《通用学术英语》学术词汇集锦
P88-93学术词汇
Academic discipline 学科p. 88
Application 应用p. 89
Be characterized by 以…为特征，的特征是… p. 89
Various forms of 各种形式p. 89 different
Generate 产生produce p. 89
Bias =prejudice 偏见p. 89
Transferring move from one place to another转移p. 89
Notion=term=concept p. 90
Domains 域p. 90
(Directly) perceive(d) 察觉，理解，认知p. 90
For the sake of (argument) 为了便于讨论p. 90
Be composed of be made up of p. 90
Conceive 构思想象p. 90 imagine
Perceive—perception, our perception of reality 我们对现实的认识p. 90 Rummage ←search unsystematically and untidily through a mass p. 90 RAM—random access memory随机存取储存器p. 91
Dormant 静止的，休眠的←not active or growing but able to become active p. 91 Obtain ←get, p. 92获取
Apprehend←understand p. 92 理解
Cultivate←develop a particular quality or image, to plant 92 培育，培养p. 92 Persistence←determination 坚持，执意p. 92
Scrutiny ←examination 审视，仔细检查p. 92
Tangible –intangible 有形-无形；触摸-不可触摸p. 92
Enumerate ←to name, to list列举p. 92
P. 94-96 Reading Text 1
Practically ←nearly
Retrieve—retrieval, to bring or get something back
Access ← use, reach，obtain 成功获取
Comprehend← understand理解
Perish ←die
Retain ←keep 持有，保留
Subsequently ←later 接着
Realm ←area领域
Enhance←increase or improve
Paradigm ←a typical example范例范畴
Principal ←main 主要的
Interdisciplinary跨学科的，多学科的
Encode—storage-retrieval/recall 编码，储存，取回/回忆
Intend ←want, plan
Accurate—inaccurate
Generally accepted 普遍接受
Identify ←find, recognize
Initial ←first
Momentary: lasting for a very short time
Linger: continue to exist
Briefly
Persistence—persist 存留，保持
Less thoroughly studied 研究不太深入
Conduct ←do
Erase: remove something completely
Vanish←disappear
Estimate←guess
Proportion ←part
Is believed to rely mostly on
Generally broken down into/ generally have
By contrast
Attempt to
Capture
p. 99-100 Text 2
arguably可以说
well-elaborated 详尽的
empirically supported实证支持的，得到经验事实的证实component←part
in concert （保持）一致
approximately←about
prior to ←before
currently←now
accomplish←finish
deem←believe
typically
consequently←as a result, therefore
permanently←forever
perform a task
by contrast
expound←explain
considerably←much, a lot
reason from 根据…进行推论
transfer from…
accrue: gradually increases over a period of time
account for ←explain account-explanation
vanishingly：so as to disappear or approach zero难以察觉的，趋于零的
Unit 5
P. 116
Detection ← detect
Markedly decline = significantly decline显著下降
Substantial losses 实质损失
Consequent-consequently
Generally
Remnant—a small piece or amount of something that is left
Fragment—break into small pieces or parts
In the light of 鉴于
Crucial← important
Generally provided
Obtain←get
Assessment –assess compare with access
Consequences
Exclusion—exclude
Model-to create a copy of an activity
Indicator—indicate
Stability –stable
Solely—only
Validate-to prove that sth. Is true
Surrogates替代
Delineate←describe
Utilization-the act of using
Markedly improve
Suboptimal-not optimal
Being prone to←tend to, be likely to
p.118
characteristic feature=distinctive feature
with respect to 关于(formal) concerning something e.g. With respect to your inquiry, I enclose an explanatory leaflet. Parents often have little choice with respect to the way their
child is medically treated.
In relation to 与,..有关
Their story also points out the importance of considering cost in relation to value.
他们的案例也表明了价值和成本的关系的重要性。
Frame of reference 参照系；坐标系统
Reference to 提及←refer to
Cyclic wing beat—cycles of wing beat--wing beat cycles
Experimentally controlled changes ←noun phrase
Stereotypic—stereotype 陈规旧习，固定的形式
Aspect-- a particular part or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem; e.g. The most important
aspect of the debate
Detailed analysis
The existence of unsteady effects-- nominalization
P. 121 Wetlands
ecosystem 生态系统eco- eco-friendly环保的
scheme--a plan or system for doing or organizing sth 计划；方案；体系；体制
multitude<-- many
stabilize--to make sth. stable
ameliorate--to make something better 改善
cleanse --to make something completely clean
* aquifer 净水层
biodiversity the variety of plants and animals in a particular place
生物多样性e.g. the biodiversity of the rainforest
** flora and fauna 植物群和动物群
The values of sth. are now recognized worldwide...
conservation --conserve
**drain, ditch and fill 排水、开沟、填充
undertake-undertaken <-- start doing carry out 从事、承担
cause celebre --an incident that attracts great public attention轰动或重要的事件
dismantle<-- take sth apart 拆卸
aspire (to sth or to do sth.) to have a strong desire to achieve or to become sth 渴望（成就）；有志（成为
p. 125-127 The value of wetlands: importance of scale and landscape setting
abstruse <--complicated, difficult
perceive--perception 察觉到，察觉
optimize --to make sth. as good as it can be充分利用
at the expense of 以...为代价
accrue to 归于gradually increase over a period of time 逐渐产生，积累
at large整个的，逍遥法外的
work in concert协调一致
compensation补偿
controversial--causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement
scarcity --scarce 贫乏, not enough
conversion-convert <-- change 比较converse，conservation, conserve,
alternative-alternate---a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities unsustainable –sustain 维持maintain/support
deplete 耗尽←use up
irreversible =not reversible --that cannot be changed back to what it was before
assign 分配<--to give
estimates n.
attribute n. <--quality, feature attribute v. 把…归因于；认为…是
subsistence 生存，存在
intact完整的，未受损伤的←not damaged, not spoiled
ascribe 归因于
Unit 7
p.178
neglect=ignore—do not pay attention to
profile=write about
scant=not enough
noteworthy=worthy of notice
provide an excellent overview of
relate to
is relevant to
primary emphasis
Reporting verbs
p. 182-183
assert声称--assertion
argue
focus on
suggest
demonstrate
explore
propose
p. 184
find
indicate
p.182
contentions=argument
provocative – stimulating discussion or exciting controversy引起争议的v. provoke encompass =include
prior-earlier in time
dissonance←disagreement 不一致，冲突
manipulation 操纵manipulate
consistency-consistent一贯性
explore
overlook忽视
p. 184
put forth提出
capacity能力–ability; 容量
reshape—shape
extant research现存研究
have the potential to
foster-促进-to encourage sth. To develop
indicate
p. 186
predict-prediction
generate←produce
attribute to把…归因于
utilise (utilize)← use
be embedded in 嵌入
proposed method
classification –categorization
conclude-conclusion
affordable
complexity –complex
p. 187-188
have attracted considerable attention / considerable= a large amount of
In an attempt to试图，为了
Assumption假定-assume
Syntactical, phonological or lexical 句法，语音或者词汇
Linguistic difference 语言差异
Dominance优势，统治，支配
Pioneering work首创的、先驱的工作
Typically displayed a range of features
Demeaning position卑微的地位
Empirical research实证研究
Acquire-get, learn
Cooperative-cooperation
Inequality-equal, unequal
Subordinate-less important than something else Significant-significance
Mutually exclusive
By no means绝不
Hierarchical 等级体系的
Look specifically at …具体研究。。。
Inferior 比不上
Inherent内在的
Norm准则
Dimension方面
Provocative 煽动性的
Coverage 覆盖面
Practitioner 从业人员
ESP语汇整理 Unit7 单词 interactivity互动性 transformation转变（change） distrusting 不信任 alignment 结盟，调整 symptom症状 realm领域 acquisition获得，取得 twilight黄昏时分 ubiquitous无所不在的 instantaneous瞬间的 multimedia多媒体的 customization定做 potentially潜在的，可能的 reengage再次吸收，再次吸引 alienated感觉被疏远的 authenticity真实性 verification证实 dimensional维度的 regulatory管理的 converge聚合 convergence融合，趋同（coming together）merge融合，合并 millennium千年 interrelated相互影响的 volatility不稳定的，动摇的（unsteadiness）behemoth庞然大物，大公司 deregulation撤销管制规定 privatization私有化 spawn大量生产，酿成 unleash发泄（力量、感情） stabilize稳定 alignment调整 superpower超级大国 shareholder股东 emergence出现，浮现 crystallize使…具体化 analog（计算机）模拟的 upstream逆流的
capability能力 subscribe定制 connectivity联系 merger合并 domain域名 broadband宽带 paramount最重要的（chief concern）diversity多样性 inequitable不公平的 plague 给…带来麻烦 rather而非 namely即 subsequent 随后（following） ethical伦理的 gossip流言蜚语，八卦消息 词组 global information access全球信息访问multimedia content多媒体内容 extreme content customization极致的内容定制multinational corporate behemoths跨国企业巨头mergers and acquisitions兼并与收购 the penny press便士报纸 in the twilight of在…暮色中 an ever-escalating race不断升级的竞争 in the realm of在…领域 unavoidable curse不可避免的诅咒 undergo transformation经历转变presentthreat目前的威胁 applyrules应用规则 instantaneousreporting瞬时报道inequitableaccess不公平的 unleashforce释放力量 be exemplified by以…作为例证/来说明 a case in point例证 sound and fury大吵大闹 难句翻译
AWL Sublist 1 analyze[??n?laiz] vt.〈美〉分析, 分解, 解释 constitute[?k?nstitju:t] vt.构成, 组成建立, 制定选定, 任命 establish[is?t?bli?] vt.建立, 成立安置确定, 证实 indicate[?indikeit] vt.标示, 指示, 指出象征; 表明或暗示…的可能性 occur[??k?:] vi.发生; 举行; 存在被发现; 想到[起] role[r?ul] n.作用, 职责角色 approach[??pr?ut?] n.靠近, 接近, 临近通路, 入口, 途径方式, 方法vt.接洽, 交涉; 着手处理vt. & vi.接近, 走近, 靠近 context[?k?ntekst] n.背景, 环境上下文, 语境 estimate[?estimeit] n.估计, 估价报价判断vt. & vi.估计; 评价, 评估 individual[??ndi?vidju?l] adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的独特的n.个人人 percent[p??sent] n.百分比,百分数 section[?sek??n] n.章节部分部门, 科截面, 剖面地区, 区 area[???ri?] n.面积区域, 地区领域, 方面 contract[k?n?tr?kt] n.契约, 合同vt.缔结; 订契约vt. & vi.染上(恶习, 疾病等)缩小; 紧缩 evident[?evid?nt] adj.明显的, 明白的 interpret[in?t?:prit] vt.解释; 说明vt. & vi.口译; 翻译 period[?pi?ri?d] n.(一段)时间时期, 时代学时, 课时句号, 句点 sector[?sekt?] n.部门; 领域防御地区, 防卫区域扇形, 扇形面 assess[??ses] vt.估价, 估计评定, 核定 create[kri?eit] vt.创造, 创作, 创建引起, 产生 export[eks?p?:t] n.输出, 出口输出[出口]物vt. & vi.出口, 输出 involve[in?v?lv] vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果; 需要使参与, 牵涉 policy[?p?l?si] n.政策, 方针策略, 精明的行为, 上策保险单 significant[siɡ?nifik?nt] adj.重要的, 重大的, 可观的有意义的, 有用意的意味深长的assume[??sju:m] vt.假设, 臆断, 猜想假装承担, 担任, 就职呈现, 采取 data[?deit?] n.资料, 材料 factor[?f?kt?] n.因素, 要素〈数〉因子, 因数 issue[?isju:] n.问题, 议题; 争论点发行物放出, 流出; 发出, 发行〈正〉结果, 结局vi.冒出, 流出; 传出vt.出版, 发行发表, 发布分配, 发给 principle[?prins?pl] n.原则, 原理准则, 规范操守, 道义工作原理 similar[?simil?] adj.类似的; 同类的; 相似的; 同样的 authority[?:?θ?riti] n.权力, 职权官方, 当局权威, 专家 define[di?fain] vt.精确地解释; 界定规定, 确定 finance[fai?n?ns] n.财政, 金融财源, 资金, 财务情况vt.为…供给资金, 从事金融活动labour[?leib?] n.劳动, 努力; 工作劳工, 工人分娩, (分娩时的)阵痛vi.劳动; 努力艰难行进 proceed[pr??si:d] vi.前进; 行进进行; 继续下去 source[s?:s] n.河流的源头, 发源地来源, 出处原因提供资料者, 资料来源
学术综合英语1~5单元单词及重要词组总结（包含易考单词）=============UNIT1================ *sustain支撑，保持，撑住 craft手艺，工艺 *clutter凌乱，杂乱 simile明喻 *metaphor隐喻 *implicit不言明的，默认的，含蓄的 *rhythm节奏，节律 parallelism平行，对应，排比 alliteration头韵 antithesis对比，对偶 juxtaposition并列，并置 *assertion断言 bolster支持 testimony证明，证据 anecdote轶事 hypothetical假设的，假定的 textured具有特定结构或特征的 sparing节约的 credible可靠地 credentials可信任的证明 extemporaneously即兴的， impromptu无准备的 *unbiased公正，无偏见 *contrary to与。。。相反 *look up查找 *adapt to适应 *at hand在附近，在手边 hot air空话连篇 *in the course of在、、、、过程中 in passing附带地，顺便地 =============UNIT2================ detract贬低，减损，降低 dominant首要的，主要的，主导的 inadequacy缺乏，匮乏，不足 convert转化 deprivation缺失，匮乏 constancy不变，恒定 plausible貌似合理/可信的
staggering惊人的 unprecedented史无前例的 entail要求 mediocre二流的平庸的，劣质的elaborate复杂的 effluent工业废水 disruption有限，限定，限度 traverse穿行 magnitude程度 particulate微粒，颗粒 *consensus一致意见 concentration浓度 *liability不利因素 *menace威胁 *portend预示 pathogen病原体 *striking显著地 augment增加 emergence出现 *intractable难处理的 *massive巨大的 central重要的 *devastating毁灭性的 *aggravate恶化，加重，是恼火 *plausible貌似可信的 *entail使需要，承担 *triple三倍的 *intractable不听话的 *pose造成，形成 *staggering蹒跚 *emergence出现 *resurgence复活，再现，再起 *contribute to导致，引起，为。。。做贡献*center on集中于 *on a par with等同于 *pin down准确界定，确定 *detract from贬低 kindle点燃 revere尊敬
Academic Vocabulary Equipping yourself with the relevant academic vocabulary will give you a head start in your university studies. Especially if you’re a second language learner of English, studying in a foreign language can be very difficult and time-consuming. In order to do well, you may want to consider the following ways of learning academic vocabulary more effectively and relevantly. You will need: The General Service List. The GSL is a list of general and basic vocabulary of English used in order of frequency. It has been recognized and used quite extensively among second lan- guage learners of English for work and study. It was first created by West in 1953. The version used was then adapted by Baumann and Culligan in 1995. It contains almost 2,300 words. The GSL here is divided into smaller sublists. Sublist 1 has the first 500 words. Sublist 2 the next 500 words etc. For the complete word lists, refer to: https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff3392816.html,/~alzsh3/acvocab/wordlists.htm Subject-related Word List. This is a list of words which is specific to your discipline of studies, for example, finance, accounting, education and others. The index at the back of your textbook is generally the best guide to the terms, concepts that are widely used in the subject. The index is a valuable guide to understanding the key concepts and terms used in a subject. So make good use of the book index. You may also want to consult this site for some additional help and ideas. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff3392816.html,/vocab/select/selframs.htm The Academic World List. The AWL is first developed by and compiled by Averil Coxhead Victoria University of Wellingtown, New Zealand. The AWL contains 10 sublists that include 570 word families which appeared most frequently in academic texts. There are 60 words in each sublist 1-9, and 30 in Sublist 10. Sublist one consists of the 60 mostly frequently ap- peared words in the academic texts and sublist two consists of the next 60 word families and so on. The academic corpus contained approximately3,500,000 active vocabulary taken from a variety of texts used and read across the faculties, spanning over more than 25 subject areas. The complete Academic Word list of 570 root words and their word families can be conveniently found in https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff3392816.html,/vocab/select/awl.htm with a quick link to their the dictionary meanings. A note to mention is that the list here is arranged in alphabetical order and NOT by sublists. Nevertheless, this is a great site to learn the meanings of the AWL words.
提高英文科技论文写作能力应掌握的几个方面 随着国际学术交流的日益增多，英文科技论文的应用越来越广泛，如何书写正确、规范的英文科技论文引起学者们的关注。医刊汇编译指出，英文科技论文有其自身的结构特点和内容特点，其词法、句法、篇章、文体与中文科技论文或其他英文文体有着显著差异，这对英文科技论文的写作和编译提出了更高要求。 一、词法。单词的词法有单词的选择原则和方法。从原则和方法上说，主要是包括以下几点：一是准确，应区分同义词和近义词，注重词的本意，注意一词多义的现象，采用具体特定的词汇，避免俚语、方言、非标准英语，选择正式英语，慎用会引起性别歧视和其他歧视的用语；二是简单，避免赘词的使用，简化结构，不要使用冷僻的单词；三是必要，省略不重要或无意义的词，保留核心词汇；四是熟悉，单词的选择应规范和熟悉，专业性强的术语应该在第一次出现时做出解释，不要生造单词，不使用难懂的词，少用缩写词，不要使用不规范的缩写词。 二、句法。英文句子的句型有多种，句型的变换取决于谓语动词，谓语动词包括系动词、不及物动词和及物动词。根据谓语动词的特点，英文可有五个基本句型：一是主语+系动词+表语；二是主语+谓语动词+状语(状语可省略)；三是主语+谓语动词+宾语；四是主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语；五是主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。英语简单句一般是这五种句型，还有一些基本句型的衍生句型，熟练掌握谓语动词和这五种句型，对提高英语写作水平有很大帮助。作者平
时应该积累和学会一些关键性谓语动词的使用，以提高英语输出能力。 除了简单句(只包含一个主谓结构)，英语还有并列句、复合句、并列复合句的句式。并列句包含两个或两个以上独立的分句，分句之间由并列连词连接。复合句包含一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句。并列复合句是包含复合句的并列句。一般来说，良好句式的要素包括：统一性，一个句子的内容必须是一个完整的概念；完整性，主语、谓语作为基本成分不能缺失；连贯性，句中各部分间的关系应合乎逻辑；简洁性，措词简练、句法结构简单；多样性，句子的表达方式和结构应该灵活多样、句型变化丰富；效果性，通常涉及到修辞方法，如采用平行结构等。 三、段落篇章。段落篇章包括结构、逻辑流和发展方法。典型的段落结构包括主题句、支撑句、结尾句，主题句反映一段的主题，出于灵活性考虑，可放在段首、段中或段尾，放在段首较为常用，可使结构更清晰；支撑句的条理应清晰，包括若干句；结尾句应与主题句相互呼应，强化段落主题。典型的篇章结构包括引入段落、主体段、结尾段，引入段是论文的导言，点明文章的中心思想；主体段包括若干段落，段落间应层次分明、逐层展开；结尾段是对全文的归纳总结，可与引入段相互呼应。 逻辑流是论文内容的逻辑走向，基本上分为演绎式、归纳式和演绎归纳复合式。演绎式的逻辑走向是在论文中先陈述论点和结论，然后分别阐述、说明或论证，其形式为先总述后分述，即先合后开；归纳式的逻辑走向是在论文中先陈述事实和理由，然后归纳出结论，其
Job and Ability: Chinese College Student s’Interpersonal Communication 求职与能力：中国大学生的人际交往 Students: Ye Ying Rui Course: English for Academic Communication Date: December, 2015 Course Paper Grade 2014
Introduction What is learnt in the university? Besides knowledge, the most major one is the interpersonal communication ability; university students should train various kinds of ability, for instance: People skills, grasp information ability, learning ability etc... Among them the cultivation of interpersonal communication is particularly important, great teacher of the revolution Marx has ever said: People are the total of different social relationships, everybody does not exist in isolation, and he must have the problem: how to make these relations, how to improve life quality, these will involve social ability .As important as interpersonal skills in the job, company think a lot of integrative ability especially social ability when recruit college students. However, according to the survey there are 59% college students have difficulty in interpersonal communication, and hard to get a job. Part One the Study of Chinese College Students’Interpersonal Communication Ability In the recently many companies held a fair in colleges all over the country, some corporate director said that employees' communication ability is the power that more and more crucial for enterprise in market competition to win, so more weight is given to a candidate's emotional intelligence. In the face of recruitment conditions, more and more college students feel the importance of interpersonal skills. With a vocational adaptability of college students, according to a survey, 41.98% of students think interpersonal skills training is helpful education content to find work, significantly more than the professional ability training (14.9%), basic knowledge and skills training (17.5%), and the psychological quality education (17.5%), and other abilities. The answer by choosing a career you feel what is lack of quality particularly, chooses interpersonal skills of up to 34.8%, rankling in the back, respectively is analysis and problem solving skills (28.8%), hands-on skills (25.9%), basic knowledge and skill (4.6%). What’s the most helpful ability when you apply for a job?
Task 1 Keynote speaker n. 主讲人；大会发言人； Prospective[pr?u'spektiv] adj. 未来的；预期的n. 预期；展望 Ongoing adj. 不间断的，进行的；前进的 Bear vi. 承受；结果实vt.忍受；具有；支撑 Sincerity[s?n'ser?t?]n. 真实，诚挚 Attendees[?'t?n'di]n. 出席者；在场者 Letterhead n. 信头 Salutation['s?lj?'te??n] n. 称呼；问候；招呼；寒喧 Complimentary close[k?mpl?'ment(?)r?] n.结尾敬语，结尾客套语Enclosure[?n'kl????] n. 附件 Learning aids Full block format齐头式 Modified block format修改/正式齐头式 Intended[?n't?nd?d] adj. 缩排的，缩格书写的 Flush vt. 使齐平 Open punctuation['p??kt??'e??n]省略标点法；开放式标点 Respectively[r?'sp?kt?vli]adv. 分别地；各自地，独自地 Postcode n. （英）邮政编码；邮区号 Courtesy['k??t?s?]n. 礼貌；好意；恩惠 Professional title[pr?'f???nl] n. 职称；专业头衔 Business title 商号；商业头衔 Capitalized ['k?p?t?lɑ?zd] adj. 大写的 Cordial['k??d??l]adj. 热忱的，诚恳的；兴奋的 Ample['?mpl]adj. 丰富的；足够的；宽敞的 Account[?'ka?nt]n. 账户；解释；账单；vi. 解释；导致；报账 Invitee[,?nva?'ti]n. 被邀请者 Abbreviation[?'briv?'e??n]n. 缩写；缩写词 Accommodation[?,kɑm?'de??n]n. 住处，膳宿 Seminar ['s?m?nɑr] n. 讨论会，研讨班 R.S.V.P. abbr. （法）敬请赐覆（repondez s'ilvous plait） Tone n. 语气；色调；音调；音色 Terminology n. 术语，术语学；用辞 Chair a session 主持一个会议 Interchange vt.（指两人等）互换vi. 交换；n. 互换；立体交叉道 Panel n. 座谈小组，全体陪审员 Preparatory [pr?'p?r?t?ri]adj. 预备的n. 预科；预备学校 Symposium [s?m'poz??m]n. 讨论会，座谈会；专题论文集； Covered adj. 覆盖了的；隐蔽着的；有屋顶的 Reimburse [,ri?m'b?s]vt.偿还；赔偿 Subsidized adj. 补贴的，补助的 Subsistence allowance [s?b's?st?ns][?'la??ns]n. 预付给新进员工的钱；生活津贴
学术英语(管理类)单词 第一单元 free enterprise自由企业制度adversity不幸，逆境capitalistic 资本主义的compelling 令人信服的array 大群，大量stockholder 股东work force 劳动力prospective 可能的underestimat 低估dedication 奉献perseverance 坚忍mailable 可邮寄的cooperative 合作完成的on-demand 按要求的billionaire 亿万富翁 undercapitalization 资本不足convertible 敞篷汽车sander 打磨机vendor 卖家 stockbroker 股票经纪人personality 名人facet 一个方面 mutual fund 共同基金 oceanic evaporation 海洋蒸发business plan 经营策划customer service 顾客服务fraud 欺骗road map 指南transaction 交易 price-targeting strategy 区别定价战略pricing 定价 hassle 困难，麻烦 self-targeting 使自己成为目标prise 撬开 insensitive 不敏感的，反应迟钝的recipe 菜谱 make sth. of sb/sth. 利用（机遇） illuminating 使清楚易懂的 turn sth on its head使……与之前相反的premium 溢价 profitable 有利可图的chili 小红辣椒triple 使成三倍markup 涨价 whopping 巨大的crisp 薯片snack 吃零食 admittedly 确实，无可否认的irritated 生气的outwit 以智取胜 close substitutes 功能接近的替代品 business landscape 商业格局，商业环境competitive dynamics 竞争的态势social web 社交网站
《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来，最常用的有570个词目(headwords)，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。其中斜体字，analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。 Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List analyse analysed analyser analysers analyses analysing analysis analyst analysts analytic analytical analytically analyze analyzed analyzes analyzing approach approachable approached approaches approaching unapproachable area areas assess assessable assessed assesses assessing assessment economy economic economical economically economics economies economist economists uneconomical environment environmental environmentalist environmentalists environmentally environments establish disestablish disestablished disestablishes disestablishing disestablishment established establishes establishing establishment establishments estimate estimated estimates estimating legislate legislated legislates legislating legislation legislative legislator legislators legislature major majorities majority method methodical methodological methodologies methodology methods occur occurred occurrence occurrences occurring occurs reoccur reoccurred reoccurring reoccurs percent percentage
Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.
学术会议常用表达 1. 有关会议的一般信息 （1）名称 conference academic conference international conference symposium annual meeting/symposium/conference forum, international forum workshop （2）日期 dates/important dates/key dates （3）地点 location/venue conference location/venue （4）主题 issues/themes/(main)topics/scope of conference conference themes/topics topic of interests 2．论文征稿、提交与录用 call for abstract/proposal/paper paper deadline deadline for abstract/full paper/proposal submission submission deadline deadline extended date for mortification of acceptance Paper acceptance/rejection will be informed by…deadline for authors notification camera ready version deadline 3. 会议注册 deadline/closing date for registration registration form registration information registration fees and items official invitation letter payment telegraphic transfer only bank transfer bank draft/check 4. 会议进程及内容 conference schedule/program preliminary conference program final conference program opening ceremony/session keynote session/parallel session/tutorial session keynote speech oral presentation poster presentation tea/coffee break (buffet) lunch/(buffet)supper (welcome)banquet 5. 会议具体细节 opening introduction to speaker theme/paper presentation question and answer comment on speaker closing 6．学术会议的问答讨论环节口语 学术报告之后的问答讨论环节（Question and Answer Session）是同行之间交流的良好机
ESP语汇整理 Unit1 单词 implicit暗示的 incentive激励，动机 prospect预料 alter改变（change） commentary琐碎，不重要的 idle无用的，空闲的 crucial重要的 orchard果园 speculation推测，深思（guess） assert主张，声称 oppose反对 marginal边缘的 offbeat不落俗套的 formulate阐述 accordingly因此 resource资源，娱乐 scarce稀缺的 rational理性的 enormously庞大地 encounter遭遇，遇见（come across） yield生产，屈服（produce） induce诱导，说服（persuade） regarding关于（regarding） adverse不利的（bad） probability可能性（likelihood） inherently固有的（existing naturally）controversial有争议的 coherence一致性 merit应获得；价值 attentively留心地 carpool合伙租用汽车 objective目标 shade渐变的颜色 fast节食 incremental增加的 exceed超过 logic推理方法 allocate分配
standby可信赖的人或物，备用品；待命地congestion拥挤 resistance抵抗 extension延期，扩大 proposal申请 implement使…生效 revenue收入，税收 cascade倾泻而下 stakeholder风险共同承担者 ambiguity歧义 promptly敏捷地 stake 打赌；赌注grant 答应，承认disguise伪装 词组 rational people理性人 marginal change边际变化 marginal benefit边际效益 marginal cost 边际成本 marginal decision-making 边际决策 net result净结果 achieve the high level of satisfaction获得最高的满意度maximize profits利益最大化 achieve objectives达到目标 be black and white简单以好坏评判 roll round快要来临 blow off逃避 fly standby准备飞行的 puzzling economic phenomena费解的经济现象 take an action采取措施 allocate scarce resources分配稀缺资源 end up with 以…结束 hybrid car混合动力汽车 comparison and contrast相同处和不同处unintended consequences非故意的结果 idle speculation毫无根据的猜测 level of satisfaction满意度 scarce resources稀缺资源 by contrast与之相比 as we will see正如我们看到的 in other words换言之
human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to sense of reality by giving meaning to events. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker?s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an impli cit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。 明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。 Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of