Unit 1Women of achievement
重点短语
1.behave vt.&vi.举动;(举止或行为)表现
派生behaviour n.行为;举止;习性well-behaved adj.表现好的badly-behaved adj.表现差的
(1)behave well/badly 行为或态度良好/恶劣
(2)behave oneself 表现得体;有礼貌
2.observe vt.观察;观测;看到;注意到;遵守;庆祝
派生observation n.观察;观测observer n.观察者;观察员
(1)observe sb.do sth.看到某人做某事
(2)observe sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事
3.respect vt.尊敬;尊重;重视n.尊敬;尊重;(pl.)敬意;问候;祝愿
派生respectable adj.受人尊敬的respectful adj.尊敬人的
(1)respect sb.for sth. 因某事尊敬某人
(2)give one’s respects to sb. 向某人致敬/问候
(3)out of respect for sb. 出于对某人的尊重
4.argue vt.&vi.讨论;辩论;争论
派生argument n.争论;争辩;争吵;论点
(1)argue for... 为……而争论;为……而辩护
(2)argue against... 争辩(反对)……
(3)argue with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人争辩某事
(4)argue sb.into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
5.crowd in(on sb.)(想法、问题等)涌上心头
(1)crowd into the hall 涌进大厅
(2)a crowd of 一群;一堆
(3)in crowds成群;大群地
(4)be crowded with 满是
6.refer to提到;说到;指;参考;查阅
(1)refer to和consult后往往跟书籍、词典等名词。
(2)look up后面常跟所要查找的内容做宾语,然后再接“介词+书籍/词典”等。
7.intend vt.意欲;计划;打算;打算使……;想让……做
派生intention n.打算;意图;意向;目的
(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事
(2)intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事
(3)be intended for... 为……准备;为……计划/设计
重点句型
Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
突然我想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
分析提炼·究考法
It hit/hits sb....某人突然想起……。it是形式主语,代替后面的主语从句。类似句式还有:
It occurs to sb.that...某人突然想到……
It strikes sb.that...某人突然想到……
It happens that...碰巧……
Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. We stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上，眺望乡村。 2. A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人。 Add v. 增加 1. He added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。 2. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九。 3. Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴 v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. I'm always upset when I don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 2. He has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服。 3. The news quite upset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱。 Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. I can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。 Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的 v. 平静下来,镇静 1. It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静、明媚的早晨。 2. You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。 3. Have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来。 calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来) 1. His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace. 乡村的宁静很快就使他的怒气平静下来。 2. I told myself to calm down. 我告诫自己要冷静下来。 have got to conj. 不得不(必须) 1. You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence. 你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚忍不拔的精神。 2. I couldn't have got to the meeting on time -- unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。 Concern n. 关心,关系, 关切的事,忧虑 v. 涉及,与...有关,影响;使关心 1. How much money I earn is none of your concern. 我挣多少钱与你无关。 2. These problems concern all of us. 这些问题影响到我们每一个人。 3. This restaurant is a family concern. 这家饭店是由一家人经营的。 be concerned about vt. 关心(挂念) 1. It is reassuring to be enquired after when you're ill. It shows your friends haven't stopped being concerned about you. 如果能询问一下你是何时生病的我们也就放心了。因为你的朋友一直在关心你。 2. The government's claim to be concerned about unemployment is sheer hypocrisy. 政府声称对失业表示关注纯属做做姿态。 Cheat n. 骗子,欺骗行为 v. 欺骗,作弊 1. His father was cheated of his land. 他的父亲被人骗走了地产。 2. He never cheats to pass examination. 他考试从不作弊。 3. He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了. Reason n. 理由,原因,理智,理性 v. 说服,推论,下判断 1. She can reason very clearly. 她能很清晰地思考。 2. Copernicus reasoned that the earth revolved around the sun. 哥白尼论证了地球绕着太阳转。 3. We have reason to believe that he was murdered. 我们有理由相信他是被谋杀的。 list n. 目录,名单,明细表 v. 列出,列于表上,记入名单内 1. He wrote down his name on the list. 他将他的名字写在清单上。 2. He listed all the things he had to do. 他把自己必须做的事列成表。 Share n. 部份,股份,分担 v. 共享,共有,分配 1. If you want a share of the pay, you'll have to do your fair share of the work. 要是你想得到一份报酬，你就必须做好你该分担的那一份工作。 2. She's got all her money in stocks and shares. 她所有的钱都投放到股票里去了。
高中数学必修4知识点总结 第一章三角函数（初等函数二） ?? ??? 正角:按逆时针方向旋转形成的角1、任意角负角:按顺时针方向旋转形成的角零角:不作任何旋转形成的角 2、角α的顶点与原点重合，角的始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，终边落在第几象限，则称α为第几象限角． 第一象限角的集合为{} 36036090,k k k αα?<
人教版高一英语必修一第四单元Earthquake重点词组及练习 1.burst into +n =burst out doing 突然·····起来burst into tears =burst out crying 2.as is known to everybody总所周知 3.be injured 受伤 4.cut across穿过横穿 5.as usual像往常一样 6.give out散发出精疲力竭 7.instead of 代替 8.give a speech演讲9.put up shelters搭建避难 10.be pleased to do sth.乐意做某事11.be proud of 以·····而自豪 12.the number of ·····的数量13.in the open air 在户外 14.right away立刻15.in ruins破败不堪成废墟 16.dig out掘出17.at an end 终结 18.a number of 许多大量的19.too····· to·····太·····而不能 20.tens of thousands of 成千上万的 21.be trapped in =be caught in 被困在·····中 22.all ····· not····· = not all·····并非所有·····都 23.to the north of =north of 在·····的北面24.be rescued from 被从·····解救出 25.be buried 被埋葬被埋藏26.bury oneself in =be buried in 专心于，埋头于 27.think little of 评价不高think highly of 赞许给予较高评价 28.as if 仿佛29. be/ get shocked 震惊30.at an end 终结 1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crashed and burst. 城市里，一些大楼里的水管爆裂。 burst爆裂,突发 用法归纳： I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。 The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。 There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 联想扩展： (1) burst in on…突然打断 He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打断了我们的谈话。 (2) burst into +n.突然… The speaker burst into angry speech. 演讲者突然讲粗话。 (3) burst out + doing突然… The woman burst out crying like a child. 那个妇女突然像小孩一样哭了。 2. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受伤。injury n. 伤害 易混辨析： injure ; hurt; wound; harm 伤害
高一英语必修1 Unit 1 Friendship Part 1. Warming up 1.介词不同，含义有别： be good to sb./sth. 对… 好be good for sb./sth. 对… 有好处 be good at (doing) sth. 擅长，精通be good with sb./sth. 善于应付… 的 eg. She was very good to me when I was ill. Doing morning exercises is good for health. Tim is good at speaking English. He is very good with children. 他对孩子很有一套。 2.add up 合计，把…加起来add up to 合计达到… add to 增加，增添add A to B 把…加进…里面，把…和…相加 eg. Please add these figures up. These figures add up to 900. The bad weather added to our difficulities. Please add some salt to the water. Add three to four and you get seven. ▲ add vt. 补充说（后接that从句或者直接引语） eg. He added that they would return in a week. “And don’t be late,”she added. 3.point n.点，要点，观点，意义，得分v.指着 be on the point of doing sth. when......=be about to do sht. when....正要做某事，这时...... There is no point (in) doing sth. 没有必要（意义）做某事 4. until与not … until until表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到……为止”，或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示延续性动作的动词连用。 not … until表示“到……为止；直到……才”，常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。 eg. He lived with his parents until he graduated from college. The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight. 5. finish sth./doing sth. 后跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语还有：admit, appreciate, avoid，consider，delay, enjoy，escape, feel like, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine，mind, miss（错过）, practice, suggest, risk，can't stand（不能忍受）, can’t help (忍不住），give up, put off等。 help sb.(to) do sth. There is no way to escape doing the work. 没有办法逃脱做这项工作。 We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。 He put off paying the bills 6. get sth. done 使某事被做( get做使役动词，“使、叫、让”后接复合宾语) eg. When are you going to get your hair cut? I must get my homework finished first before going out to play. He got his foot hurt while playing football. ▲get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事eg. I will get him to do the work. ▲get sb./sth. doing…使某人或者某物开始…起来eg. Let me try now. I will get the car going. ▲get + n. + adj. 使… 成为某种状态eg. Get everything ready. ★联想：have sth. done 使某事被做 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
欢迎使用，祝您学有所成。 第一单元 1）achieve 表示“完成，到达”。 区别achieve，reach，gain： achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。 reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。 gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。 2）condition 表示“条件”，condition为单数时，表示人/物所处的“状态”。 conditions（复数）指一般情况，环境。 in good/poor condition状况好/不好。 out of condition状况不好。 on condition that在……条件下，假使。 on no condition决不。 3）connection 表示“连接，关系”。 connections亲戚。 in connection with与……有关。 4）behave 表示“举止，举动，行为表现”。 behave oneself表现良好，行为良好。 behave as起……作用，表现为……。 5）worthwhile 表示“值得做的，值得出力的”。 句型It is worhtwhile doing/to do sth“干……是值得的”。 6）observe 表示“观察，注意”，可接省略to的不定式的复合结构，当observe用被动语态时，其后的不定式应回复to。 observe后也可接由现在分词构成的复合结构。 后接that从句，表示“注意到，说”。 observe还可以表示“遵守，庆祝”。 7）respect 作动词，后直接跟宾语。 respect oneself自重，自尊。 作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”。have/show respect for意为“对……尊重/尊敬”。 have respect to注意，考虑。 表示“敬意，问候”时，用复数形式，常与give，send，pay连用。 in respect of sth就某方面而言。 with respect to 涉及，关于。 8）argue 表示“争论，辩论”。
高三英语必修一unit4知识点整理 《高三英语必修一unit4知识点整理》助你榜上有名！ 1.Nowimaginetherehasbeenabigearthquake.现在，假设有一次大地震。 “There+be+主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。 其它相似句型还有： Therehappentobe碰巧有 Thereseems/appearstobe好像有 Thereislikelytobe可能有 Theremay/mightbe也许有 Theremustbe一定有 Therecan’tbe不可能有 Thereissaid/reportedtobe据说/据报道有 Thereusedtobe曾经有 Thereissure/certaintobe一定有 2.happento. It(so)happenedthat… DidyouhearwhathappenedtoDavidlastnight? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗? WhatwillhappentothechildrenifPeterandAlicebreakup? 如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办?
IhappenedtoseePeteronthewaytothebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 ItsohappenedthatIsawPeteronthewaytothebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 Ihappenedtobeoutwhenhecalled.他来访时，恰巧我出去了。 (=IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.) IhappenedonjustthethingIhadbeenlookingfor.我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。 3.rightaway毫不迟疑，立刻 Heisill;youshouldcallinthedoctorrightaway.他病了,你应该立即请大夫来。 4.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.裂缝里冒出臭气。 5.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 6.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 7.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示“(在某人)看来好像;似乎” ①Itseems/looks/appearsasif/though…看起来好像… ②Sb./Sth.looksasif/though…(不用seem/appear) ③Thereseems/appears(tobe)…(不用look) Thereappearstohavebeenamistake.=Itappearsthattherehasbeenamistake. ④Itseemsso.=Soitseems.看来似乎是这样。 8.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。
高中数学必修4知识点汇总 第一章：三角函数 1、任意角①正角：按逆时针方向旋转形成的角 ②负角：按顺时针方向旋转形成的角 ③零角：不作任何旋转形成的角 2、角α的顶点与原点重合，角的始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，终边落在第几象限，则称α为第几象限角． 第一象限角的集合为{} 36036090,k k k αα?<，则sin y r α= ，cos x r α=，()tan 0y x x α=≠． 10、三角函数在各象限的符号：一全正，二正弦，三正切，四余弦．
高一英语必修一Unit1 Friendship知识点总结 1. be good to 对……友好 be good for 对……有益;be bad to…/be bad for… 2. add up 加起来增加 add up to 合计，总计 add… to 把……加到…… 3. not…until/till 意思是“直到…才” 4. get sth/sb done 使……完成/使某人被…… 5. calm down平静下来 6. be concerned about 关心注重 7. 当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的 主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。 While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose. 8. cheat in the exam 考试作弊 9. go through 经历;度过;获准，通过 10. hide away 躲藏;隐 藏 11. set down 写下，记下 12. I wonder if….. 我不知道是不是…. 12. on purpose 故意 13. sth happen to sb 某人发生某事 sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 it so happened that ……正巧碰巧 14. It is the first (second…) that… (从句谓语动词用现在 完成时) 15. in one’s power 处于……的控制之中16. It’s no pleasure doing…. 做…..没有乐趣 It’s no good/ use doing s th. 做某事是没好处/没用的
必修4 Unit1 Women of achievement知识点讲解 重点词汇 1. achieve 【课文原句】She has achieved everything she wanted to do… (P3) 【名师点拨】achieve v. 意为“完成；达到”，指经过长期努力而达到某目标、地位或标准等。其名词形式为achievement，意为“成就；功绩”，a sense of achievement可指“成就感”。如： He had finally achieved success. Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement. 2. condition 【课文原句】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education. (P1) 【名师点拨】condition 意为“环境；境况；条件”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式conditions；意为“状态；状况”时，是不可数名词，be in good condition表示“处于良好的状态”，be out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。如： We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions. The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness. My car is old but in good condition. He is overweight and out of condition. 【知识拓展】condition意为“条件”时，常用短语on condition that，表示“如果；在……条件下”；在美国英语中，也经常用under the condition that。如： I will come on condition that Peter is invited. They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly. 3. devote 【课文原句】She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. (P1) 【名师点拨】devote vt. 意为“投入于；献身”，其宾语后常与介词to搭配，
SectionA 语言知识精讲 重点词汇讲解 1.up to now 直到现在 up to now he’s been quiet up to now we’ve finished two thirds of the work up to now 在句中做时间状语，句子一般用现在完成时 2.humour n. eg:Our teacher hass a sense of humour 【单词积累】 humourous adj. humourless adj. humourist n. 【搭配拓展】 have a( good) sense of humour lack humour see the humour 3.break eg:.They planned to break into the bank that day As the president’s car arrived ,the crowd broke into loud 思维拓展 Break down使崩溃；毁坏，放弃抵抗；分解；出故障；身体出毛病 Break into/in 破门而入，突然发生 Break up 关系破裂，驱散人群 Break out 火灾，战争突然爆发 Break off 折断树枝，停止工作 Break through 突破障碍，穿越 例题演练： 1.Will you attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon? -------I the invitation up to now. A.haven’ t received B. Won’t receive C. will not have received D. didn’t receive 2.I can’t stand people . A. with no sense of humour B. who have no sense of humour C. who lack humour D. all the above
高中英语必修四知识要点归纳高中英语必修四知识要点归纳 1)achieve 表示“完成，到达”。 区别achieve，reach，gain： achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。 reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。 gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。 2)condition 表示“条件”，condition为单数时，表示人/物所处的“状态”。 conditions(复数)指一般情况，环境。 ingood/poorcondition状况好/不好。 outofcondition状况不好。 onconditionthat在……条件下，假使。 onnocondition决不。 3)connection 表示“连接，关系”。 connections亲戚。 inconnectionwith与……有关。
4)behave 表示“举止，举动，行为表现”。 behaveoneself表现良好，行为良好。 behaveas起……作用，表现为……。 5)worthwhile 表示“值得做的，值得出力的”。 句型Itisworhtwhiledoing/todosth“干……是值得的”。 6)observe 表示“观察，注意”，可接省略to的不定式的复合结构，当observe用被动语态时，其后的不定式应回复to。 observe后也可接由现在分词构成的复合结构。 后接that从句，表示“注意到，说”。 observe还可以表示“遵守，庆祝”。 重点短语 1.breakinto闯入，进入 2.uptonow直到现在 4.feel/becontentwith对……满足 5.badlyoff穷的，缺少的` 7.pickout挑选出，辨认出 8.ontheedgeof在…边沿 9.cutoff切断，断绝 10.insilence沉默，不作声 11.makeuseof使用
必修I---unit 4 I---IV Earthquakes 一、知识点 1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake.现在，假设有一次大地震。 “There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有： There happen to be碰巧有 There seems/appears to be好像有 There is likely to be可能有 There may/might be也许有 There must be一定有 不可能有 There can’t be There is said/reported to be据说/据报道有 There used to be曾经有 There is sure/certain to be一定有 2. happen to. It (so) happened that… Did you hear what happened to David last night?你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up?如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办?
I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 I happened to be out when he called.他来访时，恰巧我出去了。(= It happened that I was outwhen he called.) I happened on just the thing I had been looking for.我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。 3. right away毫不迟疑，立刻 He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away.他病了,你应该立即请大夫来。 4. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.裂缝里冒出臭气。 5. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usualthat night.但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 7. It seemed as if the world was at an end.世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示“（ 在某人)看来好像；似乎” 看起来好像… ①It seems/looks/appears as if/though… ②Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…（ 不用seem/appear) 不用look) ③There seems/appears(to be)…（ There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake.
新人教版高中数学必修4知识点总结经典
新课标高中数学必修4知识点详细总结 ?? ??? 正角:按逆时针方向旋转形成的角1、任意角负角:按顺时针方向旋转形成的角零角:不作任何旋转形成的角 2、角α的顶点与原点重合，角的始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，终边落在第几象限，则称α为第几象限角． 第一象限角的集合为{}36036090,k k k αα?<
高中英语必修一UNIT1知识点归纳及练习 一、知识点 1. be good to 对……友好 be good for 对……有益；be bad to…/be bad for… I will be good to other people.我会善良的对待其他人. It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有阳光的地方度假会给你带来很多好处。 The Olympics will be good for business. 奥运会的召开将有利于商业的发展。 be good at 擅长make good 有成就；成功as good as 实际上；几乎等于a good deal 许多，大量彻底的；完全的；痛快的to have a good drink 喝个痛快 2. add up 加起来 add up to 合计，总计add… to把……加到…… add to 增加 Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加起来，看看得多少？ Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all. Good friends do not add up what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed. The figures add up to 270. 这些数字加起来是270。 You shouldn’t add fuel to the flame你不应该火上加油 Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使节日的夜晚更加生色。 The bad weather added to the shipwrecked sailors’ difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。
政治必修四 第一单元生活智慧与时代精神 1、哲学是系统化，理论化的世界观。是世界观和方法论的统一 世界观决定方法论，方法论体现世界观 2、哲学的基本问题是思维和存在（意识和物质）的关系问题 包括思维和存在的第一性问题（区分唯物主义和唯心主义的唯一标准）和同一性问题（区别可知论和不可知论）。 3、唯物主义： 古代朴素唯物主义：否认世界是神创造的，认为世界是物质的，坚持了唯物主义的根本方向。（局限性：只是一种猜测，没有科学依据，把物质归结为具体的物质形态。） 近代形而上学唯物主义：把物质归结为自然科学意义上的原子，认为原子是世界本原。（局限性：具有机械性，形而上学性和历史观上的唯心主义等局限性。） 辩证唯物和历史唯物主义：认为世界的本质是物质，物质第一意识第二，意识具有主观能动性。(优点：正确揭示了物质世界的基本规律，反映了社会历史发展的客观要求。) 下列说法均属于唯物主义： 天地合气，万物自生。巧妇难为无米之炊。形存则神存，形谢则神灭。 天地合而万物生。实事求是，求真务实。天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡。 人病则忧惧，忧惧则鬼出。气者，理之依也。 4、唯心主义： 主观唯心：把人的主观精神（如，人的目的，意识，感觉）夸大为唯一的实在。当成第一性的东西，认为客观事物以及整个世界，都依赖于人的主观精神。 掩耳盗铃。画饼充饥。望梅止渴。物是观念的结合，存在即被感知。 我思故我在。心外无物。宇宙便是吾心，吾心即是真理。 眼开则花明，眼闭则花寂。人的理性为自然立法。心想事成，梦想成真。 客观唯心：把客观精神（如上帝，理念，绝对精神）看作世界的主宰和本原，认为现实的物质世界只是这些客观精神的外化和表现。 道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。理生万物。 上第七天创造世界。现实世界是理论世界的影子。 5、辩证法和形而上学 6、马克思主义哲学中国化的重大理论成果：毛泽东思想，邓小平理论，“三个代表”重要思想，科学发展观。
第四单元Earthquake 1.burst into +n =burst out doing 突然·····起来burst into tears =burst out crying 2.as is known to everybody总所周知 3.be/get injured 受伤 4.cut across穿过横穿 5.as usual像往常一样 6.give out散发出精疲力竭 7.instead of 代替 8.give a speech演讲9.put up shelters搭建避难 10.be pleased to do sth.乐意做某事11.be proud of 以·····而自豪=take pride in… 12.the number of ·····的数量13.in the open air 在户外 14.right away立刻15.in ruins破败不堪成废墟 16.dig out掘出17.at an end 终结 18.a number of 许多大量的19.too····· to·····太·····而不能 20.tens of thousands of 成千上万的21.be trapped in =be caught in 被困在·····中 22.all ····· not····· = not all·····并非所有·····都 23.to the north of =north of 在·····的北面24.be rescued from 被从·····解救出 25.be buried 被埋葬被埋藏26.bury oneself in =be buried in 专心于，埋头于 27.think little of 评价不高think highly of 赞许给予较高评价 28.as if 仿佛29. be/ get shocked 震惊30.at an end 终结 【重点词汇】 1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crashed and burst. 城市里，一些大楼里的水管爆裂。 burst爆裂,突发 用法归纳： I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。 The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。 There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 联想扩展： (1) burst in on…突然打断 He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打断了我们的谈话。 (2)burst into +n.突然… The speaker burst into angry speech. 演讲者突然讲粗话。 (3) burst out + doing突然… The woman burst out crying like a child. 那个妇女突然像小孩一样哭了。 2. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受伤。injury n. 伤害 易混辨析： injure ; hurt; wound; harm 伤害 injure比hurt 正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。