训练、培养、教练、锻炼＂的意思。一般指对于身体的锻炼、对动物的训练、对士兵的训练等。
These football players had no strict training until they joined our club.这些足球队员直到加入我们俱乐部才受到严格的训练。
The athlete is in training.这个运动员锻炼得好。
The home training of children is the first class social problem. 儿童的家庭教育是社会的头等问题。
exercise主要指为提高技巧或业务水平而规定的＂练习或体格锻炼＂。
The book contains a series of graded exercises adapted to the use of beginners.
书中有一系列按难易排列的练习适于初学者应用。
You need more outdoor exercise.你需要多进行户外运动。
practice主要指正规的、有条理的、不断反复的＂练习＂或把理论道理贯彻在行动中的＂实践＂。
More practice will make you speak with greater fluency. 多练习会使你口语更流利。
The integration of theory and practice is one of the basic points of Marxism. 理论和实践的统一是马克思主义的基本论点之一。
drill表示＂操练、训练＂的意思。一般指严格的训练或反反复复练习或军事上的练兵。
Let’ s do some pattern drills. 咱们做些句型练习吧。
The soldiers were at drill in the barrack yard.士兵们在营场上操练。
6.sign; signal; mark; symbol
sign表示＂符号、记号、招牌＂等意思。是最普通的用语，指一个具有公认意义的、简单的、随意制定的代表物。
Letters are signs used to represent sounds.字母是用来代表声音的符号。
You’ ll see the sign for the rest rooms. 你将看到休息室的指示牌。
signal表示＂暗号、信号＂的意思。有时是有意的 ;有时是无意的。有意的，如强风讯号、求救信号等。
There the electrical signal is changed back into sound. 在那儿电信号又变成声音。
mark表示＂痕迹、记号、商标、特征、分数＂的意思。指印在物品上的记号，可用在好坏两个方面。作动词时，表示＂标明、作记号＂的意思。
He got full marks in his maths test. 他在数学测试中得了满分。
Each stone was marked with a number. 每个石头上都标明号码。
symbol表示＂象征＂的意思，特别强调故意用来包含某一特定意义的东西，或故意构成的传达某一特定意义的事物。
a good luck symbol 好运气的象征
The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power. 狮子被看作百兽之王，是因为它是勇气与权利的象征。
记课堂笔记的小技巧
1、不要记得太紧太密，每页右边留下约1/3的空白处，以便日后补充、修改。
2、用词用语要简洁浓缩，常用词语可用代号。
3、写字要快、字迹不必要求太高，看清就行。
4、注意听课与看书结合，有些内容可直接在书上批注。
5、采用简单的便利贴随时准备记录灵感问题，整理成型后及时补充到笔记本上。对于一些经常犯错的知识点，可以直接把总结写在便利贴上，补充到对应的知识点旁边。
6、利用活页：活页既适合于语文和文综积累型科目，不断补充新知，把笔记变厚；也适合于数学、理综这样的思维型科目，蹦出的新思路、相似的题型、自己的痛点和解题的突破口再也不必拘泥于原有的纸张限制。
答题卷注意点
1、答题结构和关键词
除了要点之外，改卷老师在改卷时还看答题的基本结构是否正确，句子表达是否准确。如果结构清晰、句子准确、表达流畅，一般都能得到比较高的分数。另外，不论答多答少，首先要把答案的关键部分、关键词写出来，第二步才考虑句子的质量。
2、排版整齐有时候比一手好字更加分
如果字不好看，也尽量对齐，不要画墨点。某阅卷老师表示：字可以写的丑，但排版一定要好。条理清晰的答卷更得阅卷老师青睐。
3、文科尽量写满，理科尽量详细
文科是抓对的，写得越满抓的越可能多，分得的越多；理科是抓错的，写得越详细越知道错在哪，分扣得越细。文科主观题最基本就是抓关键词，写得越多，就越有可能被抓出关键词，越有可能靠近得分点。
理科的话，过程都写在草稿纸上容易造成遗漏，省略步骤是理科大忌，能写尽量写，否则中间可能只是一点微小的错误，但是没有过程，不知道哪里出错则整个大得分点全部没有。
名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词。 1、专有名词：个人，地方，机构等专有名称，如：China，Shanghai，Lilei等。专有名词的首字母通常要大写。具体说来，它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。如：Jim吉姆China中国July七Friday星期五Christmas圣诞节English 英语 2、普通名词：指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。 1）个体名词：某类人或东西中的个体，如fighter，gun，country，cup，desk，student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。 2）集体名词：若干个体组成的集合体，如family，team，police，class等。一般可数，有单复数形式 3）物质名词：无法分为个体的实物，如cotton，tea，air等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 4）抽象名词：动作，状态，品质，感情等抽象概念。如health，happiness，love，work，life 等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。
名词的所有格： 1、's 所有格： 1）构成： A. 一般词尾+ 's.：the teacher's office, Xiao Li's sister's husband's mother. B. 以s 结尾的复数名词只+"' "： workers' rest room. C. 不以s结尾的复数名词加's： children's toys. D. 复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加's：my sister-in-law's brother. E. 表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加's：This is Tom, James and Dick's room. F. 表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加's： Jenny's, Jean's and Mary's rooms face to the south. G. 名词短语只在最后一个词后加's：a quarter of an hour's talk. 2）用法： A. 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词，表示所属关系：Lei Feng's dairy. B. 用于表示时间的名词：today's paper. an hour's drive. Friday's work. C. 用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词：the country's plan. the farm's fruit. China's population. D. 用于表示由人组成的集体名词： our party's stand E. 用于表示度量、价值的名词： two dollars' worth of books. a pound's weight. 2、of所有格： 1）凡不能用's 属格的情况可用of 属格表示所属关系： the City of New York. a map of China.
一、基础练习 1、There are only twelve ______in the hospital.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/f915318415.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/f915318415.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1) 一、选择题 1．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 5．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 6．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 7．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 8．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein. —It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg! A．no doubt B．no surprise C．no way D．no need 9．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 10．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate. A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation 11．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health. A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States. A．distinctions B．contributions C．solutions D．attractions 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
Less on 1 名词 定义：名词(noun)，缩写为n.是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔),English(英语)，life(生活)。1名词的分类 名词可以分为专有名词( Proper Nou ns)和普通名词(Com mon Nou ns ),专有名词是某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beiji ng. Ch ina等。普通名词是一类人或东西或 是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1) 个体名词(In dividual Nou ns):表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2) 集体名词 (Collective Nou ns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3) 物质名词(Material Nou ns ):表示无法分为个体的实物，如: air。 4) 抽象名词(Abstract Nou ns):表 示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，女口：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词( Cou ntable Nou ns ),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词( Uncoun table Nou ns )。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：
3、名词复数的不规则变化 1）c hild---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---me n woma n---wome n 注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。 女口：an En glishma n， two En glishme n. 但Germa n 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germa ns ；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2 ）单复同形女口： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese, Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。女口： a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3 ）集体名词 只在动词使用时区分，如果将名词所表示的集体是为一个整体，则位于动词用单数; 如果将名词表示的集体是为分散的个体，位于动词则用复数。如： The class is small.这是小班。 The whole class are working very hard at English.这个班上的学生学习英语很刻苦。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The Uni ted Natio ns was orga nized in 1945.联合国是1945 年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/f915318415.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/f915318415.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
高考英语新名词知识点知识点总复习(3) 一、选择题 1．Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A．expedition B．transformation C．link D．release 2．If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill. A．sight B．scene C．look D．view 3．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 4．Be sure to read the ______ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer. A．instructions B．solution C．descriptions D．message 5．The practice of hanging flags is a common _______ in many parts of the country on National Day. A．sight B．scenery C．sign D．signal 6．This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A．determination B．adaptation C．separation D．submission 7．It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A．supply B．respect C．devotion D．arrangement 8．I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first __________. A．attempt B．experiment C．flight D．glance 9．---What's new? ---The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel ____ , also known as chunyun, will ___ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18. A．dash; kick out B．rush; kick off C．flow; kick in D．jam; kick up 10．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________. A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program 11．Finding the ________ to this problem is no easy task . A．relaxation B．imagination C．invention D．solution 12．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the latest_______ in Shanghai in August. A．exploration B．exclusion C．expansion D．explosion 13．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands 14．Poverty alleviation is a high priority of our country and has been put on the top of________at two sessions. A．agenda B．subject C．directory D．seminar 15．Despite numerous failures, they continued to carry out the____________. A．method B．experiment.C．warning D．effect 16．He gained ______ to this university
什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not
一般现在时vs.一般过去时
一般将来时 将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经 常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示 将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。
进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?
进行时(2)
完成时(1) Part1 完成时的句型构成 1-1 陈述句型：S+has/have+过去分词(p.p.) I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业) 1-2 否定句型：S+has/have+not+过去分词(p.p.) Sandy has been a nurse in this hospital for 15 years.(珊蒂已经在这家医院担任护士长达15年了。) 1-3 疑问句型：Has/Have+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Have you ever seen Peter in past 3 months?(过去3个月内，你看见过彼吗？) 2-1 陈述句型：S+had+过去分词(p.p.) This proposal had been deliverde by Eva before Aaron finished it. (这个计划在艾伦完成以前，伊娃就已经提交出去了) 2-2 否定句型：S+had+not+过去分词(p.p.) I had not finished my work when he visited me last week.(上周他来拜访我以前，我还没有完成工作。) 2-3 疑问句型：Had+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Had you ever been to a blind date before you married?(你结婚以前曾经参加相亲吗？) 3-1 陈述句型：S+shall/will+have+过去分词(p.p.) They wll have finished the meeting by now. (他们现在应该已经开完会了) 3-2 否定句型：S+shall/will+have+not+过去分词(p.p.) We will have not made 10 apple pies by the end of today.(我们在今天结束之前不能做完10个苹果派。) 3-3 疑问句型： Shall/Will+ s+have+过去分词(p.p.)? Will they have already left by the time we get there?(我们到的时候，他们会不会已经离开了？ )
高考英语名词知识点全集汇编含答案 一、选择题 1．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 2．In old China, parents demanded complete ____________ from their children. A．ambition B．obedience C．education 3．One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find ____ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages. A．mistake B．error C．blame D．fault 4．Tony put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to give a more relaxed ____ at home. A．view B．attitude C．style D．atmosphere 5．—I couldn’t tell Jack from his twin brother. —Me too, and there is no obvious________between them. A．contribution B．distinction C．promotion D．expression 6．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 7．This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A．determination B．adaptation C．separation D．submission 8．I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first __________. A．attempt B．experiment C．flight D．glance 9．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 10．If you feel any_____ in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping. A．tension B．abortion C．submission D．dimension 11．To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States. A．distinctions B．contributions C．solutions D．attractions 12．It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be. A．reaction B．opinion C．comment D．impression 13．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment. A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation 14．—Any ________ to how long I can keep the book? —Yes. You must return it by next Tuesday. A．limit B．time C．number D．length
高考英语名词知识点知识点总复习含答案 一、选择题 1．How much does it cost to put satellite into____________？ A．gas B．orbit C．chemicals D．vapors 2．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 3．Space exploration provides a ______ of national pride. A．reason B．portrait C．statue D．symbol 4．Tony put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to give a more relaxed ____ at home. A．view B．attitude C．style D．atmosphere 5．The worker was satisfied with his boss because he was offered a good . A．salary B．price C．service D．reason 6．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 7．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 8．It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A．supply B．respect C．devotion D．arrangement 9．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________. A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program 10．If you feel any_____ in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping. A．tension B．abortion C．submission D．dimension 11．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 12．Lulu grew up in the ____________ of her high-performing sister, Sophia. A．protection B．gesture C．shadow 13．Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A．expedition B．transformation C．link D．release 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．China is a racially mixed country, in which various ethnic(民族) groups bring their own unique flavors to each corner of the country, which adds ________ people's table. A．to great variety of B．great variety to C．to a great variety of D．the great variety to 16．Modem TVs use many of the ________ first discovered by Farnsworth, who contributed a lot to the development of TV A．platforms B．principles C．sources D．symptoms