2020年高三英语材料之阅读理解精品版
高三英语材料之阅读理解
阅读理解1
A
Besides entertainment and beautiful lanterns, another important part of the Lantern Festival ,or Yuanxiao Festival is eating small dumpling balls made of glutinous rice flour. We call these balls Yuanxiao or Tangyuan. Obviously, they get the name from the festival itself. It is said that the custom of eating Yuanxiao originated during the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the fourth century, then became popular during the Tang and Song periods.
The fillings inside the dumplings or Yuansiao are either sweet or salty. Sweet fillings are made of sugar, Walnuts, sesame（芝麻）, osmanthus flowers(桂花), rose petals, sweetened tangerine（橘子）peel, bean paste, or jujube paste（枣子酱）. A single ingredient or any combination can be used as the filling . The salty variety is filled with minced meat（肉末儿）, vegetables or a mixture.
The way to make Yuanxiao also varies between northern and southern China. The usual method followed in southern provinces is to shape the dough of rice flour into balls, make a hole, insert the filling, then close the hole and smooth out the dumpling by rolling it between your hands. In North China, sweet or nutmeat stuffing is the usual ingredient. The fillings are pressed into hardened cores, dipped lightly in water and rolled in a flat basket containing dry glutinous rice flour. A layer of the flour sticks to the filling, which is then again dipped in water and rolled a second time in the rice flour. And so it goes, like rolling a snowball, until the dumpling is the desired size.
The custom of eating Yuanxiao dumplings remains. This tradition encourages both old and new stores to promote their Yuanxiao products. They all try their best to improve the taste and quality of the dumplings to attract more customers.
1.Which of the following is NOT true?
A．The custom of eating Yuanxiao dates back to the fourth century.
B．Sugar, rose petals and minced meat are all fillings of Yuanxiao.
C．Sweet Yuanxiao are usually made in southern China.
D．People in northern China usually make Yuanxiao by rolling like a snowball.
2.Which country does the Lantern Festival come from?
A．China B．South Korea C．Jin Dynasty D．Tang and Song periods.
3.Choose the right order of making Tangyuan in southern provinces.
① make a hole and insert the filling
② roll the dough between your hands
③ shape the dough of rice flour into balls
④ close the hole
⑤ prepare some rice flour
A．⑤③②①④ B．③⑤①②④ C．③①④②⑤ D．⑤③①④②
4.What is the best title of this passage?
A．The Lantern Festival
B．The ingredients of Yuanxiao
C．The difference between Yuanxiao and Tangyuan.
D．China’s traditional food—Yuanxiao.
5.Why do we eat Yuanxiao today?
A．Because it’s a traditi on.
B．Because it’s a tasty food.
C．Because we love our country.
D．Because this food can make money.
B
Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.
Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).
Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline (衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.
Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline. Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.
People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g. "object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing. The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter are typically dominated by women.
Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average. And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.
1. The underlined word in the second paragraph means_________.
A．natural B．great C．obvious D．absolute
2．According to the passage, which of the following can Not be typed into the same category?
A．cloud B．sheep C．trees D．goose
3．Which of the following statements is true according the article?
A．Men do better than women when it comes to learning English.
B．Wom en stand out at remembering people’s names.
C．Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time.
D．Women excel at dealing mathematic problems.
4．One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that _________.
A．the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive decline
B．people surveyed are all old
C．people taking part in this test came from all over the world
D．women live longer than men
5．The author aims to tell us that __________.
A．women’s minds perform better than men’s
B．men’s minds decline more with age
C．everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older
D．a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently
C
The largest earthquake ( magnitude里氏 9.5) of the 20th century happened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile.
It generated(生成) one of the most destructive Pacific-wide tsunamis(海啸). Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concepcion to the south end of Isla Chiloe. The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe---the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中). Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland.
There was large damage and loss of life at Concepcion, Chile's top industrial city. Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed. A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed --- one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless.
Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated(估计) to be over a half billion dollars . The total number of death related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region. Estimates of deaths reached between 490 to 5,7002 with no distinction(差别) as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami. However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.
1. Where did the largest sunami damage occurred?
A.Concepcion
B.IslaChiloe C．Valdivia D．Valparaiso
2．What can we learn about the tsunami waves generated by the earthquake?
A．The tsunami waves as high as 25 meters arrived immediately after the earthquake.
B．The tsunami waves killed 200 people and sank all boats.
C．The tsunami waves were very destructive.
D．The tsunami waves flooded half of the inland.
3．What is generally thought the main cause of deaths in Chile?
A．landslides B．the tsunami
C．aftershocks D．the magnitude 9.5 earthquake
4．What is the total number of deaths in the earthquake?
A．2,000,000 B．between 490 to 5,7002
C．200,000 D．it was hard to know.
5．What does the underlined word “collapsed” probably mean ?
A．was destroyed B．caught fire
C．was flooded D．sank
D
The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country. Before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals.
Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service
is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.
Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.
As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals—many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours.
During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.
1. We can know from the first paragraph that ______.
A. the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybody
B. people didn’t have to pay for health care since the NHS was set up
C. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948
D. the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers
2. What do we know about the NHS?
A. It’s managed by the central government.
B. Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions.
C. It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.
D. Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.
3 All the following statements about GPs are true except that they ______.
A. take care of the local people’s health
B. often take part in competitions to see who is the best
C. work under high pressure nowadays
D. have more responsibilities than before
4. What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean?
A. suffering
B. different
C. prevented
D. free
5. The biggest problem for the NHS is ______.
A. many hospitals are too old to be used
B. some services are in the charge of individuals
C. more and more patients go to GPs for treatment
D. there is not enough money for further reform
1,【参考答案】
1.答案：C。解析：文中没有提到只有南方人吃甜元宵。要特别注意题干中的NOT一词。
考点：综合细节题。
2.答案：A。解析：第一段中说明它起源于金代，盛行于唐宋，说明是中国的。
考点：简单推测题。
3.答案：D。解析：prepare some rice flour文中未提，但应该在前。
考点：细节顺序题。
4.答案：D。解析：文中说了元宵的起源、制作材料和方法以及流行情况，只有D能概括全文。考点：主旨大意。
5.答案：A。解析：文中显示我们吃元宵主要是因为它是传统
2..【参考答案】
1．答案：A。解析：男女大脑的思维在某些方面的差异是天生固有的。
考点：词意猜测。
2．答案：C。解析：根据文章第五段可推断出选项中这类物体是以白色为限定范畴的。
考点：推理判断。
3．答案：B。解析：男性在推理和空间思维方面占优势，女性在提取大脑中储存的记忆信息方面占优势。
考点：推理判断。
4．答案：A。解析：根据文章第四段可知。文章只是说调查涉及到老年人，但并不都是老年人，故排除B。选项D不是造成调查结果不准确的原因。
考点：细节理解。
5．答案：B。解析：根据文章第一段可知。
考点：主旨理解。
3.【参考答案】
1．答案：B。解析：从文章第二段第三行“the largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe---the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中).”可以得到答案。
考点：细节理解。
2．答案：C。解析：考察文章第二段的最后几句。A选项不是arrived immediately而是10-15
分钟以后到来。B选项为至少200人，D选项不是half of the inland而是half a kilometer，故以上3个选项均有误。
考点：细节理解。
3．答案：B。解析：最后一段的最后一句“However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.”说明本题答案。
考点：主旨理解。
4．答案：D解析：2,000,000为无家可归人的数目；200,000为the city of Valparaiso的人口数。490 to 5,7002为地震和海啸共同导致的死亡数。考点：细节理解。
5．答案：A。由本段的下一句A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed可以推测出答案。
1. C 细节理解题。根据最后一句可知。建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，而不是针对所有的人，所以前两项错误。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第4段“The NHS is the bi ggest employer in Europe…”可知。从第二段
第一句可以看出国家保健中心由中央政府直接负责，但由地方当局管理，所以A项错误。
3. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段话“and encouraging GPs to compete for patients”可知政府鼓励全科医生之间相互竞争，而不是让他们进行竞赛，看谁的医术高明。
4. D 猜测词义题。前面提到医生开药方及给病人治疗牙病需要收费，再结合but一词可推断儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。
5. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知。
阅读理解2
Many animal and plant species have become extinct（灭绝的）and many more are in critical danger. Find ing ways to protect the earth's wildlife and conserve（保护）the natural world they inhabit（居住）is now more important than ever.
Dodo The Dodo is a classic example of how human caused damage to the earth's biology. The flightless Dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It lived off fruit fallen from the island's trees and lived unthreatened until humans arrived in 1505. The easily controlled bird became a source of food for sailors and was attacked by animals introduced to the island by humans such as pigs, monkeys and rats. The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and last one was killed in 1681.
Rhinos The Rhino（犀牛）horn is a highly priced item for Asian medicine. This has led to the animal being hunted in its natural habitat. Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia, most rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves（保护区）. Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers（偷猎者）.
The Giant Panda The future of the World Wildlife Fund's symbol is far from certain. As few as 1000 remain in the wild． The Chinese government has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals and made poaching them punishable with 20 years in prison. However, The panda's distinct black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose（造成）one of the most serious threats to the animals continued existence.
Whales The International Whaling Commission is fighting to ensure the survival of the whale species. Despite the fact that one-third the world's oceans have been declared whale sanctuaries（保护区）, 7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered． Hunted for their rich supply of oil, their numbers have decreased to just 300. Collisions（碰撞）with ships, poisonous pollution and being caught in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths. Tigers The last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the numbers of remaining tigers to between 5000 and 7000 and the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers are already extinct. The South China tiger is precariously close to disappearing, with only 20 to 30 still alive. Like the Rhino horn, tige rs’ bones and organs are sought after for traditional Chinese medicines. These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins.
1. It implies that _______.
A．The Dodo lacked the ability to protect itself from other animals
B．Sailors to the Island of Mauritius lived mainly on the Dodo