主谓一致
姓 名：****** 班 级：英教七
班
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“一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。
1. 指导原则
三种不同的原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则
1）语法一致
主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。
如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便使用单数形式。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。
Both boys have their own merits（优点）.
Few students are really lazy.
Many people want to go.
Two girls were standing on the corner.
Each boy has his own book.
Either answer is correct.
Much effort is wasted.
2）意义一致和就近原则
有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：
比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；
反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。
这种一致关系叫做意义一致。
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.
Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.
Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register（现金出纳机）.
有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。Either my brothers or my father is coming.
Only one out of five were present.
No one except his own supporters agree with him.
Neither Julia nor I am going.
2. 以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
1）以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称
有一些疾病名称是以-s结尾的：
arthritis（关节炎）/ bronchitis（支气管炎）/ rickets（软骨病）/ mumps（腮腺炎）/ diabetes（糖尿病）/
Generally, measles（麻疹） occurs in children.
Measles are sometimes caused by a tapeworm（绦虫）.
Rickets is / are caused by malnutrition（营养不良）.
表示游戏名称的名词通常作单数用。
Darts（投标游戏）is essentially a free and easy game.
Marbles （打弹子游戏）is one of the oldest of games and was not confined to children.
也有个别表示游戏名称的名词作复数用：
Cards （打纸牌）are not allowed here.
当darts, marbles等用于做这些游戏所用的镖或弹子等意义时，其复数形式仍作复数用。
Three darts （三只镖）are thrown at each turn.
Marbles （各种弹子）vary in kind and quality.
2）以-ics结尾的学科名称
某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics（物理学），mathematics（数学），mechanics（机械学），optics（光学），acoustics（声学），politics（政治学），statistics（统计学），economics（经济学），linguistics（语言学）, athletics（体育学），tactics（兵法）等，通常作单数用。
Physics is an important subject in middle schools.
Acoustics is the science of sound.
Mathematics is the study of numbers.
Tactics is an important study for the soldier.
Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.
如果这类名词表示“学科”以外的其他意义，便可作复数用：
My mathematics（运算能力） is /are rather shaky.
Athletics （体育运动）have been greatly promoted at this college.
The tactics （策略）employed in this campaign were above reproach. The economics （经济意义）of the project are still being considered. 3）以-s结尾的地理名称
有些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands等，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。
The United States is a country of people with varied origins.
In early January 1976 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1953.
若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用。
The West Indies（西印度群岛）, apart from the Bahamas（巴哈马群岛）, are commonly divided into two parts.
The Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉）have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.
The Straits of Gibraltar （直布罗陀海峡）have not lost their strategic importance.
The Niagara Falls（尼亚加拉大瀑布）are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.
4）其他以-s结尾的名词
英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如scissors（剪子）, pincers（钳子），glasses（眼镜），shorts（短库），trousers（裤子），suspenders（吊裤带）等。
这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。
The sugar-tongs are not in the sugar bowl.
Joe’s new trousers are black and white.
如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。
One pair of scissors isn’t enough.
Two pairs of pliers, one large and one small, are missing from my tool box.
英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如：archives（档案）, arms（武器）, clothes（衣服）, contents（内容，目录）, eaves（屋檐）, fireworks（烟火）, goods（货物）, minutes（记录）, morals（道德，品行）, remains（遗体）, stairs（楼梯）, suburbs（郊区）,
thanks（谢意）, wages（工资）等，通常作复数。
The archives of this society are kept in the basement.
The contents of this book are most fascinating.
High wages often result in high prices.
His thanks were most profuse.
但也有少数这类名词作单、复数均可：
His whereabouts were/ was known only to his personal staff.
The dramatics （舞台艺术）of the performance were /was marvelous.凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如clippings（减下来的东西），diggings（掘出来的东西），earnings（收入），filings（锉屑），lodgings（租住的房间），surroundings（环境），sweepings（扫拢的垃圾）等。通常用作复数。
The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.
The sweepings of the godown have been disposed of.
例外，tidings（消息）既可作复数，也可作单数用：
Good tidings have cheered them up.
The tidings has come a little too late.
还有一些-s 结尾的单、复数同形的名词，如barracks（营房）, headquarters（总部）, means（方法、手段）, series（系列）, species（种类）, works（工厂）等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数，还是复数。
A barracks was stormed（袭击） by the enemy troops.
Two barracks in the suburbs（郊外） have been surrounded.
A headquarters was set up to direct the operation（作战指挥）.
Their headquarters are in Paris.
The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms（诉诸武力）. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.
A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language lab use. There are two series of readers: one for beginners and one for advanced students.
A new species of mammal has been found.
Altogether, about 450 species of flatfish（比目鱼） are known.
少数这类的名词用作单数和用作复数意义不同。
What’s the odds?
The odds are against us.
remains用于“遗体”意义时，随后的动词通常都用复数。
His remains lie in the churchyard.
The martyr’s remains were buried at the foot of the hill.
作“遗迹”或“剩余物”解释时，可作复数或单数用。
Here is the remains of a temple.
The remains of the meal were/ was fed to the dog.
3.以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题
集体名词，如government, committee, team, group等，在意义上是复数，而在语法形式上是单数。以这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往在于对“语法一致”和“意义一致”两种原则的选择。
1）通常作复数的集体名词
有些集体名词，如 police, people, cattle, militia, poultry, vermin（害虫）等，通常作复数，随后的动词用复数。
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.
Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.
2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词，如audience, committee, class（班级）, crew（全体船员或机组人员）, family, government, public（公众）等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
如将这些名词所表示的集体视为一个整体，则动词用单数。
The committee is made up of nine students.
如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上，动词用复数。
The committee are having an important meeting.
4）a committee of 等+复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee of / a panel of / a (the) board of + 复数名
词“构成，随后的动词通常用单数。
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
A panel of distinguished people has been chosen to judge the competition. It is meeting tomorrow.
The board of directors is responsible for the management of the firm.
4. 以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
1）由and/both…and连接的并列主语
由and/both…and或连接的并列结构作主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
The fishing and the hunting in Arizona were good that year.
（fishing和hunting是两件事，所以用were）
Both Pauline and her son Bob have gone fishing on Miramar Lake.
如果作主语的并列结构不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单
数意义，则动词用单数。
Ham and eggs is a good breakfast.
The secretary and treasurer is absent.
有一些带连词and的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，随后的词用复数。
Good and bad taste are inculcated by example.
What I say and think are no business of yours.
当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every，或者many a等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。
Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.
Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or her self in need.
有一些由and连接的并列主语，其单、复数意义不很明确，这就只能根据上下文判断。
His younger brother and the subsequent editor of his collected papers was/were with him at his death-bed.
Your fairness and impartiality has / have been much appreciated.
2）由or/nor/either…or等连接的并列主语
由or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。
My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.
Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon.
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
Neither the Kansas players nor the coach was overconfident.
Neither the Kansas coach nor the players were confident of victory.
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.
3）主语+as much as等
当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等引
导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。
Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.
His brother rather than his parents is to blame.
My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go there again.
Man, no less than the lower forms of life, is the product of the evolutionary process.
4）主语+as well as等
当主语后面跟有由as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的形式。
The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.
The father, as well as his sons, is going to enroll.
Bill, together with his sisters, was hurt in the accident.
The truck along with all its contents was destroyed.
The barn, in addition to the house, was burned.
No one except two girls was late for dinner.
5. 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
英语中有一些表示数量概念的名词词组。数量概念分两类：一类是确定数量，如three months, five kilos, six quarts等；另一类是非确定数量，如all of…, some of…, none of…, enough of…等。如果用这类名词词组作主语，往往产生主谓一致问题。
1）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语
当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，解决主谓一致问题有以下规则可循。
a）如果数量概念被看作一个整体，动词用单数；如果被看作组成该数量的一个个的个体，则动词用复数。
The treasurer thought that sixty-five dollars was not too much to ask. Six months is too short a time, General Westmoreland warned.
Three miles was too long a distance for Freedman to run.
Five hours is needed to complete the outline.
There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.
b）如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数（或百分数）+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。
Two-thirds of the swampland（沼泽地） has been reclaimed（开垦）for farming.
Over sixty per cent of the city was destroyed in the war.
Thirty-five per cent of the doctors were women.
c）两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。
Forty minus fifteen leaves twenty-five.
Forty divided by eight is five.
Seven plus/and five makes/make twelve.
Five times eight is / are forty.
d）如果主语由 “one in /one out of+复数名词”构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数；在非正式语体中，动词可按“就近原则”用复数。
One in ten students has failed the exam.
One out of twenty was badly damaged.
2）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语
a)如果主语是all of…, some of…, none of…, half of…, most of…等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。
Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player.
Most of the members were there.
All of the cargo was lost.
All of the crew were saved.
Some of the money has been stolen.
Some of the books were lost.
None but the best coffee is good enough.
Half of the building was damaged in the explosion.
Half of the students are girls.
b) 如果主语是由“lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of, plenty of+名词”构成，表示“许许多多”等概念时，随后动词的单、复数形式也依of-词组中名词类别而定。
Lots of food is going to waste.
Lots of people are waiting outside.
Loads of milk has been distributed among the children.
Loads of apples have been picked.
Plenty of the sugar is imported from Cuba.
Half of the students are girls.
c) 如果主语是由“portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of +名词”构成，不管名词类别为何，动词通常用单数。
A substantial portion of the reports is missing.
A series of accidents has been reported.
A pile of logs was set beside the hearth.
d) 如果主语是由“限定词+kind/type/sort of+名词”构成，随后的动词形式按以下规则：
在a kind /sort/type of, this kind/sort/type of之后通常跟单数或不可数名词，动词用单数。
There is a kind of rose, which fills the air with fragrance when May comes.
This kind of man annoys me.
This sort of paint is very useful.
That type of car is old-fashioned.
注意，在这样的结构中，通常不用复数名词，比如通常不说this kind of roses, that type of cars .如果要用复数名词，就得说：
Roses of this kind are very sweet.
Cars of that type are old-fashioned.
出现在these kinds of, many/ several kinds of之后的名词，既可以是单数或不可数名词，也可以是复数名词，动词都用复数。
There are many different kinds of snake in the mountains.
These type of car are imported from Japan.
There are several sorts of cheese for sale in the shop.
I have met all kinds of tourists who come from Europe.
Those kinds of insects are harmful.
在非正式语体中，还常见“these /those kind of +复数形式”这样的结构作主语，随后的动词用复数。
These kind of men are unreliable.
Those type of machine tools are out of date.
e) 如果主语是由“many a+名词” 或“more than one+名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。
Many a man has done his duty.
More than one game was lost.
f) 如果主语由“an average of / a majority of +复数名词”构成而且明确表示多数个体概念，随后的动词用复数；如果这类主语不表示多数个体概念，则动词用单数。
An average of 25 persons apply each month.
An average of 25 applications a month is not unusual.
A majority of the town’s younger men are moving to the city.
A majority of three votes to one was recorded.
6.其他方面的主谓一致问题
1）以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题
以名词性分句作主语，随后的动词通常用单数，但有时也会产生主谓一致问题，规则如下：
由what, who, why, how, whether等wh -词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主句表示两件事情，动词用复数。
What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.
在以What- 分句作主语的SVC结构中，如果主句补语是复数名词，主句谓语动词可用复数。
What was real to him were the details of his life.
What he wanted were three dictionaries.
如果What- 分句本身明显表示复数意义，比如what-分句的动词和补语都是复数，那么主句动词也可用复数。
What are often regarded as poisonous fungi are in fact edible.
2）以非限定分句作主语的主谓一致问题
以非限定分句（主要是不定式分句和 - ing 分句）作主语，随后的动词通常用单数。
To eat well is all he asks.
To climb mountains requires courage.
Playing tennis is a very good exercise.
Increasing their wages has raised the crew’s moral.
以两个由and连接的并列非限定分句作主语，如果指的是两件事，动词用复数；如果指的是一件事，动词用单数。
Reading Ibsen and solving a quadratic equation are entirely different assignments.
关系分句中谓语动词单、复数形式通常依关系代词先行项的形式而定。
在“one of+复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句动词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。
Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.
I am one of those people who by the general opinion of the world are counted both infamous and unhappy.
但有时为了强调one，这类结构中关系分句的动词也可采用单数形式，这种情况在英国英语中比较常见。
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. My worthy friend Sir Roger is one of those who is not only at peace within himself, but beloved and esteemed by all about him.
如果在这类结构之前有定冠词the 或者有the only 等限定词和强调词时，关系分句动词形式依one而定，用单数。
Selfishness is the one of her many faults which defeats itself.
Keves is the only one of the players who has learned all the rules.
He is the only one of those boys who is wiling to take on another assignment.
4）分裂句中的主谓一致问题
在分裂句中，that-/who-分句的动词形式通常依先行项而定。
在“It is I + who-分句”中, who- 分句动词现在时在人称和数的形式上应与I保持一致。
It is I who am to blame.
但在非正式语体中，分裂句中心成分可用宾格代词me. 这时，随后的that-分句动词通常用第三人称单数。
It is me that is to blame.
It is me that was injured in the accident.
在存在句中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般取决于随后的“实义主语”的形式：实义主语为复数，动词用复数；实义主语不是复数，动词用单数。
There are three routes you can take.
There is a note left on the desk.
当用作实义主语的名词词组是个并列结构时，只要第一个并列成分不是复数，谓语动词便可用单数。（就近原则）
There’s more grace and less carelessness.
There’s a long springboard and three rafts at varying distances from the shore.
主谓一致 姓 名：****** 班 级：英教七 班 学 号：********** “一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。 主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。 1. 指导原则 三种不同的原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则 1）语法一致 主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。
如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便使用单数形式。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。 Both boys have their own merits（优点）. Few students are really lazy. Many people want to go. Two girls were standing on the corner. Each boy has his own book. Either answer is correct. Much effort is wasted. 2）意义一致和就近原则 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义： 比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数； 反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。 这种一致关系叫做意义一致。 The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register（现金出纳机）. 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。Either my brothers or my father is coming. Only one out of five were present. No one except his own supporters agree with him. Neither Julia nor I am going. 2. 以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
蚄主谓一致 蚈1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 肈2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 螃（1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 螃I often help him and he often helps me. 聿（2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 薆The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3） （4）蒂就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 蕿并列主语的谓语一致 1. 2.芆And 羄（1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 芁Tom and Jack are close friends. （2） （3）虿两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 蚇The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （4） （5）蒁被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 肀every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 蝿Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （6） （7）肈一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 膃Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
主谓一致 （一）单数名词与谓语动词的一致 1.表示集体的词： Army, class, audience, club, committee, company, crowd, family, group, government, organization, party, personnel, public, staff, team, union, crew. 2.表示成员的词： Cattle, folk, people, police, poultry Machinery, clothing, luggage, furniture, equipment, jewelry Clothes, works, goods, contents, the Olympics games Some of, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of, the remainder of 1.the public( )the best judge because the public always( )their thoughts.（B） A.are; express B.is;express C.is;expresses D.are;expresses
2.I think class one( ) to win because class one( )all football lovers.(A) A.is likely; are B. are likely; are C. is likely; is D. are likely; is 3.while my family( ) a small one, every one of us( ) different hobbies.(A) A.is; have B.are; has C.is; has D.are; have 4.cattle( )well in the country market at present, according to the evening news.（A） A. sell B. sells C. is being sold D. will be sold 5. people who( )peace( )seeing a steady situation to seeing an unrest state. A.love; prefers B. love; prefer C.loved; prefer D.love;prefers 6. all the furniture in my office( )made in Hong Kong. A. is B. are C.were D.had been 7.every means( ) to prevent the water from( ). A. are used; polluting B. get used; pllution C. is used; polluted D. has been used; being polluted 8. all possible means( )to save the wounded soldier. A. have been tired B. is to be tried C. has been tried D. are trying
主谓一致揭秘 英语中的谓语在人称、数及意义等方面要与主语的名词或代词以及相当于名词的词保持一致，叫做主谓一致。英语中的主谓一致须遵循一系列规则，包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致指的是语法形式一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The boys are playing football .He reads English every morning .意义一致是指主语有时形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定也采用复数形式。反之，主语形式上是复数，但意义是单数，谓语动词依意义而定也采用单数形式。如：People are talking about the news . Politics is taught in all middle schools. 就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。Not only you but also he is wrong . 主谓一致情况复杂，但用途广泛，几乎时时刻刻都离不开。学生在学习时往往感到渺茫，感到“头痛”。因此，我们将主谓一致整合梳理，按担当主语的词，词组和句子分类学习，这样会让学生感到“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”。 一、名词作主语 1、部分集体名词，如police，cattle，people等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 例：The police are searching the house . 2、部分集体名词，如family，team，class，army，enemy，audience，company，government，group，commitee等作主语时，若作为一整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。 例：（1）My family is a happy one. (2 ) The whole family are having lunch. 3、一些形式上是复数而意义上是单数的名词，如glasses,scissors,trousers等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 例：My glasses are very beautiful.但是前用a pair of来修饰时，动词应用单数形式。 例：This pair of scissors is made in Shanghai. 4、一些以—ics结尾的表学科的名称词，如politics,economics,physics,mathmatics等形式上是复数，意义上则是单数，动词用单数。例：Physics is difficult to me. 5、若名词词组中心词是表示度量、时间、价格、距离等复数名词时，根据意义一致原则，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例：Ten years has passed since then. 6、一本书、一个组织、一国家的名称或一句格言作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：(1) The United Nations is an international organization. (2) "The pride goes before a fall" is his motto. (3) "The Aribian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 7、单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词根据意义一致原则决定单复数。如sheep,deer,works,means,species,Chinese,Japanese等。 例：(1) The deer is drinking water. (2) These deer are playing. 8、如果主语前有many a，more than one修饰，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。 例：(1) Many a student has read the book. (2) More than one person is involved in the case.
英语语法主谓一致 指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题，可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。根据这些原则，总结如下： 一.谓语动词用单数 (1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数动词。 例如：To work hard is necessary.努力工作是必要的。 Reading without comprehension is no good.只读不理解是不好的。 It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。 (2)事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品的名称(专有名词)用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The United States was formed in 1776.美国于1776年成立。 The New York Times still has a wide circulation.纽约时报发行量仍然很大。 Roots is a novel about a black family.《根》是一部关于(美国)黑人家庭的小说。 (3)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。 例如：Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。 Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。 Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。 One and a half bananas is left on the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。 4)表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.语言学是人类语言中的一个分枝。(5)有些名词形式是复数，意义为单数，作主语时，要求单数动词。 例如：The chaos was stopped by the police.混乱被警察阻止了。 The news is a great encouragement to us.这新闻对我们来说是一个很大的鼓舞。 Her present whereabouts is still unknown.她目前的行踪仍然不明。 (6)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟as well as (以及)，no less than (不少于……，多达)，rather than(而不是)，more than(不止是，超过)，but(除了)，except(除……外)，besides( 加之，还有)，with(和……一起，和……一块儿)，along with(跟……一起)，accompanied by ( 由……陪同)，combined with(加上)，in addition to(除……以外)，including(包括)，together with(与……一起)等，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 (7)某些不定代词，如：either,neither,each,one,other,another,anybody,anyone, anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等，当他们作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例如：Each of the boys has an apple.每个孩子都有苹果。 Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用电话。 Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。 但是口语中当either或neither后+of+复数名词(或代词)作定语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。例如：Is (Are)either of the boys ready?两个男孩都准备好了吗? Neither of the novels is (are)interesting.哪一本小说都没意思。 (8)集合名词作主语表示整体概念时，动词用单数谓语形式。 例如：The government is made up of senior members of the four main right wing parties. 这届政府由四个主要右翼党的高级官员组成。 His family is not very large.他的家庭并不太大。 The staff of our school is opposed to the drastic changes in the system of education.
主谓一致 1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 （1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 I often help him and he often helps me. （2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3）就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 并列主语的谓语一致 1.And （1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 Tom and Jack are close friends. （2）两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （3）被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。 Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying. （5）由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数 What he says and does do not agree.（言行不一致） What he says and does does not concern me. 2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。 Either Tom or I is going there. 3、“with/along with/together with/as well as/as much as/expect/besides/including/rather than/but/等+名词”结构时，谓语单复数不受这些词影响。 You father as well as you is very kind to me, 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.集合名词 （1）表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式；强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。 如：family，company, committee, government, nation,
主谓一致：谓语动词和主语在人称和数保持一致。 Q1:在一个句子中，什么是主语？什么是谓语？ 例子：1.The boy is cute. 2.My father likes reading. 3.His brothers are reading books. 4.The children often play football. 请在上面的句子中画出主语和谓语。 【知识点一】谓语动词用单数情况：be(is/isn’t/was/wasn’t)；实义动词在一般现在时中用三单。 （一）主语为第三人称单数： Tom ______ (be) a good student. Sally_______ (run) fastest of all. （二）主语是由some, any, no, every 与one, body, thing 组成不定代词。 Everyone___________ (like) taking exercise. （三）主语是不可数名词： Some water __________ (be) in the bottle. （四）主语为one of+名词复数，“.....之一” One of the runners_________(be)from Class One. （五）主语为the number of+名词复数，“....的数目”或者much The number of students in our school ________(be)1,000. There ________(be) much milk. （六）主语为maths/physics(物理)等以-s结尾的名词，不表示复数意义，谓语用单数。 Maths_________(be) an important subject. （七）主语表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算，谓语用单数。 1. Two months ________(be) a long holiday. 2. Twenty dollars____________ (be) is too expensive for the book. 3. Twenty pounds ________（is / are）not so heavy. 4. Ten miles ________（is / are）not a long distance. 5. Five minus four ________（is / are）one. （八）each, either, neither作主语，谓语用单数。 1. Each of them _________ (have) an English book. 2.Either of them _________ (have) an English book. 3.Neither of them _________ (have) an English book. （九）more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数，“不止一个” More than one student ________（has / have）ever been to Beijing.
语法复习二、主谓一致 语法复习二、主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在 人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大 致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就 近一致原则。 （一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为 复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His faworkingarm. / To study English wellasy. / What he said is vant for us all. / The children wlawo hours ago. / Readingun is bad for you注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是 复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought wglish books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised ward the news. / Band he are
Young P注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人 或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, evan a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher wa/ No boy and no girl l、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather thaan, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓 语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Ggether wwife and children, haa. / Nobody but Jim and Mike walayground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、ach, every 或no +单数名词和由some, avery 构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is ma注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Nxts is (are)g. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
主谓一致 Fill in the blanks 一、谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致 1．The results of the experiment______(show/shows) that you have all made good progress. 2．Between the two buildings______(stand/stands) a monument. 二、动名词，不定式或者从句做主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数 1．Growing vegetables ______(need/needs) constant watering. 2．That we have made brilliant achievements (is/are) an iron fact. 三、由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数 1．The iron and steel industry_______(is/are) very important. 2．The teacher and poet often _______(give/gives) lectures around the city. 3. The teacher and the poet ______(is/are) good friends in the city. 如果主语是单数，即使后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引起的短语，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致(就前一致) 1．An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, （is/are) to be built here. 2．A scientist, together with some assistants, ______(was/were) sent to the flooded area to help in the work. 3．The teacher as well as the students________(is/are) going to visit the exhibition. 五、each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数 1．Each of us _______(has/have)something to say about the subject. （注意如果是we each 就不一样了） 2．Just a minute, someone______(is/are) talking with manager. 六、what, which, who, some, more, most, all等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定 1．Which_____(is/are) your rooms? 2．What we need______(is/are) more practice. 3．What he left me_______(is/are)but a few old books. 4．All but you_____(was/were) here just now. 七、none指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为单复皆可，主要取决于说话人头脑中联想到的是单数还是复数 1．None of the books _______(is/are) easy for us. 2．None of the information______(is/are) useful.
主谓一致 在英语中，要特别注意句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。我们称之为“主谓一致”。例如：I am a student and my mother is a teacher. 我是个学生，我妈妈是名教师。 I go to school and my mother goes to work every day. 每天，我去上学，我妈妈去工作。 Ⅰ、并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系 一、由and连接主语时可分为下列四种情况： 1) 主语A，B表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数形式。 例如：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. 李明和张华是好学生。 Both the parents and the children are here. 父母和孩子们都在这里 Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important. 听、说、读、写都很重要。 注意：both A and B作主语。谓语动词用复数。 2）主语A．B表示同一个人、物或概念时谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：Ａjournalist and author lives in the sixth flat. 一个新闻记者兼作家的人住在第六层。 注意：同一个人只能用一个冠词，如果是不同的两个人就要用两个冠词。 例如：A boy and a girl are playing tennis. 一个男孩和一个女孩正在打网球。 3）主语A，B之前有each ．every，many a，no等修饰语时谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girl is invited. 每一个男孩和每一个女孩都受到了邀请。 Every boy and girl is invited. 所有的男孩和女孩都被邀请。 No boy and no girl is there now. 现在那儿没有任何男孩和女孩。
主谓一致语法总结 ----安顺一中曹方平供稿 一．就近原则：在not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be…句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。 例：only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project. you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager. 二．集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数；指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：如：class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。 例：class are busy working on the exercises at the moment . team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games . 三．当两个名词用with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 例：, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week. son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母) 四．当each, neither, either 以及由every, any, no, some 与one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：of the girls is fond of pop music in her class. is expecting you at the school gate . 但none 做主语时谓语用单复数都行。 例：None of them are / is interested in local music. 另外：当every, each, no 做定语时，即使用and 连接两个主语，谓语也用单数。 例：student is preparing for the final examination now. boy and every girl is proud of the result of the experiment. teacher and no student is admitted to enter the place . each have an English dictionary .(此句中each 做同位语，谓语由主语they确定) 五.当主语表示时间，重量，距离，价格时，谓语动词用单数。 例：hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage (返航)。 kilometers was covered in two hours .
小学英语语法中的主谓一致 1) 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2) 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3) 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2)当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
二、主谓一致( Subject-Verb Concord ) 主谓一致的问题看上去似乎很简单，其实使用起来却不是那么容易，有时候甚至很复杂。这是因为在不同情况下，处理这一问题所依据的原则各不相同。就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言，通常有三个不同角度的着眼点：1、语法一致2、意义一致3、就近原则。 主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如： A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.（主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。 Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.（主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。 主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待： #不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动和不可数名词并不是一尘不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义，名词词用单数。例如： Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。 To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。 What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。 ## 不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。 Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。 ### 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。 The United States is leading the world in science and technology .美国常在世界科技方面领先。 The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs .联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。 #### a portion, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。 The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。 A substantial portion of the reports is missing .这些报告都没有提及实质问题。 A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。##### 由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：
主谓一致 杂。这是因为在不同情况下，处理这一问题所依据的原则各不相同。就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言，通常有三个不同角度的着眼点：1、语法一致2、意义一致3、就近原则。 主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如： A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. （主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式） 语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。 Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language. （主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式） 语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。 主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待： 1. 不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。 To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。 What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。 2. 不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。 Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。 Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。 3. 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore . 《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。 The United States is leading the world in science and technology . 美国常在世界科技方面领先。 The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs . 联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。 4. a portion, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一