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化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含答案

化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含答案
化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含答案

化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含

答案

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化学专业英语试卷

学号:姓名:成绩: 一:把下列单词或词组译成英文(本题共 30 分,每小题 1 分)

1. Ni(ClO4)2 nickel perchlorate

3. FeCl2 iron(2)chloride

5. Al(NO3)3 aluminum nitrate

7. MnO2 manganese dioxide

9. N2O3 dinatrogen trioxide

11. NaClO sodium hypochloride

13. P2O5 diphosphorous pentaoxide

15. KMnO4 patassium permangate

17. 盐酸hydrochloric acid

19. KCN patassium cyanide

21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷5-methyl-4-propylnonaane

23. 四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride

25. 中和neutralize

27. 比热容specific heat capacity

29. 酸酐anhytride 2. CuSO4 copper sulfate

4. CoCO3 cobalt carbate

6. Ca(C2H3O2)2 calcium acetate

8. H2SO4

10. 六氰合铁(Ⅱ)酸钾

12. Ag2SO3 sliver sulfite

14. 草酸铅 lead cyanate

16. Zn(OH)2 zinc hydroxide

18. 磷酸根 phosphate

20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷2,3-dimethylpentane

22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷2,3,7-trimethyl-5-ethyloctane 24. 石蕊试纸litmus paper

26. 滴定titration

28. 非电解质electrolyte

30. 配位化合物complex compound

三. 把下列短文译成汉语(本题共 40 分,每小题 10 分)

1. Without chemistry our lives would be unrecognisable, for chemistry is at work all around us. Think what life would be like without chemistry - there would be no plastics, no electricity and no protective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldn’t be able to travel because there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no drugs to fight disease.

没有化学反应我们的生活将会大变样,化学就在我们周围。没有化学生活会是什么样子——没有塑料,,家里没有电,也没有防护漆。不会给我们合成纤维,没有化肥帮助我们生产足够的食物。我们不能旅行,因为不会有金属、橡胶或燃料汽车、船只和飞机。我们的生活将会大大改变了没有电话、收音机、电视或电脑,所有这些依赖化学生产的部分。没有药物来抵抗疾病,预期寿命将低得多。

2. The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussed. and expanded upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on a macroscopic scale — that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules — can be understood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model of the behavior of matter in bulk. The power of such a model is that it does not depend on atomic

or molecular structure. Furthermore, conclusions about a given process .based on this model, do not require details of how the process is carried out.

探讨热力学第一和第二定律和熵的意义.和扩展在这个知识。也就是说它将表明能源在宏观上的转换,根据一组逻辑原则可以理解能量在大量的原子或分子内的转换。因此热力学定理提供了一个物质体积变化的模型。这样一个模型的能力在于它不依赖于原子或分子结构。此外,给定进程的结论依托于这种模式,不需要的详细说明过程是如何进行的3.Preparation of [Cu(en)2(cda)H2O]: H2cda (4-羟基-2,6 吡啶二酸) g, mmol) was dissolved in water (10 mL) and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 7~8 with aqueous NaOH solution molL-1), then adding it dropwise to a methanol solution (10mL) of

Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O , and ethylenediamine mmol) under stirring at room temperature. After the resulting small quantity of precipitates was filtered off, dark blue crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of the filtrate at room temperature.

制备[CU(en)2(cda)H2O]:使克,的4 -羟基2、6吡啶二酸溶解在10ml水中加入氢氧化钠水溶液调整到pH值7 ~ 8,然后将它一滴一滴地添加到Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O,的乙醇溶液和乙二胺,在室温下搅拌。在室温下,缓慢蒸发滤液,得到深蓝色晶体,用x射线分析它的结构

4. Measure 50 ml of vinegar with a pipette and pour into a 250-ml beaker. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Fill a burette with a 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and draw out the excess as described above. From the burette add NaOH to the beaker of vinegar until 1 drop of NaOH produces a pale pink color in the solution. Maintain constant stirring. The appearance of pink tells you that the acid has been neutralized by the base and there is now 1 drop of excess base which has turned the indicator. Read the burette and record this reading as the volume of base used to neutralize the acid. One molecule of NaOH neutralizes one molecule of acetic acid, or one gram-molecular weight of NaOH neutralizes one gram-molecular weight of acetic acid. Calculate the amount of acetic acid present in the vinegar. Report this amount as the percentage of acetic acid.

用移液管吸取50ml醋加入到250毫升烧杯,加2滴酚酞指示剂。在滴定管中加入1M的氢氧化钠溶液,去除刻度线以上的溶液,将氢氧化钠溶液加入到醋中,并不断震荡,至到加入一滴氢氧化钠溶液变成粉红色。出现粉红色的颜色,表示酸中和了碱,而且多余的一滴碱使指示剂变色。阅读并纪律中和酸消耗碱的体积。一个分子的氢氧化钠中和一个分子的醋酸,或一个分子重量的氢氧化钠中和一个分子重量的醋酸反应。计算醋酸在醋的量。报告醋酸的百分比。

(完整版)化学类专业英语词汇.doc

专业英语词汇 Unit 1TEXT A : Chemical Reactions and Group Reactions customary a. 通常的,惯例的 handle n.柄vt.触摸 handling n.处理,管理 derive vt.取得,得到,衍生 oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n. satisfactory a.令人满意的,符合要求的 rapid a.快的,迅速的,动作快的 combustion n.燃烧 somewhat pron. ad. 一点点,几分,有点 effort n.努力 commercial a.商业的,商务的 undesirable a不.合需要的,不受欢迎的,讨厌的 retard vt.延迟,放慢,使停滞 transformer n.变压器 transform vt.改变,转变 automotive a.自动的,机动的,汽车的 cracked裂化的 sluge n.软泥,淤泥 stiff a.硬的,强烈的 extent 广度,程度 distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi. unrefined a.未精致,未提炼的 acidity n.酸味,酸性acidify vt. Vi. Involve vt. 包缠,卷缠 Fell=following Individual a.个人的,个体的 Presumable a可.假定的,可推测的 Destruction n.破坏,毁灭 Overall n。 a.全面的,综合的 Exceed 超过,胜过 Isolate vt.隔离,孤立,使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析,分解 Carbonyl 羰基 Carboxyl羧基 Hydroxyl羟基 Decomposition分解 Alkyl烷基,烃基

化学专业英语试卷B答案

, 每小题2分,共

20分) 1、 NaCN Sodium cyanide 2、 Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide 3、 KMnO 4 Potassium permanganate 4、 H 2SO 4 Sulfuric acid 5、 ZnSO 4 zinc sulfate or zinc sulphate 6、 FeS Iron (II) sulfide or Ferrous sulfide 7、 H 3PO 4 phosphoric acid 8、 H 2SO 3 Sulfurous acid 9、 HClO 4 Perchloric acid 10、FeCl 3 iron (III) chloride or ferric chloride 二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称(共5小题, 每小题4分,共20分) 1. 甲乙醚 ethyl methyl ether 2. 对甲基苯酚 4-methyl phenol 3. 苯乙烯 styrene 4. CH 3CH =C(CH 2CH 3) CH 2 OH 2-ethyl-2-buten-1-ol 5. (CH 3)3CCH 2CH 2OH 4,4-dimethyl-1-butanol or 4,4-dimethyl butanol 三、英译汉(共10小题, 每小题4分,共40分) 1、 Carbon-sodium and carbon-potassium bonds are largely ionic in character; carbon-lead, carbon-tin, carbon-thallium and carbon-mercury bonds are essentially covalent. 碳-钠键和碳-钾键有较大的离子性,碳-铅键,碳-锡键,碳-铊键和碳-汞键基本上属于共价键。 2、 The reactivity of organometallic compounds increases with the percent ionic character of the carbon-metal bond. 金属有机化合物的反应活性随着碳金属键中离子性所占的百分数的增大而增强。 3、 Organometallic compounds of lithium and magnesium are of great importance in organic synthesis. 锂和镁的金属有机化合物在有机合成上有重大的意义。

环境化学期末考试试卷

华南农业大学期末考试试卷(A卷) 一填空题(14*1.5’=21’) 1.对于生物来说,任何物质包括机体需要的宏量和微量元素,只有 时才是有益的。过量和不足对生物都会引起危害,这就是化学物质的生物效应。 2.积聚膜的粒子不易被干、湿沉降去除,其归宿主要是。3如果在光化学系统的初级过程中,激发态分子分解产生了后,可引发进一步的暗反应。 4在大气污染物的颗粒物中,可吸入颗粒物的粒径范围是< μm。 5在水环境中,溶质离子以的形式与胶体物质进行作用,从而被吸附的过程被称为专性吸附。 6多氯代二苯并二恶英和苯并a芘的化学结构式分别为 和。 7 水中含有机质的固体物质对溶解在水中的憎水有机化合物的吸附特征 是。8从根系和叶片吸收的F最终会积累在植物的部位。 9一般地,砷酸盐的沉积量与水中磷酸盐含量成比例关系。 10生物转化和是多氯联苯的主要转化过程,随取代的氯原子数目的增加,降解和转化都会越来越难。 11 氟对牙齿和骨骼的形成与结构均有很重要的功能,因在牙齿中会形成, 在牙齿表面形成坚硬的保护层,但摄入过量的氟化物会出现症状。 12 在常规的简单化学沉淀物中,以各类金属离子的形态沉淀的溶度积最低,常用来去除污水中的重金属。 13 硒是人体必须的营养元素,原因是 。 14 环境激素的阻碍对象主要是,它可能抑制该类物质合成过程中某些酶的活性,使酶的功能丧失,致使该类物质不能合成。

二请从备选答案中选出一个或多个正确答案的代码,填入括号中。(10*1.5’=15’) 1 以下关于气溶胶粒子的三模态的叙述正确的是( ) A爱根核模的粒径小于2.5μm, 积聚模的粒径为2.5~10μm, 粗粒子模的粒径为大于10μm; B爱根核模的粒径小于0.05μm,积聚模的粒径为大于2μm, 粗粒子模的粒径为0.05~2μm; C爱根核模的粒径为0.05~2μm, 积聚膜的粒径小于0.05μm, 粗粒子模的粒径为大于2μm; D爱根核模的粒径小于0.05μm, 积聚模的粒径为0.05~2μm, 粗粒子模的粒径为大于2μm; 2 对流层大气中最重要的吸光物质是( ) A. NO2 ; B. O3; C. HCHO; D. HNO2 ; E. SO2; F. ROOR’. 3 SO 2被氧化成SO 3 形成酸雨的方式主要有() A.SO 2 的气相氧化; B.SO 2 的间接光氧化; C.微生物氧化; D.SO 2 的液相氧化; 4若水体中的酸碱度只是以碳酸和碳酸盐构成,则关于酸度可表示为下式( ) A酸度[ CO 32 -]+[HCO 3 -]+[ OH-]-[H+] B. 酸度=2[H 2 CO 3 ]+[HCO 3 -]+[H+]-[ OH-] C酸度=2[ CO 32 -]+[HCO 3 -]+[ OH-]-[H+] D. 酸度= [H 2 CO 3 ]+[HCO 3 -]+[H+]-[ OH-] 5 重金属污染最大的一个特点是( ) A. 会在生物体内蓄积富集; B.毒性大,污染严重; C. 不能被降解而消除; D.迁移转化的形式多种多样. 6 以下元素已经证实属于会干扰内分泌的环境激素包括() A.Cd; B. Cr; C. Pb; D. Hg; E. Cu. 7当亨利常数在下列哪个范围内,挥发作用受液相控制()。 A. K H > 1.013*102 Pa·m3/mol ; B. K H > 1.013 Pa·m3/mol ; C. K H <1.013*102 Pa·m3/mol; D. K H < 1.013 Pa·m3/mol。

化学专业英语翻译1

01.THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01元素和元素周期 表。 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z. 原子核中的质子数的原子称为原子序数,或质子数,卓电子数的电中性的原子也等于原子序数Z,总质量的原子是非常接近的总数量的质子和中子在原子核。这被称为质量数,这个数的原子中的中子,中子数,给出了所有的数量 The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of

有机化学常用词缀及单词

有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀 acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰 acid 酸 -al 醛 alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱 allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)] alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺 amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒 -amine 胺 -ane 烷 anhydride 酐 anilino- 苯胺基 aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶 -ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔 azo- 偶氮 benzene 苯 bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐 bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴 butyl 丁基 -carbinol 甲醇 carbonyl 羰基 -carboxylic acid 羧酸 centi- 10-2 chloro- 氯代 cis- 顺式 condensed 缩合的、冷凝的 cyclo- 环 deca- 十 deci 10-1 -dine 啶 dodeca- 十二

-ene 烯 epi- 表 epoxy- 环氧 -ester 酯 -ether 醚 ethoxy- 乙氧基 ethyl 乙基 fluoro- 氟代 form 仿 -glycol 二醇 hemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七 heptadeca- 十七 hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六 -hydrin 醇 hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基 hypo- 低级的,次 hyper- 高级的,高 -ic 酸的,高价金属 -ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰 -imine 亚胺 iodine 碘 iodo- 碘代 iso- 异,等,同 -ite 亚酸盐 keto- 酮 ketone 酮 -lactone 内酯 mega- 106 meta- 间,偏 methoxy- 甲氧基 methyl 甲基

化学专业英语-化学专业英语课-期末考试试卷含答案

化学专业英语试卷 学号:姓名:成绩: 一:把下列单词或词组译成英文(本题共30 分,每小题 1 分) 1. Ni(ClO4)2 nickel perchlorate 3. FeCl2 iron(2)chloride 5. Al(NO3)3 aluminum nitrate 7. MnO2 manganese dioxide 9. N2O3 dinatrogen trioxide 11. NaClO sodium hypochloride 13. P2O5 diphosphorous pentaoxide 15. KMnO4 patassium permangate 17. 盐酸hydrochloric acid 19. KCN patassium cyanide 21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷5-methyl-4-propylnonaane 23. 四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride 25. 中和neutralize 27. 比热容specific heat capacity 29. 酸酐anhytride 2. CuSO4 copper sulfate 4. CoCO3 cobalt carbate 6. Ca(C2H3O2)2 calcium acetate 8. H2SO4 10. 六氰合铁(Ⅱ)酸钾 12. Ag2SO3 sliver sulfite 14. 草酸铅lead cyanate 16. Zn(OH)2 zinc hydroxide 18. 磷酸根phosphate 20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷 2,3-dimethylpentane 22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷2,3,7-trimethyl-5-ethyloctane 24. 石蕊试纸litmus paper 26. 滴定titration 28. 非电解质electrolyte 30. 配位化合物complex compound 三. 把下列短文译成汉语(本题共40 分,每小题10 分) 1. Without chemistry our lives would be unrecognisable, for chemistry is at work all around us. Think what life would be like without chemistry - there would be no plastics, no electricity and no protective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldn’t be able to travel because there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no drugs to fight disease. 没有化学反应我们的生活将会大变样,化学就在我们周围。没有化学生活会是什么样子——没有塑料,,家里没有电,也没有防护漆。不会给我们合成纤维,没有化肥帮助我们生产足够的食物。我们不能旅行,因为不会有金属、橡胶或燃料汽车、船只和飞机。我们的生活将会大大改变了没有电话、收音机、电视或电脑,所有这些依赖化学生产的部分。没有药物来抵抗疾病,预期寿命将低得多。 2.The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussed. and expanded upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on a macroscopic scale — that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules — can be understood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model of the behavior of matter in bulk. The power of

物理化学期末考试试题库-2017(附答案与解析)

物理化学期末考试试题库-2017(附答案与解析)

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3生化学反应时,其内能一定变化 (B) 在无功过程中, 内能变化等于过程热, 这表明内能增量不一定与热力学过程无关 (C) 封闭系统在指定的两个平衡态之间经历绝热变化时, 系统所做的功与途径无关 (D) 气体在绝热膨胀或绝热压缩过程中, 其内能的变化值与过程完成的方式无关 答案:C 。因绝热时ΔU =Q +W =W 。(A )中无热交换、无体积功故ΔU =Q +W =0。(B )在无功过程中ΔU =Q ,说明始末态相同热有定值,并不说明内能的变化与过程有关。(D )中若气体绝热可逆膨胀与绝热不可逆膨胀所做的功显然是不同的,故ΔU 亦是不同的。这与内能为状态函数的性质并不矛盾,因从同一始态出发,经绝热可逆膨胀与绝热不可逆膨胀不可能到达同一终态。 5.关于节流膨胀, 下列说法正确的是 (A) 节流膨胀是绝热可逆过程(B)节流膨胀中系统 的内能变化(C)节流膨胀中系统的焓值改变(D)节流过程中多孔塞两边的压力不断变化 答案:B 6.在实际气体的节流膨胀过程中,哪一组描述是正确的: (A )Q H =p < 0 (B )Q =H p >0 (C )Q =H =p <0 (D ) Q H =p <0 答案:C 。节流膨胀过程恒焓绝热且压力降低。

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