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各单元语法复习

各单元语法复习
各单元语法复习

各单元语法复习

U 1

Vocabulary Check A

Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.

1. We

preconception】of a person from a culture and we interpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.

2. According to Dr. Helfand, Pakistan built nuclear weapons as a 【deterrent】against India. India wanted them as a 【deterrent】against China.

3. The European 【Scrutiny】Committee assesses the legal and/or political importance of each EU document, decides which EU documents are debated, monitors the activities of UK Ministers in the Council, and keeps legal, procedural and institutional developments in the EU under review.

4. A major 【stumbling block】in handling criticism is that we believe the criticism to be unfair and untrue and that we should defend ourselves against such criticism.

5. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai”is somehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai” doesn’t have a negative 【connotation】in Chinese.

6. China has no plan to change its 【preferential】treatment policies for foreign investment in the near future in order to reassure foreign investors who have been worried that China might cancel its 【preferential】policies and give foreign investors the same national treatment as their domestic counterparts now that the country is in the WTO.

7. Restorative yoga is especially helpful for anxiety-【prone】people because it allows the nervous system to rest and heal.

8. Students should develop the ability to weigh evidence without bias, tolerate 【ambiguity】, and use ethical principles in their academic and personal lives.

9. Members slated for peacekeeping duties over 180 days are eligible for up to 15 days of rest and 【recuperation】.

10. The norms of our own culture are not necessarily wrong-often they are very good-but we should learn not to judge other culture’s ways of acting and thinking 【ethnocentrically】only because they differ from our own.

Vocabulary Check B

Fill in the blanks with the best choice.

1.Tenacity implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along out of inability to imagine anything else.

A. Tenancy

B. Tenacity

C. Tendency

D. Tenure

2.In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)inscrutable smile. An amazing journey!

A. inscrutable

B. sweet

C. incredulous

D. incurious

3.The elimination of stereotypes was believed to be a prerequisite for any successful intercultural exchange.

A. generalizations

B. judgments

C. doubts

D. stereotypes

4.The Pentagon was planning to launch a 24-hour satellite television channel based in Baghdad to make it easier to circumvent the news media “filter” that Bush Administration officials believe is misleading the public by emphasizing bad news about the occupation of Iraq.

A. circumnavigate

B.circulate

C. circumvent

D. curriculum

5.This class will provide you as a parent with age appropriate songs and activities to enjoy music at home with toddler that will develop coordination, balance and spatial relationship skills as well as communication and cooperation.

A. scrutiny

B. spacious

C. stereotype

D. spatial

6.It is a truism to say that the women who teach in India must know the language, the religion, superstitions and customs of the women to be taught in India. It ought to be the very same case for England.

A. truism

B. genuine

C. tenacity

D. similarity

7. The connotation of “white”in Chinese includes

something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white and writing elegiac couplets in white paper. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.

A. configuration

B. conjunction

C. connotation

D. connection

8. The just-concluded election in Pakistan is simply a

fa?ade for continuing military rule, according to

Selig Harrison, a leading US authority on South

Asia, Afghanistan and the region.

A. inflection

B. fa?ade

C.ambiguity

D. fabrication

9. As television, and to an extent the internet have

permeated further through our society, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.

A. perpetuated

B. pervasive

C.

permanent D. permeated

10T here’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to concrete our friendship before I start a serious relationship.

A. cement

B. lime

C. clay

D. concrete

U 3

Vocabulary Check A

Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.

1.China

Targeting trendy young people, KFC D&D features new flavors like the 【smoothie 】series, crushed ice of different tastes and hot drinks like Hong Kong-style milk tea. It’s a wider choice of drinks and desserts than those on the regular KFC menu.

2.My sister Ellie, who recently lost 20 pounds, has been

pressuring me to lose weight too. And when I asked for a second helping of the low-fat 【casserole】she served for dinner the other night, she totally went off on me.

3.Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they

continually 【pester】their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Rover” or “Bonze”.

4.Nigerian President Obasanjo said Sunday that he is

not excluding 【sabotage】as the cause of last Sunday’s bomb explosions at the Military Cantonment in Lagos, which led to the death of more than 1,100 people.

5.An obviously biased judge made derisive decisions

throughout the trial. The strain of the trial also placed Barrie’s marriage under 【duress】, which ultimately led to his wife divorcing him, and led to Barrie’s children being derided and physically attacked by their classmates.

6.The G.O.P. hopes to gain votes by attacking her as a

radical feminist who prefers the boardroom to the kitchen. But the ploy could 【backfire】by alienating working women.

7.B oth Luo and Guang admit their drugs, while

effective in combating AIDS and alleviating its syndromes, may not be the final answer to solving the AIDS crisis. Rather, they believe, combined 【therapy】is the likely ultimate answer. Luo said his drugs, when combined with Western medicine, such as the AZT, have shown double the effectiveness for treating AIDS patients.

8.This 【delectable 】TV programme is suitable for

those half-educated people.

9.“John has no 【siblings】. So when his parents passed

away, he inherited everything from the family-properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s really living on easy street.”

10.Anthropologist Dr. Edward T. Hall points out that,

for two unacquainted adult male North Americans, the comfortable distance to stand for private conversation is from arm’s length to about four feet apart. For as the South American moves in, the North American feels he’s being pushy; and as the North American backs off the South American thinks he’s being 【standoffish】

Vocabulary Check B

Fill in the blanks with the best choice.

1. There was so much pain there, inadvertently caused

b y both sides over the years. I didn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had been done and it was irreversible.

A. inappreciably

B. inadvertently

C. inarticulately

D. invisibly

2. Strengthening regional economic cooperation is a top priority for many Asian countries. Interdependence among these different countries is becoming stronger - thanks to the adoption of a more open economic model. And now, Asian countries are making efforts to promote regional_ integration, and in turn realize common prosperity.

A. integration

B. diversity

C. competition

D. integral

3. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, they will firstly try to understand the new phenomena using the logic reference of_ analogy.

A. comparison

B. analysis

C. counterpart

D. analogy

4. If you mess up, it’s not your parents’ fault, so don’t whine about your mistakes, learn from them.

A. wonder

B. worried

C. whine

D. pester

5. The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually steer it in a profitable direction.

A. adapt

B. control

C. install

D. steer

6. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow obsolete, particularly in western Europe.

A. obscure

B. obsolete

C. optional

D. overlapping

7. From busy homemakers to professional people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans recognize the value of culinary art.

A. cookie

B. culinary

C. cuisine

D. cook

8. The chairman of the board pressed on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.

A. compelled

B. posed

C. pressed

D. tempted

9. I am not compatible with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.

A. concerned

B. compatible

C. considerate

D. complied

10.A good education should train students to think for themselves. However, most of them are trained in the technique of examination under duress.

A. duly

B. duty

C. duress

D. obligation

U 4

Vocabulary Check A

Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences. Remember to change the form if necessary.

warranted】.

2.The progress of studies comes from hard work and is 【retarded】by frivolities.

3.Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was 【offset】by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.

4. The renewing of the 【infrastructure】needs greater

fiscal investments from the government.

5.The【vestige】of plan economy is being erased step by step.

6.The newcomer has gradually learned what is

【entailed】in the position as a qualified salesperson.

7. The disagreements in the nuclear negotiation are

【symptomatic】of the tensions between America and Iran.

8.The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textile imports from China will definitly【thwart】the bilateral trade in other areas.

9.The Labour Party under Tony Blair won a(n)

【aggregate】number of 356 seats in the presidential election.

10.Policy makers and economists shoulder the responsibility of【optimizing】the use of resources. Vocabulary Check B

Choose the appropriate word from the list to complete the following paragraph. Remember to change the form if necessary.

The true rate of (1) return

high as 30% or 40%. Our knowledge of true return to education is currently very (2)limited as is our knowledge of the true rate of return to physical capital. More studies on rigorous data are (3)warranted. A more factually informed knowledge base will improve government decision making. If governments (4) evaluate projects, whether they are human capital projects, or investment projects for dams, road, bridges or factories, they will make better investment decisions. Project evaluations play an important role in keeping good investments and promoting good projects and (5) eliminating the bad. The value of factually informed cost-benefit econometrics is extraordinarily high. Cost-benefit studies produce value for local governments, provincial government and central government. Research that creates and collects much richer data sets on the returns to all kinds of human and physical capital to guide policy formation will improve policy making. Creating incentives and developing capital markets would promote investment in human capital. It is not necessary to use funds from the center or (6)presume that education and skill formation should be governmentally supplied. Free up the labor market and the market for education would (7) harness

the forces that promote acquisition of skills by (8) fostering the training of individual workers by firm, or encourage individuals to train themselves in the workplace to be better farmers, better factory workers and better managers. Otherwise, educational (9)_ expenditures should be increased and equalized across regions to (10) maximize the return on human capital investment. U 5 Vocabulary Check A Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences. 1. Even the

Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds 【earmark 】 for Social Security. 2. Since Pain was paying no attention to him, he decided that he might without 【 impropriety 】 ignore Pain. 3. The choice of household and industrial waste disposal is between tipping and 【incineration 】. 4. Operation Rescue was an organization notorious for its confrontational tactics and its implacable opposition to 【abortion 】 under all circumstances. 5. Since then we have had 【cyclone 】, wars, floods, so many things to add and subtract. 6. Coconuts are being scraped and the juice is squeezed on pounded taro or 【cassava 】 for puddings. 7. The psychological advantages or disadvantages on woman and 【fetus 】must be addressed and researched so that informed decisions can still be made. 8. Not all cultural practices are as extreme and the character of the ground flora will also depend on the land-use prior to 【afforestation 】. 9. The firm pledges its inventory as 【collatera l 】 for a short-term loan, but the lender has no physical control over the inventory. 10. There is no apparent conclusive scientific study, but the 【anecdotal 】 evidence is strong that the herb is useful. Vocabulary Check B 1. The decision to opt for sewage composting was made largely in order to reduce the need for water for flushing the toilet. A. sew B. sewerage C. sewage D. sewn 2. The end product of such a course of evolution is an

obligate parasite that is inextricably linked to a particular host.

A. paradise

B. parasitic

C. parasite

D. parasite

3. The situation for teachers without tenure varies according to the circumstances surrounding the dismissal.

A. tenure

B. tent

C. tendency

D. tenured

4. Garth doesn’t work; he just lives off his inheritance.

A. inheritor

B. inherent

C. inherit

D. inheritance

5. It causes many complications, including small placenta size, stillbirth and low birth weight.

. A. stillborn B. stillbirth C. stilllife D. stillwater

6. The market will undervalue goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.

A. undervalue

B. devalue

C. underweight

D. value

7. The alert library media specialist will have recognized at once that mainstreaming is, after all, a kind of integration.

A. majority

B. maintenance

C. mainstreaming

D. mainframe

8. The new decoder uses an amplitude locked-in combination with a phase locked loop to achieve this breakthrough.

A. loose

B. loophole

C. loom

D. loop

9. Geometrically, the inner product of two vectors can be considered a measure of their similarity.

A. carriers

B. vectors

C. agents

D. mediums

10. They include a new way of controlling waterborne diseases, and of administering drugs to people with chronic diseases.

A. waterborne

B. water-sick

C. waterbed

D. water cure

U 7

Vocabulary Check A

Choose the appropriate word from the list to complete the following sentences.

1. The distance was not great enough to 【obliterate】details, it only made them little, and mellow, and dainty, like landscapes and towns seen through the wrong end of

a spy-glass.

2. The water, however, will 【encroach】little by little on

the shore, the island becoming lower and smaller, and the space between the inner edge of the reef and the beach proportionately broader.

3. To 【remit】the punishment of such crimes was, he said, to encourage them.

4.Elizabeth also wept and was unhappy, but hers also was the misery of innocence, which, like a cloud that passes over the fair moon, for a while hides but cannot 【tarnish】its brightness.

5. When Ajax saw his mark he knew it and was glad; he threw it to the ground and said, "My friends, the lot is mine, and I rejoice, for I shall【vanquish】Hector.

6. “Now, it is of no use, Peak,” said Sir John, raising his hand in 【deprecation】of his delivering any message; “I am not at home.”

7. In submarine works, the workman, clad in an

【impervious】dress, with his head in a metal helmet, receives air from above by means of forcing pumps and regulators.

8. Large 【valances】of silk, embroidered with flowers of gay colors, which were rather faded, fell from the wide windows; the fittings of the room were simple, but in excellent taste

9. Perhaps had one been there to point them out to us, we might have noted 【indentations】in the mud, but they were countless, one overlapping another into a confusion that would have been entirely meaningless to us.

10. Their arms were rather longer and their legs shorter in proportion to the torso than in man, and later I noticed that their great toes protruded at right angles from their feet—because of their arboreal habits, I presume.

Vocabulary Check B

Fill in the blanks with the best choice.

1. The sea laughed and flashed and preened and allured, like a beautiful, coquettish woman.

A. coquettish

B. vulnerable

C. weird

D. shrewd

2. He has done me no harm, poor wrench, but he is an eyesore to me now, for he is Driscoll, the young gentleman, and I am a—oh, I wish I was dead.

A. eyelash

B. eyewitness

C. eyesore

D. eye-opener

3. Does any secret repugnance, or any hereditary dislike, exist between you and her family?

A. hysterical

B. hereditary

C. incredible

D. incredulous

4. And so the sailors fled into the stern and crowded bemused about the right-minded helmsman, until

suddenly the lion sprang upon the master and seized him; and when the sailors saw it they leapt out overboard one and all into the bright sea, escaping from a miserable fate, and were changed into dolphins.

A. amused

B. amazed

C. bemused

D. obsessed

5. There must be some good reasons for these dispensations of fate, but I have never sought to discover them.

A. discrepancies

B. discriminations

C. dispatches

D. dispensations

6. The rifle hanging upon the wall caught his first attention; it was for this strange, death-dealing thunder-stick that he had yearned for months; but now that it was within his grasp he scarcely had the temerity to seize it

A. temerity

B. condolence

C. tenacity

D. conspiracy

7. And here, instead of its being a matter of_ condolence,

it turns out to be one of congratulation

A. meditation

B. condolence

C. relevance

D. sensation

8. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to divulge it.

A. divulge

B. dispense

C. dissolve

D. disperse

9. Consider that the poison was so virulent that even a man who is as strong as an ox like Malone here, could hardly get up the stairs before he fell unconscious.

A. vicious

B. villainous

C. virulent

D. vehement

10. Anne was sitting at her open window, for the time forgetful of the woes of examinations and the cares of the world, as she drank in the beauty of the summer dusk, sweet-scented with flower breaths from the garden below and sibilant and rustling from the stir of poplars.

A. thrilling

B. shimmering

C. thundering

D. sibilant

新人教版(PEP)小学英语六年级上册各单元知识点总结

人教版(PEP)小学英语六年级上册单元知识点 Unit1 How can I get there ? 一、主要单词: museum博物馆bookstore书店cinema电影院turn 转弯left向左right向右 hospital医院post office 邮局science科学straight笔直地crossing十字路口二、习惯语搭配: post office邮局science museum科学博物馆pet hospital宠物医院Italian restaurant意大利餐馆Beihai Park北海公园Palace Museum故宫博物院go straight直走 turn right/left右/左转next to挨着in front of...在...前面near the park在公园附近on Dongfang Street在东方大街上 三、惯用表达式: Excuse me 打扰一下Follow me, please!请跟着我! 四、公式化句型: 1、问路的句型及其答语: 问句:Where is the + 地点?···在哪儿? 答语:It’s + 表示地点的词语。它···。 next to the bookstore, near the hospital/post office, over there, on Dongfang Street, in front of the school... 2、询问怎么到某地的句型及其答语: 问句:How can +主语+ get (to)+地点?···怎么到···? 同义句型:Can you tell me the way to +地点?Where is + 地点?Which is the way to +地点?答语:Turn +方向+表示地点的介词短语。···转。 at the cinema at the corner near the post office... 五、例句:Where is the cinema, please? 请问电影院在哪里? It’s next to the hospital. 它与医院相邻。 Turn left at the cinema, then go straight. It’s on the left. 在电影院向左转,然后直行。它在左边。Turn left at the bank。在银行左转。 六、主题写作:介绍去某地的路线 模板:1、交代目的地的位置及距离The … is near/next to … It is (not) far from … 2、说明可以采取的交通方式You can go on foot /by bus /by bike… 3、说明路线Go straight . Turn left / right at… 范文How to Get to the Science Museum We are going to the science museum tomorrow.The science museum is next to the hospital.It’s not far from our school.So we can go there on foot.First,go straight from our school.Next,turn left at the post office and walk for about five minutes.Then turn right at the bookstore.We can find the hospital on the right.Walk straight,and we’ll see the science museum.

英语语法讲义

前言 第一章英语的时态 第一节一般现在时的用法 第二节一般过去时 第三节一般将来时: 第四节现在完成时 第五节过去完成时 第六节将来完成时 第七节现在进行时 第八节过去进行时 第九节将来进行时 第二章动词 第一节系动词 第二节助动词 第三节短语动词(动词短语):起动词作用的短语第四节非谓语动词(动词短语) 第三章独立主格 第四章虚拟语气 第五章感叹句 第六章从句 第一节名词性从句 名词性从句一:引导名词从句的连接词 名词性从句二:名词性that- 从句 名词性从句三:名词性wh- 从句 名词性从句四:if/whether引导的名词性从句第二节定语从句 定语从句一:关系代词引导的定语从句 定语从句二:关系副词引导的定语从句 定语从句三:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 定语从句四:介词&关系词 定语从句五:as, which 非限定性定语从句 定语从句六:关系代词that 的用法 第三节状语从句 状语从句一:地点状语从句 状语从句二:方式状语从句 状语从句三:原因状语从句 状语从句四:目的状语从句 状语从句五:结果状语从句 状语从句六:条件状语从句 状语从句七:让步状语从句 第七章形容词和副词 第一节形容词: 第二节副词 第八章主谓一致 结束语

前言 首先,我们简要讨论一下要不要学习英语语法的问题。 中国目前现阶段主张英语语法可以不学的人往往这样说:“我们中国人,如果智力正常,从小就会说汉语,能遣词造句,没见过哪个小孩先学语法再学话的。再说,英语讲得多了,有了语感,语法还不是水到渠成的事。” 本人个人认为这种实践出真知的说法具有一定的科学正确性,不可完全否认。但我仍主张学一点英语语法理论。 语法,实际上就是给你语言整体上的语感(规则),学习语法的目的,不仅仅是要获得解释语言现象的鱼,更重要的是要让你知道如何用语感去钓语言深层的鱼。 就目前而言,我认为通过学习英语语法,求得对英语的整体感觉非常重要。以前初高中我们只是学习一些语言点,语言现象,最高级的也只是学习了一些独立成块的构词造句,而从没有在空中俯瞰英语语法的脉络和走向,从而造成了盲人摸象,重复记忆,使学生在各个细微的语法现象间迷了路! 英语语法书很多,学习英语语法的方法也不少。但是学好一样东西,根本没有绝对好的方法。如果号称包治百病的医生,要么是庸医,要么是骗子。事实上,每个人可以根据自己的实际情况,在不断尝试中摸索出适合自己的方法。 归根结底,语言就是规律和例外的组合!!如果两三年内你能把所有的语言规范和所见的语言特例都积累下来,你就是语法精通者! 第一讲英语的时态 在这里我先声明一点,有许多同学都要问,也有许多老师问我,时态是基于动词用来表达英语里的基本时间逻辑概念的高级语法,时态的基础-动词你都没有讲,更别说构成英语句子的名词,形容词,代词,副词了,你讲什么时态?怎么讲?岂不是无米之炊? 在这里大家先明确一点,就是在座的各位都已经不是英语的初级学者,而现阶段存在主要问题不是什么细节问题,而是有没有一个良好的,过硬的基础框架问题! 英语语法里的时态,是随口就说,动笔就有的东西,如果这种基础都不过硬,不管你掌握了多么高深的词汇,多么华丽的句式,都会因为把漂亮的砖瓦错误地放置在了没有根基的建筑结构上,最终都会变成一堆废料! 这就好像盖一栋楼,没有哪个人会说我们先要漂亮的砖瓦,在要稳固百年的混凝土结构!因为都知道,结构不牢固,砖瓦会塌下来砸人!而结构牢固,添置漂亮的砖瓦只是时间和积累的问题! 明白了这层关系以后,我们就正式开始我们的语法课程:英语时态。 在开始讲解之前,我想先问大家一个问题:英语一共有几种时态? 英语一共有16种时态:(见表)

初中语文语法知识(全).

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