Unit5 Text A
约翰·肯尼迪就职演说
1961年1月20日，星期五
今天我们并不是在庆祝政党的胜利，而是在庆祝自由的胜利；它象征着一个结束，也象征着一个开始；它意味着一种更新，也意味着一种变革。因为我已在你们和上帝面前，宣读了庄重的誓言，与我们的先辈在175年前所拟定的相同。
现在的世界已大不相同了，因为人类的手中掌握着既能消灭人间的各种贫困，又能毁灭所有人类生命的力量。但我们先辈为之奋斗的相同的革命信念，在世界各地仍然有着争论。这个信念就是：人权并非来自国家的慷慨施舍，而是来自上帝的恩赐。
今天，我们不敢忘记我们是第一次革命的继承者。让我们的朋友和敌人都能够听见我此时此地的讲话：(革命的)火炬已经传给了新一代的美国人——他们出生在本世纪，经历过战争的洗礼和严峻而艰苦的和平的考验，为我国悠久的传统感到自豪——他们不愿目睹或容许我国一向坚持，并且今天仍在国内和国际做出承诺的人权渐趋毁灭。
让每个国家都知道，不论是祝福我们的，还是诅咒我们的，为确保自由的存在和胜利，我们将不惜付出任何代价，承受任何沉重负担，应付任何艰难险阻，支持任何朋友，反对任何敌人。
这就是我们的保证——而且还不止于此。
对于那些和我们有着共同文化和精神渊源的昔日盟邦，我们保证会像对待挚友般忠诚。只要团结起来，在许多需要合作的事业中几乎没有什么事是办不到的。我们如果分歧对立，就会一事无成，因为我们在这种情况下，就不敢应付强有力的挑战。
对于那些我们欢迎其加人到自由国家行列中来的新国家，我们将恪守诺言：决不让一种更为严酷的暴政来取代消失的殖民统治，，我们并不总是指望他们会支持我们的观点，但我们始终希望他们能坚决捍卫自身的自由，而且铭记，在历史上，凡是愚蠢地骑在虎背上谋求权力的人，都是以葬身虎口而告终的。
对那些遍布半个地球的身居茅舍和乡村、为摆脱赤贫桎梏而挣扎的人们，我们保证尽最大努力帮助他们自救，不管需要花多长时间——之所以这样做，并不是因为共产党可能在这样做，也不是因为我们需要他们的选票，而是因为这样做是
正确的，，自由社会如果不能帮助众多的穷人，也就无法保护少数的富人。
最后，对于那些与我们敌对的国家，我们提出的不是保证，而是要求：在科学释放出可怕的破坏力量，把全人类卷入到预谋的或意外的自我毁灭的深渊之前，让我们双方重新开始寻求和平。我们不敢以示弱来引诱他们。因为只有当我们毋庸置疑地拥有足够的军备，我们才能毫无疑问地确信永远不会使用这些军备。
所有这些在最初的100天内不会完成，在最初的1000天内也不会完成，在本届政府仔期内也不会完成，甚至我们在这个星球上的有生之年都不会完成。但是让我们开始行动。同胞们，我们的事业最终成败与否，与其说掌握在我的手中，不如说掌握在你们的手中。自从合众国建立以来，每一代美国人都受到过召唤去证明他们对国家的忠诚。曾经响应召唤而献身的美国青年的坟墓遍及全球。
现在，号角已再次吹响——不是召唤我们拿起武器，尽管我们需要武器，不是召唤我们去作战，虽然我们严阵以待——而是召唤我们为迎接黎明而肩负起漫长斗争的重任，年复——年，“从希望中获得欢乐，在苦难中保持坚韧”，去反对人类共同的敌人：专制、贫困、疾病和战争本身。我们能不能结成一个包括东西南北各方的全球大联盟，以反抗这些敌人，确保人类有更为富足的生活呢?你们愿意加入这场历史性的斗争吗?
在悠久的世界历史中，只有少数几代人被赋·子这种使命，能够在面临最大的危机时捍卫自由，、我们在这场奋斗中所奉献的精力、信念和献身精神，将照亮我们的国家和所有
为国效力的人。而这火焰所绽放出的光芒定能照耀全世界-
所以，我的美国同胞们：不要问国家能为你们做些什么，而要问你们能为国家做些什么。
全世界的公民们：不要问美国能为你们做些什么，而要问我们能共同为人类自由做些什么。
最后，不论你们是美国公民还是其他国家的公民，请将我们要求你们要有毅力和自我牺牲这一高标准同样拿来要求我们，，以道德良心作为我们唯一确定的奖赏；以历史作为我们行为的最终评判者；让我们向前引导我们所热爱的这片土地，祈求上帝的祝福和保佑，但我们知道，确切地说，上帝在尘世的工作必定是我们自己的工作、
Text B
西方价值观与改变中的中国价值观之比较
在阅读丁罗伯特·杰弗德的书籍《中国之路———一个正在崛起的大国的未来》和墨菲的著作《东亚——新历史》，以及观看厂电影《秋菊打官司》后，我得出这样一个结论：传统的中国价值观正迅速地朝现代西方价值观演变。这使得老—辈的中国人陷入了窘境，而为年轻——代带来不断变化的未来。电台谈话节目主持人杰弗德对这种现象作厂明确的评价：“道德——人们对于是与非的认知——已变得不那么重要了”，“……年轻人‘迷失’了方向：”同杰弗德一样，本人也认为许多中国人发现自己正迷失在个人主义思潮中。东西方在价值观和道德现的源头上一直是不同的，，一直以来，宗教是西方世界群体价值观和道德观的主要源头(即便在崇尚个人主义的世界中，绝大多数青年也能够把持住他们的道德准则。对于大多数中国人而言，家族和群体本身是个人和共同价值观的来源。中国社会对于社会成员严格要求也能够在一定程度上规范他们的行为中国现在最为盛行的宗教是佛教，它和西方的宗教不同,佛教中没有让教众在礼拜日聚集起来接受共同道德上指引的活动。
如今，中国出现厂新一代的企业家，他们重点关注的是个人的发展和成功：这与“轻商”的中的传统观念形成强烈对比, 不过，许多老—辈的中国人仍有这种观念但并不是所有的传统观念都已丢失(在电影《秋菊打官司》透露出来的价值观仍然存在: 家族的荣誉、尊卑、义务和公平之中.虽然秋菊本身也是—个具有传统价值观的人, 但是大多数人都反对她的时候，她仍继续坚持为正义而努力秋菊还体现了社会中女性角色的转变，她的丈夫想要息事宁人，但她却违背了他的意愿，甚至独自出门讨公道；如果这事发生在两百年前的中国，秋菊很可能会被视作“恶妻”，因为她违背了丈夫的意愿—(男女)平等的教育和传统阶级观念的消失使得女性更加自信和独立：像秋菊那样勇敢地挑战男性(权威)的女性也不再是风毛麟角：你能想象得到，秋菊和她母亲之间肯定存在着价值观的差异—中国古代传统的价值观很可能还根深蒂固地存在她母亲的思想里.
“父子关系”作为一个重要的中国传统价值观，仍将保留。我讨论这点是因为即使在高度个人主义的美国社会，父子关系的重要性同样突显。在西方传统中，由长子继承父亲的金钱、事业、财产等。这是现代化的西方和传统的中国共有的一个价值观，而且我认为这种价值观还会继续存在。
中国正开始经历前所未有的变革。这不仅仅是政治上的变革，还有那些根深蒂固的社会价值观的变革。见证这些变革令人欣喜。在中国社会接触新观念和开始新的国际贸易之时，中国向世界前所未有地开放了。这种社会的变革与开放会令中国社会拨云见日。这种开放也会容许外来文化在全中国传播，这也是前所未有的。同时，这也是一个西方世界吸纳某些东方文化与道德的良机。
21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程一-1-5章课后题答案
英语课后题复习资料 Unit 1. 一． flexibility duration option definitely actually ignore convince survive 1.Economic crises destroy the capitalist system,and they grow in size and duration. 2.Stability also depends upon the flexibility of the local economy. 3.He was sentenced to do hard labor without the option of a fine. 4.She states her views very definitely. 5.Did he actually say in so many words that there was no hope of a cure? 6.The baby felt ignored by her parents. 7.You need to convince the employers that you can do the job. https://www.doczj.com/doc/021629000.html,panies will have to do more than this if they are to survive the earthquake.
二． 1.I only cautht a glimpse of him sitting in the car (瞥见他坐在车里),so I can’t tell exactly what he looked like. 2.They are seeking/searching for(寻求新的机会) to reach their final goals. 3.It happened without my being aware of it(在我不知不觉中). 4.We are/get involved in different activities(投入到各项课外活动中) on campus. 5.Some guys always do everything as they like,that ignore the feelings of others(却忽视了别人的感受) . 三． 1.你的老师在评卷的时候会把你生病的情况考虑在内。 Your teacher will take your illness into consideration when marking your exams. 2.因为他总是轻信别人，所以很容易受伤。 He is likely to be hurt because he always believes/trusts others easily. 3.他的肤色跟他是不是好律师无关。
Unit5 Text A 约翰·肯尼迪就职演说 1961年1月20日，星期五 今天我们并不是在庆祝政党的胜利，而是在庆祝自由的胜利；它象征着一个结束，也象征着一个开始；它意味着一种更新，也意味着一种变革。因为我已在你们和上帝面前，宣读了庄重的誓言，与我们的先辈在175年前所拟定的相同。 现在的世界已大不相同了，因为人类的手中掌握着既能消灭人间的各种贫困，又能毁灭所有人类生命的力量。但我们先辈为之奋斗的相同的革命信念，在世界各地仍然有着争论。这个信念就是：人权并非来自国家的慷慨施舍，而是来自上帝的恩赐。 今天，我们不敢忘记我们是第一次革命的继承者。让我们的朋友和敌人都能够听见我此时此地的讲话：(革命的)火炬已经传给了新一代的美国人——他们出生在本世纪，经历过战争的洗礼和严峻而艰苦的和平的考验，为我国悠久的传统感到自豪——他们不愿目睹或容许我国一向坚持，并且今天仍在国内和国际做出承诺的人权渐趋毁灭。 让每个国家都知道，不论是祝福我们的，还是诅咒我们的，为确保自由的存在和胜利，我们将不惜付出任何代价，承受任何沉重负担，应付任何艰难险阻，支持任何朋友，反对任何敌人。 这就是我们的保证——而且还不止于此。 对于那些和我们有着共同文化和精神渊源的昔日盟邦，我们保证会像对待挚友般忠诚。只要团结起来，在许多需要合作的事业中几乎没有什么事是办不到的。我们如果分歧对立，就会一事无成，因为我们在这种情况下，就不敢应付强有力的挑战。 对于那些我们欢迎其加人到自由国家行列中来的新国家，我们将恪守诺言：决不让一种更为严酷的暴政来取代消失的殖民统治，，我们并不总是指望他们会支持我们的观点，但我们始终希望他们能坚决捍卫自身的自由，而且铭记，在历史上，凡是愚蠢地骑在虎背上谋求权力的人，都是以葬身虎口而告终的。 对那些遍布半个地球的身居茅舍和乡村、为摆脱赤贫桎梏而挣扎的人们，我们保证尽最大努力帮助他们自救，不管需要花多长时间——之所以这样做，并不是因为共产党可能在这样做，也不是因为我们需要他们的选票，而是因为这样做是 正确的，，自由社会如果不能帮助众多的穷人，也就无法保护少数的富人。 最后，对于那些与我们敌对的国家，我们提出的不是保证，而是要求：在科学释放出可怕的破坏力量，把全人类卷入到预谋的或意外的自我毁灭的深渊之前，让我们双方重新开始寻求和平。我们不敢以示弱来引诱他们。因为只有当我们毋庸置疑地拥有足够的军备，我们才能毫无疑问地确信永远不会使用这些军备。 所有这些在最初的100天内不会完成，在最初的1000天内也不会完成，在本届政府仔期内也不会完成，甚至我们在这个星球上的有生之年都不会完成。但是让我们开始行动。同胞们，我们的事业最终成败与否，与其说掌握在我的手中，不如说掌握在你们的手中。自从合众国建立以来，每一代美国人都受到过召唤去证明他们对国家的忠诚。曾经响应召唤而献身的美国青年的坟墓遍及全球。 现在，号角已再次吹响——不是召唤我们拿起武器，尽管我们需要武器，不是召唤我们去作战，虽然我们严阵以待——而是召唤我们为迎接黎明而肩负起漫长斗争的重任，年复——年，“从希望中获得欢乐，在苦难中保持坚韧”，去反对人类共同的敌人：专制、贫困、疾病和战争本身。我们能不能结成一个包括东西南北各方的全球大联盟，以反抗这些敌人，确保人类有更为富足的生活呢?你们愿意加入这场历史性的斗争吗? 在悠久的世界历史中，只有少数几代人被赋·子这种使命，能够在面临最大的危机时捍卫自由，、我们在这场奋斗中所奉献的精力、信念和献身精神，将照亮我们的国家和所有
Unit 1 Growing Up Ⅱ. Translation 1.那是个正规宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。（formal） As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2.他的女朋友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯尚未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。（take hold） His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3.他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。（anticipate） Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4.据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。（violate） It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. / Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水（water shortage）的可能性。 （avoid, severe） It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 苏珊（Susan）因车祸失去了双腿。有一段时间，她真不知如何面对自己再也不能行走的事实。 一天，苏珊在浏览杂志时，被一个真实故事吸引住了。那个故事生动地描写了一个残疾（disabled）姑娘是如何成为一位作家的。苏珊读后深受鼓舞，开始相信她最终会成为一个有用的人生活下去。 Inspire vivid scan face up with finally Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Friendship II. Translation 1)半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走路回家。（go by） Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后答案 第一单元 Text Comprehension II． 1.It was a military campaign in which many soldiers died.The effects on Churchill were()he lost his political position and he was overwhelmed with grief. 2.He felt so inspired to paint that he was distracted from his personal problems. 3.His sister-in-law’s painting inspired him to try his hand at it;his wife rushed out to buy all the materials he would need;and the wife of Sir John Lavery helped him overcome his fear of the blank canvas. 4.The blank whiteness of the canvas made him feel he didn’t know where to begin.This nervousness was not typical of Churchill,who was known publicly as a brave and strong-willed person. 5.Churchill was comparing the canvas to an opponent in a fight,and he could now see that he need not fear his“adversary”. 6.He meant that Churchill would have been a great painter,just as he was a great politician. 7.It was his great comfort when the death of his mother was followed quickly by the death of his daughter. 8.Because the judges suspected that it was not painted by an amateur;they were later surprised and delighted because Churchill was not just a famous political figure but also a talented untrained artist.
One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
一The rumor of the divorce was nothing but a means of hype for his new movie 离婚 他孤注一掷，用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。 He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the mone y his parents had left him. After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.（赢得那场重要的比赛后） 4) 在全球化热潮中，我们要提防不同文化的冲突 In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 在这种情况下In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) 这婴儿非常健康。The baby is the very picture of health. 7) 人们已经意识到儿童接触有关暴力和色情电视节目的危害。 People have realized the dangers of exposing children to vio lence and sex on TV. 8) 我们始终考虑到我们是在为谁制作这部影片。(have in mind) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.三单元 2他在中学教书，但也兼职些翻译来取外快。 He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work o n the side to bring extra money 3自信是件好事，但自信与自员是有区别的 it's good to be confident (about yourself), but there is a differen ce between confidence and conceit 4．只有坚持到底的人才会成功。半运而度的人永远也无法实现梦想。 Only those who stick it out can achieve success Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams 5一个真正的英雄有勇气，有高尚的目标，而且乐于奉献 A true hero possesses/has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices 6任何人只要章起这本小说读了第一段，敦会发现很难把它放下。 Anyone who picked up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down 7从某中意义上说，生活就像游冰。如果总是扶任池边，就也学不会。 In a sense, life is like swimming. if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you will never learn 3一个民族的前在很大程度上取决于其数育与培训的质量 The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training 二 1只有那些有过类似经历的人，オ能够完全理解这一点。 Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully ap preciate this. 3我更特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出了贡献的人 i'd like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contribut ed over the years in one way or another
Unit 1 Text A Listening First Listening Before listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words. grade 分数 concentrate 全神贯注 schedule 时间表 pressure 压力 selectively 有选择地 relevant 有关的 skip over 跳过;略过 approach 方法 Second Listening Listen to the tape again. Then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1. The purpose of this listening passage is ____. A) to describe college life B) to give advice for college success C) to warn against being lazy at college D) to increase college enrollment（入学人数） 2. According to the listening passage, the most important key to getting good grades at college is _____. A) asking questions in class B) doing assignments ahead of time C) working as hard as you can
BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式
我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。
21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程二 1.In the six-and-one half years sincet the federal government beagan certifying food as “organic,”Americans have taken to the idea with considerable enthusiasm.自联邦政府六年半前认证“有机”食品以来，美国人以极大的热情接受了这一概念。 2.To eat well, says Michael Pollanthe,the author of"In Defense of Food,"means avoiding "edible food_like substances"and sticking to real ingredients,increasingly from theplant Kingdom. “吃得好”，《食物无罪》的作者迈克尔波轮说，“意味着避免摄入‘可食用的类似的物质’，并坚持从蔬菜中获取真正营养成分的原则。 3.Neither the enabling legislation nor the regulations address food safety or nutrition. 不论有机食品的立法或是法规都未涉及食品安全或是营养问题. 4.Professor Howard that major corporations now are responsible for at least 25 perceent of all organic manufacturing and marketing. 霍华德教 授估计，大公司现在承担了至少25%的有机食品生产和销售。 5.Popularizing such choices may not be as marketable as creating a logo that says"organic" . 推广这样的做法可能不会像设计一个“有机”的标志那 么有市场. 1. The two former elephant trainers had seen enough abuse and neglect at circuses and zoos to inspire them to create a sanctuary where
(1)这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(let alone) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk! (2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。(claim, in one’s opinion） Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(to a certain extent, relate …to …, cope with） To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(according to） According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume, equivalent) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant) We have passed all relevant information on to the police. (7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it’s no use) There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer. (8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(on one’s part) It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide …with) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) 这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similar to) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(base on) The film is based on a play by Shakespeare (12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(have an advantage over) If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.
21世纪大学英语读写教程（第四册）Unit1课文原文 《Who Is Great?》 Michal Ryan As a young boy, Albert Einstein did so poorly in school that teachers thought he was slow. The young Napoleon Bonaparte was just one of hundreds of artillery lieutenants in the French Army. And the teenage George Washington, with little formal education, was being trained not as a soldier but as a land surveyor. Despite their unspectacular beginnings, each would go on to carve a place for himself in history. What was it that enabled them to become great? Were they born with something special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and, perhaps, an uncompromising personality? For decades, scientists have been asking such questions. And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help explain why some people rise above, while others—similarly talented, perhaps—are left behind. Their findings could have implications for us all. Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one measures success. But there are some criteria. "Someone who has made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great," said Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of psychology at the University of California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: "Sometimes great people don't make it into the history books. A lot of women achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized." In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge about great figures with recent findings in genetics, psychiatry and the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or revolutionized science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he doesn't have a formula to define how or why certain people rise above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few common characteristics. A "never surrender" attitude. If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. "There's a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal," he explained. "But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It's a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion." He cited Winston Churchill, Britain's prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his country's morale was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said, "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surrender."
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and