全新版大学英语综合教程第三册单词
第一单元
get by 过得去
frustration 挫折；令人失望suburban 郊区的
suburb 郊区
contentment 满足
honey 蜂蜜
make it 成功
canoe 独木木舟
sunset 日落(n)
sunrise 日出(n)
hawk 鹰
cornfield 玉米田
haul (用马车，卡车)搬运firewood 木柴
sled 雪橇
retile 重新用瓦盖
longoverdue
overdue 早该有的；早该发生的improvement 改进
supplement 补充；增加
indoor 室内的
spray 喷；洒
orchard 果园
barn 谷仓
chick 小鸡
typewriter 打字机
freelance 自由撰稿人
pursue 努力去获得，追求household 家庭的；普通的；家庭oversee 看管
beehive 蜂窝
organ 风琴；器官
stack 一堆
wicked 邪恶的；坏的
overflow 溢出；泛滥
swamp 淹没；压倒
freezer 冰柜
cherry 樱桃
raspberry 悬钩子；树莓asparagus 芦笋
bean 豆；豆形果实
canned-goods 罐装品
cupboard 食橱；碗橱
plum 李子；梅子
jelly 果子冻
squash 南瓜属植物
pumpkin 南瓜
gallon 加仑
at that point 就在那时
decidedly 肯定地；无疑地
blessing 祝福
bless 为……祝福
on balance 总的来说
den 兽穴
illustrate 举例说明
hitch 用-具套住
dogsled 狗拉雪橇
monster 怪物；妖怪
digest 文摘；摘要
boundary 边界；分界线
widerness 荒野；荒地
generate 形成；产生
dental 牙的；和牙有关的
insurance 保险；保险费
policy 保险单；保险契约
pick up 付（帐）
minor 较少的；较小的
premium 保险费；奖金；奖品
aside from 除了
cut back 减少；削减
appreciably 能够感到地，可观的lower 降低；减少
dine out 外出吃饭
patronize 光顾；惠顾
ballet 芭蕾舞
extravagant 奢侈的；浪费的suspect 怀疑
solitude 孤独
budget 预算
requirement 要求，必要条件
scale 规模
on a small /large scale 小规模地resist 抵制
temptation 诱惑（n)
device 设备，装置
machinery 机器，机械
horsepower 马力
rotary 旋转的
cultivator 耕耘机
rotary cultivator 旋转式耕耘机
profit 利润(n&&v)
invest 投资
primarily 主要地；起初
第二单元
slender 苗条的；细长的
settlement 新拓居地；
confident 有信心的；确信的
give up 放弃
creator 造物主，上帝
devotion 深爱的，挚爱
cabin 小棚屋
ironically 具有讽刺意味的是
symbolize 象征，标志
racial 种族的
sellout 背叛者；背叛
unwilling 不愿意的；勉强的
stand up (for) 支持
historic 历史上有名或有重要意义的
site 地方，位置，遗址
slavery 受奴役的状态；奴隶制
mission 特殊使命，任务
courageous 勇敢的，无畏的
forge 建立，伪造
forge a signature 伪造签名
underground 秘密的；地下的
web 网状物；网状组织
liberate 解放
authorize 批准，委托
civil-rights 民权的
civil 公民的
exploit 功绩，业绩
unsung 未赞颂过的
intent 坚决的
be intent on(sth./doing sth) 热中于，坚决要做pistol 手枪
decade 十年
foundry 铸造车间，铸造厂
on the side 作为兼职；秘密地
capture 抓捕；捕获
chilly 冷的，寒飕飕的
fugitive 逃亡者
watchman 看守人；警卫员helplessly 无能为力地
pursuer 追赶者；追捕者
close in (on/around) 接近；包围hurriedly 仓促地
wagon 四轮运货马车
painful 疼痛的
religious 宗教的
conviction 坚定的看法或信仰Quaker 公谊会教徒
Bible 《圣经》
clothe 给……衣服
naked 裸体的，赤条条的
converge 会合；集中
terminal 终点，终端机magistrate 地方行政长官；执法官impose 把……强加于
jail 监狱
imprison (vt) 关押；监禁
stripe 鞭打；抽打
as for 至于
cake 覆盖
powder 粉；粉末
bonnet 女帽
veil 面纱
transport 运输
runaway 逃跑的（人）、
disguise 伪装，假扮
funeral 葬礼；丧失
procession 行列；队伍
abolish 废除
virgin 未开发的
harshly 严厉地，苛刻的
diligently 勤奋地
compel 强迫，强求
plantation 种植园
salvation 拯救；
pass for 被当作
第三单元
latch 门闩
on the latch 门关着但没有上锁
close up 关闭
rural 农村
vulnerable 易受攻击的；无防御的
well-patroled 巡查严密的
urban 城市的
statistics 统计；统计资料
dramatically (vd)显著地；戏剧性地
allegedly (vd)据称
tranquil 宁静的
era 纪元
dead-bolt 防盗门
electronic 电子的
hook up to 连接到
patio 露台，平台
elegantly 优雅地，高雅地
build in 使成为建筑物的一部分
pry 撬开，撬动
premise (n)房屋，假设，前提
surveillance (n)监视
feature 给……以显著地位，突出；由……主演padlock 挂锁；扣锁
psychic 精神的；心灵的；心理的
transformation (n)改变，转变
put up 建造，设置
barrier (n)障碍
barricade (vt)在……设置路障
wander (vi)漫游，闲逛，徘徊
X-ray
terrorist 恐怖分子
terror (n)恐怖
hold/keep sb. at bay 不让……逼近
frisker 搜身器
without/with not so much as 甚至连……都没……sideways 斜着（的），斜向一边（的）
stand for 代表
be bathed in 沉浸于
analyze 分析
with/by a small/large margin 小/大幅度地
error 错误
insecure 不安全的
secure 安全的，可靠的
civilize 开化，使文明
reflection 有损声誉的事，思考；反映
puzzling 令人困惑的
housewife 家庭主妇
rape 强奸
whistle 哨子
self-protection 自我保护outsmart (vt)比……精明；智胜outsmart oneself 聪明反被聪明误evil (n)邪恶
legacy (n)遗产
look back on 回顾
第四单元
watery 潮湿的
extraterrestrial 外星人；pessimist 悲观主义者
pessimistic 悲观的
crisscross 交叉往返于
on account of 由于
sheriff 行政司法长官；县治安官deputy 副职；副手
work up 准备；整理
ranch 大农场
pension 退职金；养老金；disable 使残废
veteran 退伍军人；富有经验的complicated 复杂的；难解的；taxman 税务员
approachable 平易近人的；亲切的saucer 碟状物；飞碟；茶碟
knock off 下班
hit the sack 睡觉
curse 诅咒；咒骂
go over 核对；研究
column 列；栏；专栏；柱
rocket 火箭
bug 张大；使突出；虫子；故障complexion 面色；肤色
apiece 每人
observation 观察，观测
locality 地点；位置
isolate 使隔离；使孤立
adopt 采用；收养
mode 方式；模式；
appearance 外貌
go for 喜欢
blink 闪烁
regardless of 不顾
nationality 国籍；民族
at sb's service
arrangement 安排
organization 组织；机构；团体
supreme 最高的；极度的
come around 拜访
hell 见鬼；该死；地狱；苦境
leave alone 不打扰；听其自然
garbage 废话；垃圾；
heave 举起；升起
wit 智力；才智
make like 假装；装扮作
knock down 撞倒；拆毁
catch sight of 一眼看见；瞥见
shiny 有光泽的；闪耀的，
fade out 逐渐消失
Venusian 金星人
dope 笨蛋
第五单元
coastguardsman 海岸警卫员
under way 航行中；工作中
carton 硬纸盒，纸板箱
bomb 炸弹
pad 用软的材料衬垫
rack 炮弹架
ashore 在岸上
traditional 传统的
turkey 火鸡
put away 放好
sundown 日落时分
afterdeck 后甲板
draught 气流
get to sth./doing sth. 开始认真思考，做cob 玉米；穗轴
and the rest 等等
quest 寻求
in quest of 寻求
reverse 反转
verbal 口头的；动词
turn over 考虑；思考
brighten 变亮
repay 偿还
sincere 诚挚的
lastingly 长久地
gratitude 感激
statement 陈述
heartfelt 衷心的；
appreciation 感谢
agricultural 农业的；农艺的
mechanical 机械的；机械学的
hometown 故乡；
at sea 在海上航行
specific 明确的；
behalf 利益
on sb.'s behalf
on behalf of sb. 为了的利益；代表(某人）instance 实例
uppermost 最高的
impress 使重视
boyhood 少年时代
quiz 测验
diminish 变小；减少
expose 暴露
be exposed to 暴露于；与……接触immerse 使沉浸在
be immersed in 沉浸在
awareness 察觉
marvelous 不可思议的；美妙的
prayer 祈祷
assemble 集合；装配
considerate 体贴的
sprinkle 洒
stardust 梦幻
unload 将货物卸下
cargo 货物
reload 再装
recede 退去；变得模糊
rendezvous 会合
accord 使符合
topmost 最高的
loudspeaker 喇叭
rasp 发出；锉，刮
hundred-odd 一百多个
odd 稍多于；单数的
shipmate 同船水手；
deck 甲板
cluster 群；簇
seaman 海员，水手
bulge 鼓胀
fistful 一把
bark 吠叫
successive 连续的；
in turn 挨个地；
amid 在……当中
humble 使谦卑；
undergo 经过；
swift 迅疾的即时的reassurance 放心；确信appreciate 赏识；重视
bring back 回想起
in a flash 一瞬间
weep 流泪；
diaper 尿布；
being 生命；人
go about 表现；忙于；着手
in secret 秘密地；
quote 引用；引述
mightily 在很大程度上；非常paramout 最主要的；stationery 信纸信封；文具
第六单元
brink 砖
studio 画室；照相室；工作室chicory 菊苣
salad 生菜；色拉
bishop 主教
sleeve 衣袖
bishop sleeve 灯笼袖
in tune 和谐的
joint 共同的；共有的pneumonia 肺炎
stalk 潜行；偷偷接近
here and there 各处
icy 极冷的
victim 牺牲者；受害的人scarcely 几乎没有；几乎不
scarce 不充足的；难得的hallway 门厅；过道
bushy 密生的；丛生的
eyebrow 眉毛
bosh 胡说；无意义的话carriage 载人的马车
subtract 减去；扣除
curative 能治病的
merry 愉快的
bedclothes 床上用品
backward 倒着
bare 裸露的
dreary 沉闷的；阴沉的
ivy 常春藤
vine 藤
in a whisper 低声地
nonsense 废话
turn loose 放手；放纵
miner 矿工
painter 画家
beard 胡须
look the part 看上去很像
gin 杜松子酒
to excess 过度
masterpiece 杰作；代表作fragile 易碎的；虚弱的
for the rest 至于其它
fierce 凶猛的；愤怒的
mock 嘲弄；取笑
softness 软弱；意志不坚定dimly 暗淡地，模糊不清的canvas 画布
easel 画架
fancy 幻想；胡思乱想
stream 流
hear of 听说
persistent 持续的；一再发生的mingle 混合
upturned 翻转的；倒着放的kettle 烧水用的壶
pull up 拉起
wearily 疲倦地；劳累地
lo 看，瞧
stand out 显著
wear away 流逝；磨损twilight 暮色；黄昏
lone 孤独的
cling 抓紧
cling to 紧紧抓住merciless 无慈悲心的
call to 呼唤
gas 煤气
stove 火炉
sin 罪孽；罪过
hand-mirror 带手柄的小镜子pillow 枕头
sit up 坐起来
acute 急性的；严重的
be wet through 湿透的lantern 灯笼
palette 调色板
flutter 飘动，晃动
第七单元
salesman 推销员
linger 留恋徘徊，磨蹭weatherman 气象报告员surgeon 外科医生
scar 伤疤
feel like 想要
battlefield 战场
dignity 尊严
cripple 使跛的，受伤致残betray 背叛
gain on 逼近
tremble 颤抖
slacks 宽松裤
tan 棕褐色的
entryway 入口
entry n.进入；入口briefcase 公文包
kick up 踢起；扬起
tilt （使）倾斜
lean 屈身，倾斜
brochure 小册子
clip-op 用夹子夹牢
clip 夹子，别针
delivery 分娩；投递
section 部分
cerebral 脑的
palsy 麻痹，瘫痪
cerebral palsy 大脑性麻痹disorder 失调；混乱
transfer 调动，转移
limitation 缺陷；局限
apply for 申请
Co. 公司
representative 代表
literature 宣传资料
pledge 保证，许诺
tetail 零售
transit 通行；过境
mall 购物中心
strain 损伤；使劳损
joint 关节
useless 无用的；无效的
limb 肢；树枝
waist 腰
off balance 不平衡
toddler 学步儿童
shoeshine n.擦皮鞋
lace 花边；鞋带
territory 活动范围；领土
on the phone 在打电话
spice 调料
register 注意到，登记，发生效力laundry 洗好的衣服
profitable 有利可图的
off one's feet 躺着；坐着
VCR 录像机
antenna 天线
solitary 单独的，孤独的
oven 烤箱
commission 佣金，回扣
surgery 外科手术
be laid up (with) 卧床休养checkbook 支票簿
recipient 接受人
signature 签名
scrawl 潦草地写
unreadable 枯燥的，无法读的lash 鞭打；猛烈打击
in time 及时，最终
go off 停止
第八章
clone n.克隆
lamb 羊羔
balding 开始秃顶的
bald 秃顶的
embryologist 胚胎学家
pregnancy n.怀孕（期）
give birth to 生孩子，产生champagne 香槟酒
veterinarian 兽医
for all the world 在各人方面；完全dot n.点 vt.散布于
creation 创造（物）
union 结合，联盟
sperm 精子
udder （牛羊等的）乳房
cell 细胞
fuse 融合，合并
gene 基因
take up 住进，栖居
residence n.居住
identical 一模一样的
genetically 遗传上
twin 双胞胎之一
beforehand ad.事先
oppose 反对
be opposed to 反对
theoretical 理论的
in principle 原则上
offensive 冒犯的，无礼的pragmatism 实用观点，实用主义compromise n.妥协
morally 道德上
plague 使痛苦
humanity 人类
potential 潜力
tolerate 容忍
ancient 古代的，古老的
vanity n.自负，虚荣
donor 捐赠人
catalog 目录
terrify 使恐惧
replica 复制品
lottery 抽签；碰巧的事normally 正常地，通常unpredictable 不可预测的mixture 混合物
brilliant 才华横溢的inherit 继承
purity 纯净，纯洁innocence n.清白，无害comment 评论
genius 天才
atomic 原子能的
let loose 释放
curiosity 好奇心
physicist 物理学家
atom 原子
multi-layered 多层次的reprogram 重新编程transplant 移植；移栽marrow 骨髓
leukemia 白血病
lash out at 猛击；严厉斥责immune 免疫的
merge 使融合
technician 技术员
protein 蛋白质
primitive 原始的
embryo 胚胎
start out 起初意图
grow into 长成
batch 一组
inconceivable 不可思议的conceive v.构想，设想kidney 肾
liver 肝脏
limitless 无限的hypothetical 假说的；
大学英语自学教程复习资料 第一部分Text A & 第二部分Text B 第一部分Text A 【课文译文】 怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者 决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。 因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。 选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。 选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。 在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其范围小到微乎其微，大到近乎无限。 决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解，最佳的选择就在于决策者了。常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利，而对上一级的部门来说，就不是较佳选择了。这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡，叫做局部优化。例如，市场营销经理为增加广告预算可能会讲得头头是道，但从更大的布局来看，增加优化产品的研究经费也许对组织更有利。
视频互动讲义四 课次: 英语二第4次视频互动教学 时间: 月日周三19:30-21:00 主题: 第七、八单元重点回顾，语法讲解，实战演练 主讲: 高伟老师 同学们，大家好！经过前三次的洗礼，你们对英语二教材中的重点知识点的回顾应该有一种感觉：在学习完精讲课件、背过教材中的单词和词组后，应该通过我的讲义对教材有一个更为深层的认识，似乎考点到处密布，要求我们掌握的东西越来越多。请大家冷静，不要烦躁----想通过英语二并非易事，但也绝非不可能。我们只要有信心，有毅力，我想任何考试都不是不可战胜的。 解惑： turn down：关小，拒绝 turn in：上缴，交出 turn into：变成 turn off/on：关掉/接通，打开 turn out：制造，生产，结果是 turn over：移交，翻过来 turn to：变成，借助于 turn up：出现，发生。 near与nearly：前者更多使用的是介词，表示“在附近，近”，后者更多为副词用法，表示“几乎，差不多”。另外，关注一下nearby。 devise与device：前者是动词，表示“想出，设计出”，后者名词，表示“办法，装置”。 drop与fall：两个都是动词，前者表示“失手落下”，后者表示“跌到，落下”。 decline表示“婉拒”，refuse表示“拒绝”，口气更为强烈。 一、第七单元重点内容的回顾
Text A 1.find----finding(s)：注意词性转换。 2.★be concerned with/about(As far as I’m concerned)：注意词组的固定用法。 3.★attach importance(oneself)to：注意词组的固定用法。 4.generally speaking：注意固定用法。 5.★in terms of：注意与by means of区别。 6.★carry out：注意词组搭配，同时注意与carry有关的所有词组。 7.★desire----★desirable----desired：注意词性转换并注意虚拟语气的使用。 8. ★take to：注意词组搭配，有关与take搭配的词组。 9.enjoy----enjoyment：注意词性转换。 10.★in a (great)variety of：注意词组固定搭配。 11.★It is...belief that：注意belief(fact, suggestion, doubt…)后面从句的连接词that。 12.put to good use：注意词组搭配。 13. impart… to：注意词组搭配。 14. it can be argued that…：注意句型，翻译常考。 15.relevant to：注意词组搭配。 16.leader----leadership：注意词性的转换。 17. set… as objective：注意词组搭配。 18.the attainment of a balanced development of the person：注意中文翻译的准确性。 Text B 1.★get through：注意有关get词组应记牢。 2.look ahead to：注意词组搭配。 3.★run out(of)：注意词组含义及搭配。 4.allocate for(to)：注意词组含义。 5.★adjust(to)----adjustment(to)：注意词性的转换。
第一单元 get by 过得去frustration 挫折；令人失望 suburban 郊区的suburb 郊区contentment 满足honey 蜂蜜 make it 成功 canoe 独木木舟sunset 日落(n) sunrise 日出(n) hawk 鹰 cornfield 玉米田haul (用马车，卡车)搬运 firewood 木柴 sled 雪橇 retile 重新用瓦盖longoverdue overdue 早该有的；早该发生的improvement 改进supplement 补充；增加indoor 室内的 spray 喷；洒 orchard 果园 barn 谷仓 chick 小鸡typewriter 打字机freelance 自由撰稿人pursue 努力去获得，追求 household 家庭的；普通的；家庭 oversee 看管beehive 蜂窝 organ 风琴；器官stack 一堆 wicked 邪恶的；坏的overflow 溢出；泛滥swamp 淹没；压倒freezer 冰柜cherry 樱桃 raspberry 悬钩子；树 莓 asparagus 芦笋 bean 豆；豆形果实 canned-goods 罐装品 cupboard 食橱；碗橱 plum 李子；梅子 jelly 果子冻 squash 南瓜属植物 pumpkin 南瓜 gallon 加仑 at that point 就在那 时 decidedly 肯定地；无 疑地 blessing 祝福 bless 为……祝福 on balance 总的来说 den 兽穴 illustrate 举例说明 hitch 用-具套住 dogsled 狗拉雪橇 monster 怪物；妖怪 digest 文摘；摘要 boundary 边界；分界 线 widerness 荒野；荒地 generate 形成；产生 dental 牙的；和牙有关 的 insurance 保险；保险 费 policy 保险单；保险契 约 pick up 付（帐） minor 较少的；较小的 premium 保险费；奖 金；奖品 aside from 除了 cut back 减少；削减 appreciably 能够感到 地，可观的 lower 降低；减少 dine out 外出吃饭 patronize 光顾；惠顾 ballet 芭蕾舞 extravagant 奢侈的； 浪费的 suspect 怀疑 solitude 孤独 budget 预算 requirement 要求， 必要条件 scale 规模 on a small /large scale 小规模地 resist 抵制 temptation 诱惑（n) device 设备，装置 machinery 机器，机械 horsepower 马力 rotary 旋转的 cultivator 耕耘机 rotary cultivator 旋 转式耕耘机 profit 利润(n&&v) invest 投资 primarily 主要地；起 初 第二单元 slender 苗条的；细长的 settlement 新拓居地； confident 有信心的；确 信的 give up 放弃 creator 造物主，上帝 devotion 深爱的，挚爱 cabin 小棚屋 ironically 具有讽刺意 味的是 symbolize 象征，标志 racial 种族的 sellout 背叛者；背叛 unwilling 不愿意的； 勉强的 stand up (for) 支持
大学英语自学教程(上) 01-A. How to be a successful language learner? “Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!” Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as much as you can in the new language.”“Practice speaking the language every day. ”“Live with people who speak the language.”“Don’t translate-try to think in the new language.”“Learn as a child would learn; play with the language.” But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say
大学英语自学教程(上册) unit 23 非言语交际 23-A. Non-verbal Communication If anyone asked you what were the main means of communication between people, what would you say? That isn’t a catch question. The answer is simple and obvious. It would almost certainly refer to means of communication that involve the use of words. Speakers and listeners-oral communication, and writers and readers-written communication. And you’d be quite right. There is, however, another form of communication which we all use most of the time, usually without knowing it. This is sometimes called body language. Its more technical name is non-verbal communication. Non-verbal, because it does not involve the use of words. NVC for short. When someone is saying something with which he agrees, the average European will smile and nod approval. On the other hand, if you disagree with what they are saying, you may frown and shake your head. In this way you signal your reactions, and communicate them to the speaker without saying a word. I referred a moment ago to "the average European”, because body language is very much tied to culture, and in order not to misunderstand, or not to be misunderstood, you must realize this. A smiling Chinese, for instance, may not be approving but somewhat embarrassed. Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC, which is obviously important, for instance, to managers, who have to deal every day with their staff, and have to understand what other people are feeling if they are to create good working conditions. Body language, or NVC signals, are sometimes categorized into five kinds: 1.body and facial gestures; 2.eye contact; 3.body contact or "proximity"; 4.clothing and physical appearance; and 5.the quality of speech. I expect you understood all those, except perhaps "proximity." This simply means "closeness". In some cultures-and I am sure this is a cultural feature and not an individual one-it is quite normal for people to stand close together, or to more or less thrust their face into yours when they are talking to you. In other cultures, this is disliked; Americans, for instance, talk about invasion of their space. Some signals are probably common to all of us. If a public speaker (like a professor, for example) is all the time fiddling with a pencil, or with his glasses, while he is talking to you, he is telling you quite clearly that he is nervous. A person who holds a hand over his mouth when he is talking is signaling that he is lacking in confidence. If you start wriggling in your chairs, looking secretly at your watches or yawning behind your hands, I shall soon get the message that I’m boring you. And so on. I'm sure you could make a whole list of such signals-and it might be fun if you did. All the signals I have mentioned so far can be controlled. If you are aware that you are doing these things, you can stop. You can even learn to give false signals. Most public speakers are in fact nervous, but a good speaker learns to hide this by giving off signals of confidence. Other kinds of NVC are not so easy to control. Eye contact, for instance. Unless you are confessing intense love, you hardly ever look into someone else’s eyes for very long. If you try it, you’ll find they will soon away, probably in embarrassment.
综合教程第三册 Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live 1. get by:be good enough but not very good; manage to live or do things in a satisfactory way过得去，尚可 It is a little bit difficult for the old couple to get by on such a small pension. 2. just about: almost 几乎 It’s just about the worst mistake anyone could make. 3. haul: vt.transport, as with a truck, cart, etc.（用卡车、马车等）搬运 The rescue team hauled medical supplies and food to the flooded villages. 救援队把药品和食物运到被淹的村庄。Rescue workers hauled passengers out of the crashed train. 3. improvement：n. the act or an instance of improving or being improved.改进，改善The improvement in the job market in the past few years has been remarkable. 4. supplement. n. sth. add to sth. in order to improve it (followed by with) 补充，增补 Peter does occasional freelance work to supplement his income. 医生建议在我们的饮食中增加维他命E 和A. The doctor suggested supplementing my diet with vitamins E and A. 5.indoor a.situated or used inside a building室内的 Tobacco smoke is considered as an indoor pollutant. 6. pursue: vt. Strive to gain or accomplish 努力去获得（或完成）；追求; 追逐；追踪 People earn a living during the day and pursue vocational and intellectual interests in their spare time. The police are pursuing an escaped prisoner. 7. wicked:evil or bad邪恶的，坏的 We are all born good, but can be taught to be wicked. 8.get through:come successfully to the end通过，度过 She got through the entrance examination and was accepted by the college. 9. at that point: at that very moment; right then就在那时 The train was now only a couple of yards from the kids on the track. At that point, Anthony threw himself forward and pulled them clear. 10. on balance: with all things considered 总的来说 I think, on balance, I prefer the new operating system. 我想，总的来说我更喜欢新的操作系统。 11. illustrate: vt.provide with visual features; clarify by use of examples, etc. 加插图于；举例说明 Let me use another example to illustrate this difficult point. 12.digest: 1) n. a short account of written materials or data文摘，摘要 Reader’s Digest is a popular magazine in the US. 2) v: change sth. into a form that the body can use;think about sth. carefully and understand it消化；融会贯通 Mary can’t digest fat.玛丽吃肥肉不消化。 It often takes long time to digest new ideas.吸收新思想往往需要很长时间。 13.generate: vt.bring into existence; produce 形成，产生 When coal burns, it generates heat.煤燃烧时，产生热量。 14.insurance:n.guarantee of compensation for loss, damage, sickness, death, etc. in return for regular payment 保险；保险费 Does your insurance cover damage by flooding? Our firm carries fire insurance. 15. minor: a. lesser or smaller in amount or importance, etc.较少的，较小的，次要的 They only encountered minor problems in their first space flight. 16. premium:n. a sum of money paid regularly to an insurance company to protect sb. against some risk of loss or damage 保险费；奖金，奖品 He is complaining that car insurance premiums have increased too much this year. 他抱怨说，今年汽车保险费增加得太多。
《大学英语自学教程》（上册）课后习题答案 Unit 1 Text A Exercises for the Text I. 1.d 2.a 3.c 4.d 5.d II. 1.task 2.intelligent 3.research 4.clue 5.conclusion 6.repeat https://www.doczj.com/doc/fc16590447.html,municate 8.purpose 9.probably 10.outline III. 1.Instead of 2.therefore 3.more...than 4.even 5.First of all 6.because 7.on the other hand 8.finally 9.looking for 10.Conversely IV. 1.Research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. https://www.doczj.com/doc/fc16590447.html,nguage learning is active learning.Therefore,successful learners should look for e very chance to use the language. https://www.doczj.com/doc/fc16590447.html,nguage learning should be active,independent and purposeful. 4.Learning a language is different from learning maths. 5.The teacher often imparts successfull language learning experiences to us. Vocabulary Exercises I. 1.a.success b.successful c.successfully 2.a.indepence b.depend c.dependent 3.a.covered b.uncover c.discovered 4.a.purposeful b .purposefully c.purpose II. 1.inexact 2.technique 3.outlined https://www.doczj.com/doc/fc16590447.html,municate 5.regularly
大学英语自学教程电子版教材上册大学英语自学教程(上) 01-A. How to be a successful language learner? ―Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!‖ Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as much as you can in the new language.”“ Practice speaking the language every day. ”“Live with people who speak the language.”“Don‘t translate-try to think in the new language.”“ Learn as a child would learn; play with the language.” But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.
。全新版大学英语综合教程第三册单词 第一单元 get by 过得去 frustration 挫折；令人失望suburban 郊区的 suburb 郊区 contentment 满足 honey 蜂蜜 make it 成功 canoe 独木木舟 sunset 日落(n) sunrise 日出(n) hawk 鹰 cornfield 玉米田 haul (用马车，卡车)搬运firewood 木柴 sled 雪橇 retile 重新用瓦盖longoverdue overdue 早该有的；早该发生的improvement 改进supplement 补充；增加 indoor 室内的 spray 喷；洒 orchard 果园 barn 谷仓 chick 小鸡 typewriter 打字机 freelance 自由撰稿人 pursue 努力去获得，追求household 家庭的；普通的；家庭oversee 看管 beehive 蜂窝 organ 风琴；器官 stack 一堆 wicked 邪恶的；坏的overflow 溢出；泛滥 swamp 淹没；压倒 freezer 冰柜 cherry 樱桃
。 raspberry 悬钩子；树莓asparagus 芦笋 bean 豆；豆形果实canned-goods 罐装品cupboard 食橱；碗橱plum 李子；梅子 jelly 果子冻 squash 南瓜属植物pumpkin 南瓜 gallon 加仑 at that point 就在那时decidedly 肯定地；无疑地blessing 祝福 bless 为……祝福 on balance 总的来说den 兽穴 illustrate 举例说明 hitch 用-具套住 dogsled 狗拉雪橇monster 怪物；妖怪digest 文摘；摘要boundary 边界；分界线widerness 荒野；荒地generate 形成；产生 dental 牙的；和牙有关的insurance 保险；保险费 policy 保险单；保险契约 pick up 付（帐） minor 较少的；较小的premium 保险费；奖金；奖品aside from 除了 cut back 减少；削减appreciably 能够感到地，可观的lower 降低；减少 dine out 外出吃饭 patronize 光顾；惠顾 ballet 芭蕾舞 extravagant 奢侈的；浪费的suspect 怀疑 solitude 孤独 budget 预算 requirement 要求，必要条件scale 规模 on a small /large scale 小规模地
The second lecture of College English Hi, everyone! Are you satisfied with the first lecture? Today we’ll continue to learn unit one. Ⅰ.Review something in lecture one: A. Useful phrases: 1.disagree with …(与…意见有分歧)； 2.hundreds of(成百的)； 3. be different from…(与…不同)； 4. succeed in sth…(成功的做某事)； 5. as much as you can(尽可能的多)； 6. practice doing sth(练习做某事)； 7. try to do…(试图做某事)； 8. be similar in sth…(在某些方面是相似的)； 9. first of all(首先)；10. depend on(依靠、依赖)；11. instead of sth/doing sth(不是某事或不是做某事)；12. wait sb to do…(等着某人去做某事)；13. learn from sth/sb(从某件事或从某人那儿学到…)；14. make a mistake(犯错误)；15. be afraid to do(害怕去做…)；16. be willing to do…(愿意去做…)；17. be interested in sth(对…感兴趣)；18. in order to(为了)；19. communicate with sb(同某人进行交流)； 20. on the other hand(另一方面)；21. might do well to do sth(不妨做某事)。 B. Some important words: 1.successful； 2. disagree； 3.statement； 4. guarantee； 5. intelligent； 6. conversely； 7. similar； 8. independent；9. conclusion；10. communicate；communication；11. purpose, purposefully；12. regularly；13. technique；14. outline. C. Key to part exercises: (from page 8 to 12) 一、课文练习： Ⅰ.d, a, c, d, d; Ⅱ. 1.task; 2.intelligent; 3.tudy; 4.clue; 5.conclusion; 6.repeat; https://www.doczj.com/doc/fc16590447.html,munication; 8.purpose; 9.probably; 10.outline Ⅲ. 1. Instead of; 2.therefore; 3. more…than; 4.even; 5.first of all; 6.because; 7.on the other hand; 8.finally; 9.looking for; 10.conversely Ⅳ.1.见课文； 2. Language learning is active learning. Learners should take advantage of every chance to use the language. 3. Language learning should be active, independent and purposeful. 4.见一讲作业。 5. The teachers often pass on their successful experience in language learning to us. 二、词汇练习： Ⅰ.1.2.4.见一讲词汇讲解部分； 3. cover: v 覆盖； uncover: v 揭开，为cover的反义词；discover: v 发现，同义词：find, 习题答案为：covered; uncover; discovered Ⅱ.1.inexact; 2.technique; 3.outlined; https://www.doczj.com/doc/fc16590447.html,municate; 5.regularly; 6.clue; 7.intelligent;
Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before