在see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have等动词后，如果用形式作宾语补足语，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式所表示的是一个动作的全过程。
I saw him waiting at the bus stop. 我看见他在等车。
We saw her enter the building just now. 我们刚刚看见她进了大楼。
4、-ing形式与不定式作状语的区别
-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式和伴随状况等。不定式常用来表示目的、结果和原因等。
【试题播报】
“ We can’t go out in this weather. “ said Bob；_____out of the window.
A. Looking
B. To look
C. Looked
D. Having looked (NMET 2004 江苏)
此题考查到了-ing分词和不定式作状语的区别。这里应用-ing分词做状语，表示伴随情况。正确答案应为A.
（1）-ing形式与不定式作原因状语的区别
不定式多用在形容词之后，即位于句末较多。而-ing形式作原因状语时，多用于句前。
We are all glad to know you are fine. 听说你很好，我们都很高兴。
Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them.
由于没受到回信，他决定给他们再写一封。
（2）-ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别
用不定式时，尤其是状语前有副词never,only修饰时，表示一个意外的结果。
He left, leaving nothing but debt. 他走了，什么也没留下，除了一屁股债。
They hurried to school, only to find that it was Sunday.
他们匆匆赶到学校，却发现今天是星期天。
四、有关-ing分词的习惯用法
1、There is no +ing 这是不可能的
2、No + ing 不许(No smoking.)
3、It goes without saying that… 不用说
4、Weather/ Time permitting… 天气/时间允许的话
5、That being the case，如果是这样
6、Considering (that)… 考虑到
7、Supposing (that) … 如果
8、Generally speaking, 一般说来
9、Frankly speaking, 坦白说
10、Judging from… 从……判断
11、Talking of…谈到
12、Supposing(assuming) … 假定
It goes without saying that diligence is the key to success.
毫无疑问勤奋是成功的关键。
Weather permitting, we’ll go swimming. 天气允许的话，我们将去游泳。
There is no telling what may happen. 谁也不知道将来会发生什么。
Supposing he is ill, who will do the work.. 假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？
练一练
1．Having been ill in bed for nearly a month ,he had a hard time________ the exam. A．pass B．to pass C．passed D．passing (福建04高考)
2． ________ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all .
A．Compare B．When comparing
C．Comparing D．When compared （湖北04高考）
3． ________ straight on and you’ll see a church . You won’t miss it .
A．Go B．Going C．If you go D．When going （湖北04高考）
4. It’s such a small point that it’s hardly worth ________________.
A. troubling about
B. to trouble about
C. being troubled about
D. trouble about
5. ---What do you think of “Supergirl”, the reality TV show?
---I can’t help ________ it. I got ________ whenever I watched it!
A. to love; exciting
B. to love; excited
C. loving; exciting
D. loving; excited
6. _________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend
B. The president to attend
C. The president attended
D. The president’s attending
7. That cold current came south quickly and struck that area, _________ the ice on the rivers and lakes ________ thicker and thicker.
A. causing; to be
B. which responsible for; being
C. which was the consequence of; becoming
D. contributed to; to be
（2006年南师附中全国高考英语预测卷）
8.The picture ______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
9. ______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given（北京2000年春考）
10. – Car 17 won the race.
-- Yes, but its driver came close to _____.
A. be killed
B. have been killed
C. having been killed
D. being killed
（临汾06模考）
11．After being interviewed, the man nodded his head and rose, still _______ his bag.
A. hold
B. held
C. holding
D. to hold （06 木椟期末考试）
12. His little daughter ________for more than two days, Martin reported it to the police
that started a general search for the girl at once.
A. having missed
B. having been missing
C. has been missed
D. had been missing
13. I cannot help ________ myself on passing the examination.
A. greeting
B. congratulating
C. pleasing
D. celebrating
14. __________on both sides of the street ___________excited people who wanted to see
the bride of their prince.
A. Standing; was
B. Seated; was
C. Waiting; were
D. Coming; were （05/06 海安/如皋期末联考）
15._______ the right decisions ________ the future is probably the most important thing we'll
ever do in our lives.
A. Making; concerned
B. Make; concerning
C. To make; concerned
D. Making; concerning
（南通九校联考）
16. ---How do you deal with a disagreement between the company and its customers?
---The key ___ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers.
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; make
17. ______ nice and delicious, the roast turkey in this shop are always sold out soon.
A. Tasting
B. Tasted
C. Being tasted
D. To taste （2005学年杭州市高三第一次统测）
18.He’ll never forget the days he spent_____ in the army.
A. being trained
B. training
C. to be trained
D. to train
19.The policeman came up to the lonely house, whose door was open, ___ there for a while, and
then entered it.
A. to stand
B. stand
C. stood
D. standing （06鲁东南三市四地联考）
20. Her money___________ , the lazy middle-aged woman began to steal others' money at crowded places, such as bus stops, stations, airports and ports.
A. had run out
B. running out
C. having been run out
D. having run out
21．What made me sad was that I went to see her the day before yesterday _________ her dead on her bed.（2006年安徽省皖南部分重点学校高三联考）
A. to find
B. finding
C. found
D. find
22. Though _____in a big city, Bill always prefers to sing the songs of country life.
A. bringing up
B. grown
C. raised
D. keeping
23. _____ the tower building, where you see the whole city.
A. Standing on the top of
B. If you climb to
C. When you reach the top of
D. Get to the top of （06珠海五校联考）
24. For many weeks we had horses and oxen from heat,thirst,and starvation A．been accustomed to seeing；suffering B.been accustomed to see；suffer
C．been accustomed to see；suffering D．been accustomed to seeing；suffer
25. Now many families have cars of their own, _____it convenient to travel around the country.
A. makes
B. making
C. made
D. to make
26.Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ___.
A. would be freezing cold.
B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold
D. can freeze coldly.
26. I couldn't help but ______ that it was a mistake to lend him the money.
(A) think (B) thought (C) to think (D) thinking （上海师大附中）27．. Just after finishing the washing-up, _____.
(A) the door bell rang (B) Susan heard the door bell ring
(C) someone knocked at the door (D) the door bell was rung
28. It is reported that the man ______ of shooting 16 schoolchildren was arrested and returned
to Anhui Province by Beijing police on Friday. （山东泰安）
A. suspected
B. suspecting
C. being suspected
D. to be suspected
29.Once___, everyone taking the examination was given test papers. Just at this moment the boy ____ in the rain began to feel unwell.
A. seated, caught
B. seating, catching
C. being seated, being caught
D. having seated, having been caught
30. as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward.
A. Surrounding
B. Having surrounded
C. Surrounded
D. Being surrounded Key: DDAAD DABAD CBBCD BAACD BCDAB AABAAC
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一．动词ing形式的用法 1.正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing. 如:I'm playing football. 2.一些特殊表达..如: be good at doing sth enjoy doing sth. be busy doing feel like doing thank you for doing do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 二．动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1）一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having 3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。初中学过的这类词有：begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。4）以 y 结尾的动词直接加 ing carry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying 5）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing
年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版 内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语 编稿老师林静 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语 二. 知识精讲 （一）动词的ing形式作表语 1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。 Her duty is taking care of the babies. 照看婴儿是她的职责。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐 2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换 The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋 The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。 （二）动词的ing形式作定语 1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。 a walking stick手杖 reading room 阅览室 washing machine洗衣机 2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。 Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running). 没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。 The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor. 正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。 （三）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，这时宾语与宾补之间构成主谓关系，主要用于以下两类动词之后： 1. 表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice，catch，observe等。 I felt someone patting on the shoulder. 我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀 I caught a stranger sliding into the manager’s office.
动词ing形式的用法 一)Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。 不定式作定语： 用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：
初中英语动词ing用法小结 [导读]动词finish,mind,enjoy,practise,keep等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。 在英语教学中，我发现考 动词-ing形式的题目很多。根据多年教学经验，现在把初中阶 段-i n g 的情况总：一、一些动词后要接动名词作宾语 1.Everyoneenjoys____(watch)TVintheevening. 2.Pleasefinish____(draw)thepictureafterschool. 3.Thestudentspractise____(read)Englisheverymorning. 【解析】动词finish,mind,enjoy,practise,keep,miss,hate,consider,continue, Imagine,suggest,advise等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。答案是：watching；drawing；reading. 二、一些介词后面要加动名词作宾语 1.Heisgoodat____(write). 2.Wearelookingforwardto____(see)you. 3.Theyareinterestedin____(listen)tomusic. 4.Youcandrinkalotofwaterwithout____(get)fat. 【解析】介词后跟动词，要用动名词形式作其宾语。如下列结构中的介词：thanksfor doingsth,thinkaboutdoing,begoodatdoingsth,dowellindoingsth,succeedin doing,How/Whataboutdoingsth?,insteadofdoingsth,keepsbfromdoingsth,stopsb fromdoingsth,lookforwardtodoingsth,beusedto（习惯于 ）doingsth,devotetodoing sth,payattentiontodoing,preferdoingtodoing,makeacontribution(贡献 )todoingsth 答案是：writing;seeing;listening;getting. 三、一些固定结构要加动词的ing形式 1.Hespendshalfanhour____(do)hishomeworkeveryday. 2.Theyarebusy____(prepare)forthecomingtest. 3.Wehaveagreattime____(talk)toeachtimeatlunchtime. 【解析】在一些固定结构中要求使用动词-ing形式。 如：havesomeproblems(difficulty,trouble)doingsth,spend?doingsth,bebusy doing,havefundoingsth,haveagreattimedoingsth,,preventsbfromdoingsth,feel likedoing,giveupdoing,findsbdoing,can’thelpdoing,putoffdoing,keepondoing,be
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一?口诀：now look listen be,动词要加ing,加了ing,不要忘了be。 二.动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1)—般情况下宜接加ing think…thinking sleep…sleeping study…studying speak—speaking carr\T—carrying say■一saying 2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e,再加ing wake■一waking make一-making come—coming take―taking leave—leaving have■一having 3)以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅音，元音(aeiou),辅音”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing。 这类f司有：shop, begin, cut, put, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, bug, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid,等。
Visit不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ,女口：travel—travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。 4)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing 女口：die---dying lie---lying 一.写出下列动词的现在分词形式 work ____________ visil ___________ play ___________ study _________ dance ________ h ave ______ ___ travel __________ take __________ drop ___________ sin ___________ shop _________ swim __________ lie ___________ 二.选择题练习 1 ? Who _______________ over there now? A. singing B. arc sing C? is singing D. sing 2. It" s eight <)' clock. The students _________ an En^jish class? A. have E. C? is having D? arc having 3? Listen! The baby _____ in the next room? A. crying E? cried C? is crying D? cries 4.Look! The twins ______ new sweaters?
[导读] 动词finish, mind, enjoy, practise, keep等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。 在英语教学中，我发现考动词-ing 形式的题目很多。根据多年教学经验，现在把初中阶段容易考-ing的情况总结如下： 一、一些动词后要接动名词作宾语 1. Everyone enjoys____(watch) TV in the evening. 2. Please finish____(draw)the picture after school. 3. The students practise____(read) English every morning. 【解析】动词finish, mind, enjoy, practise, keep, miss, hate, consider, continue , Imagine, suggest, advise等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。答案是：watching；drawing；reading. 二、一些介词后面要加动名词作宾语 1. He is good at ____(write). 2. We are looking forward to____(see)you. 3. They are interested in____(listen)to music. 4. You can drink a lot of water without____(get) fat. 【解析】介词后跟动词，要用动名词形式作其宾语。如下列结构中的介词：thanks for doing sth, think about doing, be good at doing sth, do well in doing sth, succeed in doing , How/What about doing sth?, instead of doing sth, keep sb from doing sth, stop sb from doing sth, look forward to doing sth, be used to（习惯于）doing sth, devote to doing sth, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing, make a contribution (贡献)to doing sth 答案是：writing; seeing; listening;getting. 三、一些固定结构要加动词的ing形式 1. He spends half an hour____(do)his homework every day. 2. They are busy____(prepare)for the coming test. 3. We have a great time____(talk)to each time at lunchtime. 【解析】在一些固定结构中要求使用动词-ing形式。
必修4 Unit2动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的练习 一、单项填空。 1. Bill suggested ________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2009 上海卷) A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ________ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 3. — What made you so happy? —________ the first prize. A. Get B. Getting C. Got D. To get 4. I really appreciate ________ a great effort to help me out of the trouble. A. you to take B. your to take C. your taking D. your being taken 5. I still remember ________ to see films in the open air when I was small. A. to take B. taking C. being taken D. to be taken 6. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ________. A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair 7. — You did very well at the meeting, Black. —Well, I regret ________ that to the boss. A. say B. to say C. said D. having said 8. It is worth considering what makes ”convenience” foods so popular, and ________ better ones of your own. A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 9. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ________ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. (2008 湖南卷) A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived 10. Isn’t it time you got down to _______ the papers? (2006 重庆卷) A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking
动词-ing形式小结 动词-ing形式概述 v.-ing 形式包括传统语法的现在分词和动名词两部分，像动词不定式一样，它既具有动词时态和语态的特征，又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。 动词-ing形式的时态、语态 主动语态被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式 not writing v.-ing形式的一般式 V.-ing形式的一般式的构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作的同时、之前或之后。 用来泛指动作，没有时间的区分。 Seeking after knowledge is human nature． 求知是人的本性。 Travelling abroad can widen one’s outlook． 出国旅游会扩大人们的视野。 Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth． 吃太多的巧克力对你的牙齿有害。 My favourite sport is playing table tennis． 我最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。 行为与主要动作同时发生，表示伴随。 The students came into the classroom laughing and talking． 学生们又说又笑地走进了教室。 As she saw me，she came over smiling． 她看到我时，笑容可掬地走过来。 Doing the washing up，Connie was planning her holiday． 康妮在洗碗的时刻盘算着怎样度假。 行为在主要动作之前或之后。 Antonio remembered sending his mother an email three times last month． 安东尼记得上个月给他母亲发了三次电子邮件．(在前) Mr. Lee went out shutting the door behind him． 李先生出去后将门随手关上。(在后) v.-ing形式的完成式 v.-ing形式的完成式由“having + v.-ed 形式”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having finished his homework，he went to bed． 做完了作业，他去睡觉了。(先“做作业”，后“去睡觉”) He doesn’t remember having promised me that． 他忘记了曾经答应过我那件事。 She regretted having missed the film． 她很后悔没看这部电影。 I remember having heard you speak on that subject． 我记得曾经听见你谈过这个问题。 I could not recall having heard anyone say that before。 我不记得以前听过谁说这样的话。
V-ing形式的用法 动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语 【知识点拨】 一、动词-ing形式作表语 动词-ing形式可用在系动词后面作表语，说明主语的性质或情况，多表示一般性的或抽象的行为。例如： The news that our school won the game was exciting. 注意：动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区 别：进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。试比较： Mike is listening to music. 迈克正在听音乐。(当前正在进行的动作) Mike’s favorite hobby is listening to music. 迈克最大的爱好是听音乐。(说明主语的情况) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 动词-ing形式作定语有两种用法，即： 1.表示所修饰名词的用途或功能，意为“供……用的”。 例如： a reading room, a swimming pool, a singing competition, drinking water等。 2.表示主动和正在进行，相当于一个定语从句。 例如：falling leaves (=leaves that are falling), the rising sun (=the sun that is rising)。单个的动词-ing形式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前，而短语则一般被放在所修饰的名词之后。 例如：exciting news, the students talking about the problem。 三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，即用来补充说明宾语的动作或情况。常用的跟动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有： 1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词。常见的有 see, watch, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, catch等。例如：I could feel my heart beating wildly. 2. 使役动词。常见的有have, set, keep, get, leave等。例如： They had the light burning all night. 【巩固练习】 I. 单项填空。 1. When she got home, she found her little son ________ on the ground, crying. A. lies B. lay C. lying D. laying 2. The patient ________ by the doctor is Li Ming’s mother. A. to examine B. examining C. is examined D. being examined
［导读］动词finish, mind, enjoy, practise, keep 等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。 在英语教学中，我发现考动词-ing形式的题目很多。根据多年教学经验，现在把初中 阶段容易考-ing的情况总结如下： 一、一些动词后要接动名词作宾语 1. Everyone enjoys __ (watch) TV in the evening. 2. Please finish ___ (draw)the picture after school. 3. The stude nts practise __ (read) En glish every morning. 【解析】动词finish, mind, enjoy, practise, keep, miss, hate, consider, continue , Imagine, suggest, advise 等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。答案是：watching ；drawing ；reading. 二、一些介词后面要加动名词作宾语 1. He is good at ___ (write). 2. We are look ing forward to _ (see)you. 3. They are in terested in _ (liste n)to music. 4. You can drink a lot of water without __ (get) fat. 【解析】介词后跟动词，要用动名词形式作其宾语。如下列结构中的介词：tha nks for doing sth, think about doing, be good at doing sth, do well in doing sth, succeed in doing , How/What about doing sth?, in stead of doing sth, keep sb from doing sth, stop sb from doing sth, look forward to doing sth, be used to (习惯于)doing sth, devote to doing sth, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing, make a contribution (贡献)to doing sth 答案是：writing; seeing; listening;getting. 三、一些固定结构要加动词的ing形式 1. He spe nds half an hour __ (do)his homework every day. 2. They are busy (prepare)for the coming test.
1、-ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式完成式 主动形式 doing 主动形式 having done 被动形式 being done 被动形式 having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如： The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
Unit 4动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. = keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job His hobby is painting. = Painting is his job. 2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词），作表语用的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising, puzzling, exciting等（这类分词表示“令人….的”含义）。如：The problem is quite puzzling. The news sounds encouraging. 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 reading material 阅读材料 No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room. There is a swimming pool in our school. ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。（注意动名词作定语说明被修饰词作用意义；现在分词做定语说明被修饰词正在做什么）developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题 sleeping child 熟睡的孩子walking stick 手杖living room 起居室running water 自来水 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 In the following years he worked even hard. 在接下来的几年中，他工作更努力了。 The man talking to(=the man who is talking to) the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正在与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.
姓名：班别：学号： 动词ing形式专项练习 挑战一、请给下面的单词加上“ing”形式，并留心观察它们的变化规律。 buy ____________ wear ____________ feed ____________ grow ____________ see ____________ catch ____________ deliver ____________ play ____________ sing ____________ tell ____________ blow ____________ go ____________ do ____________ sweep ____________ help ____________ jump ____________ sleep ____________ talk ____________ check ____________ think ____________ work ____________ look ____________ cook ____________ ask ____________ learn ____________ clean ____________ garden ____________ meet ____________ eat ____________ have ______________ take ______________ move ______________ drive _______________ serve _______________ give ________________ forget ____________ cut ____________ get ____________ swim ____________ skip ____________ run ____________
动词ing形式的用法 动词的-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，包括-ing分词和-ing 动名词。可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。 1.一般形式 Seeing is believing. 眼见为信。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16个小时。 2.通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如： It‘s nice talking wi th you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It‘s no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 3.“There + be + no + -ing”结构，此结构的意义相当于“It‘s impossible + 不定式”。如： There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。 作表语 动词-ing可用来作表语。如： This food smells inviting. 这种食物香味怡人。 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 Their job is cleaning the window. 他们的工作是打扫窗子。 作宾语 1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。 I warned her against driving fast. Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit，acknowledge，advise，appreciate，avoid，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，excuse，escape，
动词-ing形式的句法功能 一、做主语; e.g. Reading good books makes us
1）在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾–ing。 eg. do –doing cook –cooking 2) 在以e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。 eg. come –coming live –living dance –dancing make –making 3）重读闭音节的动词，要双写最后面的辅音字母, 加–ing. eg. sit –sitting run –running; 现在进行时：表示说话时，正在进行的动作或事件。谓语结构：be+动词ing 动词-ing的构成： 1）在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾–ing。 eg. do –doing cook –cooking 2) 在以e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。 eg. come –coming live –living dance –dancing make –making 3) 重读闭音节的动词，要双写最后面的辅音字母, 加–ing. eg. sit –sitting run –running; 现在进行时：表示说话时，正在进行的动作或事件。谓语结构：be+动词ing 动词-ing的构成： 1）在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾–ing。 eg. do –doing cook –cooking 2) 在以e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。 eg. come –coming live –living dance –dancing make –making 3) 重读闭音节的动词，要双写最后面的辅音字母, 加–ing. eg. sit –sitting run –running; 1）在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾–ing。 eg. do –doing cook –cooking 2) 在以e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。 eg. come –coming live –living dance –dancing make –making 3) 重读闭音节的动词，要双写最后面的辅音字母, 加–ing. eg. sit –sitting run –running; 现在进行时：表示说话时，正在进行的动作或事件。谓语结构：be+动词ing 动词-ing的构成： 1）在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾–ing。 eg. do –doing cook –cooking 2) 在以e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。 eg. come –coming live –living dance –dancing make –making 3) 重读闭音节的动词，要双写最后面的辅音字母, 加–ing. eg. sit –sitting run –running; 现在进行时：表示说话时，正在进行的动作或事件。谓语结构：be+动词ing 动词-ing的构成： 1）在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾–ing。 eg. do –doing cook –cooking 2) 在以e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。 eg. come –coming live –living dance –dancing make –making 3) 重读闭音节的动词，要双写最后面的辅音字母, 加–ing. eg. sit –sitting run –running;