第一章社会
SECTION Ⅰ：英译中
A
abortion 人工流产、堕胎
abuse of power 滥用职权
academic society 学术社团
altruism 利他主义、利他
an aging population 人口老龄化
asylum 庇护
B
benevolent 乐善好施的
a benevolent fund 施善基金
a charitable foundation 慈善基金
eleemosynary relief施舍性的救济
philanthropic contributions慈善捐献
bigamy重婚
birth rate 人口出生率
burglar-proof door/antitheft door 防盗门C
casuistry 判断是非
chain effect/domino effect 连锁反应、多米诺骨牌效应
charitable 慈善的、仁慈的
civic morality 社会公德
community 社区
community service 社区服务
corruption 贪污
court of ethics 道德法庭
crime 犯罪
arson纵火、纵火罪
crimes committed by Mafia-like gangs 黑恶势力犯罪
drug rehabilitation centers戒毒所
drug traffickers 毒枭
drug-related crimes 毒品犯罪
embezzlement 盗用公款
juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪
organized crime 有组织犯罪
robbery 抢劫
sexual harassment 性骚扰shop-lifting在商店行窃
smuggling 走私
theft 偷窃行为
D
demography, larithmics人口学、人口统计学size 数量
growth 增长情况
density 密度
distribution 分布
social demography 社会人口学
economic demography 经济人口学
DINK 丁克一族
discrimination 歧视
age discrimination 年龄歧视
discrimination against women 歧视妇女feminism 男女平等主义、女权运动
feminist movement 女权运动
femininity 妇女特质、柔弱型、温柔
gender/sexual discrimination 性别歧视
job discrimination 工作歧视
male chauvinism 大男子主义、男权主义思想masculinity 男性阳刚之气
disparity 不一致、不同、不等
drug abuse 吸毒
E
egalitarian 主张人人平等的、平等主义emotion quotient 情商
F
forum 论坛
favorable location 地理优势
family 家庭
immediate family 直接家庭成员
extended family 大家庭、扩大的家庭
family tree 家谱、家谱图
relative 亲属、亲戚
foster father 养父
legal guardian 法定监护人
stepmother 继母
in-law 姻亲
ex-husband 前夫
adopted daughter 养女
nephew 侄子、外甥
niece 侄女、外甥女
cousin 堂兄弟姊妹、表兄弟姊妹
G
gambling 赌博
gay 同性恋者、同性恋者的
grant-in-aid 补助金、赠款
geographic location 地理位置
geographic advantage 地理优势
grey income 灰色收入
H
hardened professional惯犯
have an extramarital affair/ have an ultra-marriage affairs 婚外恋hedonism 享乐主义
home for the aged/ seniors? home 敬老院
I
illiteracy 文盲
income disparity 收入分化、贫富分化
infant mortality 婴儿死亡率
IPR/ intellectual property rights 知识产权
piracy 非法翻印、盗版
bootleg 盗版
copyright royalty 版税、版权费
fight against illegal publication 打非
underground publications 地下出版物
anti-fake label 防伪标识
L
law of the jungle 弱肉强食法则
lawsuit 诉讼
lawyer 律师
attorney 律师
appeal to a higher court 上诉
charge 控告
drop a lawsuit 撤销控告
court of appeals 上诉法庭
solicitor 初级律师，只能在低级法庭出庭的律师
suspect 犯罪嫌疑人defendant 被告
plaintiff 起诉人、原告
capital punishment 死刑
guilty 有罪
verdict 裁决、判决书
serve one?s term in prison 服刑
bail 保释
fine 罚款
jury 陪审团
juror 陪审员
life sentence 判处无期徒刑
notary 公证人
notarization 公证
M
make public expose 曝光
material/spiritual culture 物质、精神文化minimum wage 最低工资
money worship 拜金主义
morality 道德
P
Pandora?s box潘多拉魔盒
pluralism 多元文化论
polarization of rich and poor 贫富悬殊popularity rate 普及率
poverty alleviation 扶贫
poverty relief office 扶贫办公室
R
racism 种族主义
acculturation 文化适应
assimilation 同化、同化作用
anti-racism education 反种族主义教育colonialism 殖民主义
ethnic cleansing种族清理
ethnic group 同种、同文化之民族ethnocentrism 民族优越感
race 人种
stereotype 成见
genocide 有计划的灭种和屠杀
anti-Semite反犹分子、反犹分子的
racial discrimination 种族歧视
bias 偏见
reinstatement 复员、复职
S
sabotage 阴谋破坏、怠工、破坏
single-parent family 单亲家庭
social evils 社会丑恶现象
social welfare 社会福利
food stamps 食品救济券
foreign aid 外援
medicaid 医疗补助
medicare and medicaid医保（保健医疗制度和医疗补助制度）
social security 社会保障
U
urban legend 都市传奇
V
values 价值观
vicious circle 恶性循环
virtuous circle 良性循环
views on life 人生观
W
way of life/ life style 生活方式
SECTION Ⅱ：中译英8
爱国运动patriotic movement
AA制Dutch treatment/ go Dutch
A 股市场A-share market
爱国民主人士patriotic democratic personages
爱国统一战线patriotic united front
安家费settling-in allowance
暗箱操作black case work
按资排辈to assign priority according to seniority
保证妇女、未成年人和残疾人的合法权益
protect legitimate rights and interest of women, minors and the handicapped 白热化be white-hot
拜把兄弟sworn brothers
摆架子put on airs
白马王子prince charming
拜年pay new year?s call
摆谱put on airs/ show off/ keep up appearance
班车shuttle bus
斑马线zebra stripe
搬迁户a relocated unit or household
半托/日托daycare
半脱产a partial sabbatical from work就是一边学习，一边工作。
搬运工人transport worker
帮倒忙trying to help but causing more trouble in the process
傍大款A girl finds a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a moneybags
包车to charter a vehicle; a chartered vehicle
保持国民经济发展的良好势头
maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy
暴发户new rich; upstart
保护伞protective umbrella
本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the Twelve Terrestrial Branches；
本土化localization
奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life
本本主义bookishness
闭门羹given a cold shoulder
避税evade tax
避嫌avoid doing anything that may arouse suspicion
便当fast food
博彩、博彩业lottery industry
薄利多销small profits but quick returns; small profits and good sales
残疾人the disabled; the differently abled
成年grow up; come of age
城市居民city dweller; urbanite
大龄青年single youth above the normal matrimonial age
单亲single parent
抵制运动boycott
吊销执照revoke license
独生子女the only child in one?s family
分工协作coordination and distribution of responsibilities
福利彩票welfare lotteries
公民、市民citizen; city resident
户口簿resident?s booklet
纪念活动commemorative activity
家政服务household management service
结婚get married
离婚divorce
再婚remarry
居委会neighborhood committee; residence committee
流动人口transient population
民工migrant labor
名人celebrity
谋生make a living
农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor
派出所local police station
贫富分化polarization of wealth
乞丐beggar
弃婴abandoned child; foundling
青春期puberty
青少年时代adolescence
全国人口普查nationwide census
全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign
人口素质quality of population
日常活动daily activities
日常生活daily life; everyday life
扫黄运动anti-porn drive/campaign
社会保险social insurance
社会地位social status
社会福利彩票social welfare lotteries
社会稳定social stability
社交socialize
社交活动social activities
渗透、颠覆和分裂活动infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities 生活津贴allowance for living expenses ??
生活困难be badly off
生活条件living conditions
适者生存survival of the fittest
寿命life span
水货smuggled goods
送温暖工程heart-warming project
提高思想道德素质upgrade the ideological and ethical standards
体力劳动physical labor; manual work
体育彩票sports lotteries
同胞compatriot 文明祥和civility and harmony
务工农民migrant rural workers
希望工程Hope Project
选民voter; electorate
严重暴力犯罪violent crimes
移民immigrant
优秀传统fine tradition
暂住证temporary residence permit
职称professional title
人口population
人口控制population control
人口质量population quality
人口密度population density
人口结构population composition
人口自然增长natural growth of the population
人口负增长negative population growth
人口零增长zero population growth
生育natality
计划生育family planning
优生优育better natal and prenatal care and better upbringing 生育能力fertility
无生育力infertile; barren; sterile
优生学eugenics
人才talent; talented person
人才库talent bank; brain bank
人才交流talent exchange
人才流动talent flow
人才市场talent market
人才流失brain bleed
人才外流brain drain
人才断层gap in talents ???
历史上的社会制度social systems in history 25：23
史学science of history
原始社会primitive society
母系社会matriarchal society
父系社会patriarchal society
奴隶社会slave society
封建社会feudal society
资本主义社会capitalist society
社会主义社会socialist society
共产主义社会communist society
社会制度social systems
君主制monarchy
议会制parliamentarism
民主集中制democratic centralism
所有制system of ownership
公有制public ownership
私有制private ownership
全民所有制ownership by the whole people
集体所有制collective ownership
中国历史上的一些重大事件major events in Chinese history
秦始皇统一中国unification of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang
鸦片战争Opium War
太平天国Tianping Heavenly Kingdom
戊戌变法the reform movement of 1898
辛亥革命the 1911 revolution
新民主主义革命new democratic revolution
五四运动the May 4th of 1919
南昌起义Nanchang Uprising
9.18事变September 18th incident
长征Long March
西安事变Xi?an Incident
卢沟桥事变Lugouqiao Incident
南京大屠杀Nanking massacre1937
抗日战争war of resistance against Japan
解放战争Chinese people?s war of liberation
土地改革land reform; Agrarian reform
整风运动rectification movement
大跃进the Great Leap Forward
文化大革命the cultural revolution
十一届三中全会the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee CHAPTER 2 REFORM & ECONOMY经济与改革
SECTION Ⅰ：英译中15
A
a prudent monetary policy 稳健的货币政策
absolute advantage绝对优势
accounting会计学、账目清算、财会accountant会计
accounting fraud作假帐
accounting scandal财务丑闻
financial statement财务报表
keep the public informed of the financial affairs财务公开acquire购置、获取、购买、取得所有权
acquisition of assets购置资产
active balance顺差
aggregate demand 总需求
aggregate supply 总供给
allocation of financial resources金融资源配置
ample supply 供应充裕
an average annual increase/ annual return年均利润
anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施
areas for the market access市场准入领域
asset资产
associate company 联营公司
autarky 自给自足、经济独立
authorization bill授权书
B
bad loans不良贷款
banking银行业
bankruptcy protection破产保护
boom迅速发展
brand names品牌
budget预算
budget deficit预算赤字
budget surplus预算盈余
budgetary items预算项目
business cycle商业周期
business fraud商业欺诈
business mechanism创业机制
business prototype商业原型、商业模型
C
capital 资本、资金、资产
capital flow资金流量
cash bonuses现金奖励
cash flow 现金流量
cashier's check 本票
certificated public accountant注册会计师commerce clause 商业条款
commercialization 商品化
commodity商品
common law习惯法、不成文法
company公司
corporate 公司、企业
conglomerate company集团企业、跨行业大企业firm公司，尤指合股合伙公司
enterprise企业、公司、事业
business 工商企业、商务业务
establishment公司、企业、商业机构
house 商业机构、出版公司
outfit 企业、商业组织
venture企业
comparative advantage相对优势
competition and comparison竞争比较competition mechanism竞争机制
competition竞争
contract 合同
consumer?s association消费者协会
consumer confidence消费者信心
consumer expectations消费预期
conventional industries传统产业
core competitiveness核心竞争力
cost 成本
cost effectiveness成本效应
cutting edge优势
D
dealer经销商
deflation通货紧缩
deposit定金、保证金
deprecation 贬值
depression萧条、经济不景气的一段时间
duate 贬值
discount rate贴现率
distribution 流通分配
diversification of investment投资多元化double, triple, quadruple两倍、三倍、四倍E
economic globalization 经济全球化
economic growth经济增长
economic leverage经济杠杆作用
economic regulation经济调节
economic returns经济回报、经济效应
economics经济学
economic ills经济弊病
effective corporate management有效的公司管理
loose and tight management张弛有度的
PR （the public relation）公关
risk management风险管理
transparency management透明管理
the two-tier management system双层管理体制
top-down management自上而下的管理模式
ma ke one?s own management decisions自主经营managerial and technical staff管理技术人员
managerial expertise管理知识
elasticity弹性、可塑性、灵活度
electronic dealing电子交易
electronic business电子商务
elite精英
emerging market新兴市场
employment insurance就业保险金
annexation and reorganization of enterprises企业兼并重组corporate/ entrepreneurial culture企业文化
corporate/ enterprise image企业形象
cross-national corporation跨国公司
enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit创业精神entrepreneur企业家
entrepreneurship企业家身份
foreign capital enterprise外资企业
foreign invested venture外资企业
individual initiative个人主动性
initial capital 启动资金
listing of a company 企业上市
multinational corporation跨国公司
team spirit团队精神
transformation转型
transnational corporation跨国公司
registered capital注册资本
overseas funded enterprises外资企业
F
fair competition公平竞争
federation 联邦
financial fraud金融欺诈
financial crisis金融危机
financial market金融市场
bullion market金银买卖市场
cash market现金市场
debt market债务市场
discount market贴现市场
equity market股本市场
foreign exchange and derivatives market外汇及衍生产品市场foreign exchange market外汇市场
global financial system全球金融体系
insurance market保险市场
securities market证券市场
fiscal 财政的
fiscal and monetary levers财经和货币杠杆
fiscal budget财政预算
fiscal policy财经政策、财务方针
fiscal year 财政年度
fiscal lever财政杠杆
fiscal levy财政税收
financial deficit财政赤字
fiscal revenue财政收入
national revenue财政收入
fixed assets固定资产
fund capital/venture capital 资金、资本、风险资金
future market 期货市场
G
generate profit创利
GNP at factor cost按成本要素计算的国内生产总值
go public上市
go to chapter 11申请破产保护
go under倒闭
government spending政府开支grey income灰色收入
Great Depression 大萧条
Gross domestic product 国内生产总值
Gross national product 国民生产总值
H
head-hunter 猎头公司
hedge保护、防御手段
hedge fund对冲基金
high return高收益、高回报
holiday economy假日经济
human capital 人力资本
hyper-inflation恶性通货膨胀
I
immediate yield直接汇报
incentive动力
industry工业、产业、行业
advertising industry广告业
aerospace industry 航空和航天工业
aircraft industry飞机制造工业
basic industry基础工业、重工业
book industry图书出版业
brewing industry啤酒酿造工业、酿制工业
capital-and-technology-intensive industries资金技术密集型产业car industry汽车制造工业
electronic industry电子工业
entertainment industry娱乐业
equipment manufacturing industry装备制造业
heavy industry重工业
information industry信息产业
knowledge-intensive industry知识密集性产业
light industry轻工业
lottery industry博彩业
manufacturing industry制造业
monopoly industries垄断行业
rubber industry橡胶工业
secondary industry第二产业
service industry developing in all areas 服务业全面发展
textile industry纺织行业
tertiary industry第三产业
tourist industry旅游业
industrialization 工业化
infrastructure基础设施
interest cut降息
interest group利益集团
interest rate 利率
international competitiveness 国际竞争力international settlement国际结算
J
joint effort共同努力
joint venture合资企业
joint stock system股份制
K
Keynes 凯恩斯
Keynesian theory凯恩斯经济理论
L
labor 劳动力
labor intensive industries劳动密集型产业late charge 滞纳金
leasing 出租业务
legal person法人
legitimacy合理性、合法性
legitimate rights and interests正当权益liability of fault过失责任
limited liability corporation有限责任公司listed companies上市公司
logistics物流
M
M&A
Macroeconomic control 宏观调控Macroeconomics宏观经济学
make ends meet收支平衡、日子过得去marginal return边际报酬
market市场
market diversification市场多元化market economy市场经济
market intelligence 市场情报、市场调查market saturation市场饱和
market share市场占有率、市场份额market supervision 市场监管
marketization市场化
market-oriented employment mechanisms市场导向的就业机制mass production批量生产
mechanism机制
merger合并
merger and bankruptcy兼并破产
merit价值
microeconomics微观经济学
modern market economy现代市场经济
monetary货币的
European monetary integration欧洲货币一体化
convertible currency可兑换货币
monetary lever货币杠杆
monetary policy 货币政策
monetization货币化
withdrawal of currency from circulation货币回笼
monopoly垄断
multi-functionality多功能性
multi-lateral trade negotiation多边贸易谈判
O
old age pension养老保险制度
oligarchy寡头政治、寡头政治的执政团
oligopoly求过于供的市场情况
on-the-job training 岗位培训
opportunity cost机会成本
optimize优化
overheating过热
P
paragon模范、典范
patent专利
patent grant专利许可
patent law专利法规
pension退休金、养老金
per capita GDP人均国内生产总值
per capita income 人均收入
performance业绩
plunge; dip; down 猛跌、小跌、下跌
portfolio一组投资
positioning定位
potential market潜在市场
practical productive forces现实生产力
primary productive forces第一生产力
printing and packaging business 包装印刷业private enterprise私营企业
private property私人财产
private sector私营部分
privatization私有化
produce农产品
productivity生产力
profit利润
promotion促销
propaganda宣传
proprietary intellectual property rights自主知识产权protectionism保护主义
public sector公共部门
public services公共服务
purchasing power购买力
Q
quality control质检
R
raffle 抽奖售货
real economy实体经济
recession 衰退、不景气
regime政权、机制
rent 租金
regional protectionism地方保护主义
resources资源
restructure改组、重组
retail gap零售空间
S
saturation; be saturated n./ adj. 饱和
sales volume n. 销售额
satellite town n. 卫星城
savings n. 储蓄
scale operation n. 规模经营
scarcity n. 缺乏
securities n. 证券stock , bond, securities 股票，债券，证券
securities, options and futures 证券、期权及期货
A share A股
B share B 股
bear market 熊市
bull market 牛市
China's Securities Regulatory Commission （csrc）中国证监会
joint stock company 参股公司
long -term government bonds 长期国债
long- term treasury bonds for construction 长期建设国债
rally 反弹，股市价格和成交额在下跌后显着的上升
the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业指数
the Nasdaq composite index 纳斯达克综合指数
the Nikkei average 日京指数
s & p （Standard and Poor's composite Index））标准普尔指数
London SE（stock exchange）伦敦证券交易所
New York se 纽约证券交易所
Shanghai se 上海证券交易所
Shenzhen se 深圳证券交易所
seeking financing by listing on the stock market 上市融资
securities investment 证券投资
state stock reduction; reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持state-held shares 国有股
stock index 股票指数
stock option 股票期权
treasury bonds （t-bonds）国库券
the securities and futures ordinance （sfo）证券及期货条例
separation of powers n. 权利分离
SEC （securities and exchange commission）（美）证券交易委员会slump n./v. （经济）衰退，滑坡
soar / surge / climb n./v. （价格）上涨
soho （small office ; home office）soho一族（小型办公室和家庭办公室）solvency [ ] n. 偿付能力
sources of investment n. 投资主体
speculative ad,j. 投机性的
stabilize prices v. 稳定物价
start / build… from scratch v. 从零开始；白手起家
storage and transport n. 储运
strategic planning n. 战略部署，战略计划
strong （currency）adj. （货币）坚挺
strong demand n. 需求强劲
subsidy n. 补助金，津贴
sunrise industry n. 朝阳产业
sunset industry n. 夕阳产业
supply n. 供给
supply side economics n. 供方经济学
T
24 -hour service n.全天候服务
tangible benefits n.实惠
technology-intensive product n. 技术密集产品
tender-invitation n.招商
the distribution （allocation）of resources n.资源配置
the economic structure n.经济结构
the industrial structure n.产业结构
the macro-control system n.宏观调控体系
the market system n.市场体系
the open economy n.开放型经济
the order of the market economy n.市场经济秩序
the potentially largest market潜在的最大市场
the world trade organization世贸组织
trade n./v.贸易
ASEAN （Association of South-East Asian Nations）东南亚国家联盟ASEAN Free Trade Area 东盟自由贸易区
EU （European Union）欧盟
chamber of import and export trade 进出口商会
diary product 奶制品
durable consumer goods, consumer durables 耐用消费品
FMCG （fast-moving consumer goods）快速消费品
grassland farming 牧业
horticultural product 园艺品
ice-free harbor 不冻港
L/C （letter of credit）信用证
lamb 羊羔
milk powder奶粉
mutton 羊肉
produce 农产品
protectionism 保护主义
quotation of prices 报价单retail market 零售市场
sea and air shipping service 海上和空中运输服务
single-product export country 单一产品出口国
steel 钢铁
the most competitive products 拳头产品
timber 木材
timber product 木器
trade balance 贸易平衡
trade bloc 贸易集团（如：欧盟）
trade conflicts 贸易冲突
trade in commodities and services 商品和服务贸易
trade monopolies and regional blockades 行业垄断和地区封锁trade sanction 贸易制裁
trade deficit （surplus）贸易逆差/ 顺差
trade volume 贸易额
wholesale market 批发市场
wool export 羊毛出口
traditional industries n. 传统产业
transaction n. 交易
triple n./v./adj. 增长两倍
turnover n.销售额
TV shots n.电视广告
TQC （Total Quality Control）n. 全面质量管理
U
unemployment insurance失业保险
unemployment rate失业率
urban economics城市经济学
utility设施
V
venture capital风险资金
veto 否决
vicious circle恶性循环
Virtual Economy虚拟经济
virtuous circle良性循环
W
welfare state福利国家
work force职工总数、劳动力
world multi-polarization世界多极化
SECTION Ⅱ：中译英30
按劳分配distribution according to one?s performance
按资排辈to assign priority according to seniority
保税区bounded zone
奔小康strive for relatively comfortable life
博鳌亚洲论坛Boao Forum for Asia
不良贷款bad loans
产品本土化product localization
产业不景气industrial depression
产业的升级换代upgrading of industries
产业格局industrial pattern
产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure
超负荷运转overloaded operation
承包责任制the contract responsibility
城市经济学urban economics
城乡居民收入income of urban and rural residents
城镇化urbanization
城镇居民可支配收入urban per capita disposable income
持续快速健康发展sustained, rapid and sound development
充足的发展空间ample room for development
重复生产duplication of production
出口加工区export processing zone
出口商品和服务goods and services for export
储运storage and transport
传统产业traditional industries
传销pyramid sales; multi-level marketing
创业机制business mechanism
刺激经济活动stimulate economic activities
刺激有效需求stimulate effective demand
促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy 大幅度跃升rise by a big margin
大开发the large-scale development
带动经济增长spur economic growth
独资公司exclusively-funded venture
翻两番quadruple
繁荣与稳定prosperity and stability
非公有制经济non-public sectors of the economy
风险资金venture capital
房地产real estate
首付down-payment 业主home owner
房产权威部门housing authority
住房贷款housing loan
房屋空置率housing vacancy rate
个人购房贷款individual housing loan
按揭mortgage
物业property management
房地产开发商real estate developer
未售出的存量房stockpile of unsold houses
房契、产权title
改革的力度the momentum of reform
改组、重组restructure
高新技术产业high and new technology industries
个人消费贷款individual consumption loan
个体、私营self-employed or private enterprises
更具活力更加开放的经济体系a more open and viable economic system
工业园区industrial park
公司法人责任制the corporate legal person responsibility system
公投referendum
公有制经济the public sector of the economy
股份制joint-stock system
固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets
国际信托投资international trust and investment
国民经济the national economy
国民经济的支柱pillar of the national economy
国民经济命脉the lifeline of the national economy
国有经济的布局和结构layout and structure of the state sector
国有企业state-owned enterprises （SOE）
国有企业改革和发展the reform and development of state-owned enterprises 合法经营lawful business operations
黑市black market
基础设施infrastructure
减员增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency
节约的，经济的economical
经济弊病economic ills
经济带economic belts
经济发展的良好势头a good momentum of economic growth
经济杠杆作用economic leverage
经济结构战略性调整strategic adjustment of the economic structure
经济全球化economic globalization
经济特区special economic zones（SEZ）
经济文化交流economic and cultural exchanges
经济效益好good economic returns
经济增长economic growth
经济总量economic aggregate
可持续发展sustainable development
跨越式发展leapfrog development
扩大内需expand domestic demand
拉动经济增长fuel economic growth
劳动力labor
劳务输出export of labor services
两岸经济合作cross-straits economic cooperation
民营科技企业non-public scientific and technological enterprises
南北差距the north-south gap
农村富余劳动力surplus rural labor
农业的市场竞争力competitiveness of agriculture in the market
泡沫经济bubble economy
贫富悬殊income disparity
贫困地区impoverished areas
贫困人口impoverished people
瓶颈制约bottleneck restrictions
取得领先地位assume leadership
取缔非法收入outlaw illegal gains
人民币非常坚挺the RMB is very strong/ firm
三资企业（中外合资企业、中外合作企业、外商独资企业）
Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China
社会经济稳定social and economic stability
社会就业比较充分a higher rate of employment
社会生产落后the backwardness of social production
社会主义市场经济socialist market economy
社会主义现代化建设socialist modernization
深化国有企业改革to deepen SOE（state-owned enterprises）reform
生活富裕an affluent life
世界经济波动world economic fluctuations
市场经济秩序the order of the market economy
市政工程municipal works; public works
试点工程、试点项目pilot project 收入悬殊excessive disparity in income
私营部分private sector
私营企业private enterprise
商业银行commercial banks
建设银行construction bank
工商银行industrial & commercial bank
中国银行bank of China
农业银行agricultural bank
交通银行bank of communications
招商银行merchants bank
税收taxation
农业税agricultural tax
保税区bonded area
消费税consumption tax
个人所得税personal income tax
财产税property tax
保护关税protective duty/tariff
岁入税；关税收入revenue tax
营业税sales tax
关税tariff
逃税、漏税tax evasion
免税期tax holiday
纳税人tax payer
税收政策tax policy
税收减除tax relief
脱贫致富shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity
拓宽消费领域expand the scope of consumption
投资investment
投资地点investment destination
投资环境investment environment
投资机构investment institutions
投资热investment fever
投资者investor
投资政策investment policy
W
外商直接投资foreign direct investment
外向型经济outward-looking economy
外资企业overseas-funded enterprises; foreign-funded company
完善的社会主义市场经济体制full-fledged socialist market economy
温饱having only adequate food and clothing
稳定物价stabilize prices
稳健的货币政策the sound monetary policy
外汇foreign exchange
外汇储备reign exchange reserves
外汇管理局SAFE （State Administration of Foreign Exchange）
外汇管制foreign exchange control
外汇汇率foreign exchange rate
外商直接投资direct foreign investment
X
西部地区China's western region
西部大开发the large-scale development of C hina?s western region
下岗失业人员再就业reemploy laid-off workers
消费需求的不足insufficient consumer spending
消费者权益日International Day for Consumers' Rights and Interests
国际交流和合作international exchanges and cooperation
新的经济增长点new growth areas in the economy
需求疲软weak demand
Y
亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis
衣食住用行food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities
优化消费结构optimize the consumption structure
Z
招商inviting tenders; leasing
振兴装备制造业revival of the equipment manufacturing industry
政府资助项目government-sponsored programs
质检QC （quality check）
中部地区the central region
中长期国外投资medium- and long-term foreign investment
中国出口商品交易会（广交会）China Export Commodities Fair （Guangzhou Fair）
中国加入世贸组织China's entry into the WTO
中国购物中心论坛China Shopping Center Forum
中国电信China Telecom
中国联通China Unicom
中国移动China Mobile
中信（中国国际信托投资公司）Citic group
中央银行the Central Bank / PBOC
专卖店exclusive agency; franchised store
资源消耗低low resources consumption
资源优化配置optimize resource allocation
自负盈亏responsible for one's own profits and losses
自给自足autarky
自由贸易free trade
自由贸易区free trade zone
自由职业人员free-lance professionals
重点项目key project
国家重点工程national key projects
南水北调South-to-North water diversion
西电东送West-East electricity transmission project
西气东输West-East natural gas transmission project
第三章文化，艺术，娱乐
Section I 英译中
音乐
aria n.独唱曲，咏叹调
background music n.背景音乐
band n. 乐队
baritone n.男中音
bass n.低音部，男低音，低音乐器
beat n.节奏，鼓点
brass n.铜管乐器，或铜管乐队
Broadway musicals n. 百老汇音乐剧
canon n. 卡农，一种乐曲形式，其中同样的旋律被一个或多个声部重复，同一调或相关调彼此在时间上重合
chord n. 和弦，和音
composer n.作家，作曲家
concerto n.协奏曲
conductor n. 管弦乐队、合唱队指挥
contemporary music n. 当代音乐
crescendo n. 声音渐增，渐强
decrescendo n. 渐弱
dissonanc n. 不谐和音，不一致
duet n.二重奏
finale n.（戏剧的）最后一场，结局，终曲，（电视剧）最后一集flat n. [音]降半音
fox trot n.狐步舞，狐步舞曲
fugue n.[音]赋格曲
genre n.类型，流派
acid jazz 酸性爵士
alternative 另类（非主流）音乐，如gay music （同性恋音乐）
bluegrass 蓝草音乐--起源于美国南方的民间音乐，特色为音乐轻快和象爵士乐那样即兴演奏
blues 布鲁斯歌曲（蓝调音乐）
Celtic 凯尔特音乐（尤指爱尔兰风格）
classical 古典乐
country 乡村音乐
dance 劲爆蹦迪音乐
easy listening轻音乐
electronica 电子音乐
environmental music 环境音乐
experimental 实验音乐
folk 民族音乐
fusion 融合音乐
heavy metal / hard rock 重金属摇滚
hip-hop / urban 嘻蹦乐，又译嘻哈
house 电子乐的一种（注：Hip Hop或Rap源于纽约黑人区，House Music 源于芝加哥，但多为白人所作，同时House Music主要为强调Bass Line及Drums 的音乐花招，并不涉及文化觉醒或社会运动等主题。）
Indie-Rock独立音乐（属于另类音乐）
jazz 爵士乐
Jazz Blues 爵士布鲁斯
Latin 拉丁乐
musicals 音乐剧
New Age 新时代乐风--以在某些乐器上宁静的即兴创作为特征的现代音乐，例如风琴、吉它或合成器。以梦幻般的悦耳音乐和民族器乐的乐风而闻名Punk /New wave 朋克/ 新浪潮
R & B 节奏布鲁斯
Rap 说唱
Reggae 雷鬼乐，一种风格独特的牙买加音乐
Retro 怀旧音乐
Soft rock 慢摇滚
soul music （美国黑人）爵士灵歌，结合了福音唱诗以及节奏布鲁斯音乐的特点
soundtrack 电影配乐
swing 摇摆乐，形成于1935年前后的一种流行舞蹈音乐，以爵士乐为基础，但运用更简单的和声和节奏形式以及更大的管乐队
Techno 强烈动感的电子音乐
Trance 非常Hi的电子舞曲，迷幻电子乐
gospel n. 福音音乐
harmony n. [音]和弦，和声，悦耳的声音组合
hymn n.赞美诗，圣歌v.唱赞美歌
improvisation n.即席创作
lip synching v./n. 对口型，假唱
lyrics n.抒情诗，歌词
march n. [音] 进行曲
melody n. 旋律
opera n.歌剧
opus n.作品
orchestra n.管弦乐队
a large musical ensemble consisting of string, woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments
percussion n. 打击乐器，鼓点
polka n.波尔卡舞曲
pop music n. 流行音乐，通俗音乐
quartet n.四重奏，四重唱
Renaissance n.文艺复兴，有文艺复兴时期的艺术风格的音乐
the period in Western Europe from 1400-1600; the style of music from this period
repertoire n.（准备好演出的）节目，保留剧目
an inventory of compositions mastered and performed by a musician or ensemble Requiem Mass n. 安魂曲
a Mass for the dead
rhumba n.（=rumba）伦巴舞蹈，伦巴乐曲
a ballroom dance based on the Afro Cuban rumba
rhythm n.节奏，韵律
rock n. 摇滚乐
salsa n. 萨尔萨舞曲，拉丁美洲一种流行舞曲
samba n.桑巴舞（一种源自非洲的巴西舞）
score n. 乐谱
solo n.独奏曲，独唱
sonata n.[音]奏鸣曲
a multimovement composition for solo instrument, or instruments and keyboard accompaniment
soprano n.女高音
symphony n.交响乐，交响曲
tango n.探戈
an Argentinean dance in duple meter with long, gliding steps
tempo n.（音乐）速度、拍子，发展速度
the speed of the music, based on the beat
tenor n. [音] 男高音
a high pitched male voice
theme n. [音] 主题，主题曲，主旋律
theme and variations n. [音]主题与变奏
trio n.三重唱
vocal range n. 音域
waltz n.华尔兹舞，华尔兹舞曲
SECTION II: 中译英
2.1 中国文化
四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China
[扩展]
火药gunpowder
印刷术printing
造纸术paper-making
指南针the compass
中国古代哲学家Ancient Chinese Philosophers
孔子Confucius
孟子Mencius
老子Lao Tzu
庄子Chuang Tzu
墨子Mo Tzu
孙子Sun Tzu
（注：see attached for famous quotations of Ancient Chinese Philosophers 引言见附录）
道Tao , “the way”，the principle of the workings of the universe
仁humaneness （also mean: humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue）
四书The Four Books
《大学》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
《孟子》The Mencius
书法五大书体five major styles of calligraphy
篆书seal script / seal character
隶书official script / clerical script
行书running script / semi-cursive script
草书cursive script
楷书regular script / standard script
中国画traditional Chinese painting
水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting
工笔traditional Chinese realistic painting
六艺：six classical arts
[扩展]
礼rites
乐music
射archery
御riding
书writing
数arithmetic
孙子兵法The Art of War
汉字Chinese character
（汉字）笔画stroke
偏旁部首radical
书写体系writing system
汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan
汉学家Sinologist / Sinologue
中国热Sinomania
同宗同源of the same origin
华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors
单音节single syllable
汉语有“合理的逻辑性” Chinese language is “soberly logical” （Edward Sapir, American linguist）
汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characters
level tone阳平
rising tone阴平
falling-rising tone上声
falling tone去声
武术martial art
中国武术Kung fu
武术门派styles or schools of martial art
习武健身practice martial art for fitness
古代格斗术ancient form of combat
中国武术协会Chinese Martial Art Association
武林高手top martial artist
气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises
柔道judo
空手道Karate
跆拳道tae kwon do
拳击boxing
摔跤wrestling
击剑fencing
仗剑走天涯walk the earth （with a sword）
武侠小说tales of roving knights; kung fu novels
中国文学Chinese literature
《三国演义》Three Kingdoms
《西游记》Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions
《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror；Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers
《西厢记》the Romance of West Chamber
《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin
《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio
《围城》Fortress Besieged
《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q
春秋the Spring and Autumn Annals
史记Historical Records
诗经The Books of Songs；the Book of Odes
书经The Books of History
易经I Ching; the Book of Changes
礼记the Book of Rites
孝经Book of Filial Piety
三字经three-character scripture；three-word chant
八股文eight-part essay; stereotyped writing
五言绝句five-character quatrain
七言律诗seven-character octave
中国建筑Chinese architecture
四合院quadrangle, the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard
蒙古包（Mongolian）yurt
碑刻，碑文，碑铭inscriptions on a tablet
碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest
道观Taoist temple
殿hall 烽火台beacon tower
鼓楼drum tower
华表ornamental column
回廊corridor
祭坛altar
假山rockeries
角楼watchtower
廊corridor
牌楼pailou, decorated archway
桥bridges
石舫stone boat
石窟grotto
水榭pavilion on the water
塔pagoda; tower
台terrace
坛altar
亭阁pavilion
钟楼bell tower
柱pillar, column, post
陵墓emperor?s mausoleum/tomb
重要文化遗产major cultural heritage
优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts
文物cultural relics
中国结Chinese knot
旗袍Cheongsam
中山装Chinese tunic suit
唐装traditional Chinese garments （clothing），Tang suit 景泰蓝cloisonné
朝廷使者royal court envoy
文人men of letters
雅士refined scholars
文化产业culture industry
文化底蕴cultural deposits
文化事业cultural undertaking
文化交流cross-cultural communication
文化冲突culture shock
民族文化national culture
民间文化folk culture
城镇文化urban culture
乡村文化rural culture
当地文化native culture
表演艺术performing art
现代流行艺术popular art, pop art
纯艺术high art
高雅艺术refined art
电影艺术cinematographic art
戏剧艺术theatrical art
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生（男性正面角色）male （the positive male role）
旦（女性正面角色）female （the positive female role）
净（性格鲜明的男性配角） a supporting male role with striking character
丑（幽默滑稽或反面角色） a clown or a negative role
花脸painted role
独角戏monodrama；one-man show
歌舞喜剧musical
滑稽场面，搞笑小噱头shtick
滑稽短剧skit
京剧票友amateur performer of Beijing Opera / Peking Opera fan
京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask
口技ventriloquism
木偶戏puppet show
旁白voice over
皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show
说书story-telling
叠罗汉make a human pyramid
折子戏opera highlights
踩高跷stilt walk
哑剧pantomime; mime
哑剧演员pantomimist
戏剧小品skit
马戏circus show
单口相声monologue comic talk, standup comedy
特技表演stunt
相声witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk
杂技acrobatics
京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment 秦腔shaanxi opera
篆刻sealcutting
阴文characters cut in intaglio
阳文characters cut in relief
图章seal
刻刀graver
拓碑making rubbings from stone inscriptions
拓片rubbing
工艺，手艺workmanship / craftsmanship
手工艺品handicraft
木雕wood carving
黄杨木雕boxwood craft
雕漆carved lacquerware
石雕stone carving
微雕miniature engraving
象牙雕ivory carving
竹雕bamboo engraving
贝雕shell carving
冰雕ice sculpture
彩塑painted sculpture
瓷釉enamel
刺绣embroidery
卷轴scroll
蜡染batik
泥人clay figure
漆画lacquer painting
漆器Lacquer ware
青瓷色Celadon
双面绣two-sided embroidery
水墨画Landscape/ ink painting
苏绣Suzhou embroidery
檀香扇sandalwood fan
唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
陶器pottery
制陶业Ceramics
文房四宝The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper
砚刻inkslab engraving
宜兴陶Yixing pottery
折扇Folding fan
枝编工艺Wickerwork
织锦，挂毯Tapestry
纸工艺品papier mache
中国画Chinese painting
民间传说folklores
寓言fable
传说legend
神话mythology
玉皇大帝God of Heaven
八仙the Eight Immortals
嫦娥Chang?e, the Chinese moon goddess
伏羲Fu Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry
福禄寿三星god of fortune, god of prosperity, god and longevity
财神god of fortune
灶神god of the kitchen
共工Gonggong, God of Water
后羿Houyi （a legendary hero who shot down nine suns）
黄帝Yellow Emperor
夸父Kuafu （a fabled sun-chasing giant）
女娲Nuwa : a goddess who patches up the sky
盘古Pan Gu , creator of the universe
神农Patron of Agriculture
禹Yu , the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty
祝融Zhurong, God of Fire
古为今用，洋为中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗inscribe a poem
对对联matching an antithetical couplet
阳历Solar calendar
公历Gregorian calendar
阴历Lunar calendar
天干heavenly stem
地支earthly branch
闰年leap year
二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms
十二生肖zodiac
Rat 鼠
Ox 牛
Tiger 虎
Hare 兔
Dragon 龙Snake 蛇
Horse 马
Sheep 羊
Monkey 猴
Rooster 鸡
Dog 狗
Pig猪
猴年year of monkey
本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches 传统节日traditional holidays
春节Spring Festival
拜年pay a New Year visit
爆竹，鞭炮firecracker
除夕Eve of Chinese New Year
春联Spring couplets
辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new
饺子Jiaozi, boiled dumpling
锅贴pot sticker
庙会temple fair
鸣钟辞旧岁ring out the old year
年画（traditional）New Year pictures
年夜饭the E ve Feast; family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year?s Eve
年终大扫除year-end household cleaning
守岁stay up late on the New Year?s Eve
团圆饭family reunion dinner
压岁钱New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift
舞龙dragon dance
元宵节Lantern Festival （15th day of the first lunar month）
元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings
花灯festival lantern
灯谜lantern riddle
狮子舞lion dance
踩高跷stilt walking
清明节Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day （April the 5th）
扫墓sweep tomb sites of loved ones
祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors
踏青go for an outing in spring
端午节Dragon Boat Festival （5th of the fifth lunar month）
赛龙舟dragon boat race
粽子zongzi （pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves）
Departed soul 亡灵
忠臣loyal minister
诗人屈原Quyuan the poet
中秋节Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day （15th of the eight lunar month）
月饼mooncake
赏月appreciate the glorious full moon
团圆reunion
桂花sweet osmanthus
重阳节Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day
赏菊admire the beauty of chrysanthemum
登高climb mountain
中药TCM traditional Chinese medicine （详见HEALTH一章）
秦始皇帝First Emperor, Emperor Chin
皇太后Empress Dowager
汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty （206BC-220AD）
成吉思汗Genghis Khan ; Temujin
才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies
文明摇篮cradle of civilization
夏朝Xia Dynasty
明清两代（of）Ming and Qing dynasties
中华文明Chinese civilization
文明摇篮cradle of civilization
地名：特别注意四川和陕拼法
四川Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan
陕西Shaanxi
古文明研究中心Research Center for Ancient Civilizations
中外学者Chinese and overseas scholars
考古学家archaeologists
人类学家anthropologist
历史学家historian
地理学家geographer
江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River
水乡景色riverside scenery
2.2 体育，娱乐
2008夏季奥运会2008 summer Olympics
主办2008年奥运会host the 2008 Olympic Games
奥运会火炬Olympic torch 奥运村Olympic village
奥运选手Olympian
奥运会核心精神the core spirit of the Olympic games 更快、更高、更强Citius, Altius, Fortius
东道国host country
主办城市host city
冬奥会Olympic Winter Games
国际奥委会IOC （International Olympic Committee）会歌anthem
会徽emblem
申办bid
申办成功win the bidding
板球criket
公开赛open / open tournament
锦标赛championships
国家体育总局State Physical Culture Administration
健美运动bodybuilding
教练coach / trainer
举重weight lifting
马术equitation
球类运动ball games
赛马horse race
射击shooting
射箭archery
室内运动indoor sports
室外运动outdoor sports
体育道德、运动家精神sportsmanship
田径track and field
跳高high jump
跳远long jump
马拉松marathon
职业选手professional athlete
自行车赛cycling
跨栏hurdle race
体操gymnastics
接力赛relay race
冰球hockey
娱乐recreation / entertainment
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《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention 比基尼bikini
茶道sado
敞蓬车convertible
宠物医院pet clinic
传媒media
吹风会briefing
大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener
大众传媒mass media （of communications）
发烧友zealot; enthusiastic fan
狗仔队paparazzo （singular），paparazzi（plural）
广告妙语punch line
吉尼斯世界记录Guinness Book of Records
家庭影院home theater
票房box office
泼水节Water-Sprinkling Festival
群众精神文化生活people's cultural life
人体彩绘body painting
迪斯尼乐园Disneyland
米老鼠Mickey mouse
唐老鸭Donald Duck
特技演员stunt man
替身演员stand-in; double
选美beauty contest, beauty pageant
综艺节目variety show
2.3 饮食文化
各大菜系major styles of cooking / cuisine
粽子Zongzi: a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves （eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival）
月饼moon cake
蜜饯candied preserved fruit / sweetened preserved plums
豆沙sweet bean paste
蛋黄egg yolk
咸蛋黄marinated egg yolk
海鲜seafood
扇贝scallop
大葱scallion
葱green onion
肉馅minced meat 鱼糜minced fillet
虾糜minced shrimp
饺子Jiaozi boiled dumpling
八宝饭8-treasure rice
鲤鱼carp
青鱼black carp
草鱼grass carp
欧洲鲫鱼crucian carp
鲫鱼golden carp
鲈鱼bass
桂鱼Chinese perch
石斑鱼garoupa
三文鱼/ 大麻哈鱼salmon
金枪鱼tuna
鳕鱼cod
年糕rice cake - year cake
胡桃walnut
饭票，餐券meal ticket
涮羊肉thin slices of mutton for boiling in a hot pot
芝麻sesame
油条deep-fried dough sticks
酱油soy sauce
绿豆mung beans
油饼deep-fried dough cake
汤soup
菜dish
豆浆soybean milk
盖交饭rice served with meat and veggies on top
香菜cilantro （Chinese parsley cilantro/ coriander）
粉丝glass noodles; vermicelli made from bean starch, etc.
馒头steamed buns
花卷steamed twisted rolls
包子steamed stuffed buns
肉包子steamed bun with meat filling
肉馅meat filling
豆沙包steamed bun filled with bean paste
豆沙馅bean-paste filling
春卷spring roll （ a thin sheet of dough, stuffed, rolled and fried）包饺子making Chinese dumplings