Chapter Five History of Automobile 【课题】How about Auto Racing
【教材版本】
高等教育出版社，中职教材《汽车专业英语》.
【教学目标】
1．了解赛车运动的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
2．能了解汽车文化, 并能借助字典查阅英文资料。
【教学重点、难点】
教学重点：赛车常用术语的英文名称。
教学难点：加深对汽车文化的理解。
【教学媒体及教学方法】
A. 语言功能意念训练
B. 围绕课文展开的讨论
C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第5章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】
2课时（90分钟）
【教学建议】
通过图片、视频等素材，使学生掌握赛车术语的英文表达。
增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
【教学过程】
一、导入（5分钟）
Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1, and currently officially referred to as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
二、新授（75分钟）
译前词语准备
pit stop （赛场中的）修理站，加油站FIA(Federation International Automobile) 国际汽车联盟
World Championship 世界锦标赛
译文及评析
Auto racing is a test of endurance for the vehicle and the driver. Cutting edge technology combined with exceptional skill in driving, backed up with an all-encompassing team spirit is probably the reason behind most of the successes in auto racing. Auto racing is a demanding, yet exhilarating sport. An auto racing team is made of five core elements: The ownership, The team manager, The driver, The support crew, The sponsors.
赛车对汽车和车手来说都是一场耐力测试。尖端科技与异乎寻常的技术在驾驶上的相互结合，有一个全方位团队精神的支持，这些也许就是在赛车中绝大多数成功者背后的原因。赛车是一项要求苛刻的、但令人爽快的运动。赛车队由五个核心部分：所有人、赛队经理人、车手、维护人员、赞助商。
评析： auto：汽车，是美国口语用法。句中“ownership”本意“物主”，这里指车队所有人，即车队老板。
Brief service breaks during auto racing are called pit stops. The
driver works with the support crew to handle repairs, tire changes and fuel refills at the pit stops. The primary auto racing series in most parts of the world are for Formula One cars and sports cars. Formula racing (single-seat auto racing) is organized and regulated by the FIA(Federation International Automobile). The FIA also regulates slower and less advanced single-seat cars competing in such categories as Formula Two (F2), Formula Three (F3), and Formula 3000 (F3000). Formula One racing comprises two World Championship titles, one for the drivers and one for the constructors.
赛车期间短暂的维护休息称为修理站（pit stop）。在修理站，车手与维护人员一起进行修理、轮胎更换和燃油加注工作。世界上多数主要的赛车是一级方程式和运动赛车。方程式比赛（单座赛车）是由国际汽车联盟组织和协调的。国际汽车联盟也管制着更慢、等级更低的单座赛车，如二级方程式（F2）、三级方程式（F3），以及方程式3000（F3000）。一级方程式比赛包括2个世界锦标赛，一个面向车手，一个面向汽车制造者。
评析：“pit”，直译为深坑，但在这里应与“Stop”为一专业词组，指赛车运动中的“修理站”。FIA，在本文中是“Federation International Automobile”的缩写，意为国际汽车联盟。另一种解释为“Factory Insurance Association” ，（美国）工厂保险协会。
Formula One cars are the most technologically advanced in auto racing.
A leading edge Formula One racing car combines the best features of a jet fighter and a common road car. Aerodynamics is the key to the success of Formula One racing and millions of dollars are spent every year on research and development in the field. All Formula One racing cars use carbon fiber composite brake discs. They save weight and are able to operate at higher temperatures than steel discs.
一级方程式赛车是赛车中科技含量极高的。一辆引领尖端潮流的一级方程式赛车，同时具备了喷气式战斗机和在路上行驶的汽车的优点。空气动力学是通向一级方程式赛车成功之路的钥匙，每年在此领域的研究与开发上，都有数百万的美金的投入。所有的一级方程式赛车使用碳素纤维合成物制动盘。它们减轻了重量，并且与钢制制动盘相比，在更高的温度下都能易于操纵。
评析：“Aerodynamics is the key to the success of Formula One racing and millions of dollars are spent every year on research and development in the field.”该句由“and”分为两句并列句。“to the success of Formula One
racing”是前面宾语“Key”的定语。
The gearboxes of modern Formula One racing cars are highly automated. Drivers select gears via paddles fitted behind the steering wheel.
一级方程式赛车的现代变速器是高自动化的。车手通过安装在方向盘后面的操纵杆来选择档位。
评析：gearbox，意为变速器，也可说成“齿轮箱”，这与中国汽车业的通俗叫法一样。因为传统的变速器是手动换档的齿轮结构，所以沿袭了这样的称呼，而现代的变速器越来越多地采用自动换档和无级变速结构。
Tires are a racecar's biggest performance variable. A Formula One racing tire is designed to last for at most 200 kilometers and is made as light and strong as possible.
轮胎是一辆赛车最大的性能变数。一级方程式比赛轮胎在200公里中多数是计划用到最后的，要尽可能的轻而结实。
评析：performance 有很多含义：表演、执行、成绩、作品、行为等，在这里，它表示工作性能。
Modern overalls, gloves and boots are made from special fireproof materials. The overalls feature multi-layer construction from a special form of Armed plastic fabric and is made as light as possible. The patches carrying corporate and sponsors' logos and the thread used to sew the overalls are also made from the same material. The fireproof gloves are also made as thin as possible. The soles of the driver's racing boots are much thinner than those of ordinary shoes.
现代的赛车服，手套和靴子由特殊的防火材料制成。衣服的特点是多层构造的，由具有防护功能的塑胶织品特别制成，并且尽可能的轻。上面的装饰带有团队和赞助商的标志，通常缝制的线也是用同样的材料制成的。防火手套也要做的尽可能薄。车手的比赛靴子的鞋底比通常的鞋子要薄的多。
评析：overall是指工作服、防护服，但注意，它还有“全面、综合”的意思，如果出现在汽车专业维修知识中，应译为“大修”。
It is not the individual efforts of the driver alone that results in a win at the end of the race, although indisputably it is the major factor. Facts like how the team manages pits, equipment failures, blown engines,
broken transmission gears and break failures have to be considered. Some other factors like how the driver adapts to changing tracks and weather conditions also determine the winner.
比赛最后的胜利并非因为车手一个人的努力，尽管这一点是无可争辩的主要因素。诸如队伍怎样管理修理站，装备的故障，损坏的发动机，断裂的变速器齿轮和突发故障等等，都必须考虑在内。还有一些车手怎样适应赛道和天气状况之类的其它因素，也决定了胜负。
评析：It is not the individual efforts of the driver alone that results in a win at the end of the race.句中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是由“that”引导的主语从句。
Word study
stop
vi.& vt. 停止
vt. 阻止，阻拦
n. 停止
n.停车站
例句与用法:
1.The driver tried hard to stop the car.
司机拼命想停住车。
2.Nothing would stop him from becoming a engineer.
没有任何力量能阻挡他成为一名工程师。
3.We didn’t make any stops on t he way.
一路上我们没有停顿。
4.Brief service breaks during auto racing are called pit stops.
赛车期间短暂的维护休息称为修理站（pit stop）。
like
vt. 喜欢
prep.像，像要，如同
adj.相象的，相同的，同类的
n.同样的人（或事物）
n.爱好
例句与用法:
1.He likes sports.
他喜欢体育运动。
2.He looks like winning.
他好像要赢了。
3.Some other factors like how the driver adapts to changing tracks and weather
conditions also determine the winner.
还有一些其它因素，比如车手怎样适应赛道和天气状况等也决定了胜负。4.He and his younger brother are very like.
他和他弟弟长得很像。
5.We have never met his like before.
我们从未遇见他这样的人。
6.You should try to discover y our students’likes and dislikes.
你应该设法发现你学生的好恶。
Grammar: 英语单词的构成(一)
英语单词最基本的部分叫做词根。它是单词里不变化的部分，表达那个单词的基本意义。
它的前头或后头都可能接上词头和词尾，用来引伸或转变那个单词的意义。如果能够熟练地掌握各种词头和词尾的基本涵义，我们就能大致了解
新构成的那个词的意义。
现举例说明如下：
product n. 产品underproduction
n.
生产不足
produce v. 生产conduct v. 传导；指导productive a. 有生产力的conductive a. 传导的productivity
n.
生产率conductor n. 导体
producton n. 生产conduction n. 传导
introduce v. 介绍；传入conductivity n. 传导性；传导率introdution n. 介绍；传入non-conductor n. 非导体
overproduction n. 生产过剩semi-conductor
n.
半导体
常见词头的含义
anti- 反对；抗ex- 除去
auto 自己；自in- 在内
bi- 双；对；二inter- 相互
con- 共同；一起intro- 向内contra- 反对；相反non- 非；不
dis- 不；无；解除over- 超过；过分
en- 置于semi- 半
equi- 同等under- 不足
三、课堂讨论及作业（10分钟）
Ⅰ.Answer the following questions in English（用英语回答问题）.
1、How many elements does an auto racing team comprise? Try to list.
The ownership, The team manager, The driver, The support crew, The sponsors.
2、Which union is the worldwide governing body of auto racing?
FIA(Federation International Automobile).
3、Formula One racing comprises three World Championship titles, does
it?
No.Formula One racing comprises two World Championship titles, one for the drivers and one for the constructors.
4、What determine the winner at the end of the race?
There are many factors: the driver; the pits the equipment; the engines; the transmission gears; the tracks and the weather conditions.
Ⅱ. Translate following expressions into English（将下列词组译成英语）.
1、（赛场中的）修理站，加油站 pit stop
2、方向盘 steering wheel
3、尽可能轻 as light as possible
4、世界锦标赛 World Championship
5、变速器齿轮 transmission gear
6、突发故障 break failure
Ⅲ. Translate following sentences into English（将下列句子译成英语）.
1、赛车是一项要求苛刻的、但令人爽快的运动。
Auto racing is a demanding, yet exhilarating sport.
2、迈克尔·舒马赫（Michael Schumacher）是当今无可争议的一级方程式赛车
冠军。
Michael Schumacher is now the undisputed champion of Formula One racing.
3、一级方程式赛车是赛车中科技含量极高的。
Formula One cars are the most technologically advanced in auto racing.
4、赛队必须保持尖端的科技以成为赢家。
The team must keep up with cutting-edge technology to emerge a winner.
Reading Material
·T or F.
1、In many ways the Porsche resembles the Ferrari.
F
2、The modern Porsche really began in 1902 when Dr. Ferdinand Porsche
built his first car. It was quite remarkable because of its method of power steering.
F
3、Dr. Porsche formed his own engineering' firm in 1930.
T
4、The first Porsche was produced in 1945 and exhibited to the public in
1947.
F
【课题】Vehicle Identification Number
【教材版本】
高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.
【教学目标】
1．了解汽车识别码的基本知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
2．掌握汽车识别码的习惯表达方法。
3．能查阅与汽车识别码有关的英文资料。
【教学重点、难点】
教学重点：汽车识别码相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
教学难点：英语单词的构成(二)
【教学媒体及教学方法】
A. 语言功能意念训练
B. 围绕课文展开的讨论
C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第5章第2课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】
2课时（90分钟）
【教学建议】
导入、示例、多媒体
增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
教学中应交替使用教材、实物和动画。
【教学过程】
一、导入（5分钟）
二、新授（75分钟）
译前词语准备
identification 辨认, 鉴定, 证明, 视为同一manufacturer 制造业者, 厂商
imported vehicle 进口车
second-hand vehicle 二手车
National highway Traffic Safety Administration 国道行车安全管理部Maintenance Book 维修手册
译文及评析
A car’s vehicle identification number (VIN) is the identifying code for your SPECIFIC automobile. It is your car's fingerprint. It sets their vehicles apart from the millions of vehicles out there. The VIN is reflected by 17 digit characters. It displays a car’s uniqueness and manufacturer. Your VIN can be used to track recalls, registrations, warranty claims, thefts and insurance coverage.
一辆汽车的识别码是你特有的汽车的鉴别代码。它是你汽车的指纹。它使人们的汽车与数百万的汽车有了显而易见的分别。VIN码有17位。它显示了一辆汽车的唯一性和生产厂商。你的VIN码能用于追踪召回，注册登记，认领担保，被窃以及保险理赔。
评析：VIN是“汽车识别码”的特定缩写。世界上现在生产的汽车（包括中国）基本上都使用了这种识别码，并且在绝大多数内容上达成了统一表达方式，使其
在全世界都具备通用性；同时由于其内容中含有车辆生产序列号等，又使其具有全球唯一性。
In the mid 1950's American automobile manufacturers began stamping and casting identifying numbers on cars and their parts. The obvious purpose was to give an accurate description of the vehicle when mass production numbers were starting to climb in very significant numbers.
20世纪50年代中期美国汽车生产厂商开始在汽车和部件上冲压、铸造识别码。其显而易见的目的是当大规模生产量开始大幅攀升时，可以对车辆给予正确的描述。
评析：“The obvious purpose was……”此长句在翻译时注意：“to give ……”是动词不定式短语作宾语，“when”引导的则是本句中的时间状语。
In the early 1980's the National highway Traffic Safety Administration (U.S. Dept. of Transport) required that all road vehicles must contain a 17 character VIN. This established the fixed VIN system for major vehicle manufacturers. Thus, establishing a unique "DNA" style number for each unique vehicle which rolled off the assembly line.
在20世纪80年代早期，国道行车安全管理部（美国运输局）要求所有行驶车辆必须含有一个17位车辆识别码。这为主要的车辆生产厂商确立了固有的VIN 码系统。这样，就为每一辆从装配线上生产出来的独有的汽车确定了一个唯一的“DNA”式的编码。
评析：“road vehicle”意为在路上的车辆，即在用行驶车辆。“vehicle”不同于“Automobile”，它泛指交通工具、机动车辆。
A Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is a unique 17 character number. VINs are used in New Zealand, Australia, Europe, the United States and other countries. They’re the main way vehicles are identified for administrative purposes.New vehicles must have a VIN attache d before they’re sold, and it’s the manufacturer’s or importer’s responsibility to supply the numbers.
一个车辆识别码是一个独有的17位编码。VIN码被广泛使用于新西兰、澳大利亚、欧洲、美国和其它国家。它们是为管理而进行车辆识别的主要途径。新车在销售出去之前必须附有VIN码，提供这些代码这是生产厂商和进口商的责任。
评析：中国从20世纪90年代开始也使用了VIN码进行车辆识别，其中表示车辆
出产国的第一位编码是“L”，即中国；其它国家如美国是数字“1”；加拿大是“2”；德国是“W”。
Some imported second-hand vehicles have VINs already attached. As long as the number conforms with the approved standard (and is unique) it will be accepted as the required identification. When an imported vehicl e already has a VIN number, it’s the importer’s responsibility to give the sufficient information to decode it.
一些进口的二手车已经附有VIN码。只要这个码与认可标准一致（并且是唯一性的），它就可以作为必需的识别码被认可。当一辆进口车已经具备了VIN 码，进口商就有责任提供详尽的解释信息。
评析：“second-hand vehicles”，二手车。现在一些汽车4S销售店逐步发展为5S销售店，其中增加的一个“S”就是second-hand vehicles二手车的业务。
As the number of theft growing, manufacturer's put more and more VIN number stickers to many parts of the vehicle. With the new vehicle tracking system, police can track a stolen vehicle within hours, giving the thief no time to remove all the VIN number stickers that are in many places and hidden somewhere on the car parts.
随着盗窃数字的上升，生产商在汽车的很多部位安放了越来越多的VIN码标签。借助新型车辆跟踪系统，警察数小时之内就能跟踪到一辆被盗车辆，使小偷没有时间去除汽车零部件上很多部位和随处隐藏的VIN码标签。
评析：“……remove all the VIN number stickers that are in many places and hidden somewhere on the car parts.”此长句翻译时注意，that引导的两句并列句是stickers的定语从句。
The VIN number can be found by looking at the dashboard on the driver side of the vehicle. If the VIN cannot be found, open the driver side door and look at the door post. Common locations of the vehicle identification number (VIN) vary but the following are places to look:
·Firewall of the vehicle
·Radiator Support Bracket
·Dash by windshield
·Drivers door or post on passenger side
·Guarantee & Maintenance Book
·Machined Pad on front of engine
·Rear window of the vehicle
在车辆驾驶员侧的仪表板处可以找到VIN码。如果没找到，打开驾驶员侧的车门查看车门上的标记。
VIN码的一般位置各有不同，但是以下所列可供参考：
·车辆的发动机室内壁
·散热器支撑架
·挡风玻璃边的仪表板
·驾驶员车门和乘客侧的标记
·保证书和维修手册
·发动机前面的机座
·车辆后窗玻璃
评析：Firewall本意是防火墙，在汽车里指发动机室两侧的翼子板，有些车辆的VIN码就设置在其内壁。
Word study
have
vt. 有；得到，收到；从事，进行，做（动作）；吃，喝，吸（烟）；使.
例句与用法:
1. New vehicles must have a VIN attached before they’re sold.
新车在销售出去之前必须附有VIN码。
2. I had a present from my father.
我收到父亲送的一件礼物。
3. We’ll have a meeting Friday afternoon.
我们周五下午开会。
4. We have dinner at 19:00.
我们七点吃晚饭。
5. I must have my car repaired.
我得把我的车送去修理。
put
vt. 放，摆
vt. 表述，表达
vt. 翻译
vt. 提出
put on 穿戴
put out 熄灭
put up 建造
例句与用法:
1. As the number of theft growing, manufacturer's put more and more VIN number stickers to many parts of the vehicle.
随着盗窃数字的上升，生产商在汽车的很多部位安放了越来越多的VIN码标签。
2. Can you put it in English?
你能用英语表达吗？
3. I can put this sentence into Chinese.
我能把这句话翻译成中文。
4. May I put a few questions to you?
我可以向你提几个问题吗？
5. Put on your Sunday best.
穿上你最好的衣服。
6. The fireman put out the fire.
消防队员把火扑灭了。
7. They are putting up a new garage.
他们正在建造一个新的汽车修理厂。
Grammar: 英语单词的构成(二)
常见词尾的含义
-able; -ible 形容词词尾……的；能……的
-al; -ial 形容词词尾……的
-ful 形容词词尾充满……的
-less 形容词词尾没有……的
-tive 形容词词尾……的；容易……的
-ic; ical 形容词词尾
-er; -or 名词词尾……的人；工具；用品
-tion; -sion 名词词尾
-ness 名词词尾
-ment 名词词尾
-ity 名词词尾……性质；……性
三、课堂讨论及作业（10分钟）
Ⅰ.Answer the following questions in English（用英语回答问题）.
1、What use does your VIN have?
It can be used to track recalls, registrations, warranty claims, thefts and insurance coverage.
2、When does the National highway Traffic Safety Administration require that all
road vehicles must contain a VIN? How many characters does the VIN contain?
In the early 1980's.
The VIN contain 17 characters.
3、Who should supply the VIN for new vehicles?
The manufacturer or importer.
4、Why the thief can not steal and dispose a vehicle within hours?
The thief have no time to remove all the VIN number stickers that are in many places and hidden somewhere on the car parts.
5、Where can you find your car VIN number?
Firewall of the vehicle; Radiator Support Bracket; Dash by windshield; Drivers door or post on passenger side; Guarantee & Maintenance Book; Machined Pad on front of engine; Rear window of the vehicle.
Ⅱ. Translate following expressions into English（将下列词组译成英语）.
1、车辆识别码 vehicle identification number (VIN)
2、远离, 除...之外 apart from
3、进口车 imported vehicle
4、二手车 second-hand vehicle
5、美国运输局 U.S. Dept. of Transport
6、维修手册 Maintenance Book
Ⅲ. Translate following sentences into English（将下列句子译成英语）.
1、VIN码可以在制造过程中铭刻在发动机室内壁上。
The VIN can be stamped into the firewall during manufacture.
2、VIN码有一个国际性的识别编码，所以它们对所有车辆来说都是标准的。
There’s an internationally recognised code for VINs, so they’re standardized for all vehicles.
3、一辆汽车的识别码是你特有的汽车的鉴别代码。
A car’s vehicle identification number (VIN) is the identifying code for your SPECIFIC automobile.
4、新车在销售出去之前必须附有VIN码。
New vehicles must have a VIN attached before they’re sold.
Reading Material
·T or F.
1、From 1932 to 1983, Nissan also used the trademark Infiniti.
F
2、Toyota is Japan's first-largest car company, the second is Honda.
F
3、Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. was briefly called Nissan Heavy Industries Corp.
For two years (1947 to 1948).
T
4、Nissan never produce sports cars.
F
第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升，产生的能量驱动轴旋转，并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器（对应机械变速器）或液力变矩器（对应液力自动变速器）、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接，制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上，连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气：气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸，排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机，从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中，一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15
Chapter Five History of Automobile 【课题】How about Auto Racing 【教材版本】 高等教育出版社，中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 【教学目标】 1．了解赛车运动的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。 2．能了解汽车文化, 并能借助字典查阅英文资料。 【教学重点、难点】 教学重点：赛车常用术语的英文名称。 教学难点：加深对汽车文化的理解。 【教学媒体及教学方法】 A. 语言功能意念训练 B. 围绕课文展开的讨论 C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。 D. 使用教材第5章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。 【课时安排】 2课时（90分钟）
【教学建议】 通过图片、视频等素材，使学生掌握赛车术语的英文表达。 增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。 【教学过程】 一、导入（5分钟） Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1, and currently officially referred to as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). 二、新授（75分钟） 译前词语准备 pit stop （赛场中的）修理站，加油站FIA(Federation International Automobile) 国际汽车联盟 World Championship 世界锦标赛 译文及评析 Auto racing is a test of endurance for the vehicle and the driver. Cutting edge technology combined with exceptional skill in driving, backed up with an all-encompassing team spirit is probably the reason behind most of the successes in auto racing. Auto racing is a demanding, yet exhilarating sport. An auto racing team is made of five core elements: The ownership, The team manager, The driver, The support crew, The sponsors. 赛车对汽车和车手来说都是一场耐力测试。尖端科技与异乎寻常的技术在驾驶上的相互结合，有一个全方位团队精神的支持，这些也许就是在赛车中绝大多数成功者背后的原因。赛车是一项要求苛刻的、但令人爽快的运动。赛车队由五个核心部分：所有人、赛队经理人、车手、维护人员、赞助商。 评析： auto：汽车，是美国口语用法。句中“ownership”本意“物主”，这里指车队所有人，即车队老板。 Brief service breaks during auto racing are called pit stops. The
汽车专业英语大纲内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
《汽车专业英语》课程标准 学时/学分： 32/2 课程类型：理论课程（A类） 适用专业：汽车电子技术专业 课程所属系部：汽车工程系 批准日期：2014年5月 一、制定依据与课程定位 （一）制定依据 本课程标准是依据汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、需要制定。 （二）课程定位 《汽车专业英语》这门课程是汽车专业的一门专业选修课程，旨在使学生掌握汽车专业常用的英语词汇。 通过本课程的学习，培养学生在汽车专业领域具有的一定的英语阅读能力和翻译能力，以便学生更好的直接从外文资料中获取新的知识和信息。 二、课程教学目标 《汽车专业英语》是三年制高职汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、的专业选修课程。其任务是使学生一方面可以巩固已掌握的词汇和语法知识，另一方面扩大专业词汇量，提高学生对汽车专业英文文献的阅读能力。通过教学应使学生获得初步具备专业英语翻译能力和初步具备能够直接从外文资料中获取信息的能力。 （一）知识目标 1、掌握专业英语中的基本词汇和专有名词； 2、掌握专业英语中常用的语法和句型结构； 3、可以阅读有一定词汇量的专业英语文献。 （二）能力目标 通过对《汽车专业英语》的教学，力求向学生提供未来工作岗位所需要专业英语知识，培养学生在实际工作岗位上运用汽车专业英语的能力。
1、阐述“专业阅读”，内容力求反应汽车专业方面的最新知识，文章能展示 当今汽车专业方面的最新技术，同时书中附带一些真实的现场照片。 2、阐述“专业术语”，帮助学生了解汽车各零部件的功能及应用，是学生进 入企业后应用较多的内容。 3、阐述“试试您的动手能力”，以汽车故障诊断为主，列举大量贴近企业工 作实际的实例。 4、阐述“交际会话”，选用贴近实际，贴近企业，贴近岗位的常用专业英语 会话。 （三）素质目标 通过教学应使学生认识《汽车专业英语》学习的基本方法， 1、具备通过查阅资料等方法，通过自学获取知识和新技术的能力； 2、通过不同形式的探究活动、自主学习，体验科技发现和创造的历程，发展 抽象思维和辨证逻辑思维。 3、养成严谨求实的科学态度以及质疑和独立思考的学习习惯。 4、使学生具备正确的价值观与评定事物的能力，具备一定的英文语言表达能 力以及与人交往沟通的能力。 5、培养学生爱岗敬业、团结协作、吃苦耐劳的职业精神与创新设计的意识。? 三、课程内容设计 （一）学时分配
四川科华高级技工学校一体化活页教材 《汽车专业英语》 教师姓名：白虎成 系部/专业：智能制造系
目录 第一单元 课题一：Development of the automobile(汽车发展史) 任务一：Development of the automobile(汽车发展史) 第二单元 课题一:Basic structure and working principle of engine(发动机基本结构与工作原理) 任务一：Operation Principle of Engine（发动机基本工作原理） 任务二:The General Structure of an Engine（发动机总体构造） 课题二：Automoblie basic(汽车基础知识) 任务一： The body(汽车车身) 任务二：The chassis(汽车底盘)
《汽车专业英语》课程简介 《汽车专业英语》是汽车相关专业的一门专业课程。本教材和教案的编写目的是帮助学生掌握一定数量的汽车专业英语常用词汇、专业术语,能够基本正确地阅读和理解汽车的维修、保养等英文资料,培养学生的职业岗位能力。因为随着汽车工业的快速发展、汽车的普及，大量进口车涌入我国市场，大部分汽车使用说明书、维修手册、仪表板显示、传感器和主要的零部件等都是用英文表达和标注的,汽车维修站的一些技术支持材料也是英文的，所以，作为汽车专业的学生、汽车行业相关从业人员具备基本的专业英语知识是非常必要的。 本教案根据中职学生的特点，教案内容由浅入深，实用性强，便于教学。本教案主要是以汽车发动机和底盘构造以及汽车新技术为主线，介绍汽车零部件及其使用、维修技术和汽车新技术，帮助汽车类专业的学生掌握汽车的结构原理、性能以及汽车美容、检测、保险等非常实用的汽车专业英语知识，并可供汽车行业相关从业人员和广大的汽车使用者参考使用。
汽车专业英语期末试卷 (100分） 一选择题（10分） 1 It does not only have economic effects but also provide C job opportunities A numerous B difficult to count C countless D a lot of 2 the electrical system contains battery light generator, engine ignition .lighting circuit, and various B that control their use A the socket B switches C the charger D battery 3 suspension is the term given to the system of springs . Shock absorbers and B that connects a vehicle to its wheels . A contact B linkages C meet D thing of 4 A solid axle designs utilize springs to soften their inherent harsh ride characteristics , they still bump along like a brick out house. A even though B even if C although D since
5 the frame A two straight pressed steel members, five cross members , the front axle , the rear axle and four wheels A consists of B be made up of C include D reason 二把下面的表达式转化为中文或英文（20分） 1 邮车 mail van 6 sedan 轿车 2 赛车 racing car 7 bumper 保险杠 3 救护车 ambulance 8 lamp 灯 4 越野车 off -road vehicles 9 tire 轮胎 5 洒水车 sprinkler 10 hood 发动机罩 三把下面的简写正确搭配（10分） FWD electrical suspension control system TD Four -wheel drive AT anti -lock brake system ABS turbo diesel ESCS automatic transmission 四写出下面单词的全称及意思 (10分） 1 SUV 运动型多功能用车 sports utility vehicle
About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中，汽车发动机是最复杂的组件，其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上，按动力来源分发动机有很多种，如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样，内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧，通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的（往复）直线运动。然而这种（往复）直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接，这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐，从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承，称之为连杆轴承，类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体，称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统：水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体，称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套，节温器，水泵，散热器，散热器罩，风扇，风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off
CHAPTER THREE CHASSIS 【课题】How Car Steering Works 【教材版本】 高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编. 【教学目标】 1．了解汽车转向系的构造，掌握有关英语词汇词组。 2．掌握汽车转向系相关术语的英语表达方法。 3．能查阅与汽车转向系知识有关的英文资料。 4．能借助字典翻译汽车转向系方面的文章。 【教学重点、难点】 教学重点：汽车转向系相关术语的英语表达方法。 教学难点：英汉互译的几种方法 【教学媒体及教学方法】 A. 语言功能意念训练 B. 围绕课文展开的讨论 C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。 D. 使用教材第3章第5课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】 2课时（90分钟） 【教学建议】 导入、示例、多媒体 增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。 教学中应交替使用教材、实物和动画。 【教学过程】 一、导入（5分钟） 转向系功用： 改变或恢复汽车行驶方向的专设机构。
二、新授（75分钟） 译前词语准备 steer 转向 circle圆 making a turn转弯 the center point of the turn转向中心 译文及评析 You might be surprised to learn that when you turn your car, your front wheels are not pointing in the same direction. 你可能会很惊奇地发现，当你驾车转弯时，你的两个前轮并不在同一方向上。评析：your front wheels are not pointing in the same direction. 直译为“你的前面轮子没有在相同的方向指出”。无法理解，因此将pointing理解为“在……上”。 For a car to turn smoothly, each wheel must follow a different circle. Since the inside wheel is following a circle with a smaller radius, it is actually making a tighter turn than the outside wheel. If you draw a line perpendicular to each wheel, the lines will intersect at the center point of the turn. The geometry of the steering linkage makes the inside wheel turn more than the outside wheel.
汽车专业英语大纲 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】
《汽车专业英语》课程标准 学时/学分： 32/2 课程类型：理论课程（A类） 适用专业：汽车电子技术专业 课程所属系部：汽车工程系 批准日期：2014年5月 一、制定依据与课程定位 （一）制定依据 本课程标准是依据汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、需要制定。 （二）课程定位 《汽车专业英语》这门课程是汽车专业的一门专业选修课程，旨在使学生掌握汽车专业常用的英语词汇。 通过本课程的学习，培养学生在汽车专业领域具有的一定的英语阅读能力和翻译能力，以便学生更好的直接从外文资料中获取新的知识和信息。 二、课程教学目标 《汽车专业英语》是三年制高职汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、的专业选修课程。其任务是使学生一方面可以巩固已掌握的词汇和语法知识，另一方面扩大专业词汇量，提高学生对汽车专业英文文献的阅读能力。通过教学应使学生获得初步具备专业英语翻译能力和初步具备能够直接从外文资料中获取信息的能力。 （一）知识目标 1、掌握专业英语中的基本词汇和专有名词； 2、掌握专业英语中常用的语法和句型结构； 3、可以阅读有一定词汇量的专业英语文献。 （二）能力目标 通过对《汽车专业英语》的教学，力求向学生提供未来工作岗位所需要专业英语知识，培养学生在实际工作岗位上运用汽车专业英语的能力。
1、阐述“专业阅读”，内容力求反应汽车专业方面的最新知识，文章能展示当今汽车专业方面的最新技术，同时书中附带一些真实的现场照片。 2、阐述“专业术语”，帮助学生了解汽车各零部件的功能及应用，是学生进入企业后应用较多的内容。 3、阐述“试试您的动手能力”，以汽车故障诊断为主，列举大量贴近企业工作实际的实例。 4、阐述“交际会话”，选用贴近实际，贴近企业，贴近岗位的常用专业英语会话。 （三）素质目标 通过教学应使学生认识《汽车专业英语》学习的基本方法， 1、具备通过查阅资料等方法，通过自学获取知识和新技术的能力； 2、通过不同形式的探究活动、自主学习，体验科技发现和创造的历程，发展抽象思维和辨证逻辑思维。 3、养成严谨求实的科学态度以及质疑和独立思考的学习习惯。 4、使学生具备正确的价值观与评定事物的能力，具备一定的英文语言表达能力以及与人交往沟通的能力。 5、培养学生爱岗敬业、团结协作、吃苦耐劳的职业精神与创新设计的意识。 三、课程内容设计 （一）学时分配
授课题目Chapter 6 Automotive Electrical and Electronic Systems ** Lead Acid Battery and Circuit protection devices ** Charging System ** Starting System ** Ignition Systems ** Lighting System ** power window system ** Supplemental Restraint Systems 授课类型理论课 首次授课时间2017年5月5日学时 2 教学目标1.掌握电源、充电、起动、点火、照明、电动车窗系统英文术语 2.掌握点火系统原理和分类 3.了解各个系统的主要功能 重点与难点1.重点：点火系统组成、类型、原理；其他系统的电学英文专业术语 2.难点：需要记忆的部件名称过多 教学手段与方法讲授 教学过程（包括授课思路、过程设计、讲解要点及各部分具体内容、时间分配 等） 授课思路 从现代汽车各种性能的提升均离不开电控和电气系统这一现实代入新课。从电源、发动机电气到底盘车身电气电子系统，从生词、词汇到课文，学生翻译与教师讲解相结合，有简略介绍，有重点介绍。 复习提问（5min） 提问：制动系统组成；ABS分类、组成、控制原理
讲授新课 Chapter 5 Braking Systems 一、学习6.1 Lead Acid Battery and Circuit protection devices （10 min） 词汇由学生领读，教师辅助校正，全体同学跟读 课文由学生翻译，教师分析难点 二、学习6.2 Charging System 和6.3 Starting System（10 min） 简略学习 方法：教师读译+疑难分析 三、学习6.4 Ignition Systems （25 min） 学生试译课文部分 ——————————（课间休息）—————————— 四、学习6.5 Lighting System和6.6 power window system （10 min）五、学习6.7 Supplemental Restraint Systems （15min） 五、学生练习（20 min）朗读记忆课文中黑体字专业词汇
Fuel Supply System of Gasoline Engine(UNIT SEVEN) All the gasoline engines have substantially identical fuel systems and run on a mixture consisting of fuel vapor and air. The fuel system comprises the units designed to store, clear and deliver fuel, the units intended to clean air and a unit for preparing a mixture from fuel vapor and air. In a fuel system different components are used to supply fuel from the fuel tank into the engine cylinder. Some of the important components are fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, carburetor, intake manifold and fuellines or tubes connecting the tank, pump and the carburetor. The fuel tank is a fuel container used for storing fuel. It is made of sheet metal. It is attached to the vehicle frame with metal traps and is located at the rear of the vehicle. They are mounted in a boot or boot-floor pan in case of front-engined cars and small commercial vehicles. In order to strengthen the tank as well as to prevent surging of fuel when the vehicle rounds a curve of suddenly stops, baffle plates are attached to the inside of the tank. A cap is used to close the filler opening of the tank. The fuel line is attached at or near the bottom of the tank with a filtering element placed at the connection. The other components of the fuel tank are the fuel gauge sending unit, a vent pipe, receiving unit. To prevent the dirt and water from entering the luggage compartment, a sealing strip is fitted between the fuel tank and boot floor pan. Moreover to limit the transmission of frame distortion to the tank giving rise to squeaking as the metal parts get rubbed together, rubber or felt pads are often fitted between the mountings and the tank. Provision is also made against drumming of the tank by these mountings. The tank may be placed at the side of the chassis frame for convenience in case of large commercial vehicles. The length of the connecting lines or tubes from the tank to the carburetor is also restricted by this at the same time. A porous filter is attached to the outlet lines. By drawing fuel from the tank through the filter, any water in the bottom of the tank as well as any dirt into the fuel gathers on the surface of the filter. To keep the fuel always under atmospheric pressure, the filter pipe or tank is vented. In order to prevent dirt in the fuel from entering the fuel pump or carburetor, fuel filters and screens are used in the fuel system. If the dirt is not removed from the fuel, the normal operation of these units will be prevented. The engine performance will also be reduced.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 引擎燃烧室 1. principle of operation 原理 Engine and power : Engine is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. If engine combustion occurs with the power chamber. ,the engine is called internal combustion engine. If combustion takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine. Engine used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power. 译: 引擎和能量: 引擎为汽车提供能量，燃料的化学能通过燃烧，转化为热能，这个过程叫燃烧。假如燃烧在燃烧室，这样的发动机叫内燃机。假如燃烧在气缸外，这样的发动机叫外燃机。 用在汽车上的一般是内燃机，热能在燃烧室释放，燃烧室气体温度升高。气体温度的升高使气体的压力曾加，燃烧室内的高压气体作用在活塞头部产生可以利用的化学能，化学能转化为机械能。 Engine T erms : Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke “uses up” the gas , so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture :this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves ;an inlet valve allows the new mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job. Engine terms are : TDC(Top Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft. BDC(Bottom Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft. Stroke : the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft. Bore : the internal diameter of the cylinder. Swept volume : the volume between TDC and BDC Engine capacity : this is the swept volume of all the cylinder e.g. a four-stroke having a capacity of two liters(2000cm) has a cylinder swept volume of 50cm. Clearance volume: the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. Compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)\(clearance vol) Two-stroke : a power stroke every revolution of the crank.