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为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养”，英国财政部大臣George Osborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利，然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。还有什么能比这个更合理？
下面是更明显的合理性。下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。”帮助？真的吗？第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好，和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心，有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。失业是金融的恐怖，心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作。
但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系。现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。确实，这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”，条件是积极地找工作；这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系，一周71,70英镑，没有补贴没有保险。
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世界各地，律师比其他职业的人得到更多的不友好的眼光——记者除外。但是，世界上很少有国家像美国那样委托人有会如此多的抱怨。
在经济危机前的两年里，法律服务的花费的增长速度是通货膨胀速度的两倍。最好的律师赚了能填满摩天大楼的钱，吸引更多的学生扎堆进入法律学校。但是大多数的法律毕业生从没得到大公司的工作。他们中的很多成为一种让人讨厌的诉讼文员，使侵权系统变为花费昂贵的恶梦。
对此是有很多原因的。其中一个是法律教育的过高的成本。在美国大多数州的律师来说只有一条路可以选择：一个四年的与法律无关的本科学历，然后是在200个法律学校中的一个得到三年的法律证书，这些学校是被美国法律协会授权的，并且在进入之前还要通过一个昂贵的预备考试。这为当今的法律学校的每个学生带来一个平均为10万美元的债务，这是所有专业大学生中最高的债务。法律学校的债务意味着其许多的学生不能进入政府和非营利性性组织工作，因此他们不得不极度努力地工作。
改革这个体系将会对律师及其委托人都有好处。明智的想法已经存在一段时间了，但是在国家层面上会体现出，控制这个专业太过守旧，以至于无法实行。一个观点是允许大学生学习法律作为本科文凭。还有一个是在法律学校学习两年后就允许其参加法庭。如果这法律考试对于那些准律师来说是足够严厉的话，那些可以提前参加考试的人就该被允许那样做。那些不需要额外训练的学生就可以减少其三分之一的债务。
花费如此高的另一个原因就是商业的限制性的所有制结构。除了哥伦比亚区，非律师可能不被允许持有法律公司的股份。这使得佣金居高不下，而且革新非常缓慢。在业内进行改革是有压力的，但
是监管者中的改革反对者坚持认为禁止外部人员进入法律公司将律师从赚钱的压力中隔离出来，并且能在道德上为顾客服务。
实际上，允许非律师持有法律公司的股份能够减少成本并提升对客户的服务，具体可以通过鼓励法律公司运用科技，雇佣职业管理者重点提升公司的效率。毕竟，澳大利亚和英国等国已经自由化了它们的法律行业。美国也应紧随其后。
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美国的这个300万的基础物理学奖确实是一个有趣的实验，当Alexander Polyakov在今年领奖的时候如此说道。而这样奖项不仅仅只有一种。科学杂志的一篇新闻特辑这样评论，近些年来，颁发给研究者的一系列的合算的奖项加入了诺贝尔奖的阵营，诺贝尔奖不再孤独。许多像基础物理学奖这样的奖项是有网络巨头建立的，他们庞大的银行账户就是这些奖项的保证。科学杂志说，这些捐助者在他们自己的领域里取得了成功，他们想用自己的财富吸引公众对那些在科学领域有成就的人的注意力。
这有什么是让人不喜欢的呢？根据新闻特辑里引证的少数科学家来看，确实有许多让人不能欣赏的地方。就像谚语所说的：等级是买不到的，那些有钱的企业家给他们的奖项买不到诺贝尔奖的威望。科学家们说，些新的奖项是它们背后创办者实施的一种自我推销。The wards are an exercise in
self-promote for those behind them. 对自我推销的一种实施——实施的一种自我推销，them指wards，self-promote 自我推销，不是自我提升/激励。这些奖项可能会扭曲以成就为基础的同业审查指引研究工作系统。这巩固了同业审查研究的现状。他们并没有资助同业审查研究。他们使孤独天才的神话长存。
这些奖项的发放者的目标像对他们的评论一样分散。有的是想引起震惊，有的是想将人们的注意力引导科学上，或者是想要更好地奖励那些投入考研事业的人。
就像科学杂志之前指出的，应该对新旧奖项如何发放有的合理关注。近年来为生命科学方面设立的突破奖，对生命科学包括什么持有的观点是不具代表性的。而对于诺贝尔奖，他们的基金设立的每个奖项最多三个获奖者的限制——获奖者必须还活着——已经无法容纳因研究的合作性质导致的增长的人数，有这样一个事例可以说明问题：在确定希格斯玻色子的发现的贡献时，要忽略谁——这是一个无法避免的争论。当然像诺贝尔一类的奖是由富有的个人建立的，他们自己决定如何使用自己钱。是时间而不是建立者的意愿让这些奖项合理。
随着越来越多的科学家对新的奖项有说辞，有两件事变得清晰。第一，大多数研究者在被授予这样一个奖项时，他们是愿意接受的。第二，资金和注意力流向科学而不是其他地方确实是一件好事。批评和质疑这些机制并没有什么不对——毕竟这是研究领域的一种习俗——但是要知道这是奖项设立者自己出钱的，而且他们是乐意这样做的。聪明的做法就是以感激之心和荣誉之情接受这样的奖项。
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美国艺术与科学研究院（AAAS）最近发布的报告“问题之核心”肯定了人文学科和社会科学对于美国自由民主政治繁荣和安全的重要性，值得被表扬。但是遗憾的是，这篇报告并没有指出普通教育所面临危机的真正性质，这导致的危害会大于其带来的益处。
在2010年，领导的国会民主党和共和党寄给AAAS一封信，询问那些确定可以由“联邦，州和地区政府，大学，基金，教育者，个人捐献者和其他人”承担的，“保持国家在人文科学，社会科学的学问和教育方面的优秀特质”的行动。作为回应，美国研究院建立了一个关于人文和社会科学的委员会。委员会的这51个成员中有一流大学的校长，学者，律师，法官以及商业经理人，同时还有外交界的主要人物，电影制片人，音乐家和记者。
这份报告所确立的目标是值得称赞的。因为代议政府以市民的消息灵通为前提，报告支持完全地读写能力；强调对历史和政体的学习，尤其是美国历史和美国政体；而且鼓励对新的数字技术的应用。为了鼓励创新和提升竞争，这份报告提倡增加对研究的投资，要求清晰的能提升学生在21世纪的问题解决能力和沟通效率这些技能的课程，号召提高对教师的经费支持并鼓励学者们将他们的研究瞄准当今世界上的重要挑战。这个报告还提倡加强对外语，外国事务的学习，同时扩张对外国项目的学习。
不幸的是，尽管已经实施了两年半，而“问题之核心”从来没抓住问题的核心：我们主要的大学的通识教育是狭隘的本性。委员会忽略了事实的，在过去的几十年里，美国的学院和大学并没有真正教给学生通识教育的内容和特性，所以他们也无法从中得到好处。可悲的是，探寻的精神已经清楚的知道，校园已经被人文科学和社会科学的实用所代替，成为了发表“进步”的机器，或者是左翼的宣传基地。
当今，教授还是那老一套，将先进的历史解释和公众政治视为研究的主要科目，而将保守的，经典的通识教育知识——比如，自由市场，自立精神——排除在他们的日常工作中，甚至有的是不在法律要求之中，不在知识调查研究之中。
AAAS对通识教育表现出极高的热情。然而这篇报道可能会推迟这项改革，国会要求他们表明的挑战的深度和广度被遮蔽了。
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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语
考研英语阅读 （1） To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过类似这样的话，“被误导的运动要想成功，所需的只是好人不作为。”现在，就有这样一个运动正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有这样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。科学家应该对动物权利鼓吹者做出强有力的
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
05 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World? If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature. 如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle. 事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from -- and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? 但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the world's available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has
Unit 1 general description of literature reading and translation 1.Definition of Literature Literature is a general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations. As an important means for preserving knowledge, literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race. 2.Classification of Literature 1) Textbooks（课本） a kind of professional writing（一种专业的写作） 2) Monographs（专著） various viewpoints and discussions 3) Papers（论文） the theoretical analysis and experimental description title, author, affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, theoretical analysis and/or experimental description, results and discussion or conclusion, acknowledgments, references 4) Encyclopedias(百科全书) every branch of knowledge 5) Periodicals （期刊） a series of publications 6)Special Documentation（特殊文档） all the printed materials 3.Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature stylistically (文体上) scientific literature is a kind of form writing; syntactically（结构上）scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures and in most cases is rather unitary; Morphologically（语法上）scientific literaure is featured by high specialization,the use of technical terms and jargons ,unambiguous implication and the fixed sense of the word Principles or Criteria of Translation Whenever principles or criteria of translation are under discussion in China, Yan Fu’s three- character guide”-----xin, da, ya, namely, faithfulness (信), expressiveness (达), and elegance (雅). These three principle has always been regarded as a plumb-line for measuring the professional level of translation and a goal for translators to strive after. However, in the application of this principle, people come to find some unsatisfactory aspects of the three-character guide and have put foreword a variety of new standards or criteria of translation. Despite a variety of opinions, two criteria are almost unanimously accepted by all, namely, the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy (忠实/准确) and that of smoothness (流畅). We may also take these two criteria as the principle scientific literature translation. By faithful/accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style. By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language, free form stiff formula and mechanical copying form dictionaries. Unit 2 professional papers 2.1.Definition of professional papers A professional paper is a typewritten paper in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic. It is variously known as the “research paper”, “course paper”, “thesis paper” or “library paper”. The task of the author of a paper is essentially the same: to read on a particular topic, gather information about it, and report the findings in it. 2.2.Classification of professional papers
历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职
Lesson 8 IV. Translation Put the following into Chinese. 1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it. 每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。 2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works. 改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。 3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices. 结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。这些指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。 4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas? 这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？ 5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a "rite of passage" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established. 一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。 V. Oral Practice and Discussion 1. How was music used during World War II and during the Vietnam War? 2. Describe peacetime uses of music. 3. List the major effects and functions of music. 4. Identify the basic issues in the FCC regulatory position. 5. What problems do you foresee in the development of record labeling plans? 6. Adaptation of popular or favorite songs is a persuasive tactic. Where is this technique used today? Cite several examples. (Hint: Advertising commercials) 7. If music shapes our perceptions and attitudes, then, should we be forced to listen to music in public places such as restaurants and shopping malls? 8. Are there other effects of music not included in this article?
1.A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night(英语阅读理解) A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it? 一个奇怪的事情发生在几乎每个人身上，并且都在晚上。他们关上灯，拉上了窗帘和闭上他们的眼睛。六或七小时的睡眠后，他们再次醒来。奇怪，不是吗？ Sleep is a great puzzle. Scientists and doctors would like to talk about why one can't fall asleep. They are not so sure what causes sleep. 睡眠是一个伟大的谜。科学家和医生谈谈为什么不能入睡。他们不知道什么是睡眠的原因。 You will sleep best both when you are in good health and when you don't eat too much or too little. No worries and a comfortable place to sleep are important, too.你会睡得最好当你身体健康时，你不要吃太多或太少。不用担心，一个舒适的睡眠环境是重要的。 Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you often move. You would feel tired ever if you didn't move. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. 奇怪的事情发生在睡眠期间。例如，你经常搬家。你会觉得累，如果你没有动。你也做梦。你大脑的一部分仍然是清醒的时候，您也做梦。做梦时发生的记忆和想象的部分你的大脑仍然清醒。 Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were finished while the writers were dreaming. 别担心，如果你有梦想。一些伟大的故事和诗歌的作家会完成梦想。 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)、误( F) 。 1. A strange thing happens to only someone at night.T 2. Scientists and doctors are both sure what causes people's sleep.F 3. When you are in good health, you can sleep very well at night.T 4. The writer means that some dreams are good for people.T 5. If you eat too much or too little before sleep, you won't sleep well.T 2. At the Barber's Shop 在理发店 Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he 杰克去一家理发店剪了头发，但是当他出来时，他 was not happy with the result. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed 是不满意的结果。当他的朋友鲍波看到他时，他笑了 and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?" 说，“你的头发怎么了，杰克？” Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied 杰克说，“我今天尝试了新的理发店，因为我不是很满意 with my old one, but this one seems even worse." 旧的，但是这一次似乎更差。” Bob agreed. "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what 他同意了。”是的，我想你是对的，杰克。现在我要告诉你 to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, 做的时候，你走进一家理发店下时间：看所有理发师的头发， find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."