English Examination for Graduates (Paper A)
20111229
I. Listening Comprehension (20%)
Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
1. A. He read a lot of books on management.
B. He made every step safe enough.
C. He prepared himself well beforehand.
D. He had knowledge for the next phase.
2. A. news reporter B. American dream
C. lucky boy
D. poor child
3. A. generals B. committees C. armies D. schools
4. A. reading different books B. attending seminars
C. listening to audiotapes
D. learning on one’s own
5. A. face-to-face contact B. eyeball-to-eyeball contact
C. person-to-person contact
D. call-to-call contact
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
6. A. More and more people take up the habit of smoking.
B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in the USA.
C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking.
D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country.
7. A. age, income and education
B. age, sex and income
C. occupation, income and sex
D. occupation, income and education
8. A. City people are less likely to smoke.
B. People in rural areas are more likely to smoke.
C. Men with higher incomes tend to smoke.
D. Well –educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke.
9. A. The situation is quite the same for women as for men.
B. Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily.
C. There are more women smokers with low incomes.
D. Women with higher incomes and higher education do not tend to smoke.
10. A. The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers.
B. The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men.
C. High school students are more likely to smoke than college students.
D. Farmers? children tend to smoke more.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
11. A. crying one’s goods in the street B. signs with pictures
C. wall paintings
D. wall signs
12. A. signs with pictures B. tools over doors
C. wall paintings
D. symbols
13. A. Because they are most recently developed.
B. Because they can be understood by those who can neither read nor write.
C. Because they are cheap and fast.
D. Because they can be heard everywhere in a country.
14. A. Only some large companies can afford radio commercials.
B. Outdoor advertisements make up a small proportion of modern advertising.
C. Ads printed in newspapers are one of the most popular forms of advertising.
D. The ads called car trucks are almost part of our life.
15. A. modern advertising B. development of advertising
C. origin of advertising
D. significance of advertising
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
16. A. An educational institution that is open to anyone who wants to receive higher
education.
B. An educational institution that conducts courses by means of television,
radio and correspondence courses.
C. An educational institution that is free of charge to all the students.
D. An educational institution that conducts its courses through open discussions.
17. A. They laughed at it. B. They doubted whether it would work.
C. They supported it.
D. They rejected it.
18. A. Because of its serious financial problems.
B. Because of the lack of support from the government and the public.
C. Because of the lack of qualified teachers.
D. Because of the limited number of courses it could conduct.
19. A. Seminars and lectures open to less advanced students are held from time
to time.
B. Short-term training courses are organized in different cities across the country.
C. Over a dozen study centers have been set up all over the country.
D. Special revision programs are broadcast on radio and TV.
20. A. The Open University is the best form of higher education.
B. When it was first on the air only a few people thought the Open University would succeed.
C. British people prefer the Open University to other universities.
D. The Open University is very good for those who want to strike a balance between further, education, career and family.
II. Vocabulary (25%)
Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.
21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.
A. choose
B. spend
C. expand
D. optimize
22. Teachers’ unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early year teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.
A. praising
B. promoting
C. undervaluing
D. developing
23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into default and not to dispose of any ________.
A. collateral
B. corporation
C. debt
D. exchange
24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably ________ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.
A. increase
B. encroach
C. step
D. ride
25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making their way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.
A. ignorant
B. impervious
C. resented
D. responsive
26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officers, who work under great ________.
A. press
B. backfire
C. duress
D. screen
27. Margate is sure that the scientific and technological ________ that has been developed is real and extremely valuable.
A. synergy
B. formation
C. energy
D. match
28. They suggest therefore that greater emphasis be given to housing ________ in evaluating relative deprivation.
A. termination
B. removal
C. provision
D. tenure
29. Are you sure that my staying here won’t be an/a ________ into your domestic affairs?
A. intention
B. trouble
C. threat
D. intrusion
30. She remained there until last night when an ambulance took her to ________ with
a family in nearby Newton.
A. discover
B. revitalize
C. recuperate
D. reformulate
31. Sunlight streamed into the church and through the stained glass windows, and
a smell of grass and flowers ________ the air.
A. flowed
B. permeated
C. penetrated
D. indulged
32. Loss of license contact is a real ________ to potential traders in smuggled cigarettes.
A. deterrent
B. detail
C. detain
D. determine
33. As these problems multiply and ________ resources, the range of options available to the organization increasingly narrows.
A. deplete
B. decrease
C. lessen
D. formulate
34. For years, frequent flooding eventually ________ all traces of the community that used to live there.
A. killed
B. released
C. obliterated
D. measured
35. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds ________ for Social Security.
A. remarked
B. earmarked
C. rebound
D. reduced
36. Members of extreme right wing parties are completely opposed to the ________ of blacks into
white South African society.
A. combination
B. formulation
C. integration
D. segregation
37. Nevertheless, to conceive of parents as utterly static in the child’s psychological life is likely to become the ________ of the picture grossly.
A. distortion
B. reflection
C. representation
D. confusion
38. Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendations to help the ________ of debt problems afflicting cattle producers.
A. involvement
B. release
C. alleviation
D. reflection
39. The Piscataway school district in New Jersey had to dismiss one high school business teacher both by the government and local authorities.
A. inflation
B. provision
C. concentration
D. constraints
40. By setting up such a system yourself, you are potentially ________ any security systems your company has in place.
A. providing
B. alleviating
C. promoting
D. circumventing
41. The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textile imports from China will definitely the bilateral trade in other areas.
A. widen
B. thwart
C. recover
D. complete
42. Friction between the generations is ________ when younger staff grasp the new idea and their creativity is suddenly released.
A. widened
B. exacerbated
C. recovered
D. competitive
43. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is somehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai” doesn’t have a negative _______ in Chinese.
A. position
B. intention
C. extension
D. connotation
44. Henry Kissinger was also ________ and frustrated by the Communists during his secret negotiations with them.
A. fooled
B. overjoyed
C. confronted
D. confounded
45. Because of their past crimes, everything they do now will be subject to ________.
A. utility
B. quality
C. scrutiny
D. honesty
III. Reading Comprehension (20%)
Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question. Passage 1
The heart is made up almost entirely of muscle. It is a large, tough organ, about the size of a clenched fist. It is positioned on the centre line of the body, about halfway down the chest, just beneath the breastbone. It is tilted so that the lower end points toward the left.
The heart is basically a pump, which forces blood through a network of tubes, or blood vessels, throughout the whole body. Each of the billions of living cells that make up the body needs oxygen and food in order to live, and these are supplied by the blood. The circulation of the blood consists of two parts. First the blood is pumped from the heart, around the body, and is returned to the heart. At this
stage oxygen has been used up, and waste materials like carbon dioxide (CO2) have entered the bloodstream. But, instead of being pumped back around the body, the blood is now pumped to the lungs, where oxygen is replaced and CO2, removed. Then the blood is pumped back to the heart and around the body to begin the cycle again.
A heart that works well can operate for sixty to a hundred years or more. The heart is made up of four distinct chambers. The entire four-chamber pump is surrounded by a protective layer called the pericardium, which contains a lubricating liquid. The four chambers of the heart consist of two upper chambers and two lower chambers. The upper chambers are thin walled and they receive blood returning to the heart from the large veins of the body. These chambers are called the left atrium and the right atrium. The lower chambers of the heart are called the left and right ventricles (心室). They are much larger and very much more muscular than the atria. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body. The left and right sides of the heart are divided by a tough wall called the septum. This thick wall separates the blood which is to be pumped to the lungs from the blood which will go to the rest of the body. Blood is kept moving in the proper direction by a series of valves. These are leathery flaps which are forced open by the pressure of blood and then shut to stop it draining back.
It is very important that “fresh” or oxygenated blood is kept separate from “stale” or deoxygenated blood that has already been passed around the body. Blood returning to the heart from the body, laden with CO2, and containing little oxygen, first enters the right atrium（心房）, at the top of the heart. The atrium contracts gently, squeezing the blood through a one-way valve into the right ventricle(心室), immediately below. The right ventricle contracts powerfully, pumping the blood along arteries to the lungs, where oxygen is replenished and CO2 is removed. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium, and is in turn pumped through another valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle is the most powerful part of the heart’s pump mechanism, and when it contracts, it forces blood all around the body.
To summarize, the blood circulation passes from the heart to lungs, and back to the heart. Then it travels around the body, and back to the heart once more. Occasionally, a baby is born with a small hole in the septum dividing the right and left sides of the heart, allowing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix. Surgery is needed to correct this “hole in the heart”.
As we age, body organs begin to wear out. Sometimes an organ wears out very rapidly, while the rest of the body is still relatively healthy. When this happens, a replacement, or transplant operation is sometimes possible. Transplants are never easy, as the body usually tends to attack or reject any strange material put into it.
Heart valves sometimes become damaged by valve heart diseases which are unfortunately quite common and before the advent of open heart surgery they were very difficult to treat. Heart valves may even be defective in a newborn baby. This prevents proper blood circulation, and usually can be corrected by replacing the
damaged valve with a plastic or metal substitute which will be accepted by the body without causing reaction in the tissue of the heart. The valve replacements are necessary to impose a greater control over blood flow from one chamber to another and from the heart into the arterial system. Early valve replacements are of mechanical variety. One kind of early artificial heart valve is a simple “ball in a cage” or tilting disc device which will open and close as the heart beats so as to allow blood to flow under near normal rheological (流变) conditions.
Sometimes the heart muscle is too badly diseased to pump properly, and in rare cases, a heart transplant may be considered. This involves replacing all or part of the heart with one taken from another person, the donor. Donor hearts can only be taken from accident victims when their brain has permanently stopped working, and they are legally “dead”.
The transplant operation itself is not technically difficult, but later there are often complications when the new heart may be rejected. Lifelong drugs are needed to prevent this rejection.
Usually the right atrium of the “old” heart is attached to the new heart. This retains the timing mechanism for the heartbeat, and means that the nervous system can still control the new heart, speeding it up during exercise to increase blood flow.
46.Which of the following has not been talked about in the above article:
A. The blood circulatory system.
B. The composition of blood.
C. Heart valve replacement.
D. The function of the heart.
47. In the article, the author uses_________ as an analogy to explain the function of human heart.
A. muscle
B. fist
C. pump
D. organ
48. Where does the carbon dioxide (CO2) we breathe out come from?
A. The blood pumped out of the left atrium.
B. The blood pumped into the left ventricle.
C. The blood pumped out of the right ventricle.
D. The blood pumped into the right atrium.
49. We can infer from the article that____________
A. After the invention of mechanical valves, biovalves must have been tried.
B. Valve heart diseases are rare and can’t be treated.
C. The heart valve replacements are difficult to find.
D. There still exist many technical problems with the heart valve transplant operation.
50. Tilting disc device is classified as____________
A. a mechanical device.
B. a false heart valve.
C. an out-of-date device.
D. a biovalve replacement.
51. Which of the following is wrong according to the article?
A. The heart is equipped with a series of one-way valves to keep blood flowing in the proper direction.
B. Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium, while deoxygenated blood returns from being pumped around the body to the right atrium.
C. When atria contract, they open their valves and force blood into the ventricles.
D. As the ventricles begin to contract, the atrial valves open again.
52. What is the function of septum?
A. Prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.
B. Protect the whole heart.
C. Lubricate the pumping chambers.
D. Separate atria from ventricles.
53. Where is the timing mechanism for the heartbeat in the body?
A. In the brain.
B. In the wall of the right atrium.
C. On the pericardium.
D. Between the lung and the right ventricle.
54. If a patient has to replace his heart valve, what’s the problem needed to be most concerned with?
A. Whether the surgery is technically up to the standard.
B. To find a donor who is willing to donate his heart.
C. To prevent the happening of complications.
D. The donor may be not legally dead.
55. Which of the following words is the synonym of ?replace??
A. replenish
B. substitute
C. circulate
D. position
Passage 2
As if Chinese leaders did not have enough of a headache trying to manage the country's rising but still undervalued currency in the testy world of international trade, now the growing popularity of virtual money enters the already complex equation.
The so-called "QQ" coin - issued by Tencent, China's largest instant-messaging service provider - has become so popular that the country's central bank is worried that it could affect the value of RMB Yuan. Li Chao, spokesman and director of the General Office of the People's Bank of China (PBOC), has expressed his concern in the Chinese media and announced that the central bank will draft regulations next year governing virtual transactions.
Public prosecutor Yang Tao issued this warning: "The QQ coin is challenging the status of the RMB [Yuan] as the only legitimate currency in China." In an article published recently in the Nanfang Daily, the prosecutor wrote that the central
English Examination for Graduates (Paper A) 20111229 I. Listening Comprehension (20%) Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. 1. A. He read a lot of books on management. B. He made every step safe enough. C. He prepared himself well beforehand. D. He had knowledge for the next phase. 2. A. news reporter B. American dream C. lucky boy D. poor child 3. A. generals B. committees C. armies D. schools 4. A. reading different books B. attending seminars C. listening to audiotapes D. learning on one’s own 5. A. face-to-face contact B. eyeball-to-eyeball contact C. person-to-person contact D. call-to-call contact Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. 6. A. More and more people take up the habit of smoking. B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in the USA. C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking. D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country. 7. A. age, income and education B. age, sex and income C. occupation, income and sex D. occupation, income and education 8. A. City people are less likely to smoke. B. People in rural areas are more likely to smoke. C. Men with higher incomes tend to smoke. D. Well –educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke. 9. A. The situation is quite the same for women as for men. B. Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily. C. There are more women smokers with low incomes. D. Women with higher incomes and higher education do not tend to smoke. 10. A. The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers. B. The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men. C. High school students are more likely to smoke than college students. D. Farmers? children tend to smoke more. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. 11. A. crying one’s goods in the street B. signs with pictures
武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
Unit one Stumbling block in intercultural communication 1 在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。 It’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the disappointing results of attempts at communication. They are actually stumbling block in international communication. 7 本国居民可能会被灌输有这种期望：既然外国人穿着合适，并且能说一些本国话，那么他或她也有同样的非语言的准则、想法和感觉。 The native inhabitants are likely to be lulled into the expectation that ,since the foreign person is dressed appropriately and speak some of the language,he or she will also have similar nonverbal codes ,thoughts and feelings. 8 更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。 A worse language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language, regardless of connotation or context. 11 先入为主和程式化思维的现象
Unit One Vocabulary Exercise Fill in the blanks with the best choice. 1._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along out of inability to imagine anything else. A. Tenancy B. Tenacity C. Tendency D. Tenure 2.In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile. An amazing journey! A. inscrutable B. sweet C. incredulous D. incurious 3.The elimination of ________ was believed to be a prerequisite for any successful intercultural exchange. A. generalizations B. judgments C. doubts D. stereotypes 4.The Pentagon was planning to launch a 24-hour satellite television channel based in Baghdad to make it easier to ________ the news media “filter” that Bush Administration officials believe is misleading the public by emphasizing bad news about the occupation of Iraq. A. circumnavigate B. circulate C. circumvent D. curriculum 5.This class will provide you as a parent with age appropriate songs and activities to enjoy music at home with toddler that will develop coordination, balance and ________ relationship skills as well as communication and cooperation. A. scrutiny B. spacious C. stereotype D. spatial 6.It is a _____ to say that the women who teach in India must know the language, the religion, superstitions and customs of the women to be taught in India. It ought to be the very same case for England. A. truism B. genuine C. tenacity D. similarity 7. The ______ of “white”in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white and writing elegiac couplets in white paper. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive. A. configuration B. conjunction C. connotation D. connection 8. The just-concluded election in Pakistan is simply a _____for continuing military rule, according to Selig Harrison, a leading US authority on South Asia, Afghanistan and the region. A. inflection B. fa?ade C.ambiguity D. fabrication 9. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize. A. perpetuated B. pervasive C. permanent D. permeated 10T here’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendship before I start a serious relationship. A. cement B. lime C. clay D. concrete
Keys to Paper A (1---65 题每题一分，客观题共65分) 1-10 B D A C B C C D A B 11-20 A B D A C A D C B D 21-30 B D C A B D C A C B 31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B 46-55 A D C A B A C C D D 56-65 A C D B D A B C C D Part IV 汉译英（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 1. China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. (2分) 2. An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung cancer. （2分） 3. In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the education in the past, modern education places more stress on practicality. (3 分) 英译汉（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 4. 程式化思维是人们交流的绊脚石，因为它有碍于人们对事物的客观观察。客观观察指人 们敏感地搜寻线索，引导自己的想象更接近他人的现实。（2分） 5. 当经济学家最初探讨经济发展的原因时，他们发现：人们一直认为无法解释的剩余因素是人力资本。人力资本，即人口的技能，是造成各国生产力差距以及地位不平等的一个重要因素。（3分） 6. 下文从解决妇女贫困问题的角度出发，探讨两性平等、减轻贫困和环境的可持续性诸目的之间的协同作用，涉及能源短缺、水资源缺乏、健康、气候变化、自然灾害，以及授予妇女在农业、林业、生态多元化管理领域中的权力使之创造可持续的生存方式等问题。（3分） Part V Summary （20分） 评分标准：主要看考生是否了解概要写作的方法以及能否用恰当的语言来表达。概要一定要客观简洁地表达原文的主要内容，不需要评论，不能照抄原文。具体给分标准为：（1）内容和形式都达标，仅有一二处小错：18-19分。（2）内容缺少一到三点，形式错误不过三处：16-17分。（3）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有五六处：14-15分。（4）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有十来处：12-13分。 Science and Humanity The twentieth century has made greater change to the world, which was brought by the progress in science, than any previous century. Unfortunately, not all these changes did good to the human society. Some of them have done serious damage to mankind and have been even predicted to destroy the whole world someday if out of control. In fact, mankind is not biologically programmed for violent behaviors like war. People are faced with a dilemma in which we would like to see science develop freely, but cannot afford the result of that. It is a
博士研究生英语教学 一．教学目的及目标 以感受语言，认识语言，应用语言为主导，以提高学生的实际应用能力为目标。在反思语言习得的过程中，探索一种全新的教学模式（源于且高于单一语言层面的教学，即基于语篇层面的文本结构，在语篇层面上对文本进行三位一体的诠释，了解英美族人的思维方式），增强论文和学术研究中的批判性思维的意识，培养批判性思维的习惯（通过洞察力达到更深层次的知识和理解），强化创造性技能（区别于侧重于以听力和阅读为主导的接受性技能），即提高学生交际和写作的能力，使之符合清晰性、准确性、精确性、相关性、深度、广度、逻辑和意义的评价标准（限于课时，故侧重于理念教学，本源教学，形态教学，方法论教学，从认识论的角度培养学生的解构能力）。 二．教学理念 从传统的侧重于语言层面的教学观念转移到以思维层面为主导，兼顾语言层面的全新的教学观念，即了解英美族人怎么想、怎么组织思想、怎么表达的思维层面，从而实现正确的交际目的（怎么用），完善学习的对象（学以致用），而不只停留在单一的体现语法与词汇的语句即语言层面。语言是表达思想的物质载体, 是逻辑思维的工具, 是思维过程的再现；而思维对世界的反映是借助于语言来实现的。 三．教学定位
以思维模式为切入点（显著区别于本科生，即通过纯粹的联想或死记硬背以及练习来完成的低阶段的学习；硕士生，即大量的知识积累却缺乏知识自身的相关逻辑；以及其他兄弟院校的英语教学，具有武汉大学特色的博士研究生英语教学），提高学生的综合分析能力，倡导英语学习的方法论，以期突破英语学习的瓶颈问题。知其然更力求知其所以然，强化实践过程中的批判性思维能力（分析性、逻辑性、系统化）。 四．教学手段/方法 以三位一体（角度的界定，文献的摘录，功能的区分）的训练方法完成对文本的解构，运用批判性思维的分析能力，以期了解英美族人的思维方式即what to write，组织布局即how to write和结构功能即why to write。如下所示： 五．教学内容及计划 在一学期的课堂教学实践中，重点比较，解析不同文章（分别为不同风格的书籍、评论及演讲的体裁，以及兼顾文理学科的有关计算机、经济与哲学的不同题材），通过异同点的比较，
武汉大学硕士英语期末考试汉译英题库（从里面考） 1.走社会主义道路，就是要逐步实现共同富裕，共同富裕的构想是这样的：一部分地区有条件先发展起来，一部分地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展的地区，最终达到共同富裕……解决的办法之一，就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。 To take the road to socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step.Our plan is as follow:where condition s permit,some areas may develop faster than others;those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind,until all become progress…One way is for the areas that become prosperous frstt to support the poor ones by paying more taxes or turing in more profits to the state 2.现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。 Chian has bascilly achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage,and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development. 3.社会主义用实践向世界表明，中国反对把霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。 Scoialist China should show the world through its actions that it is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 4.过去，只讲在社会主义条件下发展生产力，没有讲还要通过改革解放生产力，不完全。应该把解放生产力和发展生产力两个讲全了。 In the past,we only stressed expansion of the productive forces under socialism,without mentioning the need to liberate them through reform.That conception was incomplete. Both the liberation and the expansion of the productive forces are essential. 5.同时，我们的对外开放采取了多种方式，包括搞经济特区，开放十四个沿海城市。 In the meantime,we have implemented the policy of opening China to the outside world in many ways,including setting up special economic zones and opening14coastal cities. 6.改革开放迈不开步子，不敢闯，说来说去就是怕资本主义的东西多了，走了资本主义道路。要害是姓“资”还是姓“社”的问题。 The reason some people hesitate to carry out the reform and the open policy and dare not break new ground is ,in essence,that they’re afraid it would mean introducing too many elements of capitalism and,indeed,taking the capitalist road.The crux of the matter is whether the road is capitalist or socialist. 7.过去我们搬用别国的模式，结果阻碍了生产力的发展，在思想上导致僵化，妨碍人民和基层积极性的发挥。 We used to copy foreign models mechanically,which only hampered the development of our productive forces, induced ideological rigidly and kept the people and grassroots units from taking any initiative. 8. 中国与东盟各国或山水相连，或隔海相望，在悠久的交往中，人民之间形成了深厚的传统友谊。 Joined together by mountains and rivers or facing with other across the sea, China and ASEAN countries have developed a profound traditional friendship among the people in the course of their age-old contacts and exchanges. 9.我们正处在世纪之交的重要历史时刻，应该以长远的战略眼光审视和处理双方关系，建立中国与东盟面向二十一世纪的睦邻互信伙伴关系。
Oral Test (Band 1) For Grade 2012 (2012, 12 ) Topic 1: Love from Parents Directions: Some people say that motherly love is unconditional, while fatherly love is conditional. Create a conversation with your partner(s) and exchange your opinion on love from your parents respectively. Topic 2: Winning In the World Directions: Have a discussion with your partner(s) about winners in your eyes. What do you think are the most important factors that contribute to one’s success? Offer your reasons. Topic 3:A Phone Call-Making a Hotel Reservation Directions: Suppose you are a hotel receptionist and your partner is a customer who calls to make a hotel reservation. Make a conversation with your partner and get some information necessary about him/her, such as name, single or double room he/she wants, the number of nights and dates. Meanwhile, offer some information about the hotel, such as its location, price and service, etc. Topic 4: Dreams Directions: Everyone dreams. How often do you dream, and what sort of dream do you usually have? Do you believe in dreams’ function of predicting? What are the possible causes of dream? Talk with your partner(s) about these issues concerning dream. Topic 5: Dream Your Own Dream Directions: Making a dream is very common in our daily lives. What dream do you have? What will you do to realize your dream? Topic 6: Psychology in Daily Life Directions: Do you think a placebo may help a patient get well? Discuss with your partner(s) about the reasons for placeboes’ helping to he al the patients and how to make good use of psychology in daily life. Topic 7: Talking about Schedule Directions: You are to invite your partner to play badminton, but he/she is busy at the moment. Create a conversation with your partner by exchanging your information on daily schedule and deciding on a date for fun. Topic 8：Self-introduction Directions: Suppose this is your first day in class. You and your partner are getting to know each. Make a conversation by exchanging your information such as name, hometown, department, major, personalities, telephone numbers etc. Topic 9: Choosing a Job Directions: You and your partner(s) are talking about choosing a job. Exchange your opinion on the ideal job in your minds and the factors you will take into consideration when choosing a job.
Translation Exercises(50) 增词法:补充汉语句子中省略的成分 1) 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 翻译：Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2)我国社会主义工业化的建设及其成就，正在日益促进他们的这种积极性。 翻译：Their enthusiasm is being constantly heightened by China’s socialist industrialization and its achievement. 3)会谈中，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权方面的问题。 翻译：During the talks, their discussion has been centered around the protection of intellectual property rights. 4) 孩子们看电视过多会大大的损伤视力。 翻译：Too much exposure to TV program will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 5) 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。 翻译：Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. 6) 作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。 翻译：In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment. 7) 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。 翻译：All the students should develop morally, intellectually, physically. 句子结构转换：汉语复合句转换成英语简单句 8) 这架波音747飞机起飞了，机上载有347名乘客。 翻译：The Boeing 747 took off with 347 passengers on board. 9) 因为他滥用职权，他严重损害了自己在下属面前的形象。 翻译：Abuse of power seriously damaged his image among his subordinates. 10) 即使是最好的厨师，有时又有做不好的菜。 翻译：The best cook sometimes makes bad dishes. 11) 江山易改，本性难移。 翻译：You can never scare a dog away from a greasy hide.
2015年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part ⅠReading Comprehension (2×20=40分) Directions: In this part for the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. T o make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract