高中各年级课件教案习题汇总语文数学英语物理化学
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原理：染色体变异
实例：矮杆抗病水稻的培育
例：在水稻中，高杆(D)对矮杆(d)是显性，抗病(R)对不抗病(r)是显性。现有纯合矮杆不抗病水稻ddrr和纯合高杆抗病水稻DDRR两个品种,要想得到能够稳定遗传的矮杆抗病水稻ddRR ，应该怎么做？
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优缺点：后代都是纯合子，明显缩短育种年限，但技术较复杂。附：育种方法小结
诱变育种杂交育种多倍体育种单倍体育种方法
用射线、激光、化学药品等处理生物
杂交
用秋水仙素处理萌发的种子或幼苗
花药(粉)离体培养
原理
基因突变基因重组染色体变异染色体变异优缺点
加速育种进程，
大幅度地改良某些性状，但有利变异个体少。
方法简便，但
要较长年限选择才可获得纯合子。器官较大，营养
物质含量高，但结实率低，成熟迟。后代都是纯合子，
明显缩短育种年限，但
技术较复杂。
第五节人类遗传病
一、人类遗传病与先天性疾病区别： 遗传病：由遗传物质改变引起的疾病。（可以生来就有，也可以后天发生）
先天性疾病：生来就有的疾病。（不一定是遗传病）
二、人类遗传病产生的原因：人类遗传病是由于遗传物质的改变而引起的人类疾病三、人类遗传病类型（一）单基因遗传病
1、概念：由一对等位基因控制的遗传病。
2、原因：人类遗传病是由于遗传物质的改变而引起的人类疾病
3、特点：呈家族遗传、发病率高（我国约有20%--25%）
4、类型：
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显性遗传病伴Ｘ显：抗维生素Ｄ佝偻病
常显：多指、并指、软骨发育不全
隐性遗传病伴Ｘ隐：色盲、血友病
常隐：先天性聋哑、白化病、镰刀型细胞贫血症、黑尿症、苯丙酮尿症（二）多基因遗传病
1、概念：由多对等位基因控制的人类遗传病。
2、常见类型：腭裂、无脑儿、原发性高血压、青少年型糖尿病等。（三）染色体异常遗传病（简称染色体病）
1、概念：染色体异常引起的遗传病。(包括数目异常和结构异常）
2、类型：
常染色体遗传病结构异常：猫叫综合征
数目异常：21三体综合征（先天智力障碍）
性染色体遗传病：性腺发育不全综合征（XO型，患者缺少一条 X染色体）四、遗传病的监测和预防
1、产前诊断：胎儿出生前，医生用专门的检测手段确定胎儿是否患某种遗传病或先天性疾病，产前诊断可以大大降低病儿的出生率
2、遗传咨询：在一定的程度上能够有效的预防遗传病的产生和发展五、实验：调查人群中的遗传病注意事项：
1、调查遗传方式——在家系中进行
2、调查遗传病发病率——在广大人群随机抽样注：调查群体越大，数据越准确
六、人类基因组计划：是测定人类基因组的全部DNA序列，解读其中包含的遗传信息。需要测定22+XY共24条染色体
第6章从杂交育种到基因工程第一节杂交育种与诱变育种
一、各种育种方法的比较：
杂交育种诱变育种多倍体育种
单倍体育种处理杂交→自交→选优→自交
用射线、激光、化学药物处理
用秋水仙素处理
萌发后的种子或幼苗花药离体培养原理基因重组，组合优良性状人工诱发基因突变破坏纺锤体的形成，使染色体数目加倍诱导花粉直接发育，再用秋水仙素优缺点方法简单，可预见强，但周期长加速育种，改良性状，但有利个体不多，需大量处理
器官大，营养物质
含量高，但发育延迟，结实率低缩短育种年限，
但方法复杂，成活率较低
例子水稻的育种
高产量青霉素菌株无子西瓜
抗病植株的育成
第二节基因工程及其应用
一、基因工程
1、概念：基因工程又叫基因拼接技术或DNA重组技术。通俗的说，就是按照人们意愿，
把一种生物的某种基因提取出来，加以修饰改造，然后放到另一种生物的细胞里，定向地改造生物的遗传性状。
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2、原理：基因重组
3、结果：定向地改造生物的遗传性状，获得人类所需要的品种。
二、基因工程的工具
1、基因的“剪刀”—限制性核酸内切酶（简称限制酶）
（1）特点：具有专一性和特异性，即识别特定核苷酸序列，切割特定切点。
（2）作用部位：磷酸二酯键
（4）例子：EcoRI限制酶能专一识别GAATTC序列，并在G和A之间将这段序列切开。
（黏性末端）（黏性末端）
（5）切割结果：产生2个带有黏性末端的DNA片断。
（6）作用：基因工程中重要的切割工具，能将外来的DNA切断，对自己的DNA无损害。注：黏性末端即指被限制酶切割后露出的碱基能互补配对。
2、基因的“针线”——DNA连接酶
（1）作用：将互补配对的两个黏性末端连接起来，使之成为一个完整的DNA分子。（2）连接部位：磷酸二酯键 3、基因的运载体
（1）定义：能将外源基因送入细胞的工具就是运载体。（2）种类：质粒、噬菌体和动植物病毒。三、基因工程的操作步骤 1、提取目的基因
2、目的基因与运载体结合
3、将目的基因导入受体细胞
4、目的基因的检测和鉴定四、基因工程的应用
1、基因工程与作物育种：转基因抗虫棉、耐贮存番茄、耐盐碱棉花、抗除草作物、转基因奶牛、超级绵羊等等
2、基因工程与药物研制：干扰素、白细胞介素、溶血栓剂、凝血因子、疫苗
3、基因工程与环境保护：超级细菌五、转基因生物和转基因食品的安全性
两种观点是：1、转基因生物和转基因食品不安全，要严格控制
2、转基因生物和转基因食品是安全的，应该大范围推广。
第六章生物的进化第一节生物进化理论的发展
一、拉马克的进化学说
1、理论要点：用进废退；获得性遗传
2、进步性：认为生物是进化的。二、达尔文的自然选择学说
1、理论要点：自然选择（过度繁殖→生存斗争→遗传和变异→适者生存）
2、进步性：能够科学地解释生物进化的原因以及生物的多样性和适应性。
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3、局限性：
①不能科学地解释遗传和变异的本质；
②自然选择对可遗传的变异如何起作用不能作出科学的解释。（对生物进化的解释仅局限于个体水平）三、现代达尔文主义
（一）种群是生物进化的基本单位（生物进化的实质：种群基因频率的改变） 1、种群：概念：在一定时间内占据一定空间的同种生物的所有个体称为种群。特点：不仅是生物繁殖的基本单位；而且是生物进化的基本单位。
2、种群基因库：一个种群的全部个体所含有的全部基因构成了该种群的基因库
3、基因（型）频率的计算：①按定义计算：
例1：从某个群体中随机抽取100个个体，测知基因型为AA、Aa、aa的个体分别是30、60和10个，则：
基因型AA的频率为______；基因型Aa的频率为 ______；基因型 aa的频率为 ______。基因A的频率为______；
基因a的频率为 ______。
答案：30% 60% 10% 60% 40%
②某个等位基因的频率 = 它的纯合子的频率 + ?杂合子频率
例：某个群体中，基因型为AA的个体占30%、基因型为Aa的个体占60% 、基因型为aa的个体占10% ，则：基因A的频率为______，基因a的频率为 ______
答案： 60% 40%
（二）突变和基因重组产生生物进化的原材料
（三）自然选择决定进化方向：在自然选择的作用下，种群的基因频率会发生定向改变，导致生物朝着一定的方向不断进化。
（四）突变和基因重组、选择和隔离是物种形成机制
1、物种：指分布在一定的自然地域，具有一定的形态结构和生理功能特征，而且自然状态下能相互交配并能生殖出可育后代的一群生物个体。
2、隔离：地理隔离：同一种生物由于地理上的障碍而分成不同的种群，使得种群间不能发生基因交流的现象。
生殖隔离：指不同种群的个体不能自由交配或交配后产生不可育的后代。 3、物种的形成：⑴物种形成的常见方式：地理隔离（长期）→生殖隔离⑵物种形成的标志：生殖隔离⑶物种形成的3个环节：
突变和基因重组：为生物进化提供原材料 选择：使种群的基因频率定向改变
隔离：是新物种形成的必要条件
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第二节生物进化和生物多样性
一、生物进化的基本历程
1、地球上的生物是从单细胞到多细胞，从简单到复杂，从水生到陆生，从低级到高级逐渐进化而来的。
2、真核细胞出现后，出现了有丝分裂和减数分裂，从而出现了有性生殖，使由于基因重组产生的变异量大大增加，所以生物进化的速度大大加快。二、生物进化与生物多样性的形成
1、生物多样性与生物进化的关系是：生物多样性产生的原因是生物不断进化的结果；而生物多样性的产生又加速了生物的进化。
2、生物多样性包括：遗传（基因）多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性三个层次。
BET公式BET formula DLVO理论DLVO theory HLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance method pVT性质pVT property ζ电势zeta potential 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number 阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law 阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory 阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation 阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy 阿马格定律Amagat law 艾林方程Erying equation 爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence 爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation 安托万常数Antoine constant 安托万方程Antoine equation 盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance 半电池half cell 半衰期half time period 饱和液体saturated liquids 饱和蒸气saturated vapor 饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption 饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure 爆炸界限explosion limits 比表面功specific surface work 比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function 比浓粘度reduced viscosity 标准电动势standard electromotive force 标准电极电势standard electrode potential 标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy 标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction 标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy 标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function 标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy 标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy 标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy 标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function 标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant 标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode 标准态standard state 标准熵standard entropy 标准压力standard pressure 标准状况standard condition 表观活化能apparent activation energy 表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight 表观迁移数apparent transference number 表面surfaces 表面过程控制surface process control 表面活性剂surfactants 表面吸附量surface excess 表面张力surface tension 表面质量作用定律surface mass action law 波义尔定律Boyle law 波义尔温度Boyle temperature 波义尔点Boyle point 玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant 玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution 玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula 玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem 玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics 泊Poise 不可逆过程irreversible process 不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change 布朗运动brownian movement 查理定律Charle’s law 产率yield
Writing How to write an English diary Teaching aims: a) How to write an English diary. b) The form of English diaries. c) To improve the students’ writing ability. Important points: The skills of English writing. Difficult points: How to make every sentence appropriate and precise. Teaching procedure: Step I.Leading-in After exchanging greetings, talk about writing diaries and the advantages of writing in English.（As we know, most of the students, especially the girls, like writing diaries. But few of you write in English, which is a good way to improve your writing and speaking. So why not write English diaries? Today our topic is how to write English diaries.） Step II. Discussion First, give the students about three minutes to check their
复习《物理化学》过程中，顺便整理了专业名词的翻译，大家凑合着，依我看，简单的会考汉译英，复杂的会考英译汉。不管怎么样，中文英文背过最好。如果有错误，赶紧的，说。1多相系统heterogeneous system 2自由度degree of freedom 3相律phase rule 4独立组分数number of independent component 5凝聚系统condensed system 6三相点triple point 7超临界流体supercritical fluid 8超临界流体萃取supercritical fluid extraction 9超临界流体色谱supercritical fluid chromatography 10泡点bubbling point 11露点dew point 12杠杆规则level rule 13连结线tie line 14部分蒸馏（分馏）fractional distillation 15缔合分子associated molecule 16最低恒沸点minimum azeotropic point 17最低恒沸混合物low-boiling azeotrope 18无水乙醇(绝对乙醇) absolute ethyl alcohol 19最高恒沸点maximum azeotropic point 20会溶点consolute point 21共轭层conjugate layer 22烟碱nicotine 23蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation 24步冷曲线cooling curve 25热分析法thermal analysis 26低共熔点eutectic point 27低共熔混合物eutectic mixture 28异成分熔点incongruent melting point 29转熔温度peritectic tempreture 30固溶体solid solution 31退火annealing 32淬火quenching 33区域熔炼zone melting 34分凝系数fractional coagulation coefficient 35褶点plait point 36等温会溶点isothermal consolute point 37双节点溶解度曲线binodal solubility cueve 38一（二）级相变first(second) order phase transition 39超流体super fluid 40顺磁体paramagnetic substance
公开课教案 Xxx Model 1 How Good Are Your Social Skills? Lear ning Aims: 1. Learn some words related to social manners. 2. Get a gen eral un dersta nding of social skills using differe nt readi ng strategies 3. Be able to summarize some basic social skills mentioned in the passage and thus improve their own social techniques Step 1 lead-in What kind of book is it from? A. a bus in ess course
B. a how-to book teach ing social skills Step 2 while- readi ng Skip to get the main idea of each paragraph. Lear n how to do small talk Develop your liste ning skill. Lear n the rules. The gen eral idea is _____ . A. social skills B. liste ning skills C. talk skills D. social rules Step 3 read the passage carefully to get some detailed in formati on. 1. We will not be shy if we have good ____________ . 2. Accord ing to paragraph land 2 ,We should ______ . A. avoid talk ing to some one whom you know B. lack the con fide nce to talk to a stra nger C. talk con fide ntly to a stra nger 3. Communication is a __________ process」t invoIves _______ and ________ . Step 4post- readi ng
A teaching design Teacher Hongli Dong Analysis on Learners Senior high students are eager to learn something knowledgeable and interesting. They have their own opinions and attitudes. They're not content with the limited knowledge obtained from the textbooks. Their abstract thinking and cognitive capability have developed a lot. So I must try my best to help them keep up their passion, develop the feeling of success and build up good values. Analysi s On the Teachin g Materia l Teaching Content The content of my lesson is a reading material, through the learning of which, I ’ll enable students to know more about Jackie Chan, his life career and the qualities that lead to his success. At the same time, make Ss aware of the question-and-answer format in an interview and learn how to conclude a question from the answer. Teaching Aims Knowledge (1)The Ss can learn question-and-answer format in an interview. (2) The Ss can understand the content of the lesson, talk about Jackie Chan ’s life career and form their own opinion about success. A bilities (1) To develop the Ss ’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing (2) To improve Ss' reading abilities, especially their skimming and scanning abilities. (3) To train the Ss ’ abilities of studying by themselves and through cooperating. Emotion Learn from Jackie Chan and understand the way to success is not smooth. Put the moral education in the process of study. Importan t Points What qualities are required to be successful? Difficul t Points Help students to conclude the questions of interviewers according to Jackie Chan ’s answers. Teaching Methods 1. Communicative Approach 2. Task-based Language Teaching 3. Total Situational Action Teaching Aids A computer and a multi-media courseware. Teaching Procedures Students ’ Activities Purpose Step 1 Lead in (3 min) Greeting. T: Hello, everyone! Do you have an idol? Ss: yes. Arouse students' interest and
Chemistry Summer Holidays Homework for Future Freshmen of High school Class: __________________________ Chinese Name:______________________ English Name:______________________ Beijing#80 High School International Department
Introduction to Chemistry 化学入门 Definition:Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany there processes. (化学的定义：化学是研究物质的组成，结构，性质，物质发生的变化，以及变化过程中涉及的能量变化。) Branches of Chemistry: Organic Chemistry；Inorganic Chemistry；Physical Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry; Biochemistry; Theoretical chemistry (化学的分支：有机化学；无机化学；物理化学；分析化学；生物化学；理论化学)
Day 1 【Task】Please put the Chinese name into the suitable chapter. Vocabulary about chapter name. 章节名称词汇 （----What may we study about chemistry in the first year? 高一可能涉及哪些化学知识？） 物质和变化；原子：构建物质的基本单元；酸和碱；氧化还原反应；气体； 化学键；原子中的电子排布；称量和计算；有机化学；反应能量；元素周期律；化学方程式和化学反应；化学平衡；化学反应动力学；化学计量学； 化学式和化学物质；物质的状态；生物化学；电化学；滴定与pH值； 水溶液中离子和稀溶液的依数性；溶液； Chapter 1 Matter and Change ( ) Chapter 2 Measurement and Calculation ( ) Chapter 3 Atom-Building Block of Matter ( ) Chapter 4 Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms( ) Chapter 5 The periodic Law ( ) Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding ( ) Chapter 7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds ( ) Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and Reactions ( ) Chapter 9 Stoichiometry ( ) Chapter 10 States of Matter ( ) Chapter 11 Gas ( ) Chapter 12 Solution ( ) Chapter 13 ions in Aqueous Solution and colligative Properties ( ) Chapter 14 Acid and Base ( ) Chapter 15 Acid-Base Titration and pH ( ) Chapter 16 Reaction Energy ( ) Chapter 17 Reaction Kinetics ( ) Chapter 18 Chemical Equilibrium ( ) Chapter 19 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions ( ) Chapter 20 Electrochemistry ( ) Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry ( ) Chapter 23 Biology Chemistry ( )
阅读原文题目：An interview with Jackie Chan 高中英语阅读课公开课原文
persons’ pictures mentioned) Ss: he/she is .... T:What qualities of your idol attract you most (I will pick up three students to answer this question) T: do you want to know who my idol is Ss:no T:have a guess .(then I will show them a picture of Jackie Chan’s profile ) 》 Ss: he is Jackie chan. T: Ok, today, I will introduce my idol—Jackie Chan to all of you. First let us enjoy a video about Jackie Chan’s life. Then I will play a video about Jackie chan. 《 $ Step 2. Pre-reading (8 min)Task1. A small quiz (individual work,3 min) T: let’s check the following sentence using true or false .and I will pick up some students to say his or her answer and tell me why it is wrong or correct. # Ss:ok. 1. Get Ss to know something about Jackie Chan. 】 2. Serve as a warm-up for the following tasks.
Introduce a Place From Module2 Unit4 Communication Workshop I. Teaching aims At the end of this lesson, students will 1.be very interested in writing an article to introduce a place. 2.be able to use suitable person, tense, layout, sentence structures and linking words to introduce a place . 3.be proud of our capital Beijing and our hometown Jiaozuo and love them. II. Teaching key points and difficult points 1. Teacher leads students to understand and master the layout, sentence structures and linking words effectively. 2. Teacher leads students to master the way to use advanced and various sentence structures. III. Teaching and learning methods Process-focused writing approach, Group work, Cooperative learning. IV. Teaching procedure 1.Teacher arouses students’ interests by showing some photos of some famous cities in the world, and singing the song, “Welcome to Beijing”. 2.Teacher shows the sample article of Beijing to students. This article serves as language input before writing. 3. Teacher asks students questions to lead them to understand and master the layout, sentence structures and linking words effectively. e.g. “How many paragraph s are there in the article?” Answer: (1. Introduction. 2. Things to see. 3. Things to do. 4. Ending words.) “What factors are in cluded in the first paragraph?” Answer: (General description, Location, Area, Population, History, Climate and Temperature.). “Can you find and circle the beautiful and advanced sentences in the article?”Answer: (Location : 1. …is located in … 2. …lies in…. Area: 1. …covers an area of…2. ...is the second/ third/https://www.doczj.com/doc/0a12549664.html,rgest city in the world as regards area. etc.)
法学 Law Study 英语 English 日语 Japanese 信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science 应用物理学 Applied Physics 冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering 金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering 无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials 材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering 高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering 工业设计 Industrial Disign 建筑学 Architecture 城市规划 City Planning 艺术设计 Artistical Disign 包装工程 Packaging Engineering 机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation 热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering 水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering 测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements 电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation 自动化 Automation 通信工程 Communication Engineering 电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology 土木工程 Civil Engineering
化学课程英文名称对照表 磁共振实验Magnetic Resonance Experiment 磁共振在化学和生命科学中应用Application of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Life Science 核磁共振波谱学Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 核磁共振新技术及其应用Movdern Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Application 角动量理论与原子结构Angular Momentum Theory & Atomic Structure 聚合物改性原理与流变学The Principle of Modification and Theology of Polymer 量子化学Quantum Chemistry 量子化学计算方法Quantum Chemistry B 谱学原理和应用Principles of Spectroscopes and Their Chemical Applications 群论及其在量子化学中的应用Group Theory and Its Application to Quantum Chemistry 材料化学导论Introduction of Material Chemistry 分析化学Analytical Chemistry 高等无机化学Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
高等有机化学Advanced Organic Chemistry 结构化学Structural Chemistry 结构化学Structural Chemistry 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry 无机及分析化学Inorganic and Analytic Chemistry 无机及分析化学Inorganic and Analytic Chemistry 物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理化学Physical Chemistry 仪器分析Instrumental Analysis 仪器分析Instrumental Analysis 仪器分析Instrumental Analysis 有机化学Organic Chemistry 有机化学Organic Chemistry 有机化学Organic Chemistry 有机化学Organic Chemistry 量子无机化学Quantum Inorganic Chemistry 量子有机化学Quantum Organic Chemistry 植物生长与发育的化学调整Chemical Adjustment of Plant's Growth
Physical Chemistry equation of state 状态方程 idea /perfect gas 理想气体 kinetic theory of gases 气体分子动理论 model fitting模型拟合 root mean square rate 根均方速率 zeroth law of thermodynamics 热力学第零定律 translational energy 平动能 phase diagram 相图 isotherm等温线 isobar 等压线 distribution function 分布函数 most probable rate 最概然速率 mathematical average rate 数学平均速率 fluctuation 涨落现象 free path 自由程 mean free path 平均自由程 reduced mass 折合质量 effusion 隙流 law of effusion 隙流定律 compressibility factor（Z）压缩因子 Boyle temperature Boyle温度 Internal pressure 内压力 Virial coefficient 维利系数 Critical temperature 临界温度 Critical point临界点 Wilson cloud chamber 威尔逊云雾室 reduced pressure、volume、temperature对比压力，体积，温度corresponding state 对比状态 law of corresponding state对比状态定律 compressibility factor chart压缩因子图 potential energy 位能 chemical thermodynamics化学热力学 classicial thermodynamics 经典热力学 phenomenological themodynamics 唯象热力学 isolated system 隔离系统 closed system 封闭系统 open system 敞开系统
Book6 Module3 Interpersonal relationship—— Friendship 高中英语写作课教案 Teaching Aims 1.To get the students to appreciating remarks on friendship or friends. 2.To enable the students to write a short story about friends or friendships. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Discussion Now, I found 500 pounds in Roy’s pocket. Did Roy steal the money from the charity? Someone says ‘yes’, someone says ‘no’. If Roy did steal the money from the charity, shall I tell the teacher or call the police? If Roy didn’t steal the money, what should I do? Discuss it in groups of four . Collect answers from students. Draw a conclusion; whether Roy stole the money or not, we help him all the same. Because we’re friends. Friends are the ones we can get help from and we can trust. In this unit, we have talked a lot about friends and friendship, knowing the importance of friends. And what do you think of a friend or friendship?
物理化学专业英语 电泳electrophoresis 丁达尔效应Dyndall effect 定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume 定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer 定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计constant pressure thermometer 定域子系统localized particle system 动力学方程kinetic equations 动力学控制kinetics control 独立子系统independent particle system 对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume 对比体积reduced volume 对比温度reduced temperature 对比压力reduced pressure 对称数symmetry number 对行反应reversible reactions 对应状态原理principle of corresponding state 多方过程polytropic process 多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction
二级相变second order phase change 法拉第常数faraday constant 法拉第定律Faraday’s law 反电动势back E.M.F. 反渗透reverse osmosis 反应分子数molecularity 反应级数reaction orders 反应进度extent of reaction 反应热heat of reaction 反应速率rate of reaction 反应速率常数constant of reaction rate 范德华常数van der Waals constant 范德华方程van der Waals equation 范德华力van der Waals force 范德华气体van der Waals gases 范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation 范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule 范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions 非体积功non-volume work 非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first l aw of diffusion
高中英语语法之构词法 一.概念 语言学家把这种专门研究词形变化现象和规则的学问称为词形学(Morphology),通常简称为构词法(Word Formation)。英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法. 二.相关知识点精讲 1.转化法 英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词 很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如： ①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 2)名词转化为动词 很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如： ①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如： We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 5)形容词转化为名词 表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如： You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。 The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 2.派生法 在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 1)前缀 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如：appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的lead带领→mislead领错stop停下→non-stop不停 (2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如：alone单独的antigas防毒气的autochart自动图表cooperate合作enjoy使高兴
习题课教案 教学目的： 通过做习题，进一步巩固本单元所学内容，具体为对本单元的新单词，句型和语法的掌握重点难点： 有关语法的练习题 教学内容： 1，有关单词的练习题，首先由学生自己做题，再由学生回答自己的答案，从中发现学生掌握不熟的单词，加强练习 2，有关句型的练习，联系课文所作的练习题，可以检查学生对本单元课文的理解层度 3，有关语法知识的练习题，巩固本单元的语法知识，这里是本节课的重点 作业：预习下单元的新单词 Teaching objectives: Through doing some exercises, ask students to strengthen what they have learned in this unit, including some new words, sentence patterns, grammar and some language points. Important and difficult points: Some grammar exercises Teaching contents: 1.some exercises about words First, let students do some exercises by themselves. Second, ask students to answer their own answers. Third, teacher helps to analyze the wrong exercises that they have done wrong and instructs them to correct the wrong exercises. Finally, take more exercises to strengthen their unfamiliar words. 2.some exercises about sentence patterns Teacher can underline some important sentence patterns in their reading passage, and ask students to recite them. Then, let students do