第1课Unit 1 - 01
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的
2. non-fiction n. 纪实文学
3. position n. 观点；态度；立场
4. statement n. 说明；说法；表态
5. question v. 表示疑问；怀疑
out of question / out of the question毫无疑问/ 不可能的补：in charge 管理；掌管
in the charge 由…负责；由…管理（被动）
6. evaluate v. 估计；评价；评估
7. context n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉
8. value n. values [pl.]是非标准；价值观
valuable
invaluable=priceless无价的；
valueless = 无价值的
9. represent v. 描述；表现
representative adj./n.
10. assertion n. 明确肯定；断言
11. sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
sufficiency
insufficient不够的；不充分的in-：否定前缀
12. statistic n. statistics [pl.]统计数字；统计资料
13. integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体
14. authority n.专家；学术权威；泰斗
an/the authority on sth.
authorize
15. compare v. 比较；对比
compare A with B把A和B进行比较
compare A to B把A比成B。（打比方）
16. subject n. 主题；题目；题材
17. consistent adj. 相符的；符合的
18. inconsistency n. 不一致
19. assumption n. 假定；假设
20. case n. 具体情况；事例
in case万一；以防；（用一般时）
in case of fire万一发生火灾；in case of 万一发生
in case that…万一发生…情况。
a case in point
confirmed/suspected cases确诊病例/疑似病例
21. directly adv. 直接地；径直地
22. identify v. 找到；发现
23. valid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的
validity n. 有效性，正确（性）
invalid无效的；有病的
24. credible adj. 可信的；可靠的= believeable
incredible=unbelievable不可信的；
25. landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的
relevancy n. 关联；恰当
irrelevant
27. current adj. 现时发生的；当前的
28. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的
inappropriate
It's (not) appropriate that ….+ 虚拟语气
29. bias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向
30. considerably adv. 非常；很；相当多地
consider
considering介词、连词鉴于；考虑到；
considerable相当…的；
considerate体贴；考虑周到的；
consideration n. 考虑
31. Democrat n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民
32. Republican n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者
33. reflect v. 显示；表明；表达
34. informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的
well-informed博学的；
ill-informed无知的；
Phrases and Expressions
1. apply to 使用；应用
2. put forth 提出；产生
3. take … into account 考虑到；顾及
4. accept/take … at face value 相信表面；信以为真
5. with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地
第2课Unit 1 - 02
II. Text Learning
Critical Reading（批判性阅读）
1.①Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just（不只是，不仅仅是）understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句）
翻译：批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。
本部分重点及难点：
隐藏重难点解析
①Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.
apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.适用于
apply的派生词：application, applicant, applicable
2.Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural
context than yours. ②Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. ③In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.
翻译：考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。
②Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.
注意区分：
some time：一段时间；sometime：某个时间
sometimes：有时；some times：次数；倍数
③In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.
不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。
those是代词，代替前面的复数名词values and attitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。例如：
The students in your class are more hard-working than those in his class.
The values of the young people differ from those of their elders.
Your voice is more beautiful that that of your classmates.
The price of that book is higher than that of this one.
【单选题】1. The necklace her sister is wearing is much more beautiful than ______ worn by Mary.
A．thisB．thatC．theseD．those
【答案】B【解析】本题考查指代词those/that的用法。英语句子中为了避免重复常使用代词代替前面出现过的名词。代替前面的复数名词用those；代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词necklace，故选A。此处that也可以换成the one。【知识点】指代词those/that的用法
3.Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.（承上句）Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.
翻译：质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。
4. Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. ④Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. （承上句）
翻译：与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。
④Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.
be consistent with 与……一致
consist vi. 组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
This doesn't consist with what you told me earlier. 这和你先前告诉我的不符合。
consist的派生词：consistent, inconsistent, consistency, inconsistency 【单选题】2. To tell you the truth, I really hope that your actions will consist ______ your words this time.
A．ofB．inC．atD．with
【答案】D【解析】本题考查consist的用法。consist of意为"由……组成"；consist in意为"在于"；consist with意为"与……一致"，故选D。consist at不存在。该句的意思是"说实话，我真希望这次你的言行能一致"。【知识点】consist的用法
5.Analyze assumptions made by the author. ⑤Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.（承上启下句）Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.
翻译：分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。
⑤Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.
whatever引导的是表语从句，不能换成no matter what。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，"疑问词ever"不能换成"no matter+疑问词"，状语从句中可以换用。例如：
Whoever comes to our party is welcome. （不能换成no matter who…）He will lend a helping hand to whoever needs his help. (不能换)
He will buy whatever his son wants. （不能换）
Whatever you do, I will support you. (能换成)no matter what…)
6.Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.（承上句）Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current （启下句）. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.
翻译：鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。
7.Identify any possible author bias. ⑥A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.⑦What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written with "a grain of salt."
翻译：甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。
⑥A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.
likely 在该句中是副词
likely adj. / adv.
be likely to do sth.
It's likely that…
a likely result
Profit will most likely have risen by about ?2 million. 利润极可能增加200万英镑左右。（副词）
likely的派生词：unlikely, likelihood。例如：
The likelihood of infection is minimal. 感染的可能性极小。
⑦What is written may very well reflect a biased position.
a biased position
be biased to/toward(s)/against
反义词：unbiased
8. By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.
翻译：成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。
第3 课Unit 1 - 03
III. 部分练习讲解
P111 Bridging the Gap
解题方法：把词分类
动词名词形容词副词
define action powerful internally
express tears personal
shape shape good
respond to
Language is one of the things that sets us apart as beings, one of the things that essentially 1 definesus as humans. When language is used well it can elicit very deep feeling in others, motivate others to 2 actionand define the nature of our relationships. Sometimes in poetry the juxtaposition（并列）of two words or a certain phrase can bring 3 tearsto the eyes, call up a whole host of imagery and move us deeply. We have seen language recently used in the politics of persuasion, used for 4 goodor ill - depending on your viewpoint. When we use language to 5 expressour true feelings to someone it can open and deepen the connection between us. Language is a very 6 powerfultool. How we use language shapes our world both 7 internallyand externally. How you use self-talk - what you say to yourself about yourself and about the world directly 8 shapes（塑造，使成形）your experience of both yourself and the world. How you deliver communication shapes the way the world 9 responds toyou. We can use language more effectively in both spheres: internal and external and directly influence the health and power of our 10 personalrelationships and our business relationships.
第4课Unit 1 - 04
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. confidence n.自信心；把握
相关词：confident
be confident of sb. / sth.对sb.有信心；
have / lose confidence in sb. / sth.
注意比较：confident / confidential有信心的/机密的；
2. program v. 训练；培养
3. mastery n. 控制；驾驭
4. destiny n. 命运；天命；天数
5. dramatically adv. 巨大地；惊人地；显著地
6. quality n. 质量；品质
7. subconscious adj. 下意识的；潛意识的
8. please v. 使满意；使愉快
9. command n.（给人或动物的）命令
10. knowingly adv. 故意地；蓄意地
11. impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用
12. matter v. 事关紧要；有重大影响
13. confident adj. 自信的；有自信心的
14. sense n.（对重大事情的）感觉，意识
15. eliminate v. 排除；清除；消除
eliminate all grammatical mistakes
be eliminated in the first round第1轮被淘汰；
16. disempower v. 剥夺；使失去权利；剥夺力量
注意构词法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，赋予）+power
en- / em-常见的动词前缀，如：enable, enrich, endanger, enlarge等。
empower v. 授权，赋予权利
17. self-esteem n. 自尊（心）
18. limit v. 限制；限定
区分两个名词limit（限度）和limitation（局限性）。
There is a limit / are limits to one's life.
There is no limit / are no limits to knowledge.
Everyone has his own limitations.
19. infinite adj. 极大的；无法衡量的
相关词：finite（adj.）, finitely（adv.）, infinitely（否定副词.）
20. stifle v. 压制；扼杀；阻止
21. creativity n. 创造力
相关词：create, creation, creator, creative（adj.）, creatively（adv.）
22. internal adj. 内心的；头脑中的
23. insignificant adj. 微不足道的；无足轻重的
相关词：significant, significance, significantly, insignificance
24. commonly adv. 通常；常常
25. alternative n. 可供选择的事物，替代物
have no alternative but to do sth.除了…别无选择；
Is there any alternative to going to the cinema?不看电影还有其他选择么？
26. fabulous adj. 极好的；绝妙的
Phrases and Expressions
1. carry out 完成（任务）
2. be up to 取决于
3. have an impact on/upon 对…产生巨大影响
4. rub … out 用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）
5. be in control of掌管；管理；控制
第5课Unit 1 - 05
II. Text Learning
The Language of Confidence（自信的语言）
1. The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.
翻译：语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量，这一点至关重要。
2. Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine.①It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.
翻译：再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。
①It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.
它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。
(1) carry out commands 执行命令
(2) be up to sb. 取决于某人例如：It's up to you whether we go there or not.
"Try"翻译：“尽力”
3. It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. ②How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?
翻译：这是一个简单的词，却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”，你知道他其实并不打算全心全意做这件事，甚至可能根本不会去做。你有多少次在谈论对于你非常重要的事时使用了“尽力”这个词?你是否说过“我会尽力做到更加自信”、“我会尽力去做这件事”或者“我会尽力去呼喊”?
②How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you?
matter v. be important例如：As long as staff are smart, it does not matter how long their hair is. 员工只要聪明，头发留多长没什么关系。It matters a lot whether you come to my birthday party or not.
4. Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to …" and notice how you feel. Next say, "I will do …" and see how y ou feel.
翻译：想一件你想完成的事情，然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。首先说“我会尽力去做……”，然后注意你会有什么感受。再对自己说“我要做……”，然后看你又会有什么感受。
5. ③The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.（承上句）
翻译：后一种方式给你的感受要比前一种好，不是吗?它给你一种坚定感，一种事情一定会完成的感觉。听听你身边的人怎么说，如果他们说他们会尽力，看看事情最后是不是完成了。从你的词典里删除“尽力”这个词，看看你的生活会如何改善。
③The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it?the former…the latter…
"Can't"翻译：“不能”
6. This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. ④It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.
翻译：这又是一个简单却影响巨大的词。它让我们失去力量，让我们感到脆弱与无助，让我们的自尊心受到伤害。它限制了我们无限的才能，扼杀了我们的创造力。把这个词从你内心的词典里擦去吧，换一个让你感到伟大的词。
④It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity.
(1) infinite的词根是finite，其它相关词：finitely, infinitely, finiteness/finity, infiniteness/infinity。
(2) creativity的词根是create。注意区分两个名词：creation / creativity。【单选题】3. A small word like "can't" limits our ______ (finite) abilities and discourages _______(create).
A．finite, creatingB．inite, creationC．infinite, creativityD．infinite, creation
【答案】C【解析】本题考查finite及create的派生词。第一个空格要填的词作abilities的定语，故选择形容词；第二个空格要填的词作discourage的宾语，根据句义"can't这样的小词限制了我们无限的能力并压制了我们的创造性"，故选C。【知识点】finite及create
的派生词
7. Instead of saying you can't, why not say something like "I choose （愿意）…" or "I choose not to …". Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.
翻译：不要说你“不能”，为什么不换一个别的说法，比如“我选择……”或者“我选择不……”。使用这些词能让你恢复力量，掌控自己的生活。
8. Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. ⑤Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.
翻译：一些词语或许看似简单、微不足道，却能对我们产生深刻而持久的影响。掌握你的语言能让你获得力量去实现你渴望的生活。
⑤Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.give … the power相当于empower，该句等于Mastering your language empowers you to live whatever life you desire.
9. What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. （承上句）⑥Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!（承上句）
翻译：你使用过哪些让你失去力量的词?列出你常用的这类词，然后在旁边写出它们的替代词。让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对正在做的事情感觉无限美好吧!
⑥Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!
让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对你所做的事情感觉无限美好吧！
(1) make在这里接名词作宾补，即make sb. / sth. sth.，再如：We made him our monitor.
(2) make you feel fabulous，make接do sth.作宾补。
(3) not only…but (also)…
第6课Unit 2 - 01
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出
2. respond v. 作出反应；响应
respond to…
response
3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问
4. creative adj. 创作的
5. occur v. 发生；出现
It occurred to me that…
6. remove v. 拿开；去掉
7. refrigerator n. 冰箱
8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓
9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走）
10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物
11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫
13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责
14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁
15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常
rare animals / stamps
Rarely is he late for class.
16. puddle n. 水洼；小水坑
17. eventually 最后；终于
18. restore v. 使复原；使复位；使复职
19. sponge n. 海绵块
20. effectively adv. 有效地
effective
ineffective
注意区分：effective / efficient
21. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的
22. discover v. 了解到；认识到；查明
discovery
23. grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢
24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿
25. renowned adj. 有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的
26. remark v. 谈论；评论
27. opportunity n. 机会；时机
28. scientific adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的
science
scientist
例如：
The medical science is making great progress in the treatment of cancer.
You should provide scientific evidence instead of subjective evidence to prove this theory holds water.
Several world-renowned scientists will be invited to attend the forum.
29. valuable adj. 很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的
Phrases and Expressions
1. in this manner 用这种方式
2. set…apart from 区别；使与众不同
第7课Unit 2 - 02
II. Text Learning
Spilt Milk（打翻的牛奶）
1. Have you heard of the story about split milk? ①Well, we all know there is no use crying over split milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respond in this manner.
翻译：你是否听过打翻的牛奶的故事?我们都知道为已经打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。不过这次的故事不同。我希望所有父母都能作出如此回应。
①Well, we all know there is no use crying over split milk.
There / It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
2. I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist（研究科学
家，高级研究员）who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. ②He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?
翻译：最近我听到一个故事，故事的主角是一个在医学领域取得多项重大突破的知名科学家。在一次报社记者对他的采访中，记者问他为什么他比普通人更富有创造力，是什么让他如此与众不同。
②He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him
so far apart from others?
(1) who asked why … from others定语从句，修饰先行词a newspaper reporter。
(2) why he was so much more creative than the average person和what set him so far apart from others都是ask的直接宾语。
(3) the average person 普通人(4) set him so far apart from others 使他特别有别于他人，使他和别人有很大不同。far在这里是副词，加强程度。注意区分：so far迄今为止，到目前为止。相当于by now, up to now, as yet。So far he has mastered five foreign languages.
3.He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. ③He had been trying to riove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor - a veritable sea of milk!
翻译：他回答道，在他看来，这全部源于他两岁时和妈妈的一次共同的经历。他试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是——白花花的一片。
③He had been trying to riove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor - a veritable sea of milk!
他试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是--白花花的一片。
4. When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said," ④Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?"
翻译：他妈妈走进厨房时，没有对他大吼大叫，没有训斥他或惩罚他，而是对他说：“罗伯特，瞧你把地板弄得，多么的壮观啊!我几乎从未见过这么大的一摊牛奶。噢，既然损失已经造成了，你要不要下来玩一会牛奶我们再打扫?”
④Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made!
感叹句。注意what和how的区别：
What a slower walker he is!
How slowly he is walking!
5. Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said，"You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?" he chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.
翻译：他真的在一地的牛奶上玩了一会儿。几分钟后，妈妈又说：“罗伯特，你要知道，每次像这样搞得一团糟，最终还是要收拾干净，让一切恢复原位。所以，你看该怎么打扫好呢?我们可以使用一块海绵、一条毛巾或者一个拖把。你喜欢用哪一个呢?”他选择了海绵，并和妈妈一起把地板上的牛奶打扫干净。
6.His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it." ⑤The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson! （承上总结句）
翻译：他妈妈接着对他说：“你知道，今天我们实际上做了个实验——如何用两只小手稳妥地端一个大的牛奶瓶，可惜我们的实验失败了。那我们去后院继续做实验吧，给瓶子里装上水，看看你能不能发现用什么方法端这个瓶子它不会掉。”于是这个小男孩学会了用双手抓住瓶子上面靠近瓶盖的位置，这样端的时候瓶子就不会掉。多么美妙的一堂课!
⑤The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.
(1) graspthe bottle at the topv.+sb./sth.+介词+the +身体部位/衣服
(2) without dropping it作状语。再如：Tom left without saying good-bye.He ran out (without) saying a good.
7. ⑥The renowned scientist riarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes. ⑦Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment "doesn't work," we usually learn something valuable from it.
翻译：这位著名的科学家谈论道，正是在那一刻他明白了无需害怕犯错误。相反，他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会，毕竟任何科学实验都是如此。’即使实验“行不通”，我们往往也能从中得到一些宝贵的经验。
⑥The renowned scientist riarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes
.宾语从句是强调结构it was…that…。注意区分强调结构和it作形式主语或普通代词的结构。
例如：It was in this park that they first met each other.It was this park where/in which they first met each other.It is important that we learn a foreign language well.
⑦Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. 相反，他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会，毕竟任何科学实验都是如此。
8.⑧Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respond the way Robert's mother responded to him?
翻译：如果所有家长都像罗伯特的妈妈那样对待孩子该有多好啊。
⑧Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respond the way Robert's mother responded to him?
该句是个反问句，相当于语气很强烈的肯定句。
(1) the way Robert's mother responded to him作状语，相当于in the way …。再如：He learned money was not everything the hard way.
(2) the way sb. does/did sth.某人做某事的方式I like the way she dresses herself.People don't the way he talks.
第8课Unit 2 - 03
III. 部分练习讲解
P128 Bridging the Gap
解题方法：把词分类
动词名词形容词副词介词连词
fear fear unavoidable wisely without so that reach success under as long as reach between
Lots of people don't dare to make mistakes. They 1 fearthat they will be ridiculed or blamed by others. They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be 2 undera lot of stress. But risks are 3 unavoidableand they do pave the way you must tread（踩，踏）upon towards 4 succcess. Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success 5 withoutmaking any mistakes before?So it is only natural that making mistakes in your effort to 6 reachyour dreams is considered a must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes at least you then can distinguish 7 betweenthe correct and the incorrect portions of what you did. Anthony D'Angelo said: "In order to succeed you must fail, 8 so thatyou know what to do the next time", and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the extreme as to say: "Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits（精神抖擞，情绪高昂）."You needn't worry about anything 9 as long asyou keep on going by 10 wiselylearning from your mistakes and trying even harder.
第9课Unit 2 - 04
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. glance n. 瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视
2. touch n. 修饰；润色；装点
3. frost n. 给（糕饼）覆上糖霜
4. aesthetic adj. 审美的；有审美观点的；美学的
5. triumph n. 巨大成功；伟大胜利
6. lumpy adj. 多块状物的；为块状物覆盖的
7. frosting n. 糖霜（用以装饰糕饼等）
8. blender n. （电动）食物搅拌器
9. fixings n. [pl.]（菜肴的）配料
10. requisite adj. 必需的；必备的；必不可少的
11. utensil n. （家庭）用具，器皿
12. phoenix n.（传说中的）凤凰，长生鸟
13. clutter n. 杂乱的东西（尤指不需要的或无用的）；杂乱
14. present v. 把…交给；颁发；授予
注意作为动词和名词时的发音差别。再如：import, export, record, produce等。
15. anniversary n. 周年纪念日
16. flash n. 闪光；闪耀
17. position v. 安装；安置；使处于
18. slide v. (使)快捷而悄声地移动
19. explode v. 突然爆发，进发（感情）
explosion
explosive n. 炸药adj. 爆炸性的
20. slip v. 悄悄疾行；溜
21. flip v.（开）；按（按钮）
22. trumpet v. 发出喇叭声
23. gesture v. 做手势；用手势表示
24. grandly adv. 骄傲地；自负地
25. slightly adv. 略微；稍微
26. off-balance adj. 不平衡的；不稳定的
27. layer n. 层；表层
28. inspection n. 检查；查看；审视
29. moan v. 抱怨
30. interject v. 打断（别人的讲话）；插话
31. gently adv. 温柔地；温和地；和缓地
32. disaster n. 灾难；不幸；彻底失败
33. storm v. 气呼呼地疾走
34. slam v. （使…）砰地关上
slam the door shut
35. silently adv. 悄悄地；静静地
silent
silence v. / n.
36. moist adj. 微湿的；湿润的
moisture n.
37. suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨
suffer pain(s) / torture(s) / losses / failures
suffer from a splitting headache
38. occasional adj. 偶然的；临时的
occasion
occasionally
39. issue n. 重要议题；争论的问题
40. significance n. (尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义
significant
significantly
41. stuff n. （事物名称不详、无关紧要或所指事物明显时用）东西，物品，玩意儿
42. awfully adv. 非常；极其
43. troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的；令人痛苦的
44. deserve v. 值得；应得；应受
45. frustration n. 令人懊丧（或懊恼、沮丧）的事物
frustrate v.
frustrated adj.
46. carpet n. 地毯
47. emerge v. 露头；显现
区分两个名词：emergence / emergency
48. dignity n. 自豪；自尊；自重
indignity n. 侮辱，轻蔑，无礼举动
49. sanitation n. 环境卫生
50. sacrifice n. 牺牲；舍弃
sacrifice A for B
make self-sacrifice
51. tender adj. 易损坏的；纤弱的；脆弱的
52. responsibility n. 责任；负责
responsible (to sb. / for sth.)
irresponsible
responsibly
53. occasionally adv. 偶然；偶尔；有时候
54. consequence n. 结果；后果
Phrases and Expressions
1. from scratch 从头开始，从零开始
2. run out of 用完，耗尽
3. stay up 熬夜
第10课Unit 2 - 05
II. Text Learning
The Cake（蛋糕）
1. Cindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight.
翻译：辛迪紧张地瞥了一眼挂在厨房墙壁上的时钟，还有5分钟就到午夜了。
2. "They should be home any time now," she thought as she put the finishing touches（最后润色，收尾工作）on the chocolate cake she was frosting.①It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, and to be honest, it wasn't exactly an aesthetic triumph. The cake was … well, lumpy. And the frosting was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something, which, of course, she had.
翻译：“现在，他们随时都会回来。”她一边想着，一边在巧克力蛋糕上抹上最后一些糖霜。这是她从小到大12年来第一次尝试制作蛋糕，完全是从头学起。不过说实话，蛋糕至少从审美角度说不算成功。这块蛋糕……嗯，看起来凹凸不平。糖霜是苦的，好像她把糖或者别的什么东西都用光了。当然，糖的确是用光了。
①It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, …注意本句的时态。It / This / That will be the first time they have met each other.It / This / That is the third time he has seen an English film.It / This / That was the last time he had done such a strange thing.
【单选题】4. They will go to America next month. That will be the first time that they ______ America.
A．will visitB．had visitedC．will have visitedD．have visited 【答案】D【解析】本题考查重要结构It / That / This be the 1st / 2nd / … time that…中的时态。该句型要注意时态的一致。即：主句为一般将来或一般现在时，从句用现在完成时；主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。本句中主句为一般将来时，故选择D。【知识点】重要结构It / That / This be the 1st / 2nd / … time that…中的时态3. And then there was the way the kitchen looked. Imagine a huge blender filled with all the fixings for chocolate cake - including the requisite bowls, pans and utensils. Now imagine that the blender is turned on. High speed.With the lid off. Do you get the idea?
翻译：再看看她把厨房搞成什么样了。想象一个巨大的搅拌机，里面盛着制作蛋糕的全部原料——包括必备的锅、碗及其他器皿。再想象一下这个搅拌机开动了，高速运转，盖子是打开着的。你能想象出这是什么样的场景吗?
4. But Cindy wasn't thinking about the mess. She had created something, a veritable phoenix of flour and sugar rising out of the kitchen clutter. ②She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present her anniversary gift to thi. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited excitedly in the darkness. When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights, she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway. ③By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding.
翻译：但辛迪没有考虑这些混乱。她创造了某件东西，一只用面粉和糖做成的十足的凤凰正从厨房的一片狼藉中升起。她焦急地等待着父母约会后回来，以便她能将自己的周年纪念礼物送给他们。她关掉厨房的灯，在黑暗中兴奋地等待着。终于，她看见汽车头灯在闪烁，她在厨房门口站定。当她听到钥匙插进前门锁孔的声音时，她的心激动得几乎要蹦出来了!
②She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present her anniversary gift to thi.be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
③By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding. 当听到钥匙插进门锁的声音时，她的心几乎要蹦出来了！
5. ④Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that. She flipped on the lights dramatically and trumpeted: "Ta-daaa!" She gestured grandly toward the kitchen table, where a slightly off-balance two-layer chocolate cake awaited their inspection.
翻译：父母尽量放轻脚步，悄悄地走进门来，但辛迪可不管那些。她激动地用手指按下电灯开关，大声叫道：“看!”她庄严地向厨房的餐桌打了个手势，一个稍微有点不平衡的双层蛋糕正在等待着他们的检阅。
④Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that.would have none of it 不接受，不允许
6. But her mother's eyes never made it all the way to the table. "Just look at this mess!" she moaned. "How many times have I talked to you about cleaning up after yourself?"
翻译：但是母亲的眼睛压根儿就没有向餐桌那边看去。“看看你搞得什么啊!”母亲埋怨道，“我给你说了多少次吃完饭要随手收拾干净?”
7. "But Mom, I was only …"
翻译：“可是妈妈，我只是……”
8. "I should make you clean this up right now, but I'm too tired to stay up with you to make sure you get it done right," her mother said.
⑤"So you'll do it first thing in the morning."
翻译：“我现在就想让你立刻收拾干净，但是今天太累了，没法熬夜监督你干活，”母亲说，“你明早起床第一件事就是收拾厨房。”
⑤. "So you'll do it first thing in the morning."first thing in the morning 早上第一件事He brushes his teeth first thing in the morning every day.
9. "Honey," Cindy's father interjected gently, "take a look at the table."
翻译：“亲爱的”，辛迪的父亲小声提醒道，“看看餐桌。”
10. "I know - it's a mess," his wife said coldly. "The whole kitchen is
a disaster. I can't stand to look at it." She stormed up the stairs and into her room, slamming the door shut behind her.
翻译：“我知道——餐桌上一团糟”，母亲冷冷地说，“整个厨房简直就是一场灾难。我实在是看不下去。”她气冲冲地上了楼梯，进了房间，砰的一声把门关上。
11.⑥For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red. "She never saw the cake," she said.
翻译：辛迪和父亲静立片刻，两人都不知该说什么。最后辛迪抬头看着父亲，发红的眼睛里含着泪水。“她根本没看到蛋糕”，她说。本部分重点及难点：
显示重难点解析
⑥For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red..neither one knowing what to say 以及her eyes moist and
red都是独立主格结构，即：名词/代词+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式。再如：The teacher came in, (with) (a) book in (his) hand.The monitor being ill, we have to postpone the meeting.His homework (having been) finished, he decided to go to see a film.The workers having finished all their tasks ahead of time, the boss decided to give thi a day off.Weather permitting, we will go for a spring outing.So many people (being) absent, the meeting has to be canceled.
【单选题】5. Tom _______ the old man by the arm, they crossed the street together slowly.
A．leadingB．ledC．having ledD．having been led
【答案】A【解析】本题考查独立主格。Tom和lead构成主谓关系，lead表示主动含义，故选择现在分词。A和C同属现在分词形式，B和D同属过去分词（应排除）。C项表示lead这个动作先发生然后再发生cross the street，显然不正确，是两个动作同时发生，故选A。该句的意思是"汤姆挽着老人的胳膊，他们一起慢慢过了街。"【知识点】独立主格
12. Unfortunately, Cindy's mother isn't the only parent who suffers from Situational Timbercular Glaucoma（青光眼）- the occasional inability to see the forest for the trees.⑦From time to time we all allow ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term significance by stuff that seis awfully important right now, but isn't. Muddy shoes, lost lunch money and messy kitchens are troublesome, and they deserve their place among life's frustrations. But what's a little mud - even on new carpet - compared to a child's self-estei? Is a lost dollar more valuable than a youngster's ierging dignity? And while kitchen sanitation is important, is it worth the sacrifice of tender feelings and relationships? 翻译：不幸的是，辛迪的母亲不是唯一一个这样的父母，他们患有情景性森林青光眼——临时性地只见树木不见森林。由于那些眼下貌似极其重要但并非重要的事情，我们有时会对具有长远重要意义的事情视而不见。沾上泥的鞋、丢了的午餐费、脏乱的厨房，这些东西是很讨厌，值得让人沮丧一阵子了。但是和孩子的自尊心相比，一个泥点——哪怕是粘在了新铺的地毯上——又能算什么呢?丢失的一美元难道比一个孩子成长中的尊严更宝贵?厨房的卫生固然重要，可是值得为此牺牲温柔的亲情吗?
⑦From time to time we all allow ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term significance by stuff that seis awfully important right now, but isn't.
由于那些眼下貌似极其重要但并非重要的事情，我们有时会对具有长远重要意义的事情视而不见。
（分别指的是故事中的mess和cake）13. I'm not saying that our children don't need to learn responsibility, or to occasionally suffer the painful consequences of their own bad choices. Those lessons are vital, and need to be carefully taught. But as parents, we must never forget that we're not just teaching lessons - we're teaching children.（承上启下句）That means there are times when we really need to see the mess in the kitchen, and times when we only need to see the cake.
翻译：我不是说我们的孩子不需要学会负责任，不需要有时为自己错误的选择付出痛苦的代价。这些道理也很重要，需要认真教授于他们。但是作为父母，我们不要忘了我们一不仅仅是在教课——我们是在教孩子。这意味着有时候我们确实要看到厨房的脏乱，而有时候我们只需看到蛋糕。
第11课Unit 3 - 01
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. reflection n. （关于某主题的）思考，回忆
2. loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿
3. recognize v. 承认；意识到
4. betray v. 辜负；对…不忠
5. indeed adv. 其实；实际上
6. virtue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行
7. trend n. 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向
8. befriend v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待
9. request v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求
10. trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的
11. multitude n. 众多；大量
12. mutual adj. 共有的；共同的
mutual respect / understanding
辨析：mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental
13. term n. 词语；术语：措辞
14. site n. 网站；站点
15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词
16. perish v. 丧失；湮灭；毁灭
17. thought n. 想法；看法；主意；记忆
18. gossip n. 流言蜚语
19. challenge v. 考查…的能力；考验…的技巧
20. akin adj. 相似的；类似的
21. deposit n. 存款
22. account n. 账户
accountant
current account
deposit account
23. interest n. 利息
24. well-being n. 健康；安乐；康乐
25. welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康
26. essence n. 本质；实质；精髓
27. seek v. 寻找
28. notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声
notorious 相当于infamous
29. premise n. 前提；假定；
30. exploit v. 利用（…为自己谋利）
31. reconnect v. 再联系；再联络
32. virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的
33. assure v. 使确信；向…保证
assure sb. of sth.
assure sb. that…
34. caution n. 警告；告诫
35. lyric n. 歌词
36. undisputed adj. 不容置疑的；毫无疑问的；不可争辩的
37. generation n. （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人
generation gap
four generations living under the same roof
Phrases and Expressions
1. stick by 坚持忠于；不离不弃（某人）
2. through thick and thin 不畏艰难险阻
go through thick and thin
3. lead to 导致，造成（后果）
4. a multitude of 众多的；大量的
5. perish the thought 甭想了；但愿不会如此
6. engage in （使）从事，参加
7. in essence 本质上
8. assure…of… 使放心；向…保证
9. pay attention to 注意
10. warn…of… 警告某人某事
第12课Unit 3 - 02
II. Text Learning
Reflections: Friendship and loyalty（关于友情和忠诚的思考）1. How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of（参考Unit1，TextA）a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.（承上句）
翻译：我们之中有多少人能在朋友中识别出真正的忠诚?忠诚包括无论何时都会支持你的朋友。一直对你坦诚、从不撒谎背叛你的朋友才是忠诚的朋友。如果你有一位忠诚的朋友，你一定在他身上发现了真正的美德。
2.The current trend on the internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters.（承上句）It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.
翻译：如今网络上流行的趋势是你可以和任何一个想成为你朋友的人做朋友。然而，这种新的趋势有可能会引发灾难。在网络上拥有一大批共同好友可能是比较流行，但是一个真正忠诚的朋友可能是你需要的唯一的那一个。
3.A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friends forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, "Will they share my private matters with others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?"①If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.
翻译：广受欢迎的脸谱网站上有一个词叫做B．F．F。这个缩写词的意思是“永远的最好的朋“友”。他们真的是你永远的最好的朋友吗?你可能会问自己：“他们会把我的私事发布在脸谱网页上与他人分享吗?甚至与他人一起八卦我的隐私吗?但愿永远不会。”如果答案是“我不知道”，那么很有可能，他们不是你永远的好朋友，甚至连一天也没可能是。
①If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely（很有可能）, they will not be your best friends forever.
more than likely: very likely
more than happy: very happy
more than pleased: very pleased
【单选题】6. He is _______ willing to shall his happiness with
us.A．moreB．more thanC．enoughD．too
【答案】B【解析】本题考查more than+adj.。"more than"后接形容词相当于"very+形容词"，本句中more than willing意为"非常乐意"。句子的意思是"他非常乐意同我们分享他的幸福。"注意D选项：too…to…意为"太……以至于不能……"意思不符。【知识点】more than+adj
4.I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.
翻译：在这个科技和快速交谈发展的时代对可能会面临使用缩写语的你们来说，我更想要一个B．L．F．，忠诚的好朋友。
5.②Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More often than not, your deposits gain internet, an internet in your well-being and welfare. A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend.
③In essence, water does seek its own level.（承上、总结的句子）
翻译：朋友间的忠诚就像是在银行账户里存款一样。通常你的存款会获得利息，关乎你幸福安康的利息。忠诚的朋友吸引另一个忠诚
的朋友。本质上，水自然会向下流——朋友间总是惺惺相惜。
②Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account.
(1) akin to: similar to
(2) make a deposit in a bank account 往银行账户存款
make withdrawals from a bank account
③In essence, water does seek its own level. 本质上，水自然会向下流--朋友间总是惺惺相惜。
6.④If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I'm sure you understand the priise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself sei more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.（承上句）
翻译：如果你早在脸谱网赢得恶名之前就是个B．L．F．的话，我相信你一定明白忠诚的朋友的前提。你不该利用自己的B．L．F．来结交更多的朋友或者让你自己看起来更加重要。这些不是忠诚的好朋友的特质。
④If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I'm sure you understand the priise of loyalty in a friend.
way （与介词或副词连用，加强程度）very far 很远
如：She finished the race way ahead of the other runners. 她第一个跑到终点，远远领先于其他选手。
The shot was way off target. 这次射的远离目标。
The price is way above what we can afford. 价格高得我们绝对付不起。
way back: a long time ago 很久以前
I first met him way back. 我和他初次见面时很久以前的事了。
7. A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.
翻译：忠诚的最好的朋友不会在意你宴会上都请了谁。他们会来参加你的宴会并向你表示祝贺，就像忠诚的最好的朋友应该做的那样。
8.Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However, a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you'd better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, "A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend." Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation.
翻译：在脸谱网上和忠诚的好朋友联络来得容易得多。然而，一个虚拟的朋友无法向你保证其忠诚。我给你的告诫是，你最好注意那些脸谱网站上的笑脸们。在80年代我们就在歌谣中被告知“笑脸是反着的苦恼的脸，我的朋友”。这在我们这一代也是不争的事实。
第13课Unit 3 - 03
III. 部分练习讲解
P149 Bridging the Gap
解题方法：把词分类while(连词) share(动词/名词) on（介词）unique（形容词）whatever（连接词）that（关系代词/指示代词/连接词）opposites （名词）a couple of （数词）personalities（名词）wisely（副词）In the daily drama and comedy of our life, it's nice to have friends. ___1 While___ family is extremely important, friends are a different support system of your choosing. As the saying goes, you can't choose your family, but you can choose your friends." Choosing them ___2 wisely___ can make your life more exciting and inspiring.Deciding whom you choose as your friends says as much about you as it does them. You may choose your friends based ___3 on___ similar interests. You may choose them because you're both polar ___4 opposites___ of each other and find this interesting and intriguing. Often, friends become "friends" because they naturally gravitate（被吸引）towards each other because of similar ___5 personalities___ and temperaments. Sometimes it's just circumstances ___6 that___ bring two individuals together who then become friends.___7 Whatever___ prompts a friendship, developing one is a very rewarding experience. This is especially true when, before you know it, a certain friendship turns into a ___8 unique___ lifelong close friendship. Again, it's been said that a person normally has only ___9 a couple of___ very close friends in their life. Think of whom you deem as truly close friends. These are those select individuals you can confide in（信赖，吐露秘密）and ___10 share___ deep thoughts and concerns with, without any reservations.
第14课Unit 3 - 04
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. tribute n. （尤指对死者的）致敬；悼念；吊唁礼物
2. rear v. 抚养；养育；培养
比较：rear / rare
3. ungrateful adj. 不领情的；忘恩负义的
比较：ungrateful / disgraceful
4. traitor n. 背叛者；叛徒；卖国贼
5. faith n. 信任；相信；信心
6. reputation n. 名誉；名声
7. prone adj. 易于发生某事的；很可能…的
8. malice n. 恶意；怨恨
malicious
9. settle v. 把…放好；安放
10. absolute adj. 肯定的；无疑的；明确的
11. unselfish adj. 无私的；忘我的；不谋私利的
selfless
12. selfish adj. 自私的
13. desert v. 抛弃，离弃，遗弃（某人）
dessert
14. treacherous adj. 不可信任的；背叛的；奸诈的
15. prosperity n. 兴旺；繁荣；成功；昌盛
prosper v.
prosperous adj.
16. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困
poor
poverty-stricken
conscience-stricken
grief-stricken
panic-stricken
17. sickness n. 疾病；不健康
18. wintry adj. 冬天的；寒冷的
19. fiercely adv. 猛烈地
20. lick v. 舔
21. sore n. 痛处；伤处；疮
22. wound n. （心灵上的）伤，创伤
23. roughness n. 艰辛；艰难
24. guard n./v. 警卫；守卫；保卫
security guard
lifeguard
bodyguard
blackguard
25. pauper n. 穷人；贫民；乞丐
26. constant adj. 不变的；固定的；恒定的
27. journey n. （尤指长途）旅行，行程
28. heaven n. (the heavens [pl.]天空
29. outcast n. 被抛弃者；被排斥者
30. friendless adj. 没有朋友的
31. homeless adj. 无家的
32. faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的
33. privilege n. 特殊利益；优惠待遇
34. accompany v. 陪同；陪伴
accompany sb. to the airport
accompany sb. on the piano
35. scene n. 事件；场面；情景
36. embrace n. 拥抱
37. pursue v. 追求；致力于
pursuit
in hot pursuit of sb. / sth.
in pursuit of the sun
38. paw n. （动物的）爪
39. alert adj. 警觉的；警惕的；戒备的
40. watchfulness n. 警惕
Phrases and Expressions
1. turn against 背叛
2. be prone to 易于
3. stand by 支持；帮助；忠于
4. take wings 飞走
5. fall to pieces 崩溃；倒塌；解体
第15课Unit 3 - 05 II. Text Learning
A Tribute to the Dog（狗的赞歌）
1. The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his eniy.（主题句）His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. ①Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.
翻译：在这个世上一个人最好的朋友也可能与他反目成仇，他呕心养育的儿女也可能对他忘恩负义。那些我们最亲近的人，那些我们以幸福和名誉信任的人，也可能背叛他们的忠诚。
①Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith (1) … those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name，定语从句中whom是trust的宾语，即trust whom with our happiness and our good name 我们把自己的幸福和名誉都寄托在他们身上
(2) trust sb. with sth. 信得过，托付，寄托I'd trust him with my life. 我把命交给他都放心。
2. The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most.（承上句）②A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. ③The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.
翻译：一个人所拥有的财富也可能失去。它可能在最被需要时随风而逝，名声也可能因一念之差而损毁殆尽。当我们功成名就，一些人卑躬屈膝，极力讨好；当失败的阴云笼罩在我们的头顶，那些人又可能最先对我们落井下石。而一个人在这充满私欲的世界里的一个绝对无私的朋友，一个永不抛弃他的朋友，一个绝不忘恩负义与背信弃义的朋友，则是他的狗。
② A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered （欠考虑的，考虑不周的）action.ill-considered 欠考虑的（结合Unit 1 讲过的ill-informed）ill-humored / good-humoredill-bred / well-bredill-intentioned / well-intentionedill-informed / well-informed ③The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads.
(1) be prone to do sth. 容易，倾向于
(2) fall on one's knees 下跪
(3) do sb. honor 向某人表示敬意
(4) 译文：当我们功成名就，一些人卑躬屈膝极力讨好；当失败的阴云笼罩在我们的头顶，那些人又可能最先对我们落井下石。
3.A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. （主题句）He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master's side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince.（承上、总结的句子）
翻译：一个人的狗无论其主人贫穷富贵，生老病死，都会和他站在一起，永不分离。只要能留在主人身边，它宁愿睡在冰冷的地上而不顾寒风凛冽，大雪纷飞。它会吻主人的手，哪怕主人手里没有一丁点食物；它会抚慰主人在艰难时世中遭遇的身心创伤；它也会如同护卫王子一般，守卫熟睡中潦倒的主人。
4 When all other friends desert, he riains. ④When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. ⑤If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his eniies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its ibrace and the body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness（独立主格）faithful and true even to death.
翻译：当所有的朋友都弃你而去时，它留了下来。当主人家财四散、名誉扫地，它对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘古不变。即使被好运拒之门外，没有朋友，无家可归，他那忠实的狗也会义无反顾地陪伴着他，与他共渡险境，同仇敌忾。如果他的生命被死神夺走，长眠于冰冷的地下，这时，哪怕所有的朋友都离他而去，在他墓旁，那忠诚的狗也会守在那里，将头伏在爪子上，睁开悲伤但充满警惕的双眼，直到死都依旧忠贞，寸步不离。
④When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens.
当主人家财四散、名誉扫地，它对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘古不变。
⑤If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his eniies.
(1) the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger，that代替前面的privilege，具体参考Unit 1
(2)"否定词+比较级"，表示最高级。（到Unit 6再详细讲）例如：He loves nothing better than sweet food. 相当于He loves sweet food best.
第16课Unit 4 - 01
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. blessing n. 好事；有益之事
2. subsistence n. 勉强维持生活；生计
3. sugar cane n. 甘蔗
4. corn n. 玉米
5. hog n. 猪
6. cash n. 现金
7. dairy adj. 乳品业的；生产乳品的n. 牛奶场；乳制品
区分：dairy / diary
8. complain v. 抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚
complaint
complain to sb. about sth.
complain of a splitting headache
9. carpenter n. 木工；木匠
10. committed adj. 尽心尽力的：坚信的；坚定的
commit an error
commit a crime
commit suicide
commit oneself to (doing) sth.
be committed to (doing) sth.
commitment
11. brick n. 砖；砖块
12. hammer n. 锤子；榔头
13. escort n. 护送者；护卫队
14. remind v. 提醒；使想起
15. victim n. 受害者；牺牲品
fall victim to sth.
16. ideology n. 意识形态：观念形态
17. terrorism n. 恐怖主义
18. depression n. 萧条期；经济衰退；不景气
depress
depressed 沮丧的；萧条的
19. unrest n. 动荡；动乱；骚动
20. illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的；违法的
il是in的变体，否定前缀，再如：illogical
ir, im都是in的变体，如：irregular, irresponsible, imbalanced, impossible, immobile
21. immigrant n.（外来）移民；外侨
22. trafficking n. 非法交易；非法买卖
c结尾的词变形时先加k，如trafficker, panicker, picnicker, trafficking, panicking
23. dealer n. 贩毒者；毒品贩子
deal in sth.
car / drug dealer
deal with sth.
24. gang n. 一帮，一群，一伙（闹事、斗殴的年轻人）
25. contribute v. 增加；增进；添加（到某物）
26. quit v. 停止；戒掉
Phrases and Expressions
1. bring in 赚得；挣
2. eke out a living 竭力维持生计；勉强度日
3. sink in 被完全理解；被充分意识到
4. look forward to （高兴地）盼望，期待
5. over and over again 多次；反复地；一再
6. be prepared for 准备好；有所准备
7. believe in 认为某事好（对、可接受）
第17课Unit 4 - 02
II. Text Learning
Work Is a Blessing（工作是一种福气）
1. I grew up in Lakeland, Louisiana, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents' subsistence farm（自给自足的农场）. We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, chickens and had a large garden, but it didn't bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning, and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.
翻译：我在路易斯安那州的莱克兰长大，是家里12个孩子之一。我们所有人都依赖父母的农场勉强维持生活。我们种棉花、甘蔗、玉米，养猪、养鸡，还有一个大花园，但农场没办法让我们有多少收入，所以我在12岁时在马路旁边的一个奶牛场里找了一份兼职工作——帮忙挤牛奶。我要在早晨5点钟为65头奶牛挤奶，下午2点钟还要挤一次，一周工作七天。
2.In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight, I riiber complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, "Ya know, boy, to work is a blessing."
翻译：在一个周六的黎明之前，我记得我在厨房里跟父亲和爷爷抱怨自己一大早还要去给那些奶牛挤奶，父亲说：“儿子，你要知道，能工作是一种福气啊。”
3.I looked at those two men who'd worked harder than I ever had - my father eking out a living on that farm, and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. ①I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.（承上、总结的话）
翻译：我看着这两个男人，知道他们比我有生以来工作得要更努力——父亲靠那个农场竭力维持生计，而爷爷在大萧条期间既开农场又当木匠。我那时有一种感觉，父亲跟我说了一些非常重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解了其中的含义。
①I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many
years before it sank in. 我有种感觉--父亲跟我说了一些确实重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解。
sink in: be understood
It took many years for the teachers' words to sink in.
4.Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland, Louisiana. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing, I'd always look forward to my work. But he also added, "Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all." I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC（美）后备军官训练队，预备役军官训练营（Reserve Officers' Training Corps）program to help pay for college. ②And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.
翻译：对莱克兰的孩子来说，上大学是一种珍贵的待遇。父亲跟我说，如果我学了自己喜欢从事的内容，我便会一直期待找到适合自己的工作。但他也补充道：“就算从事了自己不喜欢的工作，那也比什么工作都没有要好。”我当时想做一名农夫，但为了减少学费负担，我参加了预备军官训练项目，当初的义务从军便成为我以后的生活方式，我在部队服役长达37年3个月零3天。
②And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I
stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.
(1) an obligation to the Army 对于部队的义务
(2) a way of life 生活方式
(3) stay / be committed to 致力于
He has been committed to working for the people heart and soul for more than twenty years.
(4) 译文：当时的"义务"从军便成为了我的生活方式--我在部队服役长达37 年三个月零三天。
5. In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with her baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they weren't using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant she'd earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. ③And as bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. It riinded me of my father's words: to work is a blessing.（承上、总结的句子）
翻译：20世纪80年代晚期，在一次前往孟加拉国期间，我看到一个背着孩子的妇女在用锤子将砖头敲碎。我问该国的一名卫队员为什么他们不用机器，因为那样会容易很多。他跟我说，如果用机器，那个女人便会丢掉工作，而将那些砖头敲碎意味着她能赚到足够的钱让她和她的孩子在那天吃饱。虽然她的工作实在很糟糕，但那却足够养活一个小家庭。这件事让我想起了父亲的话：工作是一种福气。
③And as bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive.
此处疑似错句，应省略前面的as，即改为：And bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. 虽然她的工作实在很糟糕，但那却足够养活一个小家庭。
as意为"虽然"，用于倒装，句式如下：
Though he is very young, he is very learned.=Young as he is, he is very learned.
Though he is an old man, he is very energetic.=Old man as he is, he is very energetic.
Though I like him very much, I won't do his homework for him. =Much as I like him, I won't do his homework for him.
Though he tried, he failed again.=Try as he did, he failed again.
【单选题】7. _______, he is very gentle and has a sweet voice. A．As he is boyB．As he is a boyC．A boy as he isD．Boy as he is 【答案】D【解析】本题考查as用于倒装句。Although/though he is a boy=boy as he is，这里一定要注意的是修饰可数名词单数形式的不定冠词要省略。这句话的意思是"虽然他是个男孩，他非常温和而且声音甜美。"【知识点】as用于倒装句
6. Serving in the United States Army overseas, I saw a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh. And I've come to believe that people without jobs are not free. They're victims of crime, the ideology of terrorism, poor health, depression and social unrest. These victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves of human trafficking, the
drug dealers, and the street gang mibers. I've seen it over and over again on the U.S. border, in Somalia, the Congo, Afghanistan and in New Orleans. People who have jobs can have a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community and even help others. When we can work, we are free. （总结概括的句子）We are blessed.
翻译：在驻海外的美军部队服役时，我看到许多人都和孟加拉国那个女人一样，于是我开始相信，没有工作的人是不自由的。他们遭受着犯罪、恐怖主义、疾病、经济萧条和社会动荡的侵害，于是这些受害者变成了非法移民，沦为人口贩卖的囚奴、贩毒者和街头帮派的成员。这种景象我一次次地在美国边境、索马里、刚果、阿富汗以及新奥尔良目睹过。有工作的人可以建立家庭，将孩子送到学校上学，内心树立起一种自豪感，增加对社区的积极影响，甚至去帮助他人。当我们有事可做时，我们身心自由，身处幸福之中。
7. I don't think I'll ever quit working. I'm retired from the Army, but I'm still working to help people be prepared for disasters. And I may get to do a little farming someday, too. I'm not going to stop. I believe in my father's words. I believe in the blessing of work.
翻译：我觉得我不会停止工作。如今我已从军队退役，但我仍在致力。于帮助人们在灾害来临前做好准备，可能哪天我也要去做点儿农活。我不会停下来的。我相信父亲的话。我相信工作是一种福气。
第18课Unit 4 - 03
III. 部分练习讲解
P168 Bridging the Gap
解题方法：把词分类
动词名词形容词
improve weight stressed
check out priority different
clearing away routine routine
arrive route
We all get the Monday blues from time to time, but there are ways to 1 improveyour working life and be happy at work. If you're going through a rough patch（经历难关，经历一段困难时期）at work or are lacking job satisfaction, 2 check outthese ways to boost your mood and have a happier work day.If your workday often leaves you feeling 3 stressed and overwhelmed, it is time to calm things down by getting more organized. Firstly, make sure you 4 arrive a few minutes early for work to give you time to organize your tasks for the day and get mentally prepared. Secondly, organize your space by 5 clearingawayany clutter and streamlining your workspace. Finally, make a list of everything that you need to do that day in order of 6 priority. lf you can, try taking care of the more difficult things first to help take a 7 weightoff your mind.Variety is the spice of life, and this is never truer than when it comes to your working day. Following the same 8 routineday in, day out can quickly cause boredom and dissatisfaction to set in, so try making every day a little 9 differentin any way you can. Try doing routine tasks in a different order, talking to someone new or taking a different 10 routeto work. If you really can't shake up（重组）your workday itself, instead try organizing something fun and different to do on your lunch break every so often.
第19课Unit 4 - 04
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. paradox n. 矛盾的人（或事情、情况）
2. simultaneous adj. 同时发生（或进行）的；同步的
3. reward n. 奖励；回报；报酬
4. entrepreneur n. 创业者；企业家
5. exclude v. 把…排斥在外；防止…进入；阻止…参加
6. tragic adj. 悲惨的；悲痛的；可悲的
tragedy
tragedian 悲剧演员，悲剧作家
comedy
7. passion n. 強烈情感；激情
passionate
8. sound adj. 明智的；合理的；正确的；可靠的
9. process n.（为达到某一目标的）过程；进程
10. crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键的
11. privileged adj. 荣幸的；幸运的
12. motivation n. 动机；原因
13. prioritize v. 按重要性排列；划分优先顺序
prior
priority
-r （+ity构成名词），再如：regularity, similarity, familiarity, popularity
14. pattern n. 模式；方式
15. strategy n. 策划；规划；部署；统筹安排
16. routine n. 常规；正常顺序
17. sight n. 视力范围；视野
18. solely adv. 仅；只：惟；单独地
19. logistics n. 后勤；物流；组织工作
20. locally adv. 在本地
21. competitor n. （尤指商业方面的）竞争者，对手
compete with/against sb. for sth.
competitive
competitor
competition
22. room n. 可能性；机会
There is still a lot of room for progress.
23. niche n. （商品的）商机；市场定位
24. unique adj. 独特的；罕见的
25. survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在
survive a fire / a war / a flood / an accident / an earthquake
survive a person
survivor
survival
He is one of the lucky survivors in this accident.
Darwin's Theory of Evolution can be characterized as survival of the fittest.
26. client n. 客户；顾客
27. finance n. （个人、组织、国家的）财力，财源，财务管理
28. purchase n. 购买；采购
29. obligation n. （已承诺的或法律等规定的）义务，责任
30. down payment n. （分期付款的）首期付款；预付金；定金
31. mortgage n. 按揭；按揭贷款
32. trash can n. 垃圾桶
33. garage n. 停车房；车库
34. fixture n. 固定设施
35. landscape v. 对…做景观美化；美化…的环境
36. exceed v. 超过（数量）
37. boundary n. 边界；界限；分界线
38. exhaustive adj. 详尽的；彻底的
39. viability n. 可行性
40. run （使）运转，运行；操作
41. assume v. 假定；假设；认为
assumption
42. alleviate v. 减轻；缓和；缓解
43. seasoned adj. 富有经验的；老于此道的
44. offer v. 主动提出；愿给予
45. aspire v. 渴望（成就）；有志（成为）
aspiration
inspiration
perspiration
respiration
Edison once said genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.
46. various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的
vary
variety
47. counsel n. 劝告；忠告；建议
48. makeshift adj. 临时替代的；权宜的
49. license n. 许可证；许可证；执照
50. presence n. 存在；出现
51. unparalleled adj. 无比的；无双的；空前的；绝无仅有的
52. professional adj. 职业的；专业的
53. career n. 生涯；职业
54. feed v. 满足（希望、愿望、欲望等）
Phrases and Expressions
1. lie in 存在；在于
2. bargain for 预料到；料想到
3. be/feel obliged to do sth. 荣幸地做某事
4. bring…to the table 带来（好处）
5. at/in/to the forefront of… 处在最前列；进入重要地位
6. in plain sight 显而易见
7. get…up 安排；组织
8. seek out 寻求
9. in place 在工作；准备就绪
10. apply for （通常以书面形式）申请，请求
第20课Unit 4 - 05
II. Text Learning
How to Start Your Own Business（如何开始自己创业）
1. The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and reward, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail, and most entrepreneurs exclude thiselves from the possibility. The tragic reality is that when businesses fail, the passion often dies with it.（承上句）By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.（承上启下句）
翻译：和其他的经历不同，自己创业的矛盾之处在于挑战和收益并存。很多企业倒闭，而大多数企业家则能全身而退。然而残酷的现实是，跟着企业一起倒下的，还有创业的激情。然而在准备过程中的一些忠告则会让你比预计的少一些损失。最近我也在创业，并且在其中学习到了一些重要的经验教训，我很荣幸与你分享。
2. 1. Identify your motivation. Why do you want to start your own business? To have more time? To make more money? To be your own boss? To have creative control over what you love to do? Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize thi.（承上启下句）When you see thi listed, you might see a pattern in that you're just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn't the answer.
翻译：1．明确你的动机所在。你为何要创业?为了有更多的时间?为了赚更多的钱?为了自己当老板?为了能有创造性地掌控你喜欢做的事情?写出所有激励你的因素，并排出先后顺序。当你列好以后再看。如果发现你只是对现在的工作不满意，那么创业绝不是你想要的。
3. 2. Identify your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies, and your daily routine. ①If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.
翻译：2．明确你的激情所在。你喜欢做什么?你有什么样的独门绝技?什么能让你对你的工作很兴奋?把激情置于你的商业计划、营销策略和日常生活之前。如果你能保持激情，你就能更加专注于创办公司的目的，而不仅仅是运营。
①If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.
(1) keep sth. in plain sight 显而易见，一览无余
(2) stay focused on 关注于
4 3. Identify your market. If you are starting your business locally, research your competitors. Determine if there is room in the market for your business. What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche market are the other businesses missing? If you are starting an Internet company, research the requirients for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survive without customers, so
doenough research on the front end to determine if there are enough potential clients to keep your business alive.
翻译：3．明确你的市场所在。如果你想在本地创业，关注你的竞争对手。确定市场是否有你的立足之地。你能用什么不同的方式来吸引客户?其他公司缺少什么样的市场定位?如果你打算开创一家网络公司，研究一下你的公司存在的特别之处。客户是你的公司存在之本，因此提前做足研究，确保有足够的潜在客户能维持你的公司。
5. 4. Identify your finances. If you have ever purchased a new home, you know that the financial obligations （债务）extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door opener（车库门遥控开关）, light fixtures and landscaping equipment（景观美化设备）, and before you know it, you've far exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in a business. Do exhaustive（详尽的）financial planning. Meet with a financial advisor（财政顾问）or someone at your bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.
翻译：4．明确你的财政状况。如果你刚买了房，你必须清楚随首付和月供而来的财政义务。你还要添置家具、垃圾桶、车库门遥控开关、灯具和绿化设备。在你反应过来之前，这已经远远超过你的财政预算了。这在创业中是很常见的。做详尽的财政规划。找个财政顾问或者银行专员，核算你在启动和运营公司的时候财务上的可行性。理智规划，做最坏的打算。为经济损失提前做好准备，咨询如何减轻未来可能承受的财政负担。
6. 5. Identify your support systi. Seek out advice from seasoned business owners, even those in your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offer sound advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business owner in your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his or her business practices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counsel before big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors to help guide you in the planning and start-up process.
翻译：5．明确你的支持体系。向经验丰富的企业家求教，包括同领域的。和那些能提出可靠建议和批评的人搞好关系。如果你周围或者朋友圈里有你钦佩的企业家，研究学习他或她的业务实践以及他们如何处理各种情况。做重大决策前多多请教，甚至在规划和启动过程中设立临时董事会来帮助出谋划策。
7. Once you have all of these elients in place, you are prepared to start the process of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing a marketing presence（营销实体）, etc.②Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.
翻译：一旦你已经对上述问题成竹在胸，那么你就可以开始制定商业计划、申请执照、在市场中崭露头角了。能在专业领域拥有自己的公司美不堪言，如果你能时时听取明智的建议，那么你就可以每天激情满满地工作了。②Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.
(1) unparalleled 无双的，无与伦比的，空前的
(2) surround yourself with wise counsel 征求他人的建议
(3) a career that feeds your passion 满足你的热情的事业，充满激情的事业
第21课Unit 5 - 01
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. transcend v. 超出，超越（通常的界限）
2. incessantly adv. 不停地；持续不断地
3. noisily adv. 喧闹地
noise
noisy
4. subtly adv. 不易察觉地；不明显地；微妙地
5. enormity n. 巨大；深远影响；严重性
enormous
6. burden n. （义务、责任等的）重担，负担
7. belief n. 相信；信心
believe
believable
unbelievable
disbelief
8. unique adj. 唯一的；独一无二的；独特的
9. affliction n. 折磨；痛苦
10. especially adv. 尤其；特别；格外
11. tribe n. 部落
12. species n. 种，物种（分类上小于属）
13. discipline n. 自制力；遵守纪律
14. confront v. 处理，解决（问题或困境）
15. evoke v. 引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象）
16. grief n. （尤指因某人去世引起的）悲伤，悲痛，伤心
17. guilt n. 内疚；悔恨
guilty
be guilty of
be / feel guilty about
18. anxiety n. 焦虑；忧虑
anxious
19. anguish n. 剧痛；极度痛苦；苦恼
20. despair n. 绝望
21. uncomfortable adj.（使）焦虑的，尴尬的，害怕的，不自在的
22. physical adj. 身体的；肉体的；躯体的
23. equal v. 比得上；敌得过
24. conflict n. 冲突；争执；争论
25. engender v. 产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）
26. pose v. 造成（威胁、问题等）；引起；产生
27. distinguish v. 区分；辨别；分清
28. wisdom n. 智慧；才智；精明
29. mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上
30. spiritually adv. 精神上；心灵上
31. desire v. 渴望；期望
32. deliberately adv. 故意；蓄意；存心
33. instruct v. 教授；指导
34. dread v. 非常害怕；极为担心
Phrases and Expressions
1. moan about 抱怨
2. a series of 系列；连续
3. because of 因为
4. as well as 除…之外
5. cutting edge （处于某事物发展的）尖端，最前沿，领先阶段
6. call forth 引起；使产生
第22课Unit 5 - 02
II. Text Learning
Life Is Difficult（生活是艰难的）
1. Life Is Difficult.（生活是艰难的。）
2.This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult-once we truly understand and accept it-then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.（承上句）
翻译：这是一条真理，是众多伟大真理之一。一旦我们真正认识了它，才会超越其本身。一旦我们真正认识到生活的艰难所在，真正理解并接受它，生活将不再如那般的艰难，生活是艰难的这一事实，也不会再影响到我们。
3.Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.
翻译：大多数人并未真正认识到生活是艰难的这一事实。
4.Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. ①They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.（承上、总结的句子）
翻译：相反，他们不停地无病呻吟，或是聒噪地，或是微弱地，絮叨着他们所遭遇的种种问题、所承受的负担以及所忍受的苦难，好像生活应该是一帆风顺的。他们或高声抗议，或微弱地嘀咕，认为他们的苦难代表一种特殊的不幸，它不应加诸于他们自己和家人身上，也不应该将降临到他们所处的阶级、国家和民族身上，甚至是种族的身上，更不应该加诸于他物。我深谙这种埋怨，因为我也曾参与其中。
①They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others.
visit sth. on / upon sb./sth. （古）inflict（造成，使遭受）punishment on sb./sth. 对某人/某物进行惩罚
visit the sins of the parents upon their children相当于make the children suffer for
their parent's failings 使子女因父母之过错而受惩罚
5.Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?
翻译：生活是由一系列的问题组成的。我们是抱怨它们还是解决它们?我们想教育我们的孩子去解决它们吗?
6. Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems.（主题句）Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.
翻译：准则是我们解决生活问题所需要的一套基本工具，没有它我们什么也解决不了。部分准则只能解决部分问题，整套准则才能解决所有问题。
7.What make life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain.②Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems.（承上启下句）③And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
翻译：生活的艰辛在于面对和解决问题的痛苦过程。不同性质的问题会让我们产生复杂的情绪：沮丧、悲伤、寂寞、内疚、遗憾、愤怒、恐惧、焦虑、痛苦还有绝望。这些情感上的痛苦和身体上的痛苦一样，有时同最深刻的肉体疼痛一样，让人难受，难以释怀。事实上，正是由那些经历或挣扎冲突在我们的内心引起的疼痛才产生了我们称之为问题的东西。由于生活总会给我们提出一系列无穷无尽的问题，生活才总会充满苦难，带给我们痛并快乐着的体验。
②Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all
that we call them problems. 强调句。去掉it is…that…剩下的部分成立。
③And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
pose an endless series of problems
pose threat
pose danger
pose for a picture
8.④Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our
wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. （承上启下句）As Benjamin Franklin said, "Those things that hurt, instruct." It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.
翻译：然而，正是在面对和解决这些问题的过程中才让生活有了意义。问题是区别我们成败的界限，也召唤出我们的勇气与智慧，事实上，还创造了我们的勇气与智慧。只有经历了这些问题，我们才会得到精神上和心理上的成长。当我们渴望鼓舞人类精神的时候，我们会挑战自我，振奋精神去解决问题，如同我们在学校里故意设置难题让孩子们来解决一样。只有在经历了对抗和解决的痛苦过程后我们才会学有所得。正如本杰明·富兰克林所言：“这些困难会伤害你，也会教导你”。也正因为此，聪明人才不畏痛苦，迎难而上。
④(Paragraph 8) Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. （承上启下句）As Benjamin Franklin said, "Those things that hurt, instruct." It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.
本文出现最多的结构是强调结构。本段中的强调结构有：
（1）Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning.
（2）It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. （本句的语序要留意）
比较：Only because of problems do we grow mentally and spiritually. 类似的还有not until…被强调时，例如：
It was not until midnight that the party broke up.
Not until midnight did the party break up.
（3）It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn.
（4）It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems. 【单选题】8. It was not until the deadline that ______ out the application form.
A．he had sentB．had he sentC．he sentD．did he
send【答案】C【解析】本题考查否定词被强调时，强调结构中that 从句的语序。否定词放在句首句子要用倒装语序，但在强调结构中否定词被强调时，that引导的部分不能倒装，要用陈述句语序。【知识点】否定词被强调时，强调结构中that从句的语序
重点掌握：courage的派生词
courageous
encourage ～sb. to do sth.
discourage ～sb. from doing sth.
encouraging
discouraging
encouragement
discouragement
第23课Unit 5 - 03
III. 部分练习讲解
P201 Bridging the Gap
解题方法：把词分类
动词名词形容词连词介词
focus on the middle inner but than
fit sense
satisfy
thinking of
sense
challenged
The purpose of life is to 1 satisfy the soul, and though acknowledging your accomplishments can help in this effort, it cannot take you the full distance（全程）. The only thing that can satisfy your soul is an answer to the question, who am I? You are an individualized expression of life, of greater consequence and magnitude 2 thananything you will ever accomplish.When we 3 focus onthe fact that we are enough now, the beginning, 4 the middleand the end of every journey - whether it's finding a mate or getting a better job - is filled with a 5 sense of well-being（幸福感）. We may complete an experience and even be thrilled by the outcome, 6 butwe know that we are no more complete than when we started out.You see, we are either enough right now or we're not; and if we are, then we're 7 challenged by our enoughness to live that way.The problem is, most of us don't listen to the 8 innervoice that says, "You're enough because you exist." We ignore it because being enough doesn't 9 fit the image we have ourselves. We have spent so much time 10 thinking ofourselves as not being enough that enoughness seems very far away. We may have a sense of being surrounded by the Life Force（生命的力量）, but we forget that the Life Force is also within us. And if the Life Force is within us, we are enough.
第24课Unit 5 - 04
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. lately adv. 最近；新近；近来；不久前
2. insurmountable adj. （困难、问题等）无法克服的，难以解决的，不可逾越的
3. challenge n. 挑战；艰巨任务
4. battle v.（与…）搏斗；，（与…）斗争
5. desperation n. 绝望；拼命；铤而走险
6. value v. 重视；珍视
7. wand n. 魔杖
8. cheerfully adv. 快乐地；高兴地；兴高采烈地
9. quote v. 引用；引述
10. unreceptive adj. 对新观点、建议等）不愿倾听的，不愿接受的
11. inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
inspire
inspire sb. to (make) more efforts
inspire confidence in sb.
inspiring
12. contact v. 联系，联络（如用电话或信件）
contact sb.
contact lens
13. imagine v. 料想；认为
imaginative
imaginary
imaginable
unimaginable
imagination
请看下面的填空练习：
Fairy tales are all imaginary.
One has to be very imaginative to be a science-fiction writer.
We have encountered unimaginable difficulties in carrying out that policy.
He is very rich in imagination.
14. uncaring adj. 冷漠的；无同情心的
15. life-threatening adj. 可能致命的；威胁着生命的
16. recovery n. 恢复；痊愈
recover from sth.
make a quick recovery from sth.
Phrases and Expressions
1. start over 重新开始
2. on one's feet （困境后）恢复，完全复原；（病后）痊愈
3. struggle with 斗争；抗争
4. walk out on 遗弃，抛弃，离开（某人）
5. bring about 导致；引起
6. fight back 奋力抵抗；还击
第25课Unit 5 - 05
II. Text Learning
Begin Again（重新开始）
①To begin again means that you won't give up. （要重新开始就意味着你不会放弃）
To begin again means you're trying.（要重新开始意味着你正在努力）You can either start over and live your life（你可以重新开始过你的生活）Or spend the rest of your life slowly dying.（也可以慢慢地陨落，度过余生）
It is never the falling that makes us fail.（让我们失败的永远不会是挫折本身）
It is never the pain or the crying.（也不会是痛苦或是哭泣）
You can never fail in life, my friend,（你永远不会失败的，我的朋友）②Unless you give up trying.（除非你放弃了尝试）
---- Bob Perks （鲍勃·珀克斯）①To begin again means that you won't give up.
mean doing sth./ mean that/ mean sth. 意味着，意思是，指的是mean to do sth. 打算做某事，想要做某事
例如：
Loving a person doesn't mean dying for him or her.
This result doesn't mean that you haven't worked hard.
Love means mutual respect.
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
②Unless you give up trying.
give up doing sth.
give up smoking / trying
注意区分：give in
give in to the enemy / money
【单选题】9. The new order will mean _______ overtime as far as
we are concerned..
A．workingB．to workC．to be workingD．work
【答案】A【解析】本题考查mean的用法。mean doing sth.意思是"意味着，意思是，指的是"，而mean to do sth.意思是"打算做某事"。本句意思是"对我们来说这一新订单意味着加班加点"，故选A。【知识点】mean的用法
It seems lately that more and more of my friends are facing some seemingly insurmountable challenges in their lives. A few have lost their jobs and some have failed marriages. All too many have health issues or are battling cancer.
翻译：最近似乎有越来越多的朋友们都面临着生活中一些看似不可克服的挑战。有几个已经失去了工作，有几个遭遇了失败的婚姻，还有许多有着健康问题或正在与癌症抗争。
③I don't know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice or whether they have come to value our friendship. But it is difficult, to say the least, to offer words of hope when all they feel is hopelessness. They expect answers, some magic waving of a wand, or a roadmap to get them back on their feet again.
翻译：我不知道，是绝望迫使他们向我寻求建议，还是他们来考验我们之间的友谊的。但当他们所能感受到的尽是绝望时，我很难为他们说上几句充满希望的话语。他们期望答案，期待着魔杖挥舞的奇迹或者是可以让他们重新振作起来的一张路线图。
③I don't know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice or whether they have come to value our friendship.
turn to sb. for sth.
turn to sb. for comfort
turn to sb. for help / advice
I have often struggled with what to say. Mostly because I have
Unit 2 Text A salesgirl n.女售货员 couple n.几个，一对 glance vi.看一下瞥一眼He glanced nervously at his watch when he was waiting for the bus. uncomfortable a.不舒服的，不自在的 behave vi 举止 desire vt.想望, 期望, 希望, 请求(官方丈礼)n.愿望, 心愿, 要求v.要求 They showed a desire to improve relations. She desires that he (should) do it at once. distant a.在远处的，疏远的 outsider n.外人，局外人，门外汉 feature n.特征，特色 mark n.标志, 分数, 痕迹, 记号 You’d better make some marks while reading. vt.做标记于, 打分数, 标志vi.作记号 Please mark all of the large cities on this map. adapt vt.使适应, 改编 Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? adopt vt.采用, 收养 They were trying to persuade the UN to adopt an aggressivenly anti-American resolution. accent n.重音, 口音, 重音符
2014年4月自考英语二00015试题及答案 第一部分：阅读判断（10*1分） Running: sport or way of life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there’s nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortabl e clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you d on’t need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But d on’t be fool ed into thinking the sport of running is easy. It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscl es. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you d on’t get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more cl early. How d o you get engaged in the sport if you d on’t know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simpl e Internet search can help you find some in your area. The programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you’ll see peopl e cheering for all the runners. Running isn’t always about how fast you are running or how far you’re going. It’s about getting out there and d oing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent. It you’re looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you. 1.You may find it interesting to go for a run. A.True B. False C. Not Given 2.The sport of running is easy. A.True B. False C. Not Given 3.It’s hard to find a safe environment for running.
Unit 11 Cyber World I. New words and expressions New words 1. chatline n. （消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务 2. variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 vary vary from…to… 比较：range / shift from…to… various 3. romance n. 恋爱；爱情 romantic 4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的 5. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的 6. script n. 剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿 7. intimacy n . 亲密；关系密切 intimate 8. initial adj. 最初的；开始的 9. perceive v. 将…视为；认为 10. avalanche n. 雪崩；山崩 11. literary adj. 文学的；文学上的 literature literal literary
literate liberal 12. verse n. 诗；韵文 13. animated adj. 栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的 14. inclination n. 倾向；意愿 incline inclined 15. sweaty adj. 满是汗的；汗津津的 16. palm n. 手掌；手心 17. vary v. 相异；不同 18. convey v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等） 19. polish v. 修改；润饰；润色 20. intellect n. （尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力 21. personality n. 性格；个性；人格 22. sequence n. 顺序；次序 23. reverse v. 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反 24. veil v. 掩饰；掩盖 unveil 揭露，揭开 25. intellectual adj. 智力的；脑力的；理智的 26. familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓 familiar familiarize
Unit 2 Mistakes to Success I. New words and expressions New words 1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出 2. respond v. 作出反应；响应 respond to… response 3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问 4. creative adj. 创作的 5. occur v. 发生；出现 It occurred to me that… 6. remove v. 拿开；去掉 7. refrigerator n. 冰箱 8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓 9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走） 10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物 11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的 12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫 13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责 14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁 15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 rare animals / stamps Rarely is he late for class. 16. puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 17. eventually 最后；终于 18. restore v. 使复原；使复位；使复职 19. sponge n. 海绵块 20. effectively adv. 有效地 effective ineffective 注意区分：effective / efficient 21. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 22. discover v. 了解到；认识到；查明 discovery 23. grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢 24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿
2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market __16__ they were
2013年新版英语二讲义（全）Unit 1 The Power of Language I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions Ne w wor ds 1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的 2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学 3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场 4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态 5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑 out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on 6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估 7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉 8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观 va lu abl e in va lua bl e=pr ic el es s va lu eles s 9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es enta tiv e a dj./n. 10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言 11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的 Suf f ic ienc y ins uf f ic ient 12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料 13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体 14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗 an/th e a uthor it y o n s th. auth or i ze 15. c om par e v. 比较；对比 c om par e A w ith B c om par e A t o B 16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材 17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的 18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致 19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设 20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例 in c as e
Lesson 38 Everything except the weather唯独没有考虑到天气Why did Harrison sell his house so quickly? My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather. 参考译文 我的老朋友哈里森在回到英国以前曾多年居住在地中海地区。过去他常幻想退休后到英国，并计划在乡间安顿下来。他刚一回到英国便买下了一幢房子住了进去。但紧接着他就开始抱怨那里的天气了。因为即使那时仍为夏季，但雨总是下个不停，而且常常冷得厉害。在阳光下生活了那么多年的哈里森对此感到惊奇。他的举动就好像他从未在英国生活过一样。最后，他再也忍受不住，还没等安顿下来就卖掉了房子，离开了这个国家。他多年来的幻想从此破灭。哈里森把每件事情都考虑到了，唯独没想到天气。 【New words and expressions】（6） except prep．除了，除了…外 eg. Except a broken chair, the room has no furniture. 除了一把破椅子，这间房子里什么也没有。（chair与furniture性质相同） except for eg. Except for a broken chair, the room is empty. 除了一把破椅子外，这间房子是空的。 except for没有“所指项目类别”的限制 except that eg. I know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of Oxford University.
Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges I. New words and expressions New words 1. hurdle n. hurdles [pl.]跨栏赛；栏架，跨栏；难关，障碍 2. negative n. 否定词；否定；拒绝 adj. 坏的；有害的 3. despair v. 绝望；失去希望；丧失信心 4. petty adj. 小的：琐碎的；次要的 5. individual adj. 一个人的；供一个人用的 6. lane n. （比赛的）跑道，泳道 7. spot n. 地点；场所；处所 8. symbolize v. 象征；是…的象征；代表 symbol -ize常用的动词后缀：modernize, globalize, economize 9. incredibly adv. 极端地；极其 credible 可靠的，可信的 credibly 变副词时需省略-e的形容词有simple, true, credible, believable simply, truly, (in)credibly, (un)believably 10. positive adj. 良好的；正面的 11. tough adj. 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的 12. arise v. 发生；产生；出现 arise from sth. 区分：arouse / arise arouse one's anger / respect / sympathy 13. lost adj. 不知所措的；一筹莫展的 14. leap v. 跳跃 15. yard n. 码 16. inch n. 英寸 17. cinch n. 很容易的事；小莱 Phrases and Expressions 1. line up 排成一行；站队；排队（等侯） 2. end up最终成为；最后处于 end up (in) doing sth. end up begging / being arrested end up as a beggar / prisoner / millionaire
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation B.evidence C.transaction D.motivation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. A.to B .for C.on D.at 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. A.request B.require C.inquire D.acquire 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. A.I realized B.did I realize C.I did realize D.realized I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. A.appreciate B.admire C.enjoy D.like 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that B.and C.hence D.as 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. A.going through B.going in for C.going after D.going over 10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. A.putting out B.turning out C.working out D.running out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 Unit 12 A Break from Life I. New words and expressions New words 1. cranky adj. 脾气坏的 2. laundry n. 要（或正在）洗的衣物；刚洗好的衣物 3. resemble v. 看起来像；显得像；像 resemble: take after resemblance 4. throb n. （强烈有规律的）跳动；阵阵的疼痛 5. subside v. 趋于平静；平息；减弱；消退 6. ache v. 疼痛；隐痛 7. joint n. 关节 8. shuffle v. 拖着脚走 9. wiggle v. （使）扭动，摆动，摇动 10. sniffle n. 抽鼻子（声） 11. tissue n. (尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸 12. pillow n. 枕头 13. crack v. 找到解决（难题等的）方法 14. contagious adj. 患接触性传染病的 15. germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 16. resourceful adj. 机敏的；足智多谋的；随机应变的 17. scrounge v. 觅取；搜寻 18. nurture v. 养育；养护；培养 19. chore n. 令人厌烦的任务、乏味无聊的工作 20. respite n. 暂停；暂缓 21. manufacture v. 编造；捏造 22. symptom n. 症状 23. pamper v. 细心照顾；精心护理；娇惯；纵容
24. hermit n. 隐土；隐修者；遁世者 25. gel n. 凝胶，冻胶（尤指用于头发或护肤的产品） 26. hearty adj. 大的；丰盛的 27. chamomile n. 苹果菊；春黄菊；甘菊 28. vanilla-scented adj. 香草味的 29. gingerly adv. 谨慎地；小心翼翼地；轻手轻脚地 30. grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 be grateful to sb. for sth. ungrateful 比较：graceful disgraceful 31. spa n. 水疗 32. tub n. 浴缸；浴盆 33. drain n. 下水道；排水管 34. refresh v. 使恢复精力；使凉爽 35. emotionally adv. 感情上地；情感上地 emotion emotional 36. empower v. 增加（某人的）自主权；使控制局势 37. permission n. 准许；许可；批准 permit 38. justify v. 对…作出解释；为…辩解（或辩护） 39. awareness n. 知道；认识；意识 Phrases and Expressions 1. pile up 堆积；积压 2. come down with患，得，染上（小病） 3. slip away 消失；消亡；死去 4. respond to 作出反馈；响应 5. care for 照顾，照料（病、老、幼者等） 6. tend to 照料；照管；护理
高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market __16__ they were not
辅导课题：新概念2 lesson 8 提分第一阶段：复习上节课内容和遗忘知识点 单词短语听写 提分第二阶段：梳理本节课知识要点，查漏补缺 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的 【课文】 Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competit ion' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and gro ws more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do n ot like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town! 【课文翻译】 乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大，他比乔也更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔的花园更富有情趣。他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。我也喜欢花园，但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖! 【生词和短语】 competition n. 比赛，竞赛 neat adj. 整齐的，整洁的 path n. 小路，小径
? UNIT 1 ? 重点单词和短语 ? objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue define ? interview prospect ? course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? apply for (to) ? have no idea bring about take the trouble to do ? put oneself in one’s place ? to one’s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down (up, on, off, out, over, back) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. ? 解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made 是过去分词；from among 为二重介词 ? 例：We’ll inform you as soon as tickets become _____. (06-4) ? A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available (D) ? 2. … some suggest that the management process is decision making. ? 解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表示建议意思， 后面用虚拟语气。 ? 例：It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held (hold)at some other time. ? 3. … decision m aking includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them. ? 解析：as well as意思是既…又… ? 4. In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all. ? 解析：助动词do在肯定句中用在动词之前表示强调，意思是 确实。 ? 5. … but do not let it worry you too much. ? 解析：动词let, make, have, hear, see, observe等词之后的 宾语补足语为省略to 的 不定式结构。 ? 6. There is little likelihood that … ? 对比：There is a/ every/no likelihood that/of ? 例：The two sisters are ___ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament.(06-4) ? A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively (C) ? ? UNIT2 ? 重点单词和短语 ? exert collapse shrink basis launch convince operate revolve glitter unlikely (be likely to) whereas concerned (be concerned about) plateau ? in theory apply to depend on research into swallow up make use of together with in every respect in other words consist of a great many under the circumstances make a difference above all as a rule ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? 例：I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and ___ kind. (06-4) ? A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all (A) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable… ? 例：爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝 对的时间和空间。 (05-4-68) ? 2. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. ? 例1：It is on Friday ___ we will hold the meeting. ? A. that B. when C. in that time D. what (A) ? 例2: As a painter, Ted was very ___ about the colors he used. (03-10) ? A. specific B. special C. peculiar D. particular (D) ? 3. The earth is one of mine planets which move in orbit round the sun. ? 对比：The earth is the only one of the nine planets which has life on it. ? 4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. ? 解析：数词+times + as +形容词+as是表示倍数的表达法。 ? 例：It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3. (unit 6 text B) ? 5. The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas, and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves. ? 解析：the+比较级，the+比较级结构，意思是越…越…，第一 个从句中谓语动词不 用倒装，第二个从句谓语动词可以用倒装，也可以用正装语气。 ? 例：___ we are, ___ we become. ? A. the oldest; the wiser B. older; wiser ? C. the older, the more wise D. the older; the wiser (D) ? UNIT 3 ? 重点单词和短语 ? deteriorate debate (on/upon) request ensure oppose(be opposed to) burden sensitive privilege appoint bias accessible ? recruit ? be affected with carry out in addition to in this case open up care for take into account have …at heart be sensitive to opt out of for short amount to