美国文学笔记
I. Colonial Period（殖民地时期）（约1607-1765）
II. The Revolutionary period（革命时期) :( 1765-18世纪末）Benjamin Franklin（1706-1790）
III.The Romantic period （浪漫主义时期）: （1800-1865）Edgar Allan Poe（1809-1849）
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
Henry Daivd Thoreau (1817-1862)
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
Herman Melville (1819-1891)
Walt Whitman (1819~1892)
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)
IV.The Realism and Naturalism（现实主义和自然主义) : （1865-1918）
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Henry James (1843-1916)
Stephen Crane (1881-1900)
V. The Modern period (现代主义时期）: 1918-1945
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
Ernest Hemingway (1899—1961)
Ezra Pound (1885—1972)
Robert Frost（1847-1963）
Eugene O’ Neil (1888-1953)
VI. Contemporary literature（当代文学):（1945- ）
I. Colonial Period（殖民地时期）（约1607-1765）
II. The Revolutionary period（革命时期): (1765-18世纪末）Benjamin Franklin（1706-1790）：
1. Summary:
One of the greatest founding fathers of the American Nation
First great self-made man in America
The embodiment of American dream
2. Major works:
The Autobiograph y《自传》：the first of its kind in literature, one of the classics of
the genre
Poor Richard’s Almanack《穷人理查德的年历》
III. The Romantic period （浪漫主义时期）: （1800-1865）Edgar Allan Poe（1809-1849）
1. Summary:
Novelist, poet, critic
good at writing Gothic(哥特式）and detective fiction
Father of western detective stories and psychoanalytic criticism
2. Major works:
Poetry
The Raven《乌鸦》
To Helen《献给海伦》
Short stories
Horror ( suspense, terror, Insanity, death，Revenge and rebirth）
The Fall of the House of Usher《厄舍古屋的倒塌》
The Masque of the Red Death 《红色死亡的化妆舞会》
The Black Cat《黑猫》
The Cask of Amontillado《一桶白葡萄酒》
Ligeia《丽姬娅》
Detective /ratiocinative(推理的）(originator)
The Purloined Letter 《窃信案》
The Muder in the Rue Morgue 《莫格街谋杀案》
The Mystery of Marie Rog《玛丽.罗热疑案》
The Gold Bug 《金甲虫》
American Transcendentalism
(美国超验主义）
（1830s- Civil War）
Summit of Romanticism/ American Renaissance
1. Appearance
1836, “Nature” by Emerson
2. Features of Transcendentalism
(1). Spirit(思想）/Oversoul（超灵）
(2). importance of individualism
(3). nature – symbol of spirit/God；garment of the oversoul
(4). focus in intuition (irrationalism and subconsciousness)
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882):
1. Summary:
American essayist,lecturer, poet
The Founder of Transcendentalism
2. Major works:
Nature《论自然》：the manifesto of American transcendentalism
The American Scholar《论美国学者》: American's Declaration of Intellectual
Independence
Self-reliance《论自助》
Henry Daivd Thoreau (1817-1862)
1. Summary:
American Essayist, Poet, Philosopher
2. Major Works
Civil Disobedience ?论公民之不服从?
Walden , or Life in the woods 《瓦尔登湖，或林中的生活》:Walden is a record of Thoreau’s two year experiment of living alone at Walden pond in a self-built house at the edge of the woods.
Late Romanticism
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864):
1. Summary:
American novelist and short story writer
2. His point of view : Hawthorne is influenced by Puritanism（清教主义）deeply.
(1). Evil is at the core of human life
(2).whenever there is sin, there is punishment. Sin or evil can be passed from
generation to generation
(3). Evil educates.
(4). He has disgust in science. One source of evil is overweening (自负的) (too
proud of oneself) intellect . His intellectual characters are villains, dreadful and cold-blooded
3. Major Works
The Scarlet Letter《红字》
Herman Melville (1819-1891): Novelist, Poet
Major works:
Moby Dick 《白鲸》,1851
Main characters:
Ishmael(以实玛利）: the narrator
Ahab（埃哈伯）: the protagonist
Moby Dick
Walt Whitman (1819~1892)
1. Summary:
American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist/
The father of free verse（自由诗）
2. Major works:
Leaves of Grass《草叶集》
Famous poems
Song of Myself《自我之歌》
One’s Self I Sing 《我歌唱一个人的自己》
O Captain! My Captain! 《噢，我的船长！我的船长！》
3. Writing themes (almost everything):
equality of things and beings
divinity of everything
Immanence（无所不在）of God
democracy
evolution of cosmos（宇宙）
multiplicity of nature
self-reliant spirit
death, beauty of death
expansion of America
brotherhood and social solidarity（团结一致）(unity of nations in the world) pursuit of love and happiness
4. Style: “free verse（自由诗）: the verse that does not follow a fixed metrical pattern,
the verse without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.
(1).Parallelism（排比）
(2).phonetic recurrence（同字起句法）（the repetition of words or phrases at the
beginning of the line, in the middle or at the end)
(3).the use of a certain pronoun “I” (the first person narrator)
(4).strong tendency to use oral English
(5).the habit of using snapshots
(6).a looser and more open-ended syntactic structure
(7).use of conventional image
(8).vocabulary – powerful, colourful, rarely used words of foreign origins, some
even wrong
(9). sentences – catalogue technique: long list of names, long poem lines
5. Significance of Leaves of Grass
Leaves of Gras s, either in content or in form, is an epoch-making work in American literature:
→Its democratic content marked the shift from Romanticism to Realism.
→Its free-verse form broke from old poetic conventions to open a new way for American poetry.
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)
1. Summary: American poet
She wrote altogether 1775 poems, of which only 7 appeared in print in her
lifetime.
2. Some famous poems:
I Died for Beauty
Because I Can’t Stop for Death
A Narrow Fellow in the Grass
I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died
ToMake a Prairie
I’m Nobody
3. Theme
Mainly based on her own experiences/joys/sorrows (inner world):
(1). Death and immortality
(2) .Love—sufferings and frustration caused by love
(3) .Nature-Kind and cruel
(4). Religion-doubt and belief about religious subjects
(5) .Beauty (beauty, truth and goodness are ultimately one)
(6). physical aspect of desire
(7). free will and human responsibility
4. Style
1). Poems without titles
2) .Use of capital letters –emphasis and dashes-create cadence (抑扬顿挫）
3).Economy of expression. (Plainest words, directness, brevity)
4). Short poems, mainly two stanzas
5). Fresh and strange images
6) .Bold and unconventional and often startling metaphors
7) .Rhetoric techniques: personification —make some abstract ideas vivid
8). off-rhyme(半韻) and defamiliarization(陌生化）
IV. The American Realism 现实主义时期(1865-1918)
1. Three Giants in Realistic Period
William Dean Howells – “Dean of American Realism”
Henry James Mark Twain
2. Comparison:
Theme:Howells –middle class，James –upper class，Twain –lower class Technique:
Howells –smiling/genteel realism
James –psychological realism
Twain –local colourism and colloquialism
Mark Twain (1835-1910):
1. Summary:
American writer, short story writer/
Humorist
2. Major works:
The Celebrated jumping Frog of Calaveras County (1865)
《卡拉维拉县弛名的跳蛙》
Innocents Abroad (1869) 《傻子国外旅行记》
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) 《汤姆.索亚历险记》
Life on the Mississippi (1883) 《密西西比河上》
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1886)《哈克贝里.费恩历险记》:All modern American literature comes from his masterpiece “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.”——Ernest Hemingway
3. Style:
(1). colloquial language（口语）, vernacular (本土的）language, dialects
(2). local colour
(3). syntactic feature: sentences are simple, brief, and sometimes ungrammatical
(4). humour
(5). tall tales (highly exaggerated) （荒诞不经的故事）
(6). social criticism (satire on the different ugly things in society)
4. Contribution
One of Mark Twain’s significant contributions to American literature lies in the fact that he made colloquial speech an accepted, respectable literary medium in the literary history of the country.
Henry James (1843-1916)
1. Summary:
An American and British novelist, literary critic
Founder of psychological realism
First of the modern psychological novelist
Initiator of the international theme: American innocence in face of European sophistication
2. Major works:
Daisy Miller （1878）《戴茜·米勒》
The Portrait of a Lady (1881) 《贵妇的肖像》
The Wings of the Dove (1902)《鸽翼》
The Ambassadors (1903)《专使》
The Golden Bowl (1904)《金碗》
The Art of Fiction(1884)《小说的艺术》
3. His Point of view
(1). Psychological analysis, forefather of stream of consciousness
(2).Psychological realism
(3). Highly-refined language
4. Style – “stylist”
(1). Language: highly-refined, polished, insightful, and accurate
(2).V ocabulary: large
(3). Construction: complicated, intricate
Naturalism（自然主义）
1. Background:
(1). Darwin’s theory: “natural selection”
(2).Spenser’s idea: “social Darwinism”
(3). French Naturalism: Zora
2. Features
(1). environment and heredity
(2). scientific accuracy and a lot of details
(3). general tone: ironic and pessimistic, hopelessness, despair, gloom, ugly side of
the society
St ephen Crane (1881-1900)
1. Summary:
Novelist, poet
Pioneer in the naturalistic tradition
Precursors（先驱）of Imagist poetry
2. Major Works:
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets 《街头女郎麦姬》: the first naturalistic novel in
America
The Red Badge of Courage 《红色英勇勋章》
The Open Boat《海上扁舟》
V. AMERICAN MODERNISM (1918-1945)
（美国现代主义）
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)
1. Summary:
Famous American novelist, short story writer, and essayist
the representative of the 1920s
the spokesman for the Jazz Age
one of the“lost generation”writers
2. Major Works
This Side of Paradise (1920) 《人间天堂》
Tales of the Jazz Age (1922) 《爵士乐时代的故事》
Tender Is the Night (1934) 《夜色温柔》
The Great Gatsby (1925) 《了不起的盖茨比》:
Narrative point of view – Nick Carraway
Theme: The decline of the American Dream
3. His Point of view
(1). He expressed what the young people believed in the 1920s, the so-called
“American Dream” is false in nature.
(2). He had always been critical of the rich and tried to show the integrating
effects of money on the emotional make-up of his character. He found that
wealth altered people’s characters, making them mean and distrusted. He
thinks money brought only tragedy and remorse.
(3). His novels follow a pattern: dream – lack of attraction – failure and despair.
4. His ideas of “American Dream”
It is false to most young people. Only those who were dishonest could
become rich.
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
1. Sumary:
An American novelist and poet
Initiator of American Southern Renaissance
One of the most influential modern novelists of 20th century
Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1949
2. Major Works:
The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》
As I Lay Dying 《在我弥留之际》
Light in August 《八月之光》
Absalom, Absalom 《押沙龙，押沙龙！》
Go Down, Moses 《去吧，摩西》
Barn Burning 《烧牲口棚》
Yoknapatawpha County（约克纳帕塔法县）:
--- A fictional county in northern Mississippi, the setting for most of William Faulkner’s novels and short stories, and patterned upon Faulkner’s actual home in Lafayette County, Mississippi.
3. Major Themes of his Works
(1). history and race
(2). Deterioration
(3). Conflicts between generations, classes, races, man and environment
(4). Horror, violence and the abnormal
4. Faulkner's narrative technique
(1).Withdrawal of the author as a controlling narrator
(2). Dislocation of the narrative time: The most characteristic way of structuring
his stories is to fragment the chronological time.
(3). the modern stream-of-consciousness（意识流）technique and the interior
monologue（内心独白）：
(4). Multiple points of view（多重视角）
(5). symbolism and mythological and biblical（圣经的）allusions
Ernest Hemingway (1899—1961)
1. Summary:
Novelist and short-story writer
One of the great American writers of the 20th century
The Spokesman of the “Lost Generation” （American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were lost generation, devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization．）
Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1954 （for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”）
2. Major works
The Sun Also Rises 《太阳照常升起》
A Farewell to Arms《永别了，武器》
For Whom the Bell Tolls 《丧钟为谁而鸣》/ 《战地钟声》
The Old Man and the Sea 《老人与海》
A Clean, Well-lighted Place 《一个干净，明亮的地方》
3. Major Themes
(1).The “Nada”(虚无) Concept
(2).Grace under pressure(压力下的优雅）
“Man is not made for defeats. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”
------The Old Man and the Sea
(3). Code Hero（准则英雄/ 硬汉）
a. The Hemingway hero is not a thinker; he is a man of action.
b.“Grace under pressure is their motto.
c.The Hemingway code heroes are best remembered for their
indestructible(不可毁灭的）spirit.
4. Artistic features
(1) .The iceberg（冰山）technique
The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.
(2). Language style
a. simple and natural
b.direct, clear and fresh
c. lean and economical
d.simple, conversational, common found, fundamental words
e. simple sentences
f. Iceberg principle: understatement, implied things
g.Symbolism
Ezra Pound (1885—1972)
1. Summary:
A leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement”(意象主义运动）
One of the most influential American poets and critic
2. Major works:
Cathay:《华夏集》《神州集》《中国诗章》
Hugh Selwyn Mauberley《休·赛尔温·毛伯利》
Cantos /《诗章》
3. Imagism (1909-1917)
(1) .Background:Imagism was influenced by French symbolism, ancient Chinese
poetry and Japanese literature “haiku”
(2). Defintion : The imagists, with Ezra Pound leading the way, hold that the most
effective means to express the these momentary impressions is through the use of one dominant image.
(3): Manifesto of Imagism:
? Direct treatment
? Economy of expression
? New rhythm
In a station of the Metro《在一个地铁站》:a quintessential（典型的）imagist text Robert Frost（1847-1963）
1. Summary:
the most popular American poet
Won Pulitzer Prize four times
Received honorary degrees from forty-four colleges and universities
Read “ The Gift Outright” at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961
2. Famous Poems:
F ire and Ice《火与冰》
The Road Not Taken 《未选择的路》
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 《雪夜伫立林边有感》
Mending Wall《补墙》
After Apple-Picking《摘罢苹果》
3. Frost’s writing feature
His combination of the traditional verse pattern and a colloquial distinctive language (New England Speech)
1.Imagism: Imagism is a literary movement which came into being in Britain and U.S .around 1910 as a reaction to the traditional English poetry to express the sense of fragmentation and dislocation. The imagists, with Ezra Pound leading the way, hold that the most effective means to express these momentary impressions is through the use of one dominant image. Ezra Pound’s In a Station of the Metro is a well-known imagist poem.
2. The Lost Generation:The “Lost Generation” is a term used to characterize a general motif of disillusionment of American literary notables who lived in Europe, mostly Paris, after the First World War. Figures identified with the “Lost Generation ”included authors and artists such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound , Sherwood Anderson and so on.
3.Local Colorism: Local Colorism or Regionalism as a trend first came to prominence in the late 19th century in America. The local colorists were devoted to capturing the unique customs, manners, speech, folklore, and other qualities of a particular regional community, usually in humorous short stories. The most famous of the local colorists was Mark Twain, with his masterpiece The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
4.Multiple points of view: The employment of several narrators or narrative points of views to tell a story, thus making the structure of the book somewhat radioactive. For example, The Sound and the Fury uses four different narrative voices to piece together the story and thus challenges the reader by presenting a fragmented plot told from multiple points of view.
2018春《美国文学》作业1．第1题 Among the following novels, only one was not written by Herman Melville. It is _____________. A.The Confidence-Man B.The PIlot C.Moby Dick 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 The Author of the short story "A Gift for Maggie" is ---. A. O. Henry B. Mark Twain C.Jack London 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 Of Mice ａnd Men is a novel written by ---. A. John Steinbeck B.Sherwood Anderson C.Sinklair Lewis 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0
4．第4题 “by nature’s self in white arrayed\ she bade thee shun the vulgar eye,\ ａnd planted here the guarding shade,\ ａnd sent soft waters murmuring by; \ thus quietly thy summer goes,\ thy days declining to repose.” the rhyme scheme of the lines above is ______________. A.ababab B.ababcc C.aabbcc 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 5．第5题 when we say that a poor young man ｆrom the west tried to make his fortune in the east but was disillusioned in the quest of an idealized dream, we are probably discussing about ______’s thematic concern in his fiction writing. A.Henry James B.Scott Fitzgerald C.Hemingway D.William Faulkner 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 6．第6题 ____ Bryant’s best-known poem, was written when
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
Part I Identification Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true or false. 1.( T ) Hurstwood is a character in Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie. 2.( F )In 1954, T. S. Eliot was awarded a Nobel Prize for his “mastery of the a rt of modern narration.” 3.( T )Hemingway believed that a man could find meaning in life by facing his death with dignity and courage. 4.( T )Literary naturalism may be regarded as the new development of literary realism, and was sometimes called “pessimistic realism.” The naturalistic writers were philosophical pessimists. 5.( F )Hemingway, Pound, Cummings, Dos Passos, and Fitzgerald, belong to the school of “Beat Generation”. 6.( F )William Faulkner's woks mainly concerned the decay in economy and moral in the American North. 7.( F ) Fitzgerald's fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of the romantic period. 8.( T )The narrator in T he Great Gatsby is a minor character named Nick Carraway, who is also a participant in the event. 9.( T ) Hemingway's novel The Sun Also Rises pained the image of the whole generation, the lost generation. 10.( F )In Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, he used a technique called imagism, in which the whole story was told through the thoughts of one character. Part II Multiple choice: Directions: Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. ___________ showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Po into English, and was influenced by Confucian ideas. A. Ezra Pound B. Robert Frost C. T. S. Eliot D. E. E. Cummings 2. Ezra Pound's long poem____________ contained more than one hundred poems loosely connected. A. The Waste Land B. The Cantos C. Don Juan D. Queen Mab 3. In Paris, Ernest Hemingway, along with _____________, accomplished a revolution in literary style and language. A. Gertrude Stein B. Ezra Pound C. James Joyce D. all of the above 4. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and
湖州师范学院外国语学院2008— 2009学年第二学期 《美国文学》期末考试试卷（A卷）答案暨评分标准 I. Write the names of the authors. (10%) ①Walt Whitman ②Edgar Allen Poe ③Wallace Stevens ④Franklin Norris ⑤Stephen Crane ⑥William Faulkner ⑦Sinclair Lewis ⑧John Steinbeck ⑨Langston Hughes ⑩Tennessee Williams II. Fill in the following blanks with appropriate information.（10%） ①New England ②Regionalism or Local color writing ③semi-autobiographical ④anti-realism ⑤Imagist ⑥Santiago ⑦multiple narrations or points of view ⑧1930 ⑨Harlem Renaissance ⑩Eugene O’Neill III. Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer. （20%） 1－5. A D C B B 6－10. D B E B A IV. Identify the author and the title of the work from which each of the following excerpts is taken. And then answer the question after each excerpt. (20%) Passage 1 the author: Walt Whitman (1%) the title of the work : Songs of Myself (1%) Question: What is the poet celebrating? (2%) The poet is celebrating individualism and nationalism, singing of all those people who form the American nationality.
美国文学期末考试复习必备（精） 1. What’s Puritanism? A religious and political movement which appeals to the right of the individual to political & religious independence. It includes three parts: a code of values, a point of view & a philosophy of life 2. What are the basic Puritan beliefs? 1). Total Depravity 2). Unconditional Election 3). Limited Atonement 4). Irresistible Grace 5). Perseverance of the "saints" 3. What are American Puritan values? Sobriety thrift, Self-reliance Diligence, Struggle, simple tastes 4. What are the features of American literature in the Colonial Period? A. Humble origins: diaries, journals, histories, letters. Its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period. B. in content: serving either god or colonial expansion or both C. in form: imitating English literary traditions. D. in style: tight and logic structure, precise and compact expression, avoidance of rhetorical decoration, adoption of homely imagery and simplicity of diction. E. Symbolism formed in this period ------To the pious Puritan, the physical, phenomenal world was nothing but a symbol of God. F. Simple, fresh and direct style
《英语文学文化及影视赏析》课程教学大纲 一、课程说明 1、课程名称（中英文）：英语文学文化及影视赏析/English Literature and Culture & Appreciation of English movies 2、学时学分：75学时理论教学，2学分 3、适用专业：非英语专业研究生 4、开课学院：外国语学院 5、课程负责人：姜萌萌 二、课程描述： 本课程拟对英语经典文学与相关文化概况进行简要介绍，并遴选英美国家的经典作家和作品，对其文学特色、文化背景进行分析。课程重视文学作品与时代背景、西方历史文化的联系，在教学中将理论与实践相结合，做到寓教于乐。在课内，不仅有作家作品、相关文化背景和信息的介绍、经典作品片段的解读，并通过课堂讨论以及影视作品的欣赏帮助学生最直观地理解西方文化与文学作品的文本意义。在课外，学生需要查阅相关资料，完成相关问题的回答与读书报告，以一种轻松愉悦并且多方面切入的方式学习、了解和体验英语文学文化。该课程目的在于通过英语文学文化的学习，提高学生对英语语言的掌握能力、增强对英语文学经典的理解力和对西方文化的审美能力，进一步养成对英语的敏感性，培养人文素质和文学涵养。 三、教材： 王守仁主编，《英国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 陶洁主编，《美国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 秦秀白，《英美国家概况》，北京：高等教育出版社。 王佐良，《欧洲文化入门》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 自编讲义 四、教学方式： 理论与实践相结合。 五、考核方式： 提交一篇与所学课程相关的课程论文，用英语完成。 总成绩=期末考试成绩70%+平时成绩30%（考勤占10%）
作业 1．第1题 When we say that a poor young man from the West tried to make his fortune in the East but was disillusioned in the quest of an idealized dream, we are probably discussing about ______’s thematic concern in his fiction writing. A.Henry James B.Scott Fitzgerald C.Hemingway D.William Faulkne 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 ___ did not ever show his/her concern for the Indians. A.Anne Bradstreet B.Philip Freneau C.Roger Williams D.John Eliot 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 ____ made many translations, among which, Dante’s Divine Comedy was the best. A.William C. Bryant B.Henry W. Longfellow C.Emerson D.Hawthorne 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第4题 The Declaration of Independence was the product of the joint efforts by ___, A.George Washington
大四美国文学期末考试题型及例题： 1.选择/对错60分（40道选择，20个对错） 2.名词解释10分（5个） 3.选段配对10分（5个） 4.问答20分（10/2） 1．历史：Father / poetess… 2. 名作家：Hemingway, Faulkner, Poe, Hawthorne, Emerson 3．作品：The W asteland/Moby Dick/Scarlet Letter 1.a)选择题（40个，40分） 1. At the age of reason and revolution, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ________. A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist Movement C. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement 2. Which is NOT connected to Benjamin Franklin? ________ A. He was born in a poor family. B. He was a pious puritan. C. He was phrased as “Jack of all trades”. D. He was a master of diplomacy. 3. Ernest Hemingway is noted for the following EXCEPT ________. A. Lost Generation B. Iceberg theory C. American Dream D. Code Heroes 4. Which character is NOT from The Scarlet Letter? ________ A. Hester Prynne B. Roger Chillingworth C. Captain Ahab D. Pearl 5. Jack London’s semi-biographical novel ________well presents the disillusionment of American Dream. A. The American Tragedy B. The Call of the Wild C. Martin Eden D. The Grapes of Wrath b)判断对错题（20个，20分） 1. Poe’s masterpiece “To Helen” is written to memorize his deceased wife. (F) 2. The tone of “Annabel Lee” is optimistic and hopeful. (F) 3. Mark Twain's novel Jumping Frog was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize. (F) 4. Sister Carrie ended up in tragedy because she could not control her fate. (F)
《美国文学》期末考试试卷（B卷） 1.Poor Richard’s Almanac ( ) 2.The House of the Seven Gables ( ) 3.“Raven”( ) 4.My Antonia ( ) 5.Babbitt ( ) 6.A Streetcar Named Desire ( ) 7.Maggie: A Girl of the Streets ( ) 8.A Farewell to Arms ( ) 9.The Call of the Wild ( ) 10.Long Day's Journey into Night ( ) https://www.doczj.com/doc/037072911.html,mon Sense ( ) 12. “Rip Van Winkle”( ) 13. Walden( ) 14. The Song of Hiawatha( ) 15. Uncle Tom’s Cabin( ) 16.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn( ) 17.Sister Carrie( ) 18.The Waste Land( ) 19. A Farewell to Arms( ) 20.The Great Gatsby( ) 1.defined poetry as the rhythmical creation of beauty. 2.While working for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, Samuel Langhorne Clemens adopted the pseudonym , the way of a boatman taking soundings, and meaning two fathoms. 3.Ezra Pound initiated a campaign for , which emphasized the direct treatment of an object or situation. He also advocated the language of common speech, but always the exact word. 4.Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his masterpiece novel _________. 5.is the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters. 6.The first of American literature was not written by an American, but by ___________________, a British captain, who thus became the first American writer. 7._________________ has been considered the “Father of modern American Poetry.\
《美国文学选读》课程标准 一、课程性质与任务 美国文学选读是英语专业高年级的选修课。它与英美文学史密切结合，使学生在接触到浩繁的文学作品的同时，可以对繁杂的文学现象加以整理和梳理，并形成自己阅读文学作品的习惯，开阔视野，在学习过程中把握正确的理解文学作品的方法。美国文学选读通过向学生介绍文学作品及其作品创作的历史文化背景，培养学生阅读文学作品的兴趣，增强语感，增进学生对美国社会、历史、文化以及生活习俗的了解，提高他们对西方文学的欣赏能力及批评能力。 二、课程教学目标 1．知识目标 1）文学知识：通过本课程的学习，学生应深入、直观地理解各个时期的美国文学作品，把握其思想、语言及创作技巧上的特点；另外，还应对美国的文学评论流变具备相对清晰的认识。 2）语言知识：本课程是通过介绍不同文体的文学作品，深化学生对英语语言的认知、理解和应用的能力。并通过对不同时期英语原文资料的阅读和解析，以一种更加直观的方式了解这门语言的发展。 2．能力目标 1）文学作品鉴赏能力：通过作者作品的讲解，学生可以对作品的社会历史价值和艺术价值进行评价，培养并提高自我的鉴赏能力； 2）语言表达能力：通过课堂和课下阅读及评价任务的完成，学生的口头和书面表达能力能够得到全面的提高； 3）思辩能力：课上小组讨论环节和presentation环节能够激发学生的思辩能力，助其开拓思路，同时也为以后对英语的有效使用打下基础。 3．素质目标 1）文学文化修养：本课程作为英语专业高年级学生的素养课，旨在培养学生对美国文学及文化的理解，可以使学生以直观的方式全面接触这种语言和文化，并形成独立的开放的文化观，进一步强化其跨文化意识； 2）基本的研究素质：本课程通过对文学评论的介绍和讲解向学生传授文学鉴赏的不同视角，可使其具备基本的文学研究素质； 3）文学翻译的基础：本课程通过对文学作品的细读向学生介绍文字背后的人文、历史、政治、哲学及美学等因素，可为文学翻译课程提供较好的材料，并做好前期准备。 三、课程基本信息和内容要求
作家作品 Naturalism 1、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900 战争小说之父 Maggie: A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎麦琪》（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）, a pioneering work of sociological naturalism；关于南北战争的The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》，奠定了他在美国文坛上不可动摇的地位；优秀短篇小说集The Open Boat《海上扁舟》和blue hotel 《蓝色旅馆》; wounds in the rain 《雨中的伤痕》The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky《新娘来到黄天镇》 2、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945美国文学史上最杰出的现实主义小说家，一位以探索充满磨难的现实生活着称的美国自然主义作家. Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》，真实再现了当时美国社会;Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》，被称为《嘉莉妹妹》的姐妹篇;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲（Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic斯多噶）;An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》是德莱赛成就最高的作品，是人们清晰地看到了美国社会的真实情况，“至今依然具有巨大的现实意义” 在《美国悲剧》中，Dreiser intended to tell us that it is the social pressure that makes Clyde's downfall inevitable. Clyde's tragedy is a tragedy that depends upon the American social system which encouraged people to pursue the "dream of success" at all costs. 1、Naturalism emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances. 2. The effect of Darwinist idea of "survival of the fittest" was shattering. It is not surprising to find in Dreiser's fiction a world of jungle, where “kill or to be killed” was the law. Dreiser's Writing Features: ?As a naturalist writer, Dreiser stressed determinism in his novels which deals with everyday life, often with its sordid side. ?As a naturalist, he developed the capacity for photographic and relentless (无情的) observation, thereby truthfully reflecting the society and people of his time. ?His narrative method is natural and free from artifice. Modern Poetry 3、Robert Frost罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963 20世纪最受欢迎的美国诗人, 美国文学中的桂冠诗人田园诗；自然诗?He used symbols from everyday country life to express his deep ideas. His graceful and traditional poetic style is highly appreciated in the country. A Boy's Will少年心愿and North of Boston波士顿之北were published and highly acclaimed in England. Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之 后;Mountain Interval山间The Road Not taken没有选择的道路;
2013春美国文学在线作业100分 1．第11题 ___ is not a name to refer to Natty Bumppo in Cooper’s frontier saga. A.deerslayer B.pathfinder C.hawkeye D.Mohican 答案:D 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第12题 “these are times that try men’s souls”is a sentence quoted ｆrom paine’s pamphlet___. A.American Crisis https://www.doczj.com/doc/037072911.html,mon Sense C.On Human Rights 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第13题 The first American writer who propounded that a piece of literary work should focus on the production of a single emotional effect is ___. A. Nathaniel Hawthorne B.Herman Melville C.Edgar Ellan Poe 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第14题 "Lost Generation" is a term first coined by ---.
A.Ernest Hemingway B.Fitzgerald C. Gertrude Stein 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 5．第15题 Among the following 3 poets the one who was once imprisoned for political reasons is ---. A.Carl Sandburg B.Edwin Arlington Robinson C.Ezra Pound 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 6．第16题 As a Modernist poet, Pound is noted for his active involvement in the ______ A.cubist school of modern painting B.Imagist Movement C.stream-of-consciousness technique D.German Expressionism 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 7．第17题 The first great American juvenile literature was _____. A.Sketch Book B.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow C.Walden D.Mardi 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0
Young Goodman Brown is one of the best short fictions written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1835. It tells us a story that Young Goodman Brown, a religious element, left his wife Faith and ventured deep into the forest to attend the assembly of evil in order to satisfy his curiosity. However, as an eyewitness of the congregation, both sinners and saints and including his faithful wife Faith had converted the devil, young Goodman Brown broke down and became a zombie. Owing to the closeness of short stories and the features of Hawthorne’s novels (symbolism and indirectness), only when we do deep analysis on it, the whole world of the story can be stretched out.And this paper analyses the inner meaning of some words and phrases of Young Goodman Brown from three aspects: Firstly, what’s the inner meaning of some words in this story. Secondly, why Hawthorne wrote this story, which including the satire at politics, society, racial discrimination and the introspection on Salem Witch Trials. Thirdly, how to see the good and evil. What’s the inner meaning of some words in Young Goodman Brown? Salem: ①H awthorne’s hometown. ②It was where the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 happened. ③It means a city of peace. ④It is the latter part of Jerusalem, which shows the strong belief in Christianism of early colonist Young: ①Goodman Brown was in a young age. ②He just established his faith of God and just married with Faith. ③He has the curiosity to learn about the world. Goodman:①Good man, good-hearted person. ②It is a given name, which was given by families rather than born with. ③Irony. Brown is not actually a good man for he cheated on his wife (my journey is forth and back again), himself (felt himself justified in making more haste on his present evil purpose), the devil (they never spoke theses matters) and also Goody Cloyse (cut through the woods until left her behind). Brown:①a common last name. ②average person, everyman, every man. ③brown is a color that generated by mixing black, red and white. It also reflects that Brown is not totally a sinner nor a saint. ④Brown is a last name passed down from generation to generation which cannot be changed and it also reflects that everyone has the original sin. ⑤Something tires somebody. It indicates the death of Brown. Faith: ①Strong religious belief in God ②Loyal to love.