社会单元
Section A Text One
The Cost of Starting Families First
I. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary
1. make ends meet
2. perk
3. cut back on
4. unencumbered
5. conundrum
6. sabbatical
7. intangible
8. time off
9. way 10. skimp on
11. put … on hold12. stuck on 13. thrived 14. fledgling 15. ended up
II. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks 1. accomplish 2. mature 3. inseparable 4. expenses 5. pregnant
6. elevator
7. ease
8. scarcity
9. administration 10 maintenance
IV. Test your general knowledge
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. C.
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. B 10. A
11. D 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. D
V. Proofread the following passage
The majority of tribal and peasant societies in the past have had an “elementary” marriage system in Levi-Straussian term. That is to say,
marriage was not based on individual but ^ group choice and was 1. on determined by birth status, in other words kinship position. Marriage
has characteristically occurred at a very early age for women and
maximum fertility is aimed for. This very highly fertility was balanced
by heavy mortality, either perennial or in periodic crises, often 2. perennially triggered by war. Thus the checks were mainly of a positive kind,
acting through the biology of disease or starvation. In this
demographic world, man was on the mercy of the environment. 3. at
There were periods of disturbance of the balance with rapid population
growth for short periods before the positive checks operate again. 4. operated When the situation now in Europe is compared with that in the great
historic civilizations of India, China, Egypt or much of Europe up
to the end of the eighteenth century, ^ is clear that a revolution has 5. it occurred. The demographic pattern is entirely different and so is the
mating pattern. How and why this transformation occurred has important implications for the origins in industrialization and the current 6. of demographic patterns in the Third World. The study of mating patterns
in the past has been transformed over the last twenty or so years by the
applications of new method and the discovery of new materials. 7. methods Historical materials concerning marriages, births and deaths are
extremely difficult to use and for a long time it seemed unlikely that
much could be learnt in the detail concerning such intimate matters before 8. th/e
the nineteenth century. The work of historical demographers, particularly
in France and England, has changed the situation. Applying the method
of“family reconstitution”, that is the linking of baptisms, marriages and
burials, to the registers, and combining these with listings of inhabitants
and other documents, have provided a new picture of the emergence of 9. has
that unique west European marriage pattern, to which Hajnal drew
attention some twenty years ago. This study concentrate on the English 10. concentrates phenomenon, for it was in England that it was shown in its most
extreme and most precocious form.
Section A Text Two
Balding, Wrinkled, and Stoned
I. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary
1. turned out
2. irreversible
3. big-time
4. modulate
5. intermittently
6. pounce on
7. enormous
8. peer
9. whip up 10. notorious
11. rigorous 12. shake off 13. diminish 14. threshold 15. come by
II. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks 1. cumulation 2. estimated 3. recruitment 4. survival 5. intoxicating
6. compulsive
7. furtively
8. catastrophically
9. addictive 10. recovery
V. Proofread the following passage
The impulse for an official report on smoking and health, however,
came from a alliance of prominent private health organizations. In June 1. an 1961, the American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, the
National Tuberculosis Association, and the American Public Health
Association addressed a letter to President John F. Kennedy, on which 2. in
they called for a national commission on smoking, dedicated to “seeking
a solution to this health problem that would interfere least with the
freedom of industry or the happiness of individual.” The Kennedy 3. individuals administration responded the following year, after prompting from a
widely circulated critical study on cigarette smoking by the Royal
College of Physicians of London. On June 7, 1962, recently appointing 4. appointed Surgeon General Luther L. Terry announced that he would convene a
committee of experts to conduct a comprehensive review of
the scientific literature on the smoke question. Terry invited 5. smoking
representatives of the four voluntary medical organizations who had
first proposed the commission, as well as the Food and Drug
Administration, the Federal Trade Commission, the American Medical Association, and the Tobacco Institute (the lobbying arm of the tobacco industry) to nominate the commission members. Ten were finally chosen, 6.the representing a wide swath of disciplines in medicine, surgery,
pharmacology, and statistic, though none in psychology or the social 7. statistics sciences. Candidates qualified only if they had taken no previous stand
on tobacco use.
Meeting at the National Library of Medicine in the campus of the 8. __on_ National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, from November
1962 through January 1964, the committee reviewed more than 7,000
scientific articles with the help of over 150 consultants. Terry issued the
com mission’s report ^ January 11, 1964, choosing Saturday to minimize 9. on
the effect on the stock market and to maximize coverage in the Sunday
papers. As Terry remembered the event, two decades late, the report 10. later “hit the country like a bombsh ell. It was front page news and a lead
story on every radio and television station in the United States
and many abroad.”
Section B Text One
What Makes New Y orkers Tick
I. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary
1. aggravation
2. blasé
3. panhandlers
4. smitten with
5. make … tick
6. getup
7. weird
8. curb
9. bounce 10. bring … home to
11. jerky 12. Booster 13. spare 14. stroke 15. anonymity
II. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks 1. awareness 2. dwell 3. registration 4. irritating 5. impression
6. fun
7. excited
8. addressee
9. awe 10. probability
IV. Test your general knowledge
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. D.
7. B
8. C
9. C 10. D
11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. A
V. Proofread the following passage
One of the unpleasant things about traveling are bad places in the
road that causes bumps and jolts, upsetting you and knocking over your 1. cause coffee. These are particularl y bad when you’re not expecting them. It’s
the same way when you’re in that I call “the Transatlantic Zone” --- 2. what that’s any place and any time Americans and Germans are doing
business together. In the Transatlantic Zone there can also be bumps and
jolts if you’re not expecting them. Let me give you an example. 3. when When I was starting up my freelance business in 1984, I had a
German client, a businessman, ^ came to me and liberally shocked 4. who
me by the way he explained what he wanted from me.
He said to me at our first meeting, “Mr. Parks, you have to be
merciful with me, you have to stamp out every single mistake 5. merciless I make.” He was referring to his use of English, and to this day
I vividly remember his words, the pinched, painful look on
his face, and the pounded fist on my table as he said these 6. pounding words. At the time I wondered just what sort of relationship
I was getting myself into.
What I didn’t fully understand back then was that German
professionals expect high-level, expert performance for themselves, 7. _of_
and that fumbling around in English, the language of international to
business, amounts personal embarrassment, personal shame even.
Americans, on the other hand, usually don’t worry ^ linguistic perfection. 8.about
An American might put learning a foreign language on the
important-things-to-do-list. He might even start taking lessons,
but he certainly wouldn’t see performance in the language as a resource 9. source
of soul-searching anguish.
These are differences in our personal way of conducting business,
ve/ry rather typical differences between Americans and Germans, 10. very differences that can lead to friction in our person to person communication.
This sort of friction leads to a loss of effectiveness in transatlantic business,
and today I would like to explore with you reasons for this loss in
effectiveness, and what to do about it.
Section B Text Two
Looking For A Few Good Snitches
I. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary
1. let out
2. pleaded
3. denunciation
4. languish
5. counterfeit
6. lobby
7. rattled off
8. retaliation
9. loath 10. insular
11. incarcerate 12. undercover 13. apparel14. inept 15. plucked off
II. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks 1. worse 2. attachment 3. assignment 4. proof 5. govern
6. entry
7. refusal
8. threaten
9. suspect 10. luxurious
V. Proofread the following passage
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) launched an intensive search
of Nash which extended over the entire United States and parts of Canada. 1. for Evidence gathered by the FBI indicated that Nash had assisted in the escape
of seven prisoners from the U.S. Penitentiary at Leavenworth on December
11, 1931.
The investigation also disclosed Nash’s close association to Francis L. 2. to Keating, Thomas Holden and several other well-known gunmen who
participated in a number of bank robberies throughout the Midwest. Keating
and Holden were apprehended by FBI Agents on July 7, 1932, at Kansas
City, Missouri. Information gaining by the FBI as a result of the apprehension 3. gained of these two indicated that Nash was receiving protection from his
underworld contacts in Hot Springs, Arkansas.
Based on such an information, two FBI Agents, Frank Smith and F. Joseph 4. an Lackey, and McAlester, Oklahoma, Police Chief Otto Reed located and apprehended Nash on June 16, 1933, in a store in Hot Springs, Arkansas.
The law officers drove Nash to Fort Smith, Arkansas, that at 8:30 that 5.where night, they boarded a Missouri Pacific train bound for Kansas City,
Missouri. It was due to arrive there at 7:15 a.m. on June 17. Before leaving,
the lawmen took arrangements for R. E. Vetterli, Special Agent in Charge 6. made (SAC) of the FBI’s Kansas City Office to meet them at the train station.
Meanwhile, a number ^ outlaw friends of Nash had heard of his capture 7. of
in Hot Springs. They learned the time of the schedule arrival of Nash and 8. scheduled his captors in Kansas City and made plans to free him. The scheme was
conceived and engineered by Richard Tallman Galatas, Herbert Farmer,
“Doc” Louis Stacci, and Frank B. Mulloy. Vernon Miller was designated
to free Nash, and while at Mulloy’s tavern in Kansas City, he made a
number of phone call for assistance in the scheme. At about this time, 9. calls two gunmen, “Pretty Boy” Floyd and Adam Richetti, arrived in Kansas
City, and they were agreed to aid in the mission. 10. were
Unit1 The Burden of Womanhood 女人的负担 Too often in the Third World, a female?s life is hardly worth living. 往往在第三世界，女性的生活几乎是不值得活的。 By: John Ward Anderson & Molly Moore 约翰.沃德.安德森和莫莉.摩尔1.When Rani returned home from the hospital cradling her newborn daughter, the men in the family slipped out of her mud hut while she and her mother-in-law mashed poisonous oleander seeds into a dollop of oil and dropped it into the baby?s throat. As soon as darkness fell, Rani crept into a nearby field and buried her baby girl in a shallow, unmarked grave next to a small stream. 当拉尼抱着她刚出生的女儿从医院回到家时，男人们溜出了她的土屋，她和她的婆婆将有毒的夹竹桃种子捣碎成一团油，并将其塞到婴儿的喉咙里。夜幕一降临，拉尼就蹑手蹑脚地来到附近的一块土地，将她的女婴埋在一条小溪浅旁边的一个不深的、没有标记的坟墓内。 2.“I never felt any sorrow,” Rani, a farm laborer with a weather-beaten face, said through an interpreter. “There was a lot of bitterness in my heart toward the baby because the gods should have given me a son.” “我从来没有感到任何悲哀”，脸部饱经风霜的拉尼通过翻译说，“我的心对孩子充满了辛酸，因为神本应该赐予我一个儿子”。 3.Each year hundreds and perhaps thousands of newborn girls in India are murdered by their mothers simply because they are female. Some women believe that sacrificing a daughter guarantees a son in the next pregnancy. In other cases, the family cannot afford the dowry that would eventually be demanded for a girl?s marriage. 在印度每年有数百甚至数千名新生女婴被他们的母亲谋杀，只因为他们是女孩。有些妇女认为，牺牲一个女儿将保证下次怀孕是儿子。在其他情况下，家庭买不起女孩结婚时所需的嫁妆。 4.And for many mothers, sentencing a daughter to death is better than condemning her to life as a woman in the Third World, with cradle-to-grave discrimination, poverty, sickness and drudgery. 对于很多母亲而言，判处女儿死刑胜过让她在第三世界作为一个女人生活，经历一辈子的歧视、贫困、疾病和劳苦。 5. While women in the United States and Europe-----after decades of struggling for equal rights----often measure sex discrimination by pay scales and seats in corporate board rooms, women in the Third World gauge discrimination by mortality rates and poverty levels. 虽然欧美国家的妇女，在经过了几十年对平等权利的抗争之后，通常以工薪标准和董事会中的席位来衡量性别歧视，但第三世界的妇女以死亡率和贫困程度来衡量歧视。 6. “Women are the most exploited among the oppressed,” says Kauna Chanana Ah med, a New Delhi anthropologist who has studied the role of women in developing countries. “I don?t think it ?s even possible to eradicate discrimination, it?s so deeply ingrained.” “妇女是最受压迫和剥削的”，研究妇女在发展中国家的地位的新德里的人类学家Karuna
Unit Six Olympics and Sports Teaching Goals: 1. Understand a sports event poster 2. Invite someone to see a sports event 3. Talk about and comment on a sports event 4. Invite friends to take part in outdoor activities 5. Design and write a sports event poster Focal Points: 1. Understanding and designing a sports event poster 2. Key words and expressions Difficult Points: 1.Talk about and comment on a sports event 2.You should know about Successful Beijing Olympic Games Teaching Time: 8 periods Teaching Procedures and Class Activities SECTION I Talking Face to Face 1 Lead-in activities: Imitating Mini-Talks 1. Warm-up questions: 1) What sports or outdoor activities do you like most? 2) What information do you think a sports event poster should contain? 2. Class Activities: 1. The students read the Mini-Talks after the teacher, and then try to recite them within five minutes in pairs. 2. Ask the students to recite and perform the mini talks in class. 3. The students discuss in groups, summarizing the words, phrases and sentences frequently used according to the following topics with the help of the teacher. The students speak out the sentences under the guidance of the teacher, paying attention to the pronunciation and the intonation. 1) The way to talk about a sports event poster: (1) Haven’t you seen the poster of the friendly basketball match organized by the Students’ Union? (2) Look! There is a colored poster on the notice board. (3) A poster in the club lounge says there will be a fishing contest this weekend. (4) Let’s design a poster for it. (5) How should we decorate the poster to make it more attractive? (6) Look at the poster. It seems that there will be an exciting event happening in the community.
Unit 10 一、单元语法 本单元主要涉及将来进行时、将来完成时、将来完成进行时。 1．将来进行时 （1）表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作或按计划、安排、决定预料将要发生的事。例如： This time next week we shall be working in that factory. 下个星期的这时候，我们将在那个工厂劳动。 （2）常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等，例如： Will you be having dinner at home tonight? 你今晚在家吃饭吗？ 2．将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，其结构为will/ shall have been done。例如：We’ll have been learned 7,000 words by the end of this semester. 这个学期末，我们将学到7000个单词了。 I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow. 希望在你明天来之前，我们已经获得了所有信息。 3．将来完成进行时 将来完成进行时表示从某时刻开始到将来某时刻前一直进行，并可能继续进行的动作。主要是强调动作本身，其结构为will/ shall have been doing。
（1）表示将来某时某事之前业已在发生的动作，例如： He will have been playing on the piano by that time. （2）表示将来某时某动作已持续多久，例如： By six this evening I shall have been working for ten hours. 到晚上6点时，我就已经工作10小时了。 It will have been raining for a whole week if it rains again tomorrow. 如果明天继续下雨的话，那就下了整整一星期雨了。 二、词汇短语 Language Structures 1. see sb. off 为某人送行to take leave of someone 2. fit sth. out供给，装备supply sth. with the necessary equipment 3. plumber[ ] n. one person that installs and repairs pipes and plumbing 水暖工 4. onwards[ ]adv. moving or tending forward向前地：It reflects the challenging spirit that inspires us to move ever onwards.它体现的挑战精神激励我们勇往直前。 Dialogue I 1. emancipation[ ] n. the act or an instance of emancipating解 放
Unit 1 Language Structures Main Teaching Points: The Passive Sentence involving the moral auxiliary have to . The pupils should be told that their homework has to be checked before they hand it in. 2. converted from the active sentence with a direct and indirect object . She isn’t paid anything for overtime. 3. involving the verb phrase/ phrasal verb . I don’t think anybody should be made fun of because of his physical handicap. 4. from by the They say/It is said …patterns . They say/ It is said that three parks will be expanded. Language Points: scratch: (at sth.) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching;挠，搔（痒处）; to make or remove a mark刮出（或刮去）痕迹；（sb./sth.）(from sth.)to decide that sth. cannot happen or sb./sth. cannot take part in sth., before it starts.取消，撤销，退出 . 1) The dog scratched itself behind the ear. 2)I’d scratched my leg and it was bleeding. 3)Be careful not to scratch the furniture. 4)His pen scratched away on the paper. 5)to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划 6)She has scratched because of a knee injury. 2. turn sb./sth. down: to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it.拒绝，顶回（提议、建议或提议人）；to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把…调低；关小 has been turned down for ten jobs so far. 2)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down. 3)Please turn the volume down.音量调低。 3. look down on sb./sth.: to think that you are better than sb./ sth.蔑视，轻视，瞧不起 . She looks down on people who haven’t been to college. look sb. up and down: to look at sb. in a careful or critical way上下仔细打量，挑剔地审视某人 (not) look yourself :to not have your normal healthy appearance气色不像往常那样好 . You’re not looking yourself today.=You look tired or ill/sick.
Unit 1> Caring for Our Earth Passage A （三）、 1.Answer: A tree frog has taken up residence in my studio. Answer: He stopped and turned around and just sat there looking at me. 2.Answer: Possibly the tone of my computer sounded to him like other tree frogs. 3.Answer: Frogs were dying around the world. Answer: Frogs were being found whose skin was like paper. Answer: Frogs are an “indicator species”. 4.Answer: The frogs have a message for us. Answer: We must be the adults for the planet. Answer: There are no boundaries, that there is no more time. （四）、Answer: greenhouse residence communicate wired humming message sensitivity indicator （五）、Answer: 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. e 5. c 1. tone threatening 2. sensitivity smell 3. affected climate 4. tap resources 5. concerns environment （六）、Answer: 1. subtle 2. were overtaken 3. species 4. decades 5. boundaries 6. audio 7. directly 8. focus 9. tone 10. cupped （七）、Answer: 1. at that rate 2. For the sake of 3. come to 4. by hand 5. vice versa （八）、1. 年轻人有时会抱怨无法和父母沟通。(communicate with) Answer: Young people sometimes complain of being unable to communicate with their parents. 2. 能在中国云南的一个苗家村落住下来一直是玛丽长久以来的梦想，现在她终于梦想成真了。(to take up residence) Answer: It has been Mary’s long cherished dream to take up residence in a Miao village in Yunnan, China. Now her dream has finally come true. 3. 家养的动物习惯于依赖人，因此很难能在野外活下来。(survive) Answer: Domestic animals are used to depending on humans, so it is difficult for them to survive in the wild. 4. 他突然有种恐惧感，觉得自己会因为经济不景气而被公司裁员。(overtake) Answer: He was suddenly overtaken by a fear that he would be laid off by the company because of depression. 5. 我估计公交路线上堵车了，因为我都等了30分钟也没见一辆车开过去。(figure) Answer: I figure that there is a traffic jam on the route of the bus, for I’ve waited for 30 minutes without seeing one passing by. （九）、Answer: In spite of trade frictions, the US cannot do without China or vice versa. Answer: If you find yourself working without efficiency, you’d better relax for a while. Answer: The speaker glanced around the audience this way and that before he started speaking. Answer: My father’s opinion on my job change sounded to me like a warning. Answer: The labor union agreed to give up a pay increase for the sake of more job opportunities. （十）、Answer: The sandstorm is a horrible phenomenon. The clouds of dust are so heavy that
新编实用英语综合教程教学大纲 教学大纲是根据《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求（试行）》，并结合我校实际情况编写。 学时：第一学期 64 学时，第二学期72学时，每周授课4学时，开设两个学期，共计 136 学时。 适应专业：高职高专各个专业。（商务英语专业除外） 一、课程的性质和任务 课程性质：本课程为公共必修课。 课程任务：经过两个学期的学习，完成《新编实用英语综合教程》一至二册的教学，使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和技能，具有一定的听、说、读、写、译的能力，从而能借助词典翻译和阅读有关英语业务资料，在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活动中进行简单的口头和书面交流，并为今后进一步提高英语的交际能力打下基础。 相关课程：根据各专业自行设计安排，部分专业在修完本课程后开设专业英语。（计算机英语、秘书英语、汽车英语等） 二、课程的基本要求 本课程在加强英语语言基础知识和基本技能训练的同时，重视培养学生实际使用英语进行交际的能力。通过学习本课程，学生应该达到以下要求： 1、词汇 认知 2500 个英语单词（包括入学时要求掌握的 1000 个词）以及由这些词构成的常用词组，对其中 1500 个左右的单词能正确拼写，能进行英汉互译。 2、语法 掌握基本的英语语法规则，在听、说、读、写、译中能正确运用所学的语法知识。 3、听力 能听懂涉及日常交际的结构简单、发音清楚、语速较慢（每分钟 120 词左右）的英语对话和不太复杂的陈述，理解基本正确。能理解具体信息，理解所听材料的背景，并能推断所听材料的含义。 4、口语 掌握一般的课堂用语，并能模拟或套用常用口头交际句型，就日常生活和有关业务提出问题或做出简单回答，交流有困难时能采取简单的应变措施。 5、阅读 能阅读中等难度的一般题材的简短英文资料，理解正确。在阅读生词不超过总词数 3% 的英文资料时，阅读速度不低于每分钟 50 词。能读懂通用的简短实用文字材料，如信函、产品说明等，理解基本正确。并且掌握以下阅读技巧： 1）理解文章的主旨或要点； 2）理解文章中的具体信息； 3）根据上下文推断生词的意思； 4）根据上下文做出简单的判断和推理； 5）理解文章的写作意图，作者的见解和态度等； 6）就文章内容做出结论； 7）快速查找有关信息。 6、写作 能运用所学词汇和语法写出简单的短文；能用英语填写表格，套写便函、简历等，词句
Unit 5 The man who could beat AIDS D avid Ho has already helped the world control HIV with powerful new drugs. For his next trick, he'd like to eradicate it David Ho已经帮助世界通过强大的新药控制HIV。对于他的下一个技巧，他想根除它。 1，何博士在2007年的艾滋病会议期间坐在观众面前，演示者在屏幕上闪现了一个卡通片。与他的同事一起，何先生笑着一个蒙着眼睛的棒球运动员的形象，在一个传来的音调强劲地摇摆。但是，像科学家们所喜欢的，他们也是如此; 他们知道卡通中的玩家是他们。一个秋千和一个小姐，形象是说，许多人在长期抗击艾滋病战斗之一。 2，Ho得到了信息。在将近四分之一个世纪，他和其他艾滋病科学家一直不断地。咽，没有接触，因为艾滋病毒一次又一次地阻碍了他们。强大的药物，以减少艾滋病毒可以做到这么多。为了流行这种流行病并真正预防艾滋病毒，只有疫苗会做。问题是，没有疫苗战略曾经成功地阻止病毒感染新的主机，这在不久的将来不太可能改变。“棒棒球的形象”Ho说。“我认为它准确地描绘了我们成功的机会，我们都感到沮丧。 3，自那次会议以来，情况发生了很大变化，但是发展有效艾滋病疫苗的根本问题仍然存在。积极的一面是，2009年，科学家宣布，他们已经开发了第一个疫苗，以显示对艾滋病毒感染的任何影响- 尽管所有措施，这种影响是适度的。该疫苗降低新发艾滋病毒感染风险的能力31％远远低于公共卫生专家通常认为的传染病疫苗最低阈值的70％至90％。甚至更进一步落后的发展，但仍有希望，是由一组研究人员在一些实验室工作的两个新的抗体，至少在一个菜，似乎中和病毒，阻止感染健康细胞的企图。 4，然而，对这些进步的兴奋已被2007年的一个谦逊的撤退的仍然未加工的回忆，在一个预期的射击被认为失败后，被缓和。虽然没有人预料到壮观的结果，也没有人期望这样一个惊人的失败，科学界仍然努力从中恢复。哈佛医学院艾滋病专家布鲁斯·沃克博士说：“我们还有很长的路要走，有效的艾滋病毒疫苗，医生可以进入内阁，拉出一个小瓶，并注射到一个人。 5，这可能是真的，但是，他一直在努力开发自己的艾滋病毒疫苗，现在认为传统的枪杀，一个依靠病毒的片段，唤醒和刺激免疫系统以产生抗体，可能不是防治艾滋病毒的最好办法。而不是期待身体做所有的工作，首先认识到，然后加强对病毒的攻击，为什么不提出身体与一个现成的抗体，可以回家艾滋病毒的武器库？这是免疫学上等同的冷冻晚餐; 已经煮熟的抗体消除了准备和启动免疫系统做战斗的所有艰苦的工作。 6，这是一个大胆的战略，并在艾滋病领域从未尝试过，但Ho愿意利用他的声誉和他近20年的设施，亚伦钻石艾滋病研究中心（ADARC）在纽约，在他的预感。比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会也是如此，他控制了将近700万美元他追求这个理论的方式。Ho已经将他的实验室的一半以上重定向到该项目，到目前为止的结果重新激发了他对发现的热情; 他现在回到实验室长凳监督实验。 7，只要他讨论这个新项目，他就不能勉强咧嘴笑了，笑得太迟了。在20世纪90年代，他和ADARC通过早期使用减少艾滋病死亡率的抗逆转录病毒（ARV）鸡尾酒（1996年Ho被命名为“年度最佳人物”）成为艾滋病领域的领导者。但是，近年来，中心遭受了一系列挫折，包括需要部分撤回的科学论文，以及关键科学家的离开。这些挑战有一些在现场想知道ADARC和它的黄金男孩主任是否在艾滋病的下一个大突破的边缘或在漫长和疯狂的抗击疾病的另一个曲折。 8，第一反应者？无论何事，他在他面前都没有成功，他早就在艾滋病领域获得了自己的证书。作为加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的医生，在20世纪80年代初，他开始记录患者的日记，这些患者被送往急诊室，伴有一种神秘的汞合金症状，例如肺炎，癌症，最重要的是一个毁灭性的下降免疫功能。几个月后，他注意到一种模式：大多数患者是同性恋者。有趣
Unit 8 1.By five o’clock this evening he ________in Hong Kong. A has been traveling B is to travel C having traveled D will be traveling 2. Mary _______ this movie until yesterday. A didn’t see B hadn’t seen C wasn’t seeing D hasn’t seen 3. I’d rather that you _______ tell him. A don’t B not C didn’t D can’t 4. Yesterday he promised that he ________ today, but he hasn’t appeared yet. A will come B is coming C would have come D would come 5. The city of Montreal ________ over 70 squares miles. A covers B that covers C covering D is covered 6. Experiments in the photography of moving subjects__________ in both the United States and Europe well before 1900. A have been conducting B were conducting C had been conducted D being conducted 7. By next August, I ________ here for two years. A have been living B had been living C will have been living D will live 8. We _______ 15 lessons by the end of last year. A learned B learn C had learned D had been learning 9. A strange woman _______ the room and _______ the window. A enters is closing B entered closed C entered had closed D enters close 10. I’ll go with you as long as I ________ to sing. A won’t have B don’t have C haven’t D am not having 11.Xiao Li _______ home, otherwise he would have phoned me. A have got B ought to have got C couldn’t have got D shouldn’t have got 12. Mary is not so interested in music as she _______. A was used to B was used to be C use to D used to be 13. He ought to be punished, _______ he? A shouldn’t B can’t C oughtn’t to D shan’t 14. What are you doing? You ________ be studying now. A may B should C shall D would 15. You are certainly right, whatever others _______ say. A must B may C should D can 16. His wife _______ him three fine children. A has born B borne C has borne D was born 17. This coat _______ you. A isn’t fit by B isn’t fit C does not fit D does not fit for 18. My watch doesn’t work very well and it ________. A need to be repaired B needs to repair C needs repairing D is needed to repair 19. George would certainly have attended the meeting_________. A if he didn’t miss the bus B if he hadn’t missed the bus C had he not had missed the bus D had he missed the bus 20. The porter insisted _____ us with our luggage A to help B on helping C he can help D in helping
博士研究生英语综合教程答案及参考译文 KEY TO THE EXERCISES Unit One Science Text 1 Can We Really Understand Matter? I. Vocabulary 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C II. Definition 1. A priority 2. Momentum 3. An implication 4. Polarization 5. the distance that light travels in a year, about 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion km. 6. a contradictory or absurd statement that expresses a possible truth 7. a device that speeds up charged elementary particles or ions to high energies III. Mosaic 1. The stress: (Omitted) Pronunciation rule: An English word ended with–tion or –sion has its stress on the last syllable but one. 2. molecule 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A IV. Translation A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation) B.In September 1995, anti-hydrogen atom—an anti-matter atom—was successfully developed in European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland. After the startling news spread out, scientists in the West who were indulged in the research of anti-matter were greatly excited. While they were attempting to produce and store anti-matter as the energy for spacecraft, they raised a new question: Many of the mysterious nuclear explosions in the recent one hundred years are connected with anti-matter. That is to say, these hard-to-explain explosions are tricks played by anti-matter. They are the ―destruction‖ phenomenon caused by the impact between matter and anti-matter. V. Grouping A.Uncertainty: what if, illusory, indescribable, puzzle, speculation, seemingly, in some mysterious way B.Contrast: more daunting, the hardest of hard sciences, do little to discourage, from afar, close scrutiny, work amazingly well C. Applications of Quantum mechanics: the momentum of a charging elephant, building improved gyroscopes 1. probabilities 2. illusory 3. discourage 4. scrutiny VI. Topics for Discussion and Writing (Omitted) WRITING?STRATEGY?DEFINITION I. Complete the following definitions with the help of dictionaries. 1. To bribe means to influence the behavior or judgment of others (usually in positions of power) unfairly or illegally by offering them favors or gifts.
Unit 3 一、词汇短语 Text I 1. anecdote []n. short account of an incident(especially a biographical one)趣闻，轶事；(复数)秘史 2. admirable [] adj. deserving of the highest esteem or admiration令人钦佩的；极好的，绝妙的；值得赞扬的e g. She did an admirable job of holding the audience’s attention. 她做了件值得钦佩的 事：吸引了观众的注意力。 3. knack [] n. a special way of doing something诀窍，窍门；熟练技术，技巧；需要技巧的工作；巧妙手法 4. awe [] n. an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration敬畏；惊惧；惊叹 5. inflection [] n. a manner of speaking in which the loudness or pitch or tone of the voice is modified变音，转调
6. awry [] adj. turned or twisted toward one side歪斜地；错误地 7. endearing [] adj. 10vable especially in a childlike or naive way 使人喜欢的，讨人喜欢的 8. vestige [] n. an indication that something has been present遗迹；退化的器官；残余部分 9. prodigy [] n. an unusually gifted or intelligent(young)person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration奇才，天才(尤指神 童) 10. dullard [] n. a person who is not very bright愚人，笨蛋 11. calculus [] n. the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions(数) 运算，演算，微积分(学) 12. stationary [] adj. standing still；not capable of being moved不动的，固定的；静止的 13. abreast [] adv. alongside each other，facing on the same direction
新编实用英语综合教程 1. Education is your first priority As soon as you arrive on campus, there will be competing interests. Feel free to check them out but always remember that you are there first and foremost for your education. Go to class prepared and on time. Be engaged during class. Make sure your professor knows you and realizes that you care. 2. Be responsible Do what you say you will do and, if you can't, own up to it early and communicate clearly. But being responsible isn't just about meeting your commitments; it is also about taking care of you, your body, and your friends. 3. Take the opportunity Incredible opportunities will present themselves: studying abroad, interning at a unique place, trying new things. Don't let fear prevent you from taking advantage of them. Say yes to opportunities that will help you grow.