Unit 1
Listening 1 A Lecture
OK, everyone, what I want to do today is continue our discussion about cities and the challenges they face, and, I?d like to focus on the city of Venice, in Italy, which is an extraordinary example. So, to begin with, let?s review a few of the points we?ve discussed so far. Remember that, for centuries, the city has been struggling with the problem of flooding. As you know, the regular floodwaters—called the acqua alta—are a big problem in the city. You may also recall that the government has started the innovative MOSE project to build water barriers and stop flooding from the ocean.
Now, flooding is an important issue, but many Venetians say that the city has more serious problems than the acqua alta or the MOSE project. And most of these problems have to do with tourism.
Of course, tourism has both the positive and negative side—tourism is extremely profitable. But the problem in Venice is too many tourists.
For example, in 2007 the number of Venetian residents was 60,000. And what do you think the number of visitors to Venice was in that year? Twenty-one million! Recently, on a single holiday weekend in May, 80,000 tourists visited the city. Public parking lots filled up and were closed. And tourists walked through the streets eating and drinking and leaving a lot of trash behind.
The result is that Venice?s city services just can?t handle so many people. The city has to pay more and more money for garbage collection to clean up all of the trash. In addition, public transportation on the famous boats and gondolas is so crowded that Venetian residents can barely find room to get on.
Along with trash and crowded transportation, city residents also have to deal with higher prices for food and for housing. Food prices continue to rise around the city. Some cafés charge as much as 13 U.S. dollars for a soft drink! In the Rialto Market—an area with many shops and stores—some of the grocery stores have been replaced by souvenir shops, which means that Venetians have fewer places to buy their groceries. In popular tourist areas, rent has almost tripled, and many small local businesses—for example, toy stores and hardware stores—can?t afford to pay.
Let me add that there is a serious housing problem in Venice. At one time, there were regulations making it illegal to convert residential buildings into hotels. But a law in 1999 removed those regulations, and the housing problem got even worse. Since then, the number of hotels and guesthouses has increased by 600 percent, and the number of houses that are available for local residents has gone down.
These days, housing is only affordable for the very rich or for people who already own houses because they?ve been passed down by family. Young Venetians simply can?t afford to buy any property in the city. This has forced a huge number of V enetian residents to move out of the city. Thirty years ago, the population of Venice was around 120,000. Now it?s less than 60,000.
So, why does Venice continue to encourage tourism when it causes so many problems? Mainly it?s because tourism in Venice generates more than two billion U.S. dollars a year in revenue—and many think that the amount is much higher.
Also, there?s a lot of financial pressure on Venice. The cleaning of canals, restoration of old structures, and the MOSE project are all very expensive. Tourism brings in money to help the city solve these problems.
Another point I want to make is that many people in Venice have jobs related to tourism. As more
tourists come to the city, hotels, restaurants, and museums need to hire more workers. In fact, the city of Venice has a lower unemployment rate than the rest of Italy, and it?s likely a result of the tourism industry.
Some people think that Venice is to blame for its own problems—that these problems are the result of greed fo r tourists? money. There?s a lot of talk about limiting tourists, taxing tourists, and even asking tourists to avoid the busy seasons of Easter and Carnival. However, as you can see, maximizing the number of tourists in Venice is also necessary. So, there seem to be no simple solutions to Venice?s tourism problem.
好，大家，我今天要做的就是继续讨论城市和他们面临的挑战，我想把重点放在意大利的威尼斯市，这是一个非常好的例子。所以，首先回顾一下我们迄今为止讨论过的几点。请记住，几个世纪以来，这座城市一直在为洪水问题而苦苦挣扎。正如你所知道的那样，定期的洪水称为“获得”- 在这个城市是个大问题。你也许还记得，政府已经启动了创新的MOSE项目来建造水屏障，并阻止海洋的洪水。
现在，洪水是一个重要的问题，但是很多威尼斯人认为，这个城市比俄罗斯联邦和莫斯科项目有更严重的问题。而这些问题大部分都与旅游有关。
当然，旅游既有正面的也有负面的，副旅游是非常有利可图的。但在威尼斯的问题是太多的游客。
例如，2007年威尼斯居民的人数是6万人。你认为那年威尼斯的游客人数是多少？二千一百万！最近在五月的一个假期周末，有8万游客参观了这座城市。公共停车场已满，关闭。游客在街上走着吃喝，留下了很多垃圾。
结果是威尼斯的城市服务不能处理这么多人。这个城市不得不支付越来越多的垃圾回收资金来清理所有的垃圾。此外，着名的小船和吊船上的公共交通如此拥挤，威尼斯人居民几乎找不到空间。
随着垃圾和交通挤塞，城市居民也不得不面对更高的食物和住房价格。全市食品价格继续上涨。一些咖啡馆收取高达13美元的软饮料！在里亚托市场这个拥有许多商店和商店的地区，一些杂货店已经被纪念品商店所取代，这意味着威尼斯人没有购买杂货的地方。在受欢迎的旅游地区，租金几乎增加了两倍，许多小型的当地企业（如玩具店和五金店）也无力支付。让我补充一点，威尼斯有一个严重的住房问题。有一段时间，有规定将住宅改建为宾馆是非法的。但1999年的法律删除了这些规定，住房问题变得更糟。从那以后，宾馆和宾馆的数量增加了600％，可供当地居民居住的房屋数量下降了。
这些日子里，住房只有为富人或者已经拥有住房的人才买得起，因为他们是被家庭遗弃的。年轻的威尼斯人根本买不起这个城市的任何财产。这迫使很多威尼斯人居住在这个城市。三十年前，威尼斯人口约为十二万人。现在还不到6万。
那么，为什么威尼斯在引发这么多问题的时候继续鼓励旅游呢？主要是因为威尼斯的旅游业每年的收入超过20亿美元，而且很多人认为这个数字要高得多。
而且，威尼斯有很大的经济压力。运河清理，旧建筑修复和MOSE项目都非常昂贵。旅游业带来资金帮助城市解决这些问题。
我想说的另一点是，威尼斯的许多人都有旅游相关的工作。随着更多的游客来到这个城市，酒店，餐馆和博物馆需要雇用更多的工人。事实上，威尼斯市的失业率比意大利其他地区要低，这可能是旅游业的结果。
有人认为威尼斯是自己的问题，这些问题是贪婪游客钱的结果。关于限制游客，征税游客，甚至要求游客避开复活节和嘉年华的繁忙季节，人们谈论很多。但是，正如你所看到的，最大化威尼斯游客的数量也是必要的。所以，威尼斯的旅游问题似乎没有简单的解决办法。
Listening 2 A Conversation between Classmates
M: Hi, Linda. I?ve been looking for you. I wanted to return your notes from the lecture on Singapore. Thanks for letting me borrow them.
F: No problem. Sorry that you missed class. Are you feeling better?
M: Yes, a lot better, thanks. Do you have time to answer a few questions for me? There were a few things in your notes that I didn?t understand.
F: Sure.
M: OK. So first, you wrote here “Singapura—lion”. What did you mean by that?
F: Oh, that?s an easy one. Singapura is the original name for Singapore. It means “lion city”. And the symbol of the country is the Merlion—it?s a unique creature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish. The head of the lion relates to the name Singapura. And the body of the fish is because Singapore started off as a fishing village.
M: Interesting. Do you remember when modern Singapore was founded? I couldn?t really read your handwriting here.
F: Um, I think it was 18 something ... maybe 1819? So, you know, it?s still a young country.
M: OK. I don?t really understand the section of your notes about Singapore?s challenges. Could you explain that a bit more?
F: Sure. For one thing, Singapore doesn?t really have much land, oil, wood, or other natural resources. Oh, and another thing ... um, there?s also a m ix of people from different ethnic groups and with different religions and languages. They?re all trying to conform to the laws and live together in a small space.
M: I didn?t know that.
F: It?s also a really small country—about 270 square miles, which is the size of the state of Hawaii.
M: Uh-huh.
F: And it?s 100 percent urbanized—all the people live in built-up areas. You probably read in my notes that Singapore has a very powerful economy for such a small country.
M: Yes, I remember that part. Your notes said that Singapore was ranked second in the world for having an innovative economy. So, its economy is compatible with the economy of many larger countries.
F: It definitely is. And a lot of people think that Singapore couldn?t have achieved that kind of success without Lee Kuan Yew.
M: He was the first prime minister, right?
F: Right. He was prime minister for, uh, 30 years, or something. And he stayed active in politics until he retired. It was recently, maybe 2011? So, his ideas dominated Singapore politics for over 50 years.
M: You know, the Singaporeans I?ve met all work very hard. They seem to want to be number one in everything.
F: I think you?re right. It?s probably got to do with the spirit of kiasu.
M: Kiasu?
F: Yes, it means “afraid to lose”. It?s an idea that some people have internalized, and it makes them work hard to be the best. For example, Singapore has one of the world?s busiest shipping ports, and it has one of the world?s best health care systems.
M: That?s impressive. What about the l aws in Singapore? What did you write about chewing gum?
F: Well, you can?t sell chewing gum in Singapore. It?s illegal, and the police enforce that law. Spitting on the street can also get you a huge fine. And then there?s a fine for forgetting to flush the toilet in a public place.
M: I think that the laws seem way too strict, don?t you?
F: Actually, no. I don?t think so. Those laws make Singapore one of the cleanest and safest places to live in the world. In my opinion, I?d rather have strict laws and saf e streets than lenient laws and more crime.
M: Hmmm. I?m not so sure about that. I think it?s a debatable point. But I agree that Singapore is an interesting place.
F: Definitely.
M: OK, I think you?ve answered all my questions.
F: Good.
M: Thanks again for your notes. See you next class.
F: Yes, see you then.
男：嗨，琳达。我一直在找你。我想从新加坡的演讲回来你的笔记。谢谢你让我借。
F：没问题。对不起，你错过了上课。你感觉好些了吗？
M：好的，谢谢。你有时间为我回答几个问题吗？你的笔记里有一些我不明白的东西。F：好的。
男：好的。所以首先，你在这里写了“新加坡狮子”。你是什么意思？
F：哦，这很简单。新加坡是新加坡的原名。意思是“狮城”。这个国家的象征是鱼尾狮- 它是一头独一无二的狮子头和鱼身。狮子的头与新加坡的名字有关。而鱼的身体是因为新加坡是作为一个渔村而开始的。
M：有趣。你还记得现代新加坡何时成立？我在这里无法真正阅读你的笔迹。
F：呃，我认为是18点，也许是1819点？所以，你知道，这还是一个年轻的国家。
男：好的。我不太了解你们有关新加坡挑战的部分。你能解释一下吗？
F：好的。一方面，新加坡的土地，石油，木材和其他自然资源并不多。哦，还有另一件事呢，那里也有来自不同民族，不同宗教和语言的人。他们都试图遵守法律，在狭小的空间里共同生活。
M：我不知道。
F：这也是一个非常小的国家，约270平方英里，这是夏威夷州的规模。
男：嗯。
F：百分之百城市化- 所有的人都住在建筑区。你可能在我的笔记中读到，新加坡对于这样一个小国来说经济非常强大。
M：是的，我记得那一部分。你的笔记说新加坡因创新型经济而位居世界第二位。所以它的经济和许多大国的经济是一致的。
F：肯定是的。许多人认为没有李光耀，新加坡就不可能取得这样的成就。
M：他是第一任总理，对吗？
F：对。他是30年的总理，还是什么的。他一直活跃在政坛，直到退休。最近，也许是2011年？所以，他的观点在新加坡政治上统治了五十多年。
M：你知道，我遇到的新加坡人都很努力。他们似乎想要成为所有的第一。
F：我认为你是对的。这可能与kiasu的精神有关。
M：Kiasu？
F：是的，这意味着“害怕失去”。这是一些人内化的想法，使他们努力成为最好的。例如，新加坡是世界上最繁忙的航运港口之一，也是世界上最好的医疗保健系统之一。
M：真令人印象深刻。新加坡的法律呢？你是怎么写口香糖的？
F：那么你不能在新加坡卖口香糖。这是非法的，警方执行该法律。在街上随地吐痰也会给你带来巨大的罚款。然后忘记在公共场所冲洗厕所是可以的。
M：我认为法律看起来太严格了，不是吗？
F：其实没有。我不这么认为。这些法律使新加坡成为世界上最干净，最安全的地方之一。在我看来，宁愿有严格的法律和安全的街道，而不是宽松的法律和更多的罪行。
M：嗯。我不太确定。我认为这是一个有争议的问题。但我同意新加坡是一个有趣的地方。F：肯定。
M：好的，我想你已经回答了我所有的问题。
F：好。
M：再次感谢你的笔记。见下一堂课。
F：是的，那就见。
Viewing the World
Narrator: The Tuareg people have a proud tradition as nomads. But a long drought forced some to settle along the lake and try farming. Here, on the edge of Lake Gossi in Mali, they?ve made the Sahel bloom, and in turn attracted a group of giants. In the dry season, Omar Sowadou has come to expect these visitors.
Omar Sowadou (Farmer): We are living here in this area, just beside the water. Of course, we use the water for our garden, and for our animals. But elephants, they come to drink water, of course, and they want to cool down their body, so all of us, we share the same Water.
Narrator: During the day, an uneasy peace settles over the lake. People fill their goatskins. The elephants drink. But when night falls, the truce will be broken.
Omar Sowadou: After drinking they come straight away to the garden because they smell food—trees and crops. So we have to protect our garden.
Narrator: It takes more than brush fences to keep out three tons of hungry elephant.
Omar Sowadou: If an elephant spends just half an hour in a garden, he will eat at least 30 percent of it, and this is the big danger for farmers.
Narrator: To lose a third of their crop is a catastrophe for any farmer, especially here. And this is not your average garden pest. As the sun sets the battle line are drawn.
Omar Sowadou: The farmer digs holes to keep the elephant away from the farm, to not damage the farm, but it is not enough. They come all the time, spoil a lot of things, and you cannot even get to sleep during the night. It becomes like a nightmare.
Narrator: Tonight, the nightmare appears—and the farmers are ready. At first light, Omar finds he?s had a near disaster.
Omar Sowadou: I discovered that there were two elephants in the garden. I followed their footprints to the next garden. I found out that they damaged a lot of crops and trees. I do remember since I was a kid we are doing the same things every year, and for sure I will do it in the future, every year, and this is the daily fight among us and elephant. Every time we are facing the same problem with elephant, every year.
Narrator: Throughout Africa, elephants and people do battle. For now, the elephants have headed south to search for fresh food. But in six months, they?ll be back, and once again Omar Sowadou will not sleep.
旁白：图阿雷格人作为游牧民族有着骄傲的传统。但是长时间的干旱迫使一些人在湖边定居，尝试耕作。在这里，在马里的戈西湖边，他们使萨赫尔盛开，反过来又吸引了一批巨人。在
旱季，奥马尔·索瓦杜期待这些游客。
Omar Sowadou（农民）：我们住在这个地方，就在水边。当然，我们使用水为我们的花园，为我们的动物。但是，大象，当然他们来喝水，他们要冷静自己的身体，所以我们所有人，我们共享相同的水。
旁白：白天，一个不安的和平定居在湖面上。人们填满他们的山羊皮。大象喝。但是，当夜幕降临，休战将被打破。
Omar Sowadou：喝完后，他们直接到花园去，因为他们闻到食物和作物。所以我们必须保护我们的花园。
旁白：除了刷篱笆外，还有三吨饥饿的大象。
Omar Sowadou：如果一只大象在花园里呆了半个小时，他至少会吃掉30％，这对农民来说是一个很大的危险。
旁白：失去三分之一的农作物对任何农民来说都是一场灾难，尤其是在这里。这不是你的平均园林害虫。当太阳落下时，战线被画出来。
Omar Sowadou：农民挖洞让大象远离农场，不要破坏农场，但这是不够的。他们一直来，糟a了很多东西，甚至连夜间都不能入睡。它变得像一场噩梦。
旁白：今天晚上，噩梦出现了，农民们准备好了。乍一看，奥马尔发现他有一场灾难。Omar Sowadou：我发现花园里有两只大象。我跟着他们的脚印到了下一个花园。我发现他们破坏了很多庄稼和树木。我记得自从我小时候起，我们每年都在做同样的事情，而且我确信我将来每年都会这样做，这就是我们和大象之间的日常斗争。每一次，我们每年都面临与大象同样的问题。
旁白：整个非洲，大象和人民都在战斗。现在，大象已经向南寻找新鲜食物。但六个月后，他们会回来的，奥马尔·索瓦杜不会再睡了。
Unit2
Listening 1
Tour Guide: OK, everyone, here?s our next exh ibit. Do you see the body of the little bird in that bottle? That is a dusky seaside sparrow. It was an old male that died on June 16, 1987. It?s kind of sad because he was the very last dusky seaside sparrow in the world. They?re now extinct. Yes, you have a question?
Male: Do you know why they became extinct?
Tour Guide: Basically, they lost their habitat. See, the dusky seaside sparrow lived only in one place—on Merritt Island in Florida. The island had a lot of mosquitoes and wetlands. The people on Merritt Island used chemicals to kill the mosquitoes.
Tour Guide: Those chemicals were also very harmful to the sparrows, and many died. In addition, the people on Merritt Island tried to control and exploit the wetlands. As they altered them, the wetlands were no longer a good habitat for the sparrows. The birds died one by one until there weren?t any left.
Female: So, if people were to blame, can?t we make sure something like that never happens again? Tour Guide: We?re trying. The situation with the dusky s easide sparrow makes one thing very clear. We need to protect endangered animals. However, it?s a better strategy to protect the animals andtheir habitats, too. After all, if an animal?s habitat is destroyed, the animal will likely become extinct.
Tour Gu ide: We?re trying. The situation with the dusky seaside sparrow makes one thing very
clear. We need to protect endangered animals. However, it?s a better strategy to protect the animals andtheir habitats, too. After all, if an animal?s habitat is destroye d, the animal will likely become extinct. That?s why the Endangered Species Act, which was passed in the United States in 1973, protects both endangered animals and their habitats. For example, the steelhead trout lives in rivers and streams on the west coast of the United States—the Columbia River in Washington state for instance. Recently, both the fish and the river came under the protection of the Endangered Species Act.
Male: But how can we protect large areas such as rivers and forests? No one—not even the government—can afford to buy or control all the land that endangered species live on.
Tour Guide: Good point. In fact, that?s what makes the Endangered Species Act difficult to fully enforce. There?s an ongoing conflict between some landowners and th e government. Take the case of the gray wolf, for instance. At one time, the wolves were common all over North America, but by the 1930s they were nearly all killed. Then in 1973, the wolves came under the protection of the Endangered Species Act, along with huge areas of land—in Wyoming and Idaho, for example. This angered ranchers. They think they should have the right to shoot wolves that threaten their sheep and cows.
Tour Guide: So, landowners may understand the need for the protection of endangered species, but it?s understandable that they might also feel that the Endangered Species Act violates their rights. Yes?
Female: Is the law working? I mean, what is the status of endangered species today in the United States?
Tour Guide: Unfortunately, the situation of threatened and endangered animals is worse now than in 1973, even with the Endangered Species Act in place. Reports on topics such as habitat loss, deforestation, and overfishing show that the situation for many species is far worse now than it was in 1973. Let me be more specific. Right now over 1,300 species in the United States are listed as endangered or threatened.
Tour Guide: And, it?s important to keep in mind that not many species are ever taken off the list. Since 1973, in fact, only around 39 species have been removed from the Endangered Species list. But that number doesn?t indicate the complete story. What?s significant about that number is that only 14 species were removed because they had actually recovered. Nine species became extinct, and the others were removed from the list after scientists found evidence that listing the species had been a mistake in the first place. Meanwhile, another 300 species may soon be added to the list, including a plant, the Las Vegas buckwheat, and an insect, the Miami blue butterfly. So, you see, even with the Endangered Species Act in place, we?re not making as much progress as we would like. Any more questions? OK, let?s move on to the next exhibit. This way, please.
导游：好，大家好，这里是我们的下一个展览。你能看到酒瓶小鸟的身体？这是一个灰蒙蒙的海边麻雀。这是一个古老的男性，6月16日，1987年它的有点伤感死了，因为他是世界上最后昏暗的海滨雀。他们现在已经灭绝。是的，你有问题吗？
男：你知道他们为什么灭绝了？
导游：基本上，他们失去了它们的栖息地。你看，昏暗的海滨雀在佛罗里达州只住在一个地方，在梅里特岛。岛上有很多蚊子和湿地。在梅里特岛的人使用的化学品杀死蚊子。
导游：这些化学品也非常有害于麻雀，许多死亡。此外，人们对梅里特岛试图控制和利用湿地。当他们改变他们，湿地不再为麻雀一个良好的栖息。鸟儿死亡逐个，直到有没有留下。女：所以，如果人们不争气，我们不能确保这样的事情不会再发生？
导游：我们正在努力。在昏暗的海滨雀的状况使得一件事很清楚。我们需要保护濒临灭绝的动物。然而，这是保护动物一个更好的战略，
它们的栖息地，也是。毕竟，如果一个动物的栖息地被破坏，动物可能会灭绝。
导游：我们正在努力。在昏暗的海滨雀的状况使得一件事很清楚。我们需要保护濒临灭绝的动物。然而，这是保护动物一个更好的战略，
它们的栖息地，也是。毕竟，如果一个动物的栖息地被破坏，动物可能会灭绝。这就是为什么濒危物种法案，这是美国于1973年通过，同时保护濒危动物和它们的栖息地。例如，虹鳟住在河流和对美国- 哥伦比亚河在华盛顿州，例如西海岸流。近日，无论是鱼和河牌濒危物种法案的保护之下。
男：但是，我们如何才能保护广大地区，如河流和森林？没有一个甚至没有政府能买得起或控制所有濒危物种居住的土地。
导游：好点。事实上，这是什么使得濒危物种法案难以完全执行。这里也有一些地主和政府之间的冲突不断。以灰太狼的情况下，例如。有一段时间，狼是共同遍及北美，但20世纪30年代，他们几乎全部遇难。然后在1973年，狼濒危物种法案的保护下传来，随着土地在怀俄明州和爱达荷州巨大的区域，例如沿。这激怒了牧场主。他们认为他们应该有拍摄威胁他们的牛羊狼的权利。
导游：那么，地主可以理解为濒危物种的保护需求，但它是可以理解的，他们可能也觉得这个濒危物种法案侵犯了他们的权利。是？
女：是法律工作？我的意思是，什么是濒危物种今天的地位在美国？
导游：不幸的是，受威胁和濒危动物的情况更糟糕，现在比在1973年，即使在地方濒危物种法案。等课题的栖息地丧失，砍伐森林，过度捕捞和报告表明，许多物种的情况现在比1973年让我更具体的差远了。现在，超过1300种在美国被列为濒危或受威胁。
导游：而且，它要记住，并不是很多物种都曾经采取过的名单是很重要的。自1973年以来，实际上只有约39种已被从濒危物种名单中删除。但是，这个数字并不表示完整的故事。什么是关于这个数字显著的是，只有14种被删除，因为他们实际上已经恢复。九物种绝种了，和其他人从名单中剔除科学家发现的证据表明，上市品种已经摆在首位后出现失误。同时，另一个300种可能很快被添加到列表中，包括植物，拉斯维加斯荞麦和昆虫，迈阿密蓝蝶。所以，你看，即使有濒危物种法案的地方，我们没有做，因为我们想尽可能多的进展。更多的问题吗？好吧，让我们进入到下一个展览。这边请。
Listening 2
Professor: OK, settle down, everyone. As you know, today we?re going to hear our first student debate. Today?s topic is on the pros and cons of legalized hunting. First, Yumi will present arguments in support of hunting. Raoul will respond to her points and present his arguments against hunting. Speakers, are you ready?
Raoul: Yes.
Yumi: Ready.
Professor: Yumi, please begin.
Yumi: Thank you. Well, the main argument I want to make today is that hunting contributes to wildlife conservation in a few important ways.
Yumi: First, uh, contrary to what you might think, hunting actually helps many species survive by controlling their populations. So, for example, without hunting, deer populations would be too large, and many animals would starve because there wouldn?t be enough food to sustain them. Raoul: That?s a good argument, but I think you?re ignoring an important point. Another reason deer populations could grow too large is because we have killed off wolves and mountain lions,
um, and other animals that used to hunt deer. So, instead of allowing humans to hunt, we should allow populations of meat-eating animals to recover.
Yumi: OK, but don?t forget that wolves and mountain lions don?t just eat deer and elk. They also eat sheep and cows, and that?s, that?s a problem for ranchers. So, this is not a simple issue.
Yumi: Anyway, let me continue with my next point. The second way that hunting supports wildlife conservation is through the sale of stamps. Many hunters have to buy stamps before they can legally hunt birds—for instance, ducks and geese. Oh, and when I say stamps, I don?t mean the type of stamps you use to mail a letter. The stamps I?m talking about are a kind of license to hunt. In the United States, the government?s Duck Stamp program raises more than 25 million dollars annually. And a lot of that money is used for protecting and maintaining bird habitats. Since 1934—that?s when the first stamps were sold—these funds have been used to buy 2.1 million hectares of land for wildlife conservation. So, as you can see, hunters actually help wildlife conservation efforts.
Professor: Thank you, Yumi. Now let?s hear from Raoul, who will present the other side of the issue.
Raoul: Thank you. Before I get starte d, I want to respond to Y umi?s point about money that?s raised through the Duck Stamp program. It seems to me that if hunters need a license to kill ducks and other wildlife, we could also make tourists pay when they visit and observe animals in their natu ral habitats. In fact, I think that?s what the national parks do. I visited Yosemite National Park last May, and it cost me $20 per car to get in. We could raise those fees if necessary. OK, so to get back on topic, my main argument against hunting is that it?s cruel. Many animals that are shot don?t die immediately. It must be really painful and, um, that?s why hunting should be outlawed. Yumi: I have to respond to that. Do you eat steak? What about the suffering of cows when they are killed for meat? Do you care about that? Mosthunters are careful to cause as little suffering as possible.
Raoul: Maybe most hunters do, but not all. Some hunters leave wounded animals to die slowly and painfully as the hunters pose for photographs. And some, some kill large numbers of animals that they have no intention of eating. In addition, there is a lot of irresponsible hunting that goes on. In rural Virginia—where I?m from—some of my neighbors drive the roads at night, using illegal lights to find and shoot deer. They al so shoot deer out of season, and that?s illegal. And in Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, authorities recently caught a group of hunters who were shooting black bears and selling their body parts for medicines.
Yumi: You?re right that these kinds of violations occur. However, they are rare. That?s why you read about them in the newspapers when they happen. Instead of focusing on the small number of irresponsible hunters, we need to think about the 98 percent of hunters who follow the law and kill only what they can eat. Hunters make it possible for the rest of us to enjoy seeing wild animals in their natural habitat.
Professor: I?m afraid that?s all the time we have. Thanks to both Yumi and Raoul for contributing their arguments to our debate. Now, let?s take a vote. Which side of the issue do you find more convincing? After listening to our speakers, are you in favor of hunting or against it?
教授：好，安顿下来，大家好。如你所知，今天我们将听到我们的第一个学生辩论。今天的话题是合法狩猎的利弊。首先，由美将支持狩猎提出的论点。拉乌尔将她的问题作出回应，反对猎杀提出他的论点。音箱，你准备好了吗？
拉乌尔：是的。
由美：准备。
教授：由美，请开始。
由美：谢谢。好吧，我今天要说的主要论点是，狩猎有利于野生动物保护中的几个重要方面。由美：首先，恩，相反，你可能会认为，其实狩猎帮助许多物种通过控制其人口生存。因此，例如，不狩猎，鹿的数量会过大，许多动物会饿死，因为不会有足够的食物来维持他们。拉乌尔：这是一个很好的理由，但我觉得你忽略了重要的一点。另一个原因鹿的数量可能增长过大是因为我们已经杀死了用来狩猎鹿狼和山狮，嗯，和其他动物。所以，与其让人类打猎，我们应该允许肉食动物种群恢复。
由美：OK，但不要忘了，狼和山狮不只是吃鹿和麋鹿。它们也吃牛羊，那是，那是牧场主的一个问题。因此，这不是一个简单的问题。
由美：反正让我继续我的下一个点。该狩猎支持野生动物保护的第二种方法是通过销售邮票。很多猎人都买邮票，他们可以合法猎杀birds-例如，鸭和鹅了。哦，当我说邮票，我不是说你用寄信邮票的类型。我说的是这套邮票是一种许可证打猎的。在美国，政府的鸭子邮票计划每年提高超过2500万美元。和很多的钱是用于保护和维持鸟类栖息地。自1934年以来，这时候第一个邮票出售，这些资金已用于购买2100000公顷土地用于野生动物保护。所以，你可以看到，猎人真正帮助野生动物保护工作。
教授：谢谢你，由美。现在让我们从拉乌尔，谁就会出现这个问题的另一面听。
拉乌尔：谢谢。我开始之前，我想对由美的钱点的通过鸭子邮票计划提出回应。在我看来，如果猎人需要一个许可证杀鸭等野生动物，我们也可以做当他们参观，并在其自然栖息地观察动物的游客支付。事实上，我认为这就是国家公园做。我参观优胜美地国家公园去年五月，它的成本我每车$ 20获得。如果需要，我们可以提高这些费用。好了，让回到主题，我对狩猎的主要论点是，它的残酷。被枪杀的许多动物没有立即死亡。它必须是真的很痛苦和，嗯，这就是为什么狩猎应予取缔。
由美：我一定要到该回应。你吃的牛排？当他们被杀害的肉对牛的痛苦是什么？你关心吗？Mosthunters小心造成尽可能少的痛苦越好。
拉乌尔：也许最猎人做的，但不是全部。有些猎人留下受伤的动物猎人拍照留念，以缓慢而痛苦死去。而有些，有些杀死大量，他们没有吃的意图动物。此外，有很多不负责任的狩猎的推移。在农村弗吉尼亚在那里我是，我的一些邻居开车道路在夜间使用非法的灯光发现并拍摄的鹿。他们还拍了鹿的季节，这是非法的。而在雪兰多国家公园在弗吉尼亚州，当局最近抓了一批谁是拍摄黑熊出卖自己的身体部位药品猎人。
由美：你说的对，这些种类的违法行为发生。然而，他们是罕见的。这就是为什么你在报纸上读到他们，当他们发生。而不是集中于少数不负责任的猎人，我们需要考虑谁遵循法律和杀死他们可以只吃什么猎人的98％。猎人有可能使我们其他人享有的自然栖息地看到野生动物。
教授：恐怕这就是我们有时间。由于这两个由美和拉乌尔对促进他们的观点对我们的辩论。现在，让我们一起来投票。哪一方的问题，你觉得更有说服力？听我们演讲之后，你赞成狩猎或反对呢？
World
A |
Narrator: It?s a pro blem all over the world. Increased human populations mean smaller habitats for our animal neighbors. Nowhere have human populations exploded as in India—and that has meant trouble for some animals. You might think that the mighty crocodile wouldn?t be affe cted by human population growth—but you would be wrong. Today the crocodile is on the run. Rom Whitaker is a herpetologist. He studies amphibians and reptiles. Rom is determined to save the
mugger crocodile from the growing pressure of India?s human popul ations.
Rom Whitaker (Herpetologist): Crocs live in wetlands. But most of India?s swamps and riversides are now rice fields and farms. So crocs have lost virtually all of their habitat.
Narrator: Rom founded the Madras Crocodile Bank in 1975 to breed and study native crocodiles. It is a reptile zoo—one of the largest in the world. There are thousands of crocs here including the largest captive population of mugger crocodiles in the world.
Rom Whitaker: Another routine day at the crocodile bank size-sorting some of these bullies, getting them into another enclosure. You know, we have 3,000 of these mugger crocodiles here, and nowhere to let them go. People moved into crocodile habitat here in India a long time ago. There?s just nothing left.
B |
Narrator: The mugger once roamed the lowlands in large numbers from Iran to Myanmar. Today only a few thousand are scattered in the wild throughout the Indian subcontinent. Now the last hope for the mugger may lie to the south of India in the country of Sri Lanka. Rom is headed back to Sri Lanka?s Yala National Park after almost 30 years to see if the thriving mugger community he remembers is still there.
Rom Whitaker: Really the only chance the mugger has in the wild is here, in Sri Lanka. If they die out here, they?re probably gone for good. To the casual observer, this may not look much like croc country.
Rom Whitaker: But hidden in this dry forest are many lakes and ponds created by an ancient people to irrigate their crops. The people are long gone, but the pools r emain. That?s how the world?s largest population of wild muggers has been able to survive.
D |
Rom Whitaker: Hey, a baby croc. Yeah, there you go. There you go. Ah, he?s gorgeous. Look at those colors. For years I?ve wanted to come back to Yala to see how the mugger is doing. It?s not a well-studied species, so the only way is to see for myself. Finding healthy young ones is a very good omen. But it?s only a start. I won?t really know how things are until I see how the full-grown mugger is doing.
Narrator: From this part of Yala National Park, the modern world is not even visible.
Rom Whitaker: This is a time of plenty. There?s enough to eat and drink, and the waters are high. The key to everything here is the water—plants, trees, animals. They all depend on it, and life changes dramatically when it dries up.
Narrator: The mugger does not make a habit of dining on humans, but any animal coming close to the water to drink better stay on guard. A certain edginess is understandable when 13 feet of reptile could be hidden just beneath the surface of the water. Using its powerful tail, the mugger can reach startling speeds underwater. But its most deadly skill may be patience.
Rom Whitaker: Nighttime is the best time to census crocodiles. Their eye shine gives them away. They can?t help it. The reflective tapetum in their eye reflects the light back. It?s really bright ... watch. Man, this place is absolutely teeming with crocodiles. I just counted 140 crocodiles probably, give or take 20 or 30. Muggers can be solitary, but there are times of the year when they come together.
Rom Whitaker: One such time is for a ritual that can get quite bloody. Contrary to popular legend—muggers are for the most part pretty laid-back, sociable animals. In fact, they spend much of their time just basking in the sun. But when mating season approaches, they are also
intensely territorial, and any spot with deep water is worth fighting for.
Narrator: The battles are part of a fierce struggle for dominance. The winner gets the prize—his pick of the females. The combat can be very brutal and sometimes fatal. In the final stage of the dominance fight, this big male flaunts his position by raising his head and tail out of the water. One young male issues a challenge. The big male boldly responds, and the younger croc decides to retreat.
Rom Whitaker: It?s amazing to watch this ritual unfold. These crocs could kill each other—and sometimes do—but in this test of strength, the losers usually live to fight another day. Narrator: Finally, the last rival is chased out of the pond.
Rom Whitaker: The battle is over; the big male has the pond to himself now. And the stage is set for what?s really important—courtship.
Narrator: The victor has won the right to mate with the local female of his choice.
Rom Whitaker: The male is all set to mate, but nothing is going to happen until she?s good and ready.
Narrator: It is said that in the natural world, the only real constant is change. But muggers have been acting out this ritual for more than 100 million years—since they shared the world with the Tyrannosaurus Rex. If the muggers can continue to live and produce healthy babies in Yala National Park, they can hopefully survive.
A |
旁白：这是世界各地的一个问题。增加的人群意味着我们的动物邻居较小的栖息地。已经无处人群爆炸，在一些动物印度和已经意味着麻烦。你可能会认为不可一世的鳄鱼不会因人口受到影响生长，但你就错了。今天，鳄鱼逃窜。罗惠特克是一个爬虫学家。他研究两栖类和爬行动物。罗决心来自印度的人群的压力越来越大拯救沼泽鳄。
罗惠特克（爬虫学家）：鳄鱼生活在湿地。但是，大多数印度的沼泽和河边的现在稻田和农场。所以，鳄鱼已经失去了几乎所有它们的栖息地。
旁白：罗创立的马德拉斯鳄鱼银行在1975年繁殖和研究当地的鳄鱼。这是一个爬行动物园一体的世界上最大的。有成千上万这里的鳄鱼，包括世界沼泽鳄的最大的圈养种群。
罗惠特克：在鳄鱼银行规模排序一些恶霸，让他们到另一个外壳另一个平淡的一天。你知道，我们这些沼泽鳄3000这里了，无处可放他们走。人们在印度很久以前搬进鳄鱼栖息在这里。这里还有所剩无几。
C |
旁白：劫匪一度横跨大量低地从伊朗到缅甸。如今只有几千分散在整个印度次大陆野外。现在的抢劫犯最后的希望可能在于印度在斯里兰卡的国南部。ROM是经过近30年的头球回斯里兰卡亚拉国家公园，看是否繁荣的抢劫犯社区，他记得还是有的。
罗惠特克：真的抢劫犯在野外的唯一机会就在这里，在斯里兰卡。如果他们死在这里了，他们很可能一去不复返了。为了不经意的观察，这可能看起来很像鳄鱼的国家。
罗惠特克：但是隐藏在这个干燥的森林是许多湖泊和由古代人创建的灌溉庄稼的池塘。人们早已不复存在，但仍池。这是世界上最大的野生歹徒的人口是如何能够生存下来。
开发|
罗惠特克：嘿，一个婴儿鳄鱼。是啊，你去那里。你去那里。啊，他的华丽。看看这些颜色。多年来，我一直想回来亚拉看到抢劫犯是如何做的。这不是一个很好研究的物种，所以唯一的办法就是看自己。寻找健康年轻的是一个很好的兆头。但是，这仅仅是一个开始。我真的不知道怎么回事儿，直到我看到了完全成熟的抢劫犯是如何做的。
旁白：从雅拉国家公园的一部分，现代世界甚至不可见的。
罗惠特克：这是充足的时间。有足够的食物和喝，水是很高的。一切这里的关键是水，植物，树木，动物。他们都依赖于它，当它干涸生活发生了巨大的变化。
旁白：抢劫犯不作对人类用餐的习惯，但已经接近于水的任何动物，以防范喝更好的服务。一定急躁是可以理解的，当爬行13英尺，可以隐藏只是水的表面之下。利用其强大的尾巴，抢劫犯可以达到水下惊人的速度。但其最致命的技能可能是耐心。
罗惠特克：夜间是普查鳄鱼的最佳时机。他们的眼睛放光给他们了。他们不能帮助它。在他们的眼睛的反射绒毡层反射光回来。这真是亮...观看。男人，这个地方是绝对与鳄鱼拥挤。我只是数140鳄鱼可能，给予或采取20或30拦路抢劫者可能是孤独的，但也有一年的时间，当他们走到了一起。
罗惠特克：一个这样的时间是一个仪式，可以得到相当血腥。与流行的legend-歹徒是大部分相当悠闲，善于交际的动物。事实上，他们花了很多的时间只是晒着太阳。但交配季节临近时，他们也强烈领土，并与深水任何地方是值得为之奋斗的。
讲述者：战斗是主导权的激烈斗争的一部分。获胜者可以得到女性的奖项，他挑。战斗是非常残酷的，有时甚至是致命的。在统治斗争的最后阶段，这个大男人通过提高他的头部和尾部露出水面炫耀自己的地位。一位年轻的男性发出挑战。大男大胆回应，年轻的鳄鱼决定撤退。
罗惠特克：这是惊人的观看这个仪式展开。这些鳄鱼可以杀死对方，有时尽，但在实力本次测试，失败者平时住再战。
旁白：最后，最后一个对手是赶出池塘。
罗惠特克：战斗已经结束;大的男性现在有池塘自己。和舞台设置为真正重要的东西- 求爱。旁白：胜利者赢得了与他所选择的本地女性交配的权利。
罗惠特克：男性是所有设置交配，但没有什么事情发生，直到她准备好了。
旁白：有人说，在自然界中，唯一不变的就是变化。但劫匪已经出于这个仪式超过亿年，因为它们与霸王龙共享世界。如果歹徒能继续生活，并产生雅拉国家公园健康的婴儿，他们可以有希望生存下去。
Furthur
Listening 1
A: Of the 70 species of whales and dolphins, nearly all have been affected by human activities. B: Does that mean that all whales are endangered?
A: Not all, but many. Most species of baleen whales, such as blue and humpback whales, have been significantly reduced. Their status today is the result of commercial whaling in the 19th and 20th centuries, when whales were exploited for meat and oil. Of the 11 baleen species, nine are currently endangered. We have evidence that many toothed whales are also in danger of dying. Threats to whales include hunting, habitat destruction, and pollution.
B: What kinds of conservation efforts are taking place?
A: Many ongoing conservation strategies are helping whale populations. For example, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) ordered a stop to commercial whaling. Unfortunately, a number of countries have chosen to violate the rule and continue to kill whales.
B: Can whale populations recover?
A: Although it may be too late for some species, there are some indications that conservation efforts are working. For example, the California gray whale, which was near extinction, has made an amazing recovery. Gray whales were removed from the Endangered Species List.
B: How can I help save the whales?
A: You can help by learning about whales and their habitats. Donate your time to conservation
organizations, and alter your behavior so that you create as little waste as possible. If we all participate in these efforts, we can help protect these magnificent animals.
答：70种鲸鱼和海豚的，几乎所有已受人类活动。
A：这是否意味着所有的鲸鱼濒临灭绝？
答：不是所有的，但许多。须鲸，如蓝色和座头鲸的种类最多，已显著减少。他们今天的地位是在19世纪和20世纪，当鲸鱼被利用的肉和油商业捕鲸的结果。11种鲸须的，九，目前濒临灭绝。我们有证据表明，许多齿鲸也在死亡的危险。威胁到鲸鱼包括猎杀，栖息地的破坏和污染。
乙：什么样的保护力度正在发生？
答：很多正在进行的保护策略正在帮助鲸鱼种群。例如，国际捕鲸委员会（IWC）责令停止商业捕鲸。不幸的是，许多国家都选择了违反规定，继续捕杀鲸鱼。
A：可以鲸鱼种群恢复？
答：虽然它可能是一些物种来不及，有一些迹象表明，养护工作都在工作。例如，加州灰鲸，这是濒临灭绝，取得了一个惊人的复苏。灰鲸从濒危物种名单中删除。
B：我怎样才能帮助拯救鲸鱼？
答：你可以通过学习鲸和它们的栖息地提供帮助。捐赠您的时间来保护组织，并让您创建尽可能少的废物尽可能地改变你的行为。如果大家都参与这些努力，我们能够帮助保护这些美丽的动物。
Listening 2
Q: What does a fish biologist do?
A: Well, lots of things. I teach at a university and research ways to maintain fish populations. I spend a lot of time trying to raise funds for research and contacting authorities to get permission for the research I want to do. And I get to travel around the world and educate people about sustainable fishing.
Q: What?s the focus of your research?
A: My interest is to protect large freshwater fish and their habitats. Forty percent of the freshwater fish in Nor th America are in danger of extinction. That?s 700 endangered species. And that?s just in North America! Each year, when I join other biologists for our annual meeting, someone reports on the extinction of another species. That?s hard to hear.
Q: Don?t you get discouraged?
A: On the contrary, it just makes me want to work harder. I?ve always loved water, and I?ve always loved fish. I?m inspired to do what I can to help them survive.
Q: If you could tell people to do one thing to help save freshwater fish, what would it be?
A: Get involved! Contribute as much time as you can. V olunteer to help clean up a river, or write letters to politicians to make them aware of the issues. Above all, don?t ignore the problem because things are not going to get better without our help.
问：这是什么鱼生物学家呢？
答：嗯，很多东西。我教在大学和研究方法，以保持鱼类种群。我花了很多时间努力提高研究和联络部门得到许可让我想要做的研究经费。我去周游世界，并教育人们了解可持续捕捞。问：什么是你的研究的重点是什么？
答：我的兴趣是保护大型淡水鱼类和它们的栖息地。在北美淡水鱼的百分之四十都面临灭绝的危险。这是700濒危物种。而这仅仅是在北美！每一年，当我同其他生物学家对我们的年会上，有人对另一物种的灭绝报道。这是很难听到。
问：你不气馁？
答：恰恰相反，它只是让我想要更加努力地工作。我一直喜欢水，我一直喜欢的鱼。我启发，尽我所能帮助他们生存。
问：如果你能告诉人们做一件事情，以帮助拯救淡水鱼，那会是什么？
答：欢迎加入！贡献尽可能多的时间，你可以。志愿者帮助清理河流，或写信给政治人物，使他们意识到这些问题。首先，因为事情都不会得到没有我们的帮助更不要忽视这个问题。Listening 3
Wolves were once common throughout North America, but by the mid-1930s, most had been killed. In 1995 and 1996, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service authorized a plan to capture wolves from Canada and free them in Yellowstone National Park. This program, known as the Yellowstone Wolf Project, cost only $267,000 in government funds. It was a huge success. Today, the Yellowstone wolf population has recovered and can sustain itself.
As the number of wolves has grown, wolves have become the focus of a bitter debate. People cannot ignore the fact that wolves occasionally kill sheep, cattle, and other farm animals. On the other hand, wolves hunt and help control populations of grazing animals such as moose.
The presence of wolves brings financial benefits to Yellowstone Park. Tens of thousands of tourists visit Yellowstone annually to see the wolves. Those tourists provide money to help maintain the park and keep it in good condition. The Yellowstone Wolf Project continues to be a complicated issue with strong arguments for and against the effort.
狼队曾经共同在北美，但到30年代中期，大多数已经死亡。1995年和1996年，美国鱼类和野生动物管理局批准了一项计划，从加拿大捕捉狼和释放他们在黄石国家公园。这个计划被称为黄石狼项目成本的政府资金只有267000 $。这是一个巨大的成功。如今，黄石狼口已恢复，并可以自我维持。
由于狼的数量增长，狼已经成为了激烈的辩论的焦点。让人无法忽视的事实是狼偶尔杀羊，牛和其他家畜。对放牧牲畜的另一方面，狼捕猎和帮助控制人口，如驼鹿。
狼的存在带来了黄石公园的经济利益。成千上万的游客数以万计，每年参观黄石看到狼。这些游客提供资金，以帮助维持公园，使其处于良好状态。黄石狼计划继续与反对努力有力的论据一个复杂的问题。
Unit 3 Beauty and Appearance
Listening 1
A News Report
Announcer: What is beauty? An often-quoted expression is “Beauty is only skin deep”. In other words, someone can be beautiful on the outside, but be mean or unpleasant on the inside. Another famous sa ying is “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”. That is to say, each person?s idea of beauty is different. But is it true that each person perceives beauty differently? Or, does our social and cultural background influence our ideas about beauty? We turn to reporter Gwen Silva for the answer to this question.
Reporter: It?s said that beauty lies in the eye of the beholder, yet the opposite seems to be true. People within a culture usually have similar ideas about beauty. Numerous studies on beauty have had surprising results. These studies have shown that most people believe that average faces are the most beautiful faces.
It was Judith Langlois, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, who showed that most people think average looking faces are beautiful. In addition, the research shows that a beautiful face is a symmetrical face. To put it another way, if both sides of the face are exactly the same, we consider a person beautiful. Extreme variations in symmetry are usually not considered
beautiful, Langlois says, and may even be disturbing to observers.
The latest research on facial beauty was completed by psychologists Pamela M. Pallett, Stephen Link, and Kang Lee. These researchers were interested in finding out if there was a relationship between the parts of the face that people considered to be most beautiful. So, in four separate experiments the researchers asked university students to compare images of 12 faces. Each face was actually the same person—but there were different distances between the eyes and the mouth. After the experiments, the researchers discovered a “golden ratio”—the ideal distance between the eyes, the mouth, and the edge of the face. Faces were judged most beautiful when the distance between the eyes and the mouth was 36 percent of the length of the face. Not surprisingly, these measurements are exactly those of an “average” face.
Scientists have also studied the role of beauty in the attraction between the sexes. In studies by psychologists Victor Johnston and David Perrett, men consistently preferred women with large eyes, full lips, and a small nose and chin. Think of classic beauties such as Elizabeth Taylor and Audrey Hepburn or, nowadays, Angelina Jolie or Halle Berry. This preference for big eyes and full lips is not random. According to anthropologist Don Symons, the brain tells men that full lips and big eyes equal health and the ability to produce healthy babies. It?s an instinct that has evolved over a hundred thousand years, Symons believes.
However, not everyone agrees. Anthropologists do not agree that there is one standard idea of beauty. Around the world, different cultures have different ideas about what constitutes beauty. Forexample, the Mayan people of Central America considered crossed
eyes beautiful. A number of African tribes think scars make both men and women more beautiful. Among the Maori people of Australia, a woman is considered most beautiful when her lips are tattooed blue.
It does appear, therefore, that the old saying is wrong: Beauty does not lie in the eye of the beholder. Well, at least not entirely. People from the same culture usually envision beauty in the same way, but there are many variations—and many different types of beauty—around the world. This has been Gwen Silva, reporting.
新闻报道
播音员：什么是美？一个经常被引用的表述是“美是肤浅的”。换句话说，一个人可以是美丽的外面，但要平均或不愉快的在里面。另一句名言是“美在旁观者的眼睛”。也就是说，每个人的美的想法是不同的。但是，这是真的，每个人看待美不同？或者说，我们的社会和文化背景的影响有关美容我们的想法？我们转向记者格温·席尔瓦对这个问题的答案。
记者：据说美在于旁观者的眼睛，但相反似乎是真实的。一种文化中，人们通常对美类似的想法。美容无数的研究有惊人的效果。这些研究表明，大多数人认为，平均脸是最美丽的面孔。
这是朱迪丝朗格卢瓦，在得克萨斯大学心理学教授，谁发现，大多数人认为平均脸看着很漂亮。此外，研究表明，一个美丽的脸是对称的脸。换一种方式，如果脸的两边是完全一样的，我们认为一个人美丽。在对称的极端变化，通常不考虑美观，朗格卢瓦说，甚至可能干扰到观察员。
面部美容的最新研究是由心理学家帕梅拉M. Pallett，斯蒂芬Link和康李完成。这些研究人员兴趣找出是否有脸的人被认为是最美丽的部件之间的关系。所以，在四个不同的实验中，研究人员让大学生来比较12个脸部图像。每个面实际上是同一个人，但也有眼睛和嘴巴之间的距离不同。
实验后，研究人员发现了一个“黄金比例”两眼之间-the理想距离，口和面部的边缘。脸被判定最美丽的时候眼睛和嘴巴之间的距离为面部长度的36％。毫不奇怪，这些测量是完全相同的一个“平均”的脸。
科学家们还研究了两性之间的吸引力的美容作用。在心理学家维克托·约翰斯顿和大卫·佩雷特，男人始终首选女大眼睛，丰满的嘴唇，和一个小鼻子和下巴的研究。认为经典的美女，如伊丽莎白·泰勒和奥黛丽·赫本或者，如今，安吉丽娜·朱莉和哈莉·贝瑞的。这种偏爱大眼睛，饱满的嘴唇是不是随机的。据人类学家西蒙斯唐，大脑告诉那个男人丰满的嘴唇和大大的眼睛等于健康和生产健康婴儿的能力。它是一个已经发展了十万年的本能，西蒙斯认为。
然而，并非所有人都同意。人类学家不同意，有美女的一个标准的想法。在世界各地，不同的文化对什么是美不同的想法。例如,中美洲的玛雅人认为交叉眼睛很漂亮。一些非洲部落认为疤痕让男人和女人更加美丽。在澳大利亚的毛利人，当她的嘴唇是蓝色纹身的女人被认为是最美丽的。
因此,似乎这老说的是错的:美不在于观察者的眼睛。好吧,至少不完全是。人们通常从相同的文化想象美以同样的方式,但也有许多变化和许多不同类型的美丽世界。这是格温席尔瓦,报告。
Listening 2
An Informal Conversation
Sandra: I?m so hungry. I hope the food comes soon.
David: Me, too.
Ana: I?m not so hungry yet, so I don?t mind waiting. Hey—by the way—I forgot to ask you about the fashion show. Dad, did you like it?
David: Actually, yes. I?m really glad your mother convinced me to go. It was really interesting. Ana: And did you like it too, Mom?
Sandra: I did. It certainly wasn?t a boring fashion show. The clothes were so imaginative, weren?t they?
David: Yes.
Sandra: That antigravity jacket was like a piece of science fiction.
Ana: Antigravity jacket? What exactly is an antigravity jacket?
David: I guess you could say it?s a balloon.
Sandra: Right ... well, it?s part balloon, but it?s also part jacket. When the wearer tak es it off, it just floats in mid-air like a balloon.
Ana: That sounds cool!
Sandra: Oh, it was. The designer, Alex Soza, said he gets his ideas from daydreams, and the antigravity jacket was just one of his daydreams.
David: That jacket was interesting, I guess. But what amazed me was the vest made of Kevlar. Ana: Sorry, what does “Kevlar” mean?
David: Well, Kevlar is a man-made fiber and they use it to make a cloth which is stronger than steel. You?ve probably heard of it before. Police officers wear Kevl ar—or bullet-proof vests—sometimes to make sure they don?t get hurt if they are shot.
Ana: Oh, that?s right. I know what you?re talking about now.
Sandra: Kevlar is used in ropes, too—for astronauts in space.
David: A model dressed as a police officer was walking a police dog, and the dog was wearing a Kevlar vest.
Sandra: Oh, yeah. That dog was cute, wasn?t he?
Ana: It?s amazing that Kevlar can actually stop bullets! It must be very strong.
David: Oh, yes, it is. But it was developed back in the 1960s. Th ese days they?re working on fibers that are considerably stronger.
Ana: Really? Like what, for example?
Sandra: Well, they said at the fashion show that spider silk is a natural fiber that is five times as strong as steel. And textile manufacturers would love to get a lot of spider silk at once, but it?s difficult to raise large groups of spiders together.
Ana: Why?
David: Umm, because spiders sometimes eat each other.
Ana: Eww!
Sandra: Instead, some scientists have found an interesting alternative. They call it BioStrong, don?t they?
David: Actually, no, I think it?s called BioSteel.
Sandra: Oh, that?s right. Scien tists make BioSteel by inserting the spider-silk gene into goats. So, now the goats produce spider-silk protein in their milk, and scientists have derived a superstrong fiber from the goat milk.
Ana: That?s neat. What do they use it for?
Sandra: They said that instead of using rockets to transport things into space, they envision that BioSteel will help pull things up to space and down again without having to use rockets.
Ana: That?s really amazing.
David: So, what did you do this weekend, Ana?
Ana: Well, my friend was exhibiting some of her designs at an art gallery downtown, so I went there. She designs wearable electronics.
Sandra: What do you mean by “wearable electronics”?
Ana: Well, wearable electronics integrate clothes and electronics. She makes some really useful pieces—for example, a jacket with a cell phone right in the collar. My favorite item though was the GPS sneakers, um, sneakers with a global positioning system in them ... To allow parents to track lost children or rescue teams to track lost hikers.
David: How innovative! And it sounds really useful, too.
Ana: Oh, yes, definitely. Now, where?s our food? I?m starving.
一个非正式对话
桑德拉：我太饿了。我希望食品来得。
大卫：我也是。
安娜：我不是太饿了，所以我不介意等待。哎，对了，我忘了问你的时装秀。爸爸，你喜欢吗？
大卫：其实，是的。我真的很高兴你的母亲说服我去。这真的很有趣。
安娜：而且你也喜欢吗，妈妈？
桑德拉：我做到了。这当然不是一个无聊的时装秀。衣服是如此富有想象力的，不是吗？大卫：是的。
桑德拉：那反重力夹克就像一部科幻小说。
安娜：反重力夹克？究竟什么是反重力的外套？
大卫：我想你可以说这是一个气球。
桑德拉：对...好，这部分的气球，但它也部分外套。当佩戴者需要它，它只是漂浮在像一个
气球半空中。
安娜：那听起来很酷！
桑德拉：哦，那是。设计师亚历克斯Soza说，他得到他的想法从白日梦，和反重力夹克只是他的白日梦之一。
大卫：那件夹克是有趣的，我猜。但是，最令我惊讶的是芳纶制成的背心。
安娜：对不起，什么是“凯夫拉”呢？
大卫：嗯，芳纶是一种人造纤维，他们用它来制作的布比钢强。你可能已经听说过。警察穿芳纶或防弹vests-有时以确保如果他们拍他们没有受到伤害。
安娜：哦，这是正确的。我知道你在谈论什么现在。
桑德拉：芳纶在绳索使用，太对宇航员在太空。
大卫：装扮成警察的模型走一条警犬，狗身穿凯夫拉背心。
桑德拉：哦，是的。这狗很可爱，不是吗？
安娜：令人惊奇的是芳纶实际上可以阻止子弹！它必须是非常强大的。
大卫：哦，是的，就是这样。但它是在20世纪60年代开发了回来。他们对工作的纤维，这些天是相当强大。
安娜：真的吗？什么样的事情，例如？
桑德拉：嗯，他们在时装秀蜘蛛丝是一种天然纤维是五倍强如钢说。和纺织品制造商希望能得到很多蜘蛛丝的一次，但它难以提高蜘蛛的大群在一起。
安娜：为什么呢？
大卫：嗯，因为蜘蛛有时也吃对方。
安娜：好恶！
桑德拉：相反，一些科学家已经发现了一个有趣的选择。他们称之为BioStrong，不是吗？大卫：其实，不，我想这就是所谓的生物钢。
桑德拉：噢，这是正确的。科学家用蜘蛛丝蛋白基因插入到山羊做生物钢。所以，现在的山羊生产蜘蛛丝蛋白在他们的牛奶，科学家们得出从羊奶一个超强纤维。
安娜：这很好。他们是怎么使用它？
桑德拉：他们说，不是用火箭来运送的东西送入太空，他们设想，生物钢将有助于拉东西到空间，然后再次下跌，而不必使用火箭。
安娜：这真是太神奇了。
大卫：那么，你是怎么做的这个周末，安娜？
安娜：嗯，我的朋友在一个艺术画廊展出市区一些她的设计，所以我去那里。她设计的可穿戴电子产品。
桑德拉：你说的“可穿戴电子产品”呢？
安娜：嗯，可穿戴电子产品整合的衣服和电子产品。她让一些真正有用的部分，例如，用在衣领手机右侧一件夹克。我最喜欢的项目，虽然是GPS运动鞋，嗯，在他们的全球定位系统的运动鞋......让家长追踪走失的孩子和救援队来追踪迷路的徒步旅行者。
大卫：如何创新！它听起来确实很有用。
安娜：哦，是的，当然。现在，这里是我们的食物？我饿死了。
World~~~~
Narrator: In northwest Thailand, close to the Burmese border, lies a refugee camp. It harbors an unusual tribe. Stretched necks and collars made of brass rings define these women as Padaung. For centuries, the Padaung women have carried the tribe?s mark, the collar known as hcaung. But each of them began the painful process as a girl, when her bones were small and flexible. Even on the young, however, the coils are uncomfortable. To achieve the stretched-neck look of her elders,
she?ll have to return every few years to have more coils added. The collar continues to hurt, but for Padaung girls, pain is a requirement of belonging. The long-neck look is actually an illusion. Manang: When you wear the rings, it is not your neck that gets longer. It is your shoulders that gets pushed down and lowered.
Narrator: As the coil grows, its pressure pushes down on the shoulders and chest. The rib cage caves like a squeezed balloon and the neck appears to rise higher from the collapsed collar bones. The intentional deformation might seem cruel to outsiders, but to the Padaung, the hcaung is the signature mark of a tribeswoman. But the extreme practice that identified them as Padaung also marked them for persecution in their homeland of Burma, now called Myanmar.
In 1962, the military took control of the country, promising modernization. The new leaders disapproved of tribes that were deemed primitive, and tribal customs, including the hcaung, were made illegal. To maintain their identity and escape civil war, Manang and others fled to the neighboring country of Thailand. Although safe from war, the tribe is now caught between two countries and two worlds.
Narrator: Housed in refugee camps, the Padaung have drawn crowds of Western tourists, who travel here to witness the tribe?s ancient ways. Unexpectedly, what was once a persecuted mark of identity is now a profitable way to make a living.
Today, Mabang will have the opportunity to find out how she?ll look without her brass collar. After 10 years, it?s time for the rings to be refitted. It will take close to an hour of pulling at the brass before the rings can be lifted from her shoulders.
Mabang is astonished at how light she feels. She only speaks the Burmese dialect, so Maja helps her express her feelings.
Maja: Well, we never get to see what the neck looks like, so we want to have a look and see how it turned out.
Narrator: For outsiders, it?s incredible to imagine never seeing one?s own neck. For Mabang, it?s a transformative experience.
Maja: She wants to dress up in regular clothes and let her hair down and see if she will look pretty.
Narrator: As excited as she was to try on a new identity, Mabang eagerly returns to her old one, even though it may be years, even decades, before she sees her neck again.
Maja: She says, this is our tradition, so it does not feel strange.
Narrator: For Mabang, the embrace of coiled metal offers a passage back to who she is, not a restriction on who she might be. As refugees, the Padaung have endured much in order to preserve their culture, and their customs. Today, these rings of brass represent one tribe?s commitment to a future that does not sacrifice its past.
旁白:泰国西北部,靠近缅甸边境,是一个难民营。其中一个不寻常的部落。拉伸脖子和项圈的铜环Padaung定义这些女性。几个世纪以来,女性Padaung进行部落的标志,被称为hcaung领子。但是他们每个人开始痛苦的过程作为一个女孩,当她的骨头小而灵活。甚至在年轻,然而,线圈不舒服。实现stretched-neck看她的长辈,她将不得不返回每隔几年就有更多的线圈补充道。领继续伤害,但是对于Padaung女孩,疼痛是归属感的一种需求。长脖子看起来其实是一种错觉。
直达:当你戴上戒指,它不是你的脖子变长。你的肩膀,被下推和降低。
旁白:随着线圈的增长,其压力推肩膀和胸部。胸腔洞穴挤气球和倒塌的脖子似乎上升高领子的骨头。故意变形似乎残酷的局外人,但Padaung,hcaung部落妇女的签名标志。但是极端的
视听说3 unit1— unit6 Unit l, Lesson A Track 3-1-1Track 3-1-2 Leticia: Hello? Paula: Hi, Leticia. It's Paula. Leticia: Hi, Paula. How are you? Have you finished packing yet? Paula: Almost. Leticia: You must be excited. When's your flight? Paula: Tomorrow. At 9 a.m. Listen, Leticia, I need your help. Leticia: OK. What's up? Paula: Well, as you know, I'm going on vacation for two weeks. Do you think you could water my plantswhile I'm away? Leticia: Sure. No problem. Paula: Great. They need water twice a week. There's one plant in the bedroom and one in
the kitchen. Leticia: OK--say, how about your dog? Should I feed her, too? Paula: No, that's OK. I’m putting her in a kennel. Leticia: All right, then, I'll water your plants---and---oh, how about the mail? Should I pick it up for you? Paula: Actually, I've already asked the mailman to stop mail delivery. Thanks for asking, though. Leticia: Well, have a great trip! Paula: Thanks, Leticia. I really appreciate your help. Leticia: My pleasure. Wait a second. I don t have any keys to your place. Paula: Oh, that's right. Will you be home around 8 tonight? Leticia: Yeah, I think so. Paula: OK, I’ll drop by—I’ll give you the keys then. Leticia: OK! See you tonight. Bye! Paula: Bye! Thanks again! Track 3-1-3；3-1-4；3-1-5 W: Wow, Jun, you look relaxed! Did you enjoy the long weekend? J: I sure did actually. Actually I took a big trip. W: Over the weekend? We only had three days off!
新世纪大学英语视听说教程2的listening 原文 Unit One, Book 2 Listening 2 Just a few old keepsakes Boy: Hey, Grandma, what’s in this box Grandma: Oh, nothing really… Just a few old keepsakes. B: Keepsakes G: Young man, you know what a keepsake is! B: No, I don’t. I really don’t. G: Well, it’s something you keep. It’s something that gives you a lot of memories. B: Oh. What’s this G: Now don’t go just digging around in there! ... Hmmm, let’s see…. that’s my first diary. B: Can I…. G: No, you can’t read it! It’s personal! I wrote about my first boyfriend in there. He became your grandfather! B: Oh, ok…. Well then, what’s that It has your picture in it. G: That’s my passport. Y ou can see, I traveled to Europe by ship. B: What’s that big book G: My yearbook. It’s my high school book of memories. B: Class of 1961! Boy, that’s old! G: That’s about enough out of you, young man. I think it’s time we put this box away and… Listening 3 My first trip alone At the age of thirteen, I took my first trip alone. I went to visit my grandparents in Los Angeles. I felt very nervous about traveling so far, but my mother said, “Don’t worry. You’ll be fine.” I got on the airplane and talked for a long time to a very nice woman who sat next to me. My grandparents met me at the airport and took me to their home. I stayed there for two weeks, and I had so much fun with them! It was my first time in Los Angeles, and I saw lots of really interesting places. In the end, I didn’t want to go home! Listening 4Making memories A popular new hobby is scrapbooking---making beautiful books to hold
应Key to book4 unit1-4 Unit 1 Active reading (1) Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa Reading and understanding Dealing with unfamiliar words 3 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed) 2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition) 3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached) 4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming) 5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump) 6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert) 7 to say what happened (recount) 4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. It isn‘t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents. 5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes. 1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive) 2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop) 3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial) 4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched) 5 You should speak to Toby; he‘s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate) 6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn‘t got better completely. (healed) 6 Answer the questions about the words. 1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future? 2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve? 3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual? 4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don‘t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say? 5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing? 7 Answer the questions about the phrases.
Unit1 InsideView Conversation1 Janet:Hi,it’s meagain,JanetLi.I’m stillastudentattheUniversitRofORfordinE ngland.ButI’mnotinORfordrightnow.AndIhaven’tgonebackhometo Chinaeither.It’sthelongvacationnow,andbelieveitornot,it’sthemiddle ofsummer.I’mspendingmRsummerinoneoftheworld’sgreatestcities.I ’minLondon,hometotheHousesofParliament,BigBen,TowerBridge …andthedouble-deckerbus.Iwanttofindoutwhatit’sliketoliveinthisbu sR,livelRcitR.SoI’mworkingforLondonTimeOff,awebsiteaboutwhat ’soninLondon.ThisisJoe…,he’smRboss,andthisisAndR,whoisarepor ter.Andwhat’smRjob?Well,Idon’tknowRet,becauseit’smRfirstdaR.B utI’mmeanttobeshadowingAndR,oh,whatImeanis,I’m goingtobehelp inghim.SocanRoutellmesomethingaboutLondon,AndR? AndR:It’sthegreatestcitRintheworld.. Joe:ERceptforNewRork! AndR:NewRork?Don’tmakemelaugh! Joe:AndRourpointis…? AndR:Look,ifRouwantmRopinion,LondonisgreaterthanNewRork…Joe:No,Idon’twantRouropinion,thankRouverRmuch.It’safact. AndR:Afact!AreRouserious? \Janet:AndhereweareinLondon,probablRthegreatestcitRintheworld. AndR:What?ProbablR?ERcuseme,IprefertodealwiththismRself… Joe:Ah,dreamon,AndR……… 珍妮特：嗨，又是我，珍妮特.李。我目前还是一位英国牛津大学的学生，但我现在不在牛津，也还没有回中国的家。现在在放 长假，而且不管你信不信，现在是夏天的中期。我现在正在 世界上最棒的城市之一里度过我的夏天。我在伦敦，它是英 国国会大厦、大本钟、塔桥…和双层巴士的故乡。我想知道 住在如此热闹和生气勃勃的城市里是什么感觉。所以，我现 在在为伦敦下班网效劳。它是一个报道伦敦时事的网站。这 是乔，他是我的老板，而他是安迪，一位记者。我的工作是 什么呢？这个我也不知道，因为今天是我的第一天，但我会 注定跟随着安迪。喔，我的意思是，我将会协助他。那么安 迪，你能告诉我一些关于伦敦的事情吗？ 安迪：伦敦是世界上最棒的城市。 乔：除了纽约以外！ 安迪：纽约？别逗我笑了！ 乔：那你的观点是…? 安迪：注意，如果你真的需要我的观点，伦敦确实比纽约棒…
Unit5 Ⅰ.Lead-in 1.People keep pets for a variety of reasons. Some feel lonely and need company. Other people keep pets for security. Still others buy pets just to be in fashion. Finally, some people keep animals at home just out of love or pity. Their hearts are full of love, which pours out naturally for animals as well as humans. 2.Most people prefer dogs to cats. Dogs are more loyal to their owners than cats are. Also, dogs are more intelligent than cats. They can carry out human instructions and perform fairly complicated functions. Moreover, with its strength and agility, the dog is capable of protecting the house and its master. However, I wouldn't go as far as to claim that cats are worthless. Thanks to their soft fur, meek tempers and cute faces, they are often ladies' favorites. 3.It's hard to arrive at a conclusion on this question. It is obvious that if a pet like a cat is kept in the apartment without much chance of going out, it looks sad and inactive. Without proper physical exercise and enough exposure to the sun, it tends to become weak. However, they also have their compensation. In a human household pets are normally well fed. I should like to point out that a pet's intelligence is also an important factor. A dog or a cat may be intelligent enough to feel lonely, but I doubt whether less intelligent animals like a tortoise or fish can feel the difference between the human home and the wild or whether they can develop a feeling of loneliness, sadness or homesickness. In any case, a human home can provide them with better living conditions. 4.In my opinion, it is all right for us to eat meat such as pork, beef and chicken. To explain this, let me quote from the movie "The Lion King". The father lion tells his son that it is all right for them to eat the antelope: "When we die, our bodies become the grass. And the antelope eat the grass. And so we are all connected in the great Circle of Life." In the case of dog meat, people's opinions seem to vary. I think with the progress of human civilization and improvement of the living standards, we should discard the habit of eating dogs, since they are so intelligent and so loyal to us. Ⅲ.Listening In Task1:Dogs aren't allowed here! Manager: I'm sorry, Miss, but dogs aren't allowed in this theater. Mary: But I have a ticket for him. Manager: I'm very sorry, but animals aren't permitted. Mary: You don't understand. This is a special case. My dog is so well-trained and so intelligent that he's almost human. Manager: I see that you have an exceptional animal, but... Mary: I promise you that if there is any problem we'll leave the theater immediately. I promise you that this dog isn't like any other dog you've ever seen. Manager: Well... all right. I'll let you go in, since the theater is almost empty tonight. But your dog will have to behave himself, or you will have to leave. Mary: Thank you very much. Task2:Put the cat out!
综合英语教程第三版4 邹为诚主编 第二单元p37 1.玛丽看到一个贼眉鼠眼的男人走进邻居家里。shifty Mary saw a shifty-eyed man walking into a neighbor’s house. 2.鲍勃总是嘲笑我对服饰的眼光。sneer at Bob always sneers at my taste in clothes. 3.打探别人的秘密是不礼貌的。pry It is impolite to pry into other’s secrets. 4.我想克里斯想要抢我的饭碗。be after sth I think Chris is after my job. 5.她看到克里斯给他使的眼色，说话的声音便越来越小了。trail off She trailed off, silenced by the look Chris gave her. 6.那些树枝干而易断。brittle The branches were dry and brittle. 7.收音机老是发出噼里啪啦的声响，我们几乎听不清里面说些什么。crackle The radio cracked so much that we could hardly hear what was said. 8.地面向海倾斜。slope The land slopes down to the sea. 9.他的口袋里鼓鼓囊囊的塞满了钞票。bulge His pockets were bulging with money. 10.我不得不和出租车司机就车费讨价还价。haggle I had to haggle with the taxi driver over the fare. 第三单元p58 1. 这样的好机会千载难逢。once in a blue moon An opportunity as good as this arises/occurs only once in a blue mo on. 2. 这个孩子因为私自拿了母亲包里的钱而觉得十分愧疚。guilty of The boy felt guilty for taking money from his mother’s handbag with out permission. 3. 她知道他的话一句真的也没有。give credence to She did not give credence to a single word of his story. 4. 一般来说，老师对学生的错误都比较宽容。be tolerant of Generally speaking, teachers are tolerant of their students’ mistakes. 5. 我想当然地以为你会跟我们一起来，于是就给你买了票。take… for granted I took it for granted that you’d want to come with us, so I boug ht you a ticket. 6. 由于经理的不断劝导，工作人员很快就改掉了迟到的坏习惯。break the habit Thanks to the manager’s repeated counseling, the staff soon broke th e bad habit o f comin g late to work. 7. 他现在对她发火，但不久会原谅她的。这只是几小时的事，仅此而已。a matter of, that’s all He’s furious with her now, but he’ll forgive her soon. It’s just/ only a matter of a few hours, that’s all. 第四单元p78
大学英语视听说3听力原文翻译Unit-3
Unit 3 II. Basic Listening Practice 1.Script W: Chinese students are often too shy to say anything in class. M: I think they don’t speak because their culture values modesty，and they don’t want to be showing off. Goes back to Confucius. Q: Why don’t Chinese students say in class according to the man? C) They are modest. W：中国学生往往羞于说话在课上。 M：我想他们不说话是因为他们的文化价值观的谦虚，他们不想炫耀。回归到孔子。 问：为什么没有中国学生在课堂上说话？ C）他们是温和的。 2.Script W: The government is doing something at last about sex discrimination in the work place. Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work. M: Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what men get for the same job. It’s a situation that has to be changed. Q: What does the man say about the women? A) They earn less than men. W：政府现在在做的事情，工作场所的性别歧视。女人的付出男人一样。 M：是的。在美国，同样的工作妇女的工资只有男性的百分之70。这一情况已经有所改变。 问：什么人说的女人？ 一）他们的收入比男性少。 3. Script W: I admire Michael Dell. He had a dream to be the world’s largest manufacture of personal computers, and he has realized that dream. M: And he dropped out of university to become a success. I wonder if there is a lesson in that. Q: What do we learn about Michael Dell from the dialog? D) He succeeded in his career though he did not complete his education.
Unit 5 Student Life Listening Audio Track 3-5-1 A: You’re majoring in international business law, is that correct? B: That’s correct. A: And what made you choose this university? B: Well, I want to be a lawyer and this university has one of the most respected law departments in the country. It was an easy choice. What about you? A: My major is international business. I researched several universities but decided on this one because it has strong links with many multinational businesses. I hope that will help when I graduate and start looking for jobs. B: How did you find the application process? A: Well, I had to take an entrance examination, of course. Then, I submitted an application form along with my official high school transcripts and a letter of recommendation. B: And did you get accepted immediately? A: No, I had to attend an interview. I remember I was very nervous. B: It was exactly the same for me. But we must have interviewed well as we’re here now. Audio Track 3-5-2/Audio Track 3-5-3 C=Counselor, K=Kai C: Hello, Kai. Have a seat. K: Hi, Ms. Danielson. C: How’s it going? Are you excited about graduating? K: I guess so. But there’s so much to do between now and then. C: Well, let’s talk about that … Let me check your file here. So, what’s new? Have you researched any colleges or universities? K: Well, I researched three … like you told me to. C: Good, good. Which ones? K: Let’s see … California State University, Harvard University, and City College. C: And? K: Well, I applied to two: Harvard and City College. Cal State is just too far away. C: Sounds like you’ve been thinking about this seriously. That’s good. K: Yep. C: Any news yet? K: Well, I got accepted to City College. I haven’t heard anything from Harvard. I probably won’t get accepted there.
新世纪大学英语视听说教程2的optional listening 原文及答案免费下载 Unit One, Book 2 2-1-3------- 2-1-4 ------ Listening 1 Boy: Hey, Grandma, what’s in this box? Grandma: Oh, nothing really… Just a few old keepsakes. B: Keepsakes? G: Young man, you know what a keepsake is ! B: No, I don’t. I really don’t. G: Well, it’s something you keep. It’s something that gives you a lot of memories. B: Oh. What’s this? G: Now don’t go just digging around in there! ... Hmmm, let’s see…. that’s my first diary. B: Can I….? G: No, you can’t read it! It’s personal! I wrote about my first boyfriend in there. He became your grandfather! B: Oh, ok…. Well then, what’s that? It has your picture in it. G: That’s my passport. YOU can see, I traveled to Europe by ship. B: What’s that big book? G: My year book. It’s my high school book of memories. B: Class of 1961! Boy, that’s old! G: That’s about enough out of you, young man. I think it’s time we put this box away and…
Unit 1 1.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题作好了准备。（confront） He has prepared answers to the questions that he may confront during the interview. 2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声来。（touch） His sad experience touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。(hand in hand) The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing. 4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。(well up) When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。(in common) People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子。(look into) Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.
Unit 1 Inside View Conversation 1 Janet: Hi, it’s me again, Janet Li. I’m still a student at the University of Oxford in England. But I’m not in Oxford right now. And I haven’t gone back home to China either. It’s the long vacation now, and believe it or not, it’s the middle of summer. I’m spending my summer in one of the world’s greatest cities. I’m in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus. I want to find out what it’s like to live in this busy, lively city. So I’m working for London Time Off, a website about what’s on in London. This is Joe…, he’s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter. And what’s my job? Well, I don’t know yet, because it’s my first day. But I’m meant to be shadowing Andy, oh, what I mean is, I’m going to be helping him. So can you tell me something about London, Andy? Andy: It’s the greatest city in the world. . Joe: Except for New York! Andy: New York? Don’t make me laugh! Joe: And your point is…? Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York… Joe: No, I don’t want your opinion, thank you very much. It’s a fact. Andy: A fact! Are you serious? \Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world. Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself… Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy……… 珍妮特：嗨，又是我，珍妮特.李。我目前还是一位英国牛津大学的学生，但我现在不在牛津，也还没有回中国的家。现在在放长假，而且不管你信不信，现在是夏天的中期。 我现在正在世界上最棒的城市之一里度过我的夏天。我在伦敦，它是英国国会大厦、 大本钟、塔桥…和双层巴士的故乡。我想知道住在如此热闹和生气勃勃的城市里是 什么感觉。所以，我现在在为伦敦下班网效劳。它是一个报道伦敦时事的网站。这 是乔，他是我的老板，而他是安迪，一位记者。我的工作是什么呢？这个我也不知 道，因为今天是我的第一天，但我会注定跟随着安迪。喔，我的意思是，我将会协 助他。那么安迪，你能告诉我一些关于伦敦的事情吗？ 安 迪： 伦敦是世界上最棒的城市。 乔 ： 除了纽约以外！ 安迪：纽约？别逗我笑了！ 乔：那你的观点是… ? 安迪：注意，如果你真的需要我的观点，伦敦确实比纽约棒… 乔：不，我不需要你的观点，非常感谢！这是事实！ 安迪：事实！你是当真的吗？ 珍妮特：我们现在在伦敦，或许是世界上最棒的城市。 安迪：什么？或许？对不起，我宁可自己处理这个… 乔：啊，安迪，继续做你的美梦吧... Conversation 2