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Nonverbal Communication
WHAT IS IT?
“…includes everything about us that sends a message of some kind without words.” (Tyler, Kossen & Ryan, 2005)
Any communication that is not verbal or graphic
Involves codes not derived from spoken languages
Codes are conventional & culturally specific
Meaning is influenced by context, gender & culture
Is not always easy to interpret
WHAT IS IT ABOUT?
(Harrison, 1974: 24-25)
From the territoriality of animals to the protocol of diplomats
From the message of massage to the persuasion of a
From the message of massage to the persuasion of a punch
From inner (but inexpressible) feelings to outdoor public monuments
From dance and drama to music and mime
From the rhetoric of violence to the rhetoric of the topless dancer
The Linguistic--Kinesic Analogy
The Linguistic
(Birdwhistle, 1952)
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES
(Burgoon, 1984 in Littlejohn, 1999:74)
1.Analogic -continuous, forming a spectrum
2.Iconic –resembles the things being symbolised
3Elicits universal meaning–emotional displays
3.Elicits universal meaning emotional displays
4.Enables simultaneous transmission of certain messages
5.Often evokes automatic responses
6.Often emitted spontaneously
DYSSEMIA
(Eunson, 2005:249)
KEY ASPECTS
Proxemics
Kinesics/Kinetics Haptics
Artifacts Chronemics
Paralinguistic
Physical environment Chromatics
Olfactics
PROXEMICS
‘The study of the spatial relationships between individuals’TERRITORIALITY
Primary territories
Secondary territories
Public territories
PERSONAL SPACE
KINESICS
Hand gestures
Facial expressions
Eye movement
Posture
Physical characteristics
BODY GESTURES
(De Vito,2004: 181)
LIE DETECTION METHODOLOGY
(Ekman, 2006)
POLYGRAPH
EYE SCANS
FACIAL ACTION CODING SYSTEM
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (No Lie MRI)
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
( Ekman & Friesen in Littlejohn & Foss, 2005:105)
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
g y g
43 muscles in the face working at any given time
Validated Darwin’s theory
Principles which explain why a particular emotional expression occurs with a particular emotion apply across species.
Are -innate not necessarily culturally specific
Micro expressions
Nonverbal leakage
Self deception –deception of others NONVERBAL SIGNS OF DECEPTION
HAPTICS
Touching behaviours influenced by:
The nature of the relationship
Gender
Status
Context
Culture
Touching in a workplace context
ARTIFACTS Those things with which we adorn our bodies: Clothing
Tattoos
Jewellery
Glasses
Objects we own
Status symbols
CHRONEMICS
MONOCHRONIC
Do one thing at a time Concentrate on the task Take time commitments seriously POLYCHRONIC
Do many things at once
Highly distractible, subject to interruptions
Casual about time
Committed to the task
Accustomed to short-term relationships
commitments
Committed to people Tend to build life time relationships
CHRONEMICS –PSYCHOLOGICAL
TIME
(DeVito, 2006: 150-151)
PAST ORIENTATION
PAST ORIENTATION
PRESENT ORIENTATION
FUTURE ORIENTATION
PARALINGUISTICS
It’s not what you say –it’s the way you say it! Volume, Pitch, Tone, Articulation, Inflection, Emphasis, Pace
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Furniture
Décor
Music
Pets
C
Cars
OLFACTICS
Influences body chemistry/emotional state
10,000 different odours
Aromatherapy
Sex pheromones
Body odour
Advertising
CHROMATICS
Using colour to create meaning Buildings, clothing, car, hair “Red flag to a bull” “This project has the green light”
“That’s understandable –she’s a blonde” Advertising Creating mood ‘Power’ dressing Emotion she s a blonde “He was green with envy” “In the black/red” “The red light place”
RED
China: prosperity & rebirth; festive & joyous
African countries (some): blasphemy, death
COLOUR & CULTURE
(Dresser, 1996, In De Vito, 2004: 203
GREEN
US, Australia: go, envy, capitalism
Japan: youth & energy
Egypt: fertility & strength
WHITE
Thailand: purity
Japan: mourning
Western: purity
Muslim & Hindu: purity & peace
Allows us time to think
As a weapon to hurt others
As a response to personal anxiety
To prevent communication of certain messages
SILENCE
(DeVito, 2004: 196)
To prevent communication of certain messages Communicates emotional responses
To achieve special effects
NVC AND CORPORATE BRANDING
(Gipson, 2001)
IMAGE ADVERTISEMENTS
NVC can be processed much faster than text
Recall of NVC elements is better than verbal elements
Can be processed much quicker than text
q
Focus on qualities of a brand rather than benefits
Combines with music
FUNCTIONS
(Tyler et al, 2005:186-7)
Repeat-the verbal message
Contradict-the verbal message
Substitute-for verbal cues
p g
Complement-the verbal message
Accent-specific parts of verbal message
Regulate-flow of conversation
PRINCIPLES
(O’Rourke, 2010:260)
O
Occurs in a context
Behaviours are usually packaged
Always communicates
Is governed by rules
Is highly believable
Is metacommunicational
SUMMARY
Is a major factor in forming and managing impressions & forming & defining relationships Plays a major role in expressing emotions
Should not be interpreted in isolation
Often seen as more believable than verbal
Sometimes difficult to control
Is influenced by culture & gender
Because of it we cannot not communicate
一、PPT模板与软件: 1、ScienceSlides: ScienceSlides就是一种PPT插件,可方便的画出各种细胞器化学结构,用来论文画图确实很好用。特别就是用这个与AI(illustrator)结合,画的图可以媲美老外的CNS哦。 2、科研医学美图PPT模板 3、200+套绝美PPT模板 二、代谢与信号分析软件: 1、CellNetAnalyzer: CellNetAnalyzer,就是一种细胞网络分析工具,前身就是FluxAnalyzer,就是基于MatLab的代谢网络与信号传导网络分析模块,。这就是一个典型的代谢流分析工具,可以进行代谢流的计算、预测、目标函数的优化,端途径分析、元素模式分析,以及代谢流之间的对比等。可以基本满足研究一个中型代谢网络的结构尤其就是计算流分配的要求,大部分论文中的代谢网络分析都就是或明或暗的用这个分析的。
2、信号通路图汇总 3、药理学思维导图 三、二维、三维构图软件: 1、DeepViewer _4、10_PC DeepViewer ,曾经也叫做Swiss-PdbViewer,就是一个可以同时分析几个蛋白的应用程序。为了结构比对并且比较活性位点或者任何别的相关部分,蛋白质被分成几个层次。氨基酸突变,氢键,原子间的角与距离在直观的图示与菜单界面上很容易获得。 2、pymol-0_99rc6-bin-win32 PyMOL就是一个开放源码,由使用者赞助的分子三维结构显示软件。PyMOL适用于创作高品质的小分子或就是生物大分子(特别就是蛋白质)的三维结构图像。PyMOL的源代码目前仍可以免费下载,供使用者编译。对于Linux、Unix以及Mac OS X等操作系统,非付费用户可以通过自行编译源代码来获得PyMOL执行程式;而对于Windows的使用者,如果不安装第三方软件,则无法编译源代码。 四、分子生物学软件
一、PPT模板与软件： 1.ScienceSlides： ScienceSlides是一种PPT插件，可方便的画出各种细胞器化学结构，用来论文画图确实很好用。特别是用这个和AI（illustrator）结合，画的图可以媲美老外的CNS哦。 2.科研医学美图PPT模板 3.200+套绝美PPT模板 二、代谢与信号分析软件： 1.CellNetAnalyzer： CellNetAnalyzer，是一种细胞网络分析工具，前身是FluxAnalyzer，是基于MatLab的代谢网络和信号传导网络分析模块，。这是一个典型的代谢流分析工具，可以进行代谢流的计算、预测、目标函数的优化，端途径分析、元素模式分析，以及代谢流之间的对比等。可以基本满足研究一个中型代谢网络的结构尤其是计算流分配的要求，大部分论文中的代谢网络分析都是或明或暗的用这个分析的。
2. 信号通路图汇总 3. 药理学思维导图 三、二维、三维构图软件： 1.DeepViewer _4.10_PC DeepViewer ，曾经也叫做Swiss-PdbViewer，是一个可以同时分析几个蛋白的应用程序。为了结构比对并且比较活性位点或者任何别的相关部分，蛋白质被分成几个层次。氨基酸突变，氢键，原子间的角和距离在直观的图示和菜单界面上很容易获得。 2.pymol-0_99rc6-bin-win32 PyMOL是一个开放源码，由使用者赞助的分子三维结构显示软件。PyMOL适用于创作高品质的小分子或是生物大分子（特别是蛋白质）的三维结构图像。PyMOL的源代码目前仍可以免费下载，供使用者编译。对于Linux、Unix以及Mac OS X等操作系统，非付费用户可以通过自行编译源代码来获得PyMOL执行程式；而对于Windows的使用者，如果不安装第三方软件，则无法编译源代码。 四、分子生物学软件
听学术报告时,你总会被同行的精美PPT所惊诧,于是就搜索了一些关于科研PPT制作的技巧。同时，最近在写论文时也总结了一些论文图片的技巧。 1.模式图的绘画。信号通路图和组织细胞图是我们在PPT的背景和结论部分常用的，综述中的精美图片也属此类。有两个工具可以帮我们画出这类模式图。一种叫做Scienceslides，是PPT的插件，是一个素材库，包括各种分子、蛋白、信号通路和组织细胞的素材，都是由专业画家画的，精美绝伦。另一种是一个独立的软件叫做ChemBioOffice,可以画化学和生物的图,也有大量素材,但不如Scienceslides的丰富和精致. 2.数据的展示。当我们得到一些数据时，数据的展示通常可以有多种方法。比如箭头和指针的使用，再比如柱状图和散点图的使用，还比如组学数据的展示。NatureMethods杂志专门开了一个专栏讨论如何有效的展示数据。专栏的名字叫Points of view，从2011年8月至今，每月一个主题（见下表）。
POINTS OF VIEW — BIBLIOGRAPHY 1Krzywinski M2013Elements of visual style Nat Meth10:371. 2Krzywinski M2013Labels and callouts Nat Methods10:275. 3Krzywinski M2013Axes, ticks and grids Nat Methods10:183. 4Wong B2012Visualizing biological data Nat Methods9:1131. 5Wong B, Kjaegaard RS2012Pencil and paper Nat Methods9:1037. 6Gehlenborg N, Wong B2012Power of the plane Nat Methods9:935. 7Gehlenborg N, Wong B2012Into the third dimension Nat Methods9:851. 8Gehlenborg N, Wong B2012Mapping quantitative data to color Nat Methods9:769. 9Nielsen C, Wong B2012Representing genomic structural variation Nat Methods9:631. 10Nielsen C, Wong B2012Managing deep data in genome browsers Nat Methods9:521. 11Nielsen C, Wong B2012Representing the genome Nat Methods9:423. 12Gehlenborg N, Wong B2012Integrating data Nat Methods9:315. 13Gehlenborg N, Wong B2012Heat maps Nat Methods9:213. 14Gehlenborg N, Wong B2012Networks Nat Methods9:115. 15Shoresh N, Wong B2012Data exploration Nat Methods9:5. 16Wong B2011The design process Nat Methods8:987. 17Wong B2011Salience to relevance Nat Methods8:889.