考研英语：阅读理解之八大考点
考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料，考生应能：
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4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，共20小题，每小题2分，共40分
一、
1.提问方式：
1)直接提问(Main idea型)
?The text intends to express the idea that. . .
?We can draw a conclusion from the text that. . .
?What is the passage mainly about?
?The passage is mainly.
?From the passage we learn that. . .
?The passage is mainly about. . .
?he key point of the passage is that. . .
?This passage mainly deals with. . .
?The main point the author makes in the passage is.
?What does this passage mainly discuss?
?The general/ main/ central idea of the passage is.
?The passage is primarily concerned with. . .
2)给文章定标题
The best title for the text may be. . .
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?'
A best title for the passage could be.
A best title for the passage might be.
This passage can be entitled. . .
3)提问写作目的( Purpose型)
?The article is written to explain.
?The purpose of the passage is.
?This passage is intended to…
2.解题技巧：
1)
①.重点读文章的首段开头部分，如果文章中有这样的主旨句，
那么再看四个选择项，如其中一项所含的信息同主旨句中的信息相似，该项即为正确答案
②.重点读各段的开头和结尾，四个选项中能涵盖文章各段内容的一项，
就是正确答案
③.浏览全文，明确文章的"中心议题"，"
中心议题"与关键词应与文章中的相一致
④.“先列出传统观点或自己反
对的观点，然后再进行转折否定
⑤.若文章主题句或各段落主题句不好找时，注意作者叙述较多或强调较多的事物及观
点，其很可能是作者讨论的核心
2)寻找主题句或者主题词
1.寻找主题句
①.主题句的特征
a)主题句通常是一个概括总结性的结论或判断
②.主题句的位置
a)出现在文章首段首句
b)出现在文章首段的转折处
c)出现在文章开头现象结束处
2.寻找主体词
①.在主题句中出现
②.在首段中多次出现
③.在全文中多次出现
④.在题干中多次出现
3)从选项本身出发，排除各大干扰选项
①.
②.以偏概全：若选项表意与原文相符，则看该层含义是否一直贯穿全文，如只涉及文章
中某一细节或某一段落的内容，不能概括整个文章的中心思想，属于以偏概全予以排
③.过度概括：概括的范围太大、太笼统，超出了文章阐述的部分，属于归纳过头，
④.故意歪曲：与原文表达的意思相反或相悖
⑤.胡乱联系。虽涉及文章的中心议题，但却是文章中根本没有提及的、方面
⑥.若难以将选项与原文匹配，则从选项观点出发，思考如果想要论述这一观点，文章应
该围绕什么去写，涵盖哪些内容。然后，再据此去对比文章内容是否与此相符，进行判断
二、(事实细节题)——提问文章主题有关的事实或细节;找准题干关键词，回文定位寻一致
1.提问方式：
具体信息题即事实细节题，根据文中的具体内容、信息进行提问，是考研英语一中所占比重最大的阅读题型。题干明确提到时间、地点、人物或事实等细节信息或者题干和选项之间存在一种因果关系。
2..解题技巧：
该题型的解题技巧非常简单，即根据原文关键词回文定位，找寻与原文表意一致的选项。
一般而言，正确选项的特征为“原文再现”、“同义替换”或“同义转述”。
紧扣题干，抓住题干中隐含的“导向词”（暗示考生命题人要求什么样的信息）
关注特殊句式（双重否定，倒装句式，强调句），正确选项往往是对这些句子的同义改述 理清文中涉及各主体之间的关系，排除偷换概念和强加关联的选项
细节背后必有主线，关注细节的同时不忘主线
特殊句式（否定句、比较句、倒装句）时命题人眼中的天然陷阱（命题人会用反向干扰、夸大其词、偷换概念等）
选择时需要重神似而轻形式：正确选项为了隐蔽不会直接采用原文，而是进行概括或替换；错误的选项为了干扰，反而会和原文貌似一致
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四、
五、
六、
七、
八、
二、
——;先找解释说明句，若无再依语境断
1.提问方式：
①By saying “…”, the author means that…
②The sentence“…”(Line…, Para. …) shows that…
2.解题技巧：
①概念含义题考查对句子的理解，大多不能通过分析语法直接得出。不过，该句后面往往会有对其进行进一步解释说明的句子或举例，可以结合后面内容进行推断。
②文章中的句子并不是孤立的，而是服务于某一主旨的，即其会受到文章主旨、段落中心句和相邻句子的影响或制约。因此，可以将选项表意代入文中进行判断，看其是否符合上下文语境。
一般来说，推理题可以分为：细节型推理、段落型推理题，全文型推理题，
常考出题点：段落首末句、主题句、观点句；与主题密切相关的细节；转折、强调、递进关系的地方。
1. 提问方式：
①.It can be inferred from Paragraph…that…/Which of the following can be inferred from the
passage？
②.The author implies that…/What is implied in…?
③.It can be concluded from the passage that…/We can conclude from the article that…
④.According to the text, which of the following is (NOT) TRUE？
⑤.It can be learned from paragraph….that….
⑥.Which of the following is suggested in the …paragraph.
⑦.
2.解题技巧：
（1）解题方法：
①.首先理解文章的字面意义，弄清上下文的逻辑关系
②.注意作者遣词造句的特点，了解其含蓄的意义
③.明白作者想让我们推断什么
④.利用文章中明确叙述的内容进行推理，挖据作者的隐含意思
⑤.切勿妄加评论，以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
（2）深谙推理原则：
①.推理时只能根据文章提供的内容或证据进行推理，不能受常识、个人经验等干扰
②.推理时只能根据文章提供的内容或证据进行一步推理，不能一推到底，过度推理
③.推理时不能用特殊情况去推
④.推理时若无从下手，可考虑对原文内容进行概括总结,找中心主题
（3）熟记错误选项特征：
①.与原文表意一模一样，即对原文内容的简单重复，不用推理即可得出的选项是错误选项
②.选项中出现never,no one,nobody,absolutely,completely,entirely,always,everyone等表意过于
绝对的词一般不是正确选项
③.符合常识，但与文章所提供的内容或证据不符，或与原文内容无关的选项是常识干扰项
④.用词与原文一致，但表意与原文不同，即利用同一词汇的不同含义制造的词汇干扰选项
⑤.选项内容与原文意思相反，即反向干扰
⑥.文章根本没有提及，纯属主观臆测的结论，即无中生有或望文生义
（4）熟记正确选项特征：
①.一般为同义改写、转述，归纳总结
②.细节服从主旨
③.转折处和语法现象经常设置推理
④.语气相对缓和：may
（5）实质：考研推理题本质上还是一种同义改写，推理通常为正反推理和归纳总结
（6）解题原则
①.细节服从主旨，论据依附于论点
②.推理必须以原文为依据，切不可主观推理
③.特别关注转折处
五、——提问文章中某一超纲单词、短语或某一句子的意义
1.提问方式：
①The word “…”(Line…, Para. …) might mean…/ The word/phrase “…”(Line…, Para. …)…probably means…
②In Paragraph…, “…”probably refers to…/ In Paragraph…, “…”probably stands for…
2.解题技巧：
（1）根据词汇本义来判断熟词辟义
①根据本义去引申
②结合上下文语境来判断
③将各选项代入原文，看哪个选项代入后符合原文逻辑
④优先排除表面意思
（2）多角度猜测超纲词词义
①利用构词法来推断。
②利用与其并列的词或短语进行推断
③利用同位语从句或解释说明的句子进行推断
④利用作者对其的态度（是褒？是贬？）进行判断
（3）对于此类题的解答可采用策略:
①先从关键词所在句找线索，看有没有"逻辑关系词"或"标点符号"表明该词和句中另一词存
在"同义/近义"或"反义"关系(转折词but/ despite/ in spite of 等表示语义后句; 并列词、递进词and/a1so/ even/indeed 等表示语义同向;括号、冒号、破折号则往往表示解释说明/同义或近义) ;
②再从下文找线索: (与句内关系类似)句间转折词表"反向"指向反义词；并列、递进、以及大
多数情况下的无逻辑词表"同向" 、寻找同义词/近义词/上下义词;
③结合两线索，确定选项(注:构词法可用于辅助推测)
④干扰选项的特征：对字面意思的肤浅理解
1.提问方式：
①What do you think precedes this text？/ What do you think follows this text？
②The author uses the example of…to argue/exemplify/discuss…
2.解题技巧：
①该题型在与考查是否理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系，因此做本题时需要联系上下文进行推断。
②熟悉考研英语阅读文章的常见结构类型。比如，“提出传统观点—批判传统观点—提出自己观点”、“描述具体例子—得出自己观点”、“提出自己观点—举例例证观点—再次重申观点”、“提出问题—分析原因—解决问题”、“描述现象—导致后果—提出建议”、“引出事物—分析
利弊—总结陈述”等等。
③熟记表示逻辑衔接关系的词语，如表示并列递进的and,moreover,furthermore等，表示转折关系的but,however,rather,nevertheless,otherwise等，表示因果关系的so,since,consequently, therefore等等，表示归纳总结的to conclude,to sum up,in brief等等。
④遇到具体的文章时，先整体分析该文章主要论述什么内容，其结构类型是什么，寻找表示逻辑关系的词语，结合上下文来推断试题答案
提问文章中作者或文章中某一个人物的意图、观点或态度;文章主旨不可偏，正选排除两结合
1.提问方式：
①.The author's attitude towards…seems to be…
②.How does the author feels about…?
③.The author thinks/suggests/believes that…
④.The author believes/holds that…….
⑤.Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards.. . ?
⑥.The' author has holds a(an) attitude towards.……
⑦.Accordìng to the passage, the word/statement that best expresses the author's attitude ìs…
⑧.ln the author's opinion ...
⑨.According to the author . . .
⑩.The tone of the passage can best be described as.
?.What is the tone/ mood of the passage?
2.解题技巧：
①寻找原文中明显带有感情色彩的词汇(形容词为主)，结合文章主题来判断
②若出现indifferent,uninterested,impassive,confused,subjective,biased,prejudiced,perplexed, puzzle,contemptuous,subjective等词汇可以直接排除
③若出现过于绝对的词汇，如strong,entire,complete等词汇可考虑排除
④根提备选答案中经常提供的字眼作为线索，仔细体会作者的态度、观点。一般来说，选项
大致有三种:
a)褒义词: positive (积极的，肯定的)，optimistic (乐观的)，useful ( 有益的) ，admiring
(敬佩的) ，interesting (有趣的)，instructive (有教育意义的) , enthusiasm （热情），
supportive(支持)，approval (赞同)等
b)贬义词: negative (消极的，否定的)，pessimistic (悲观的)，subjective (主观
的) ,disappointed (失望的)，frustrated (沮丧的)，critical (批评的)，dissatisfied (不满的)，biased (有偏见的)，satirical (讽刺的)，tolerant (容忍的)，puzzling (令人费解的) ，suspicious,skepitical (怀疑的)，gloomy (令人沮丧的，忧郁的)，scared (害怕的)，cynical(愤世嫉俗的) ,opposition (反对)，disgust (厌恶)等
c)中性词: objective (客观的)，impartial (不偏不倚的，公正的)，indifferent (漠不关心
的)，impassive (冷漠的)，uninterested (不感兴趣的)，neutral (中立的)，cautions（谨慎的），humorous (幽默的) ，apathetic (无动于衷的), disinterested (公正的，无私的)，sensitive (敏感的)
⑤若三个选项都带有同一感情色彩（如贬义），而剩余一个选项的感情色彩与之明显不同（如
中立或褒义），则选择后者
⑥当作者态度没有明确给出时，关注
a)感情色彩强烈的词
b)文章首末段，特别是末段
c)转折处
d)情态动词后的内容：should、would、must
题（例证题，局部主题题）
1.提问方式：
证明该观点的内容例子。因此，题干中常出现
2.解题技巧：
①解答此类题的关键是清楚作者重点在于描述什么，用什么来证明所描述的内容。因此在解答此类试题时也应清楚文章或段落的主旨
②使用举例论证的文章常出现for example,such as等词汇，这些词汇前面的内容常为论点，后面内容为论据
③有些文章喜欢先给出事实，后面再总结自己的观点，此类文章前者为论据，后者为论点
④若前面有完整的句子，后面引用某人的话语，则前者为论据，后者为论点
⑦例证是为论点服务，例子（论据）本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点（论点）是什
么，例子是为观点和结论服务的，寻找到例子对应的观点和结论，通常往上或者往下寻找，观点或结论也可以在本句中，要重点把握例子所在段落主旨
⑧干扰选项的特征：就事论事，谈例子本身，而不谈论点；自我总结
⑨正确选项的特征：表达论点的选项
考研英语：阅读理解之阅读技巧
is regarded as,is viewed as, is seen as, is assumed as, is perceived as, is though as(to be)等深层内涵：暗指该句只是在介绍惯有的观点和看法，作者很可能并不认同，将在后文提出反驳，遇到这类表达应在随后的阅读中保持警惕
normally,traditionally,conventionally,regularly,commonly等词强调“正常情形和传统情形”，预示下文会转折指出作者更为关注的“特殊情形，新奇情形”
读题干时重点把握
1.:时间、年代、地点、数字、人名、地名、专有名词、
of结构、形容词、副词（同义改写，词性变换，指示代词）
2.建立题干之间的联系
3.预测文章内容，推测题目答案：当某个概念被多次提及时，可能与文章主题中心或与
主题重要相关的内容
4.回文定位得出答案
选项中如果有比较级，不作为正确选项
理解句子间的逻辑关系：
1.并列关系：同义重现
2.转折关系：反义复现
指代（代词）的一般原则
1.就近原则
2.前句主语
3.前句讨论的主要对象，或者整个段落的核心话题
4.注意主谓一致原则（单复数）
注意情态动词要和形容词所传达的作者的态度观点
句子中分号表示了前后语义上的并列，即后面部分是对前面部分的解释和说明。
冒号后面的内容与中心思想密切相关，需要重点关注
当四个选项中包含有两个意思互为相反的选项时，正确选项往往在两者之一，即一个为正确选择，另外一个为反向干扰
考研阅读理解核心原则
1.细节服从主旨
2.优先选择与中心思想最相关的选项
当题目涉及作者的观点时，需关注所在段落所隐藏的作者情感
长难句分析
(一)第一步：找连词
1.从属连词：when，where…that
2.并列连词：and，or，but…that
3.前后并列相同关系
4.从后往前，找并列关系
(二)第二步：找动词
(三)第三步：找介词（介词结构和to do）
1.做定语
2.做状语
3.做补语
Seem 含有不确定和些许否定之意，在议论文该词往往隐含作者真实的观点，类似的词还有sound、look、suppose、appear
选项中有比较级的时候往往是干扰选项
分号前后是并列关系，可用对于成分分析法解题
选项中有两个意思相反的时候往往有一个是正确答案
考研英语：阅读理解之猜词生词词义的技能
一、利用上下文线索猜测生词
(一)重述
1.作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行
解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开，或用信号词引导
2.常见的信号词有:or , namely, that is , in other words , that is to say , to be more exact , to put
in anotherway 等等
3.例子：
Vandalism,that is , the senseless destruction of other people' s property , seems to have become part of modern life , and , at the same time, we have come to accept mugging, in other words, robbery with violence in our streets , as a common danger.
4.
5.在这段文字中，that is之后是对vandalism的重述，由此可知vandalism 意为"肆意破坏他人财产的行为" 。in other words之后是对mugging的重述，也可得知mugging 的意思为"在
大街上实施暴力抢劫"
(二)定义
1.
2.作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与
专业内容相关的文章中，定义解释作者所用词的准确含义
3.常使用信号词，如i. e. , is , are , is/ are called , mean , refer to , known as 等等
4.
5.例子：
The animals whose temperature is regulated by internal metabolic process are called
6.信号词are called 引导出对endotherms 和ectotherms 的定义。可知，"通过体内代谢调节
体温的动物"叫做endotherms，即"恒温动物" ; "由环境调节体温的动物"叫做ectotherms ，即"冷血动物，变温动物"
(三)
(四)举例
1.作者常常会通过对某一难词给出具体的例子，帮助读者理解该词的词义
2.
3.举例常用的号词有: such as, such....as , for example , for instance , like , including , especially
等
4.例子：
This cheap form of power that is brought into our homes so easily, operates such modern
5.据such... as之后的举例:照明、空调、冰箱、电视等，可知amenities为"家用电器"之意
(五)
(六)同义词或近义词
1.在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思
相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思
2.例子：
Most of us feel upset if we miss just one meal , and if we tried to go without food for 12 hours we would really be uncomfortable. But there are some people who seem able to "fast" for very long periods.
3.
4.fast此处并非其常用的意义。根据上下文可知，它在此处是动词，并与go without food 同
义
(七)反义词
1.有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反
义词线索猜测词义
2.表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有: (whether). . . or, unlike , but, yet, however , while,
although , nevertheless, instead , rather than, in contrast , on the contrary, on the other hand等
3.例子：
①.Even though some genetic mutations may be useful under certain circumstances, most are
unconditionally deleterious in all existing environments.根据表示转折关系的信号词even though可判断deleterious与useful是反义词，意思为"有害的"
②.
③.Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed , and whether
the sound is continuous or intermittent.根据信号词whether…or可判断intermittent 和continuous 意思相反，意思为"间歇的，断断续续的"
二、根据语法知识猜测词义
1.在英语句子中，同位语或同位语从句、定语从句等都起着解释说明、补充或限定的作用，
因此也能提供猜测词义的线索
2.例子
①.The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s , when they discovered that oncogenes,
which are cancer-causing genes , are inactive in normal cells.定语从句解释oncogcnes，即"致癌基因"
②.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which
today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be.Third Wave infrastructure ( 第三浪潮基础设施)在此是一专业术语，到底是什么意思，果没有后面的定语从句的解释，很难理解。根据定语从句，它指的是"电子基础设施"
③.The purpose of the campaign was to catch " ringers" , students who take test for other students
同位语解释了ringers 的意思，即"冒名顶替者"
三、根据标点符号猜测词义
1.标点符号常常也可成为各种猜测线索的信号，如:逗号可帮助读者寻找重述线索;逗号、破
折号、括号后面的内容通常对前面的词进行补充、解释、说明等
2.例子：
①.standing up and shouting at Sue that he should be running the
meeting just to give her a bad time, didn't win him any friends.作者在逗号后以"站起来对Sue
大喊要主持会议，借此对Sue 发难"为例，具体说明Luke的pretentious manner，据此可猜出它的意思是"自命不凡的架势"
②. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide一the division of the
world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. digital divide 是个新词，其准确意义在破折号后得到解释，即"世界被分化为信息富裕和信息贫穷两部分"。而info 在后面的括号中也得到解释，即information (信息)
③.
an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning , a cigarette for the nerves.冒号后的例子:阿司匹林去头痛、葡萄酒助社交、清晨一杯咖啡开始工作、抽根香烟放松神经，这些都是很常见的事。由此可判断，pervaslve与widespread 意思相近，意为"普及的，遍布的" 。
④.also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"一has,ironically,even bred a
new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism.破折号后解释了downshifting 的意思:在美国也叫做voluntary simplicity ，即"自愿返瑛归真"
四、根据上下文逻辑推测词义
1.有时单词所在的上下文中没有明显的解释说明性线索，这时可根据上下文的逻辑关系进
行推理，以确定某一难词或短语的意义
2.例子：
A friend of mine was in low spirits one day. He usually dealt with this state of mind by avoiding people until the mood passed. But on this day he had an important meeting with his boss ,
happy , good-natured person. To his surprise , he soon discovered he was no longer depressed.
3.从上下文可知，他虽情绪低落，但因为重要会议，不得不"佯装高兴"
五、根据构词法推测词义
1.英语中的许多词汇，特别是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的。因此，掌握主要
的构词法有助于猜测词义
六、根据常识或背景知识猜测词义
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学 Passage 18(Doctor-assisted Suicide：Is It Ever an Option?) Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations. Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces. What role should the doctor have? Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that a cancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs. The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another’s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well. These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn’t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide. I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of
1. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批 来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我 们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。【析句】句子的主干是The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences to tell us that...and that...。主系表容易辨认，to tell us作目的状语，两个并列的that引导tell的宾语从句。令整个 句子略显复杂的是插入语enlisted by the White House，割裂了这句话的整体性。 2. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。【析句】首先，句子的主干science does provide us...future and it is critical...。and连接两个并列的句子，前句是个简单句，容易理解；后句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，因为从句很长，若放在句首，句子则显得头重脚轻。that主语从句中，our nation and the world 是主语，base是谓语，important policies是宾语，on the best judgments 是宾语补足语，而judgments后有that引导的定语从句。注意，concerning the futrue...actions中的concerning此处是介词，意
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三) Passage 11 Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类 unit1 unit1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilienc e has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by
UNIT SIX TEXT ONE Maintaining internal E-mail systems has long been the bane of the university information-technology director. Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially as forward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer. The solution for a number of colleges has been to wave the white flag and outsource E-mail hosting to the experts. Microsoft, which owns Hotmail, and Google (Gmail) are the biggest players in the educational E-mail hosting market. Along with the neat-o peripheral gizmos like messaging, calendars, and collaboration tools, the outsourced systems are more stable, have better spam filters, and provide much more storage space than the typical university's in-house system. At the University of Pennsylvania, its old E-mail service gave students 60 megabytes of storage, just 3 percent of the 2 gigabytes Windows Live now provides. In return, Google and Microsoft get almost nothing, at least monetarily and in the short term. Microsoft's Windows Live @ edu and the Google Apps Education Edition are free of charge for schools. Eliminating another source of revenue, the two tech giants stripped their respective services of advertising in an effort to accommodate educators' concerns. Microsoft breaks even on the venture (it does run ads on non-E-mail services like instant messaging), while Google, which makes almost all its money through advertising, runs at a loss. But what money they don't make at the moment will—the companies hope—pay great dividends in the form of lifelong users in the future, says Google's Jeff Kelter. As quickly as they shuffle out of commencement, graduates see their E-mail transition to the traditional ad-based formats of Gmail and Hotmail. And unlike before, when universities couldn't afford to host thousands of alumni, Google and Microsoft can maintain every account indefinitely, retaining customers as long as customers still want them. Not all schools are ready to outsource their tech dirty work, with privacy and security topping the list of concerns. Critics worry that by handing over the responsibility of E-mail hosting, colleges also relinquish the freedom to keep the information safe in the best way they see fit. Even in the corporate world, there is great skepticism of consumer technologies like Google Apps. Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Google
2020年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（4） It is a startling claim， but one that Congresswoman Deborah Pryce uses to good effects： the equivalent of two classrooms full of children are diagnosed with cancer every day. Mrs. Pryce lost her own 9-year-old daughter to cancer in 1999. Pediatric cancer remains a little-understood issue in America， where the health-care debate is consumed with the ills， pills and medical bills of the elderly. Cancer kills more children than any other disease in MERICA. 1） although there have been tremendous gains in cancer survival rates in recent decades， the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001. 2） Grisly though these statistics are， they are still tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost to breast cancer （41，000 each year） and lung cancer （164，000）。Adbocates foor more money for child cancer prefer to look at life-years lost， the average age for cancer diagnosis in a young child is six， while the average adult is diagnosed in their late 60s. Robert Arceci， a pediatric cancer export at Johns Hopkins， points out that in terms of total life-years saved， the benefit from curing pediatric cancer victims is roughly the same as curing adults with breast cancer. There is an obvious element of special pleading in such calculations， all the same， breast cancer has attracted a flurry of publicity， private fund-raising and money from government. Childhood cancer has received less attention and cash. Pediatric cancer， a term which covers people up to 20
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.
超精读——全面提升英语阅读能力 作者：丁晓钟来源：点点英语 经常有同学问我：有没有什么捷径能够顺利地通过四六级、考研或者其它英语考试? 我的回答总是：没有。但是，帮助同学们找到一套科学的学习方法，不仅可以提高英语能力，而且对考试也有切实的帮助，是我一直所追求的。在国内这样的非母语学习环境里，如何在英语学习上少走弯路，最为行之有效和直接的提高英语水平的办法就是大量阅读，并作精细阅读，这样才能带动“听说写译”等其它能力的突破。结合我个人的学习体会，并经过长时间的思考和教学中的摸索，我总结出了一套以阅读为突破口，提高英语综合能力和突破四六级和考研等等英语考试的“超精读”方法，希望能对同学们有所帮助。 对大部分中国学生来说，欠缺的不是泛读，而是精读。总的来说，同学们在超精读文章的时候要对文章和考点、干扰项等进行详细的分析、总结。这时要仔细体会文章中精彩的语言，注意词语的内涵、使用、扩展和搭配，代词和名词的指代，对精彩句型的模仿，以及对重要语法现象、长句、难句、文章结构的分析。另外，还要注意分析句子和句子之间的关系，是因果、递近、转折还是什么？尤其要注意文章的第一句和最后一句，以及每段的第一句和最后一句与其它句子的关系，体会每句话在文章中的作用。在阅读过程中，要培养自己对文章主要讨论对象、关键词，作者和专家的观点，以及语气的把握。特别注意作者和专家的观点，专家和专家之间的观点是否相同或相反或互补，以及作者和专家的语气是赞成还是反对，是关注还是乐观等等。如果是真题，还要仔细分析考点和正确、干扰选项的规律、特征。在此过程中，可把文章尽可能的多读几遍，甚至翻译一下，提高对文章中单词、短语、句型等的反应速度，阅读速度自然也就提高了。 如果能做到上面几点，那么你才能说真正地理解了文章，阅读理解能力以及综合英语能力都会得到很大的提高，其结果是对考试中的每个题型的把握都会更上一层楼。先从听力说起，据研究，一个人的阅读理解能力和听力水平是成正比关系的。试想，有的同学连听力原文都看不懂，怎么可能听懂呢。另外，在超精读的过程中，所积累的词汇能力，对词汇题也有很大帮助，我曾做过统计，如果对10套左右的四六级、考研阅读真题中的词汇进行过深入学习，大纲中的重点词汇就已经囊括大半。最好的词汇记忆方法是通过阅读来学习，可以记得又牢又准确。对翻译、完形、改错、简短回答问题等小题型，你就会觉得得心应手，因为你对这些题型的解题能力和你的阅读、词汇能力最相关。关于作文，许多同学喜欢背模版，其实模版作文千篇一律，很难拿到高分。如果在读英语报刊和真题的过程中，我们有意识地摘抄积累一些精彩地道的词汇和句型，考试时信手拈来，无疑会使评卷老师眼睛为之一亮。实际上，我们所阅读的英语文章就是一篇篇精彩的作文范文。如果我们能在早晨、傍晚朗读或背诵英语报刊文章或真题阅读文章，经常进行翻译练习，耳濡目染接触到的都是地道的英语，坚持下去，我们的听说读写译能力很自然地就会得到提高。 第一步：准备好阅读材料，训练阅读速度，捕捉文章大意。不要查字典、看译文。 在阅读英语报刊（推荐阅读Time, Newsweek, the Economist等）或者真题的时候，第一遍都必须首先注意提高阅读速度。对报刊上的文章，第一遍读的时候不要查字典，记下起止时间，计算单位时间的阅读量。对真题，更加要控制在规定的时间内完成，阅读时就要随时对可能的考点作出标记，最后结合解题技巧来解题。这时的重点放在训练速度，掌握文章大意、结构，以及作者和专家等的观点。 第二步：总结文章中词汇使用的准确性、形象性、多样性和感情色彩及语气，复合词的使用，总结各类重要搭配，对各类重要词汇进行扩展，正确识别代词与抽象名词的指代，并记忆和运用可以在作文中使用的词汇。 1.从文章中词汇使用的准确性、形象性、多样性和感情色彩及语气角度，复合词的使用进行总结。
考研英语：阅读理解之八大考点 考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料，考生应能： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，共20小题，每小题2分，共40分 一、
1.提问方式： 1)直接提问(Main idea型) ?The text intends to express the idea that. . . ?We can draw a conclusion from the text that. . . ?What is the passage mainly about? ?The passage is mainly. ?From the passage we learn that. . . ?The passage is mainly about. . . ?he key point of the passage is that. . . ?This passage mainly deals with. . . ?The main point the author makes in the passage is. ?What does this passage mainly discuss? ?The general/ main/ central idea of the passage is. ?The passage is primarily concerned with. . . 2)给文章定标题 The best title for the text may be. . . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?' A best title for the passage could be. A best title for the passage might be. This passage can be entitled. . . 3)提问写作目的( Purpose型) ?The article is written to explain. ?The purpose of the passage is. ?This passage is intended to… 2.解题技巧： 1) ①.重点读文章的首段开头部分，如果文章中有这样的主旨句， 那么再看四个选择项，如其中一项所含的信息同主旨句中的信息相似，该项即为正确答案 ②.重点读各段的开头和结尾，四个选项中能涵盖文章各段内容的一项， 就是正确答案
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work