最新高考英语高中英语阅读理解(社会文化)解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含
答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
A music festival is a community event focusingon live performances of singing and instrument playing that is often presentedwith a theme. On the list are the music festivals for fans around the world.Find your favorite now!
Field Day
January 1, 2018. Sydney
Field Pay means New Year's Day for young peoplein Sydney. Seen as the city's original multi－stage party,, it's a gathering of friends comingtogether for a great fun - filled first day of the year. There's an air of hopeand positive energy on a perfect summer's day.
The Envision Festival
February 22 – 25, 2018, Uvita
The Envision Festival is an annual gathering inCosta Rica that aims to provide an opportunityfor different cultures to work with one another to create a better community.The festival encourages people to practice art, music, dance performances, andeducation. Meanwhile, our connection with nature is expected to bestrengthened.
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival
March 2 - 4, 2018, Phoenix
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival is Phoenix、musicalcelera ,on of community culture. Since its founding in 2004 f it is the only100% non – profit music festival designed to support, entertain and educate thecommunity. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year from aroundthe country, and it is an opportunity to experience true culture.
The Old Settler's Music Festival
April 19 - 22, 2018, Dale
The Old Settler's Music Festival is a nationallyknown music festival for American music. The festival is held in the country ofTexas at the height of the wild flower season. The Old Settler's Music Festivaloffers great music and activities for the whole family.
（1）In which city can people enjoy a fun New Year's Day?
A. Phoenix
B. Uvita.
C. Sydney
D. Dale
（2）What is special about the McDowell Mountain Music Festival?
A. It encourages people to receive education.
B. It is not aimed at making money.
C. It provides an opportunity for friend gathering.
D. It focuses on cultural exchanges.
（3）Which festivals are connected with nature?
A. Field Day and the Envision Festival.
B. The Envision Festival and the McDowell Mountain Music Festival.
C. The Old Settler's Music Festival and the McDowll McDowell Mountain Music Festival.
D. The Envision Festival and the Old Settler's Music Festival.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地的四个受欢迎的音乐节：讲述了节日举行的时间和节日特色。
（1）考查细节理解。根据Field Day部分中的“Field Pay means New Year's Day for young people in Sydney.”可知，Field Day对于年轻人来说意味着新年，因此人们在悉尼能够享受有趣的新年。故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据The McDowell Mountain Music Festival部分中的“Since its fou nding in 2004 f it is the only 100% non - profit music festival designed to support, entertain and educate the community.”可知，自从建立以来，这个节日一直是非盈利的音乐节。因此推断它的目的不是赚钱。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据The Envision Festival部分中的“Meanwhile, our connection with nature is expected to be strengthened.”和The Old Settler's Music Festival部分提到的“The festival is held in the country of Texas at the height of the wild flower season.”可知，这两个音乐节与大自然有关。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Beginning life at college naturally develops both excitement and anxiety for many reasons. Fors ome, this feeling is quickly overcome as they adapt to a new environment; for others the change takes longer and sometimes appears as homesickness.
If you are homesick, you might notice an increase in:
Low energy or motivation.
Trouble sleeping.
Increases/decreases in appetite.
Having difficulty with school.
Increased use of drugs or alcohol.
Lack of interest or involvement in new surroundings.
CAUSES
The distance from home—the farther you go, the worse it may be.
Unhappiness when things are different from your expectations of student life.
You have finally arrived at college after working toward it for so long.
A heavy workload.
Students who are homesick often feel they have no control over their environment.
WHAT MIGHT HELP?
Keep in good contact with the people you have left behind, but also give yourself time within
the university to begin to get involved here.
Be realistic about what to expect from student life and from yourself. Set up a balance between work and leisure.
If work is proving too difficult, you may need to improve your study skills or your organization of time.
Remember to get enough food and sleep! These affect you emotionally as well as physically.
Make contacts and friends through shared activities such as sports or other interests.
If you stop being able to do normal social and academic things, seek professional help either from your advisor or dean or the counseling service.
（1）What might be a sign of feeling homesick?
A. Feeling like quarreling with someone else.
B. Becoming interested in study than ever before.
C. Finding food or fruit less attractive.
D. Participating in almost all activities in college.
（2）New college students might be homesick because .
A. they are never far away from their parents
B. they feel upset about something unexpected
C. they suddenly do not have anything to do
D. they do not like the university they are in
（3）Which of the following measures might be helpful for homesick students according to the text?
A. Keeping their old friends left behind.
B. Reminding themselves to keep busy and forget it.
C. Forcing themselves to stay in their dorms on weekends.
D. Going in for sports with their friends.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了刚离开家上大学的学生面对新环境可能遇到的问题和给他们提出的建议。
（1）细节理解题。由原文“Increases/decreases in appetite.”可知，如果一个人想家，就有可能增加或减少食欲，所以C选项“感觉食物或水果失去吸引力”符合题意，而其他选项“想跟别人吵架”、“对学习比以前更感兴趣”和“几乎参加了大学所有的活动”都不符合题意。所以答案选C。
（2）细节理解题。由原文“Unhappiness when things are different from your expectations of student life.”可知，当事情不符合新入学的学生的期望时，他们就会不高兴。所以B选项“他们对不符合预期的事物感到厌烦”符合题意。所以答案选B。
（3）推理判断题。由原文“Keep in good contact with the people you have left behind”可知，要跟留下的人保持联系，所以A选项“要一直让老朋友留下”是不正确的。由原文“Set up a balance between work and leisure.”可知，应该在工作和休闲之前建立一个平衡，所以B选
项“提醒他们自己保持忙碌并忘记想家”是不符合题意的。由原文“Make contacts and friends through shared activities such as sports or other interest s.”可知，可以通过运动或其他兴趣来结识其他朋友，所以C选项“强迫自己周末待在宿舍”是不符合题意的，而D选项“跟朋友一起运动”是正确的。所以答案选D。
【点评】推断题型答题技巧。
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。
3．阅读理解
Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrella, parcels and other items as determined by security officers must be left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted. Items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the gallery. We regret that the museum doesn't have enough space for visitors items larger than 17*26 inches in the gallery.
Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the gallery. *For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor's back. Soft front-baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Wheelchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.
*Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor's bag. Cell phones may not be used in the gallery.
*Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted.
*Skateboarding is prohibited.
*Picture-taking(including video) for personal use is permitted except in the special exhibits.
*Please don't touch the works of art.
（1）According to the text, which item can be carried into the gallery?
A. umbrella
B. package
C. Ipad
D. suitcase
（2）When in the gallery, what can visitors do?
A. They can carry opened bottled water in their bags.
B. They can drink inside the food service areas.
C. They can take pictures for personal use anywhere.
D. They must pay if they use wheelchairs for the children.
（3）What is the text mainly about?
A. The polices of the gallery
B. The artworks of the gallery
C. The location of the gallery
D. The history of the gallery
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了参观博物馆的一些规定。比如，游客携带的物品需要在入口处接受检查；过大的物品不允许带入博物馆；此外，除了服务犬外其他动物不允许进入等等。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrella, parcels and other items as determined by security officers must be left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance.“可知，伞、背包和手提包等都不可以带进国家美术馆。故选C。(2)考查推理判断。根据带星号要点的第二点“Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas.“可知，不允许饮食服务区以外的食品和饮料，可推知可以饮用饮食服务区内供应的饮料，故选B。
(3)考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了艺术展上，参观者需要注意的事项，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
Music is an international language. The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere.
Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers(扬声器)and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.
Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, politics, and activities of the American people. But most of the radio broadcast is music.
Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country, young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes, all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.
Besides pop music, there are two other kinds of music that is important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. The other is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.
Serious music for the concert halls is called classical music. Music for instruments is called orchestra music, such as the symphonies(交响乐)of Beethoven. There is opera for singers, ballet for dancers like the story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in China.
（1）In what way can music be regarded as an international language?
A.Popular music is what everyone enjoys.
B.The wonderful songs are popular with the world people.
C.When music is played, it seems as if it were speaking to us.
D.Music is too popular for everyone to be able to play it.
（2）What can we know about music and people in America?
A.Adult drivers listen to news as well as music when they drive to work.
B.Adult drivers never listen to music when they drive to work.
C.Student drivers carry small radios with earphones when they drive on the streets.
D.Students always listen to music before class, in class and after class.
（3）Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A.All people in America like popular music.
B.Pop singers can get all the money from the tapes.
C.Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai is a kind of pop music in China.
D.Now，western or country music is a little different from its beginning.
（4）What's the best title of the passage?
A.International language.
B.Music in America.
C.Pop music.
D.Music listeners.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国的几种音乐。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Music is an international language.The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere”可知，音乐是一种世界性的语言，用乐器演唱或演奏的歌曲对世界各地的人们来说都是美丽的，因此推断美妙的歌曲深受世界人民的欢迎。故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work.They also listen to the news about sports，the weather，politics，and activities of the American people.”可知，成年司机开车上班时听汽车收音机里的音乐，他们还收听体育新闻，天气，政治，和美国人民的活动。A项正确。其他三项描述都不正确。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching.Today，any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.”可知，如今的乡村音乐与过去是不同的。当初它是牛仔唱给牛听的，但现在它是任何关于乡村生活或乡村青年爱情的音乐。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。从文中各段的描述看，本文主要讲的是美国的音乐种类。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Now in 2019, jazz music is an important part of Indianapolis' art culture. Jazz clubs around the city still host concerts with local jazz musicians like Rob Dixon and Joel Tucker. One of these clubs, the Chatterbox Jazz Club, still has live jazz seven nights a week.
But the real history of jazz in Indy is much less simple. Along with the Avenue's culture, jazz music was gone from the streets for many years.
Indiana Avenue was the heart of a neighborhood along the White River. It was a center for black music and live street music. The wealthy avoided this area. So it became a place that poorer families, including many African-American and immigrant (移民) families, moved to.
Jazz prospered in the mix of American cultures around the Avenue in the 1930s and 1940s. But in the 1950s, things changed. After the war, there were projects to make the city beautiful and build a university nearby. Both of these seemed like good changes. However, the new university and buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. This destroyed the Indiana Avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture.
After many years, Indianapolis remembered the value of its arts and music culture. It began to bring back lost cultures such as live music on the Avenue. To do so, it began to make new changes. The changes included repairing historic areas like the Avenue. Once again, the high living costs in these historic arts areas pushed low-income families out.
Today there are several old-style jazz clubs where friends can meet up to remember the past or just enjoy a summer evening. It might seem at first that jazz is alive again, but there is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: Modern Indy jazz is only a shadow (影子) of the lively culture that was once on Indiana Avenue.
（1）What does the author mainly want to say in Paragraph 1?
A.Jazz clubs can make big money.
B.Jazz musicians often hold concerts.
C.Jazz music is popular in Indianapolis.
D.Jazz culture is just part of Indianapolis' culture.
（2）What does the underlined word "prospered" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Disappeared quickly.
B.Arrived soon.
C.Recovered soon.
D.Developed well.
（3）What did Indianapolis do to bring back its lost culture?
A.It rebuilt some old important areas.
B.It invited old jazz musicians to sing in the city.
C.It educated people about the value of music culture.
D.It settled low-income families in the Indiana Avenue community,
（4）According to the passage, which of the following about modern Indy jazz is true?
A.Its home culture is gone.
B.Its styles are too traditional.
C.It shows the sadness of the poor.
D.It is no longer a favorite of the young.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，2019年爵士乐仍然是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。
（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Now in 2019, jazz music is an important part of Indianapolis' art culture.” 现在到了2019年，爵士乐是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分。可知，第一段主要是介绍了爵士乐在印第安纳波利斯很受欢迎。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中中的“But in the 1950s, things changed…. However, the new university and buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. This destroyed the Indiana Avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture.” 但在20世纪50年代，情况发生了变化。……然而，新的大学和建筑使得贫困家庭不得不离开这个地区。这摧毁了印第安纳大道社区，也随之摧毁了它的爵士乐文化。可知，转折词but之后描述了爵士乐的衰落，因此推测出划线词prospered意为“兴盛、蓬勃发展”。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“It began to bring back lost cultures such as live music on the Avenue. To do so, it began to make new changes. The changes included repairing historic areas like the Avenue.” 它开始带回失落的文化，比如大街上的现场音乐。为此，它开始做出新的改变。这些改变包括修复像The Avenue这样的历史街区。可知，它重建了一些旧的重要区域。故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It might seem at first that jazz is alive again, but there is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: Modern Indy jazz is only a shadow (影子) of the lively culture that was once on Indiana Avenue. ”乍一看，爵士乐似乎又活了起来，但在这些爵士乐俱乐部背后却有一个可悲的现实:现代印地安那爵士乐只是曾经活跃在印第安纳大道上的文化的一个影子。可知，爵士乐的本土文化消失了。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
On hearing the words "Just do it!", you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's “Always Coca-Cola”, you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.
An advertising slogan(广告标语) is to a brand what eyes are to a person. The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds. It's almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan.
Here are a few examples:
"Just do it!"-This slogan speaks out to teens. It tells them to do something, but only if they think it's worth it. And if so, why not do it wearing Nike?
"Always Coca-Cola."-Coke's slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brand's spirit. It seems to say "Coke is the only drink there is; there are no other forms of drinks."
"Share moments, share life."-This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty. It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them-using Kodak film of course!
（1）What would be the best title for the text?
A.Just Do It!
B.Slogan And Brand
C.Famous Slogans
D.What Is A Good Slogan?
（2）Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence (paragraph 2)?
A.A good advertising slogan should draw people's attention.
B.A brand should have an advertising slogan just as people have eyes.
C.An advertising slogan is as important to a brand as eyes are to a person.
D.An advertising slogan acts as the eyes of a brand.
（3）The word "them" in the last paragraph refers to____.
A.people
B.the happy moments
C.photos and beauty
D.Kodak film
（4）Which of the following tables can best match the slogans with their brands?
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系。
（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“On hearing the words ‘Just do it!’, you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's ‘Always Coca-Cola’, you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.”介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系，下文举了几个例子，故选B。
（2）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds.”标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。好的标语在
人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。可知，使用“An advertising slogan(广告标语) is to a brand what eyes are to a person.” 作者把标语对于品牌的作用比作眼睛对于人的作用，也就是说广告标语对一个品牌和眼睛对一个人一样重要。故选C。
（3）考查代词指代。根据最后一段中“It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them-using Kodak film of course!”可知，them指的是前文的“happy moments”。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“T he slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds.(标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。好的标语在人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。可知，表格中的第一条“Obey your thirst”服从你的渴望，标语当中的“thirst”有口渴的意思，故可能跟饮料有关；根据常识可知，这是饮料雪碧的广告语。结合选项，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
Americans gave nearly $300 billion away last year. Do you know the reason? Beyond the noble goals of helping others, it is that giving will make them happier.
It is a fact that givers are happier people than non-givers. According to the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey, a survey of 30,000 American households, people who give money to charity are 43% more likely than non-givers to say they are "very happy" about their lives. Similarly, volunteers are 42% more likely to be very happy then non-volunteers.
The happiness difference between givers and non-givers is not due to differences in their personal characteristics, such as income or religion. Imagine two people who are identical in terms of income and faith, as well as age, education, politics, sex, and family circumstances, but one donates money and volunteers, while the other does not. The giver will be, on average, over
40 percentage points more likely to be very happy than the non-givers.
A number of studies have researched exactly why charity leads to happiness. The surprising conclusion is that giving affects our brain chemistry. For example, people who give often report feelings of euphoria, which psychologists have referred to as the "Helper's High". They believe that charitable activity produces a very mild version of the sensations people get from drugs like morphine and heroin.
Of course, not only does giving increase our happiness, but also our happiness increases the possibility that we will give. Everyone prefers to give more when they are happy. Researchers have investigated this by conducting experiments in which people are asked about their happiness before and after they participate in a charitable activity, such as volunteering to help children or serving meals to the poor. The result is clear that giving has a strong, positive causal impact on our happiness, so does happiness on giving
（1）According to Paragraph 2. We can learn that .
A. only those people who gave money to charity will be happy
B. more givers say they feel having happy lives than non-givers
C. those who donate money are happier than those who volunteer
D. 42% of the volunteers say they are as happy as the non-volunteers
（2）What causes the happiness difference?
A. Income.
B. Faith.
C. Education.
D. Donation.
（3）If a person feels happy, he may .
A. ask for more donations
B. stop charitable activity
C. be likely to give more.
D. cook food for the poor
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国人爱做慈善，因为给予别人帮助比得到帮助更让人快乐。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“people who give money to charity are 43% more likely than non-givers to say they are ‘very happy’ about their lives.”可知给予者比得到帮助者更快乐。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段年龄，性别，收入，信仰，家庭环境都相同的两个人，总是向慈善机构捐钱的那个人，更快乐。可知是捐赠和给予影响一个人的快乐。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“not only does giving increase our happiness, but also our happiness increases the possibility that we will give.”一个人越快乐就越愿意去捐赠，去帮助别人。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
I have learned something about myself since I moved from Long Island to Florida three years ago. Even though I own a home in Port St. Lucie just minutes from the ocean, an uncontrollable urge wells up to return to Long Island even as others make their way south. I guess I am a snowbird stuck in reverse. Instead of enjoying Florida's mild winters, I willingly endure the severe weather on Long Island, the place I called home for 65 years.
I'm like a migratory bird that has lost its sense of timing and direction, my wings flapping against season.
So what makes me fly against the tide of snowbirds? The answer has a lot to do with my reluctance to give up the things that define who I am. Once I hear that the temperature on Long Island has dipped into the range of 40 to 50 degrees, I begin to long for the sight and crackling sound of a wood fire. I also long for the bright display o￡ colors — first in the fall trees, and then in the limits around homes and at Rockefeller Center. Floridians decorate too, but can't create the special feel of a New England winter.
I suppose the biggest reason why I return is to celebrate the holidays with people I haven't seen in months. What could be better than sitting with family and friends for a Thanksgiving
turkey dinner, or watching neighbors' children excitedly open gifts on Christmas? Even the first snowfall seems special. I especially enjoy seeing a bright red bird settling on a snow-covered branch (My wife and I spend winters at a retirement community in Ridge, and I'm grateful that I don't have to shovel.）
While these simple pleasures are not unique to Long Island, they are some of the reasons why I come back. Who says you can't go home?
（1）What does the underlined word "snowbird" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. A person spending winter in a warmer climate.
B. A bird seen chiefly in winter.
C. A person permanently living in a foreign country.
D. A bird flying to the south in winter.（2）What's the difference between Florida and Long Island?
A. Winters in Long Island are milder.
B. The snowbirds in Long Island are rarer.
C. Weather in Long Island is severer.
D. Long Island is nearer to the ocean.
（3）What did the author miss most when he was in Florida
A. The cold temperature.
B. The colorful light display.
C. The family gathering.
D. The winter landscape.
（4）What's the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To praise the beauty and warmth of his hometown.
B. To describe his dream to be a free bird.
C. To explain the reasons for moving from his hometown.
D. To express his feeling of missing his hometown.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作者自己独特的习惯，喜欢家乡寒冷的冬天，而不愿享受佛罗里达温和的冬天；因为作者想念家乡的冬天，想念家乡的景色，想念家乡的亲朋好友。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“ Even though I own a home in Port St. Lucie just minutes from the ocean, an uncontrollable urge wells up to return to Long Island even as others make their way south. I guess I am a snowbird stuck in reverse.”即使我在圣路西港有家离大海只有几分钟的路程,一股无法控制的冲动涌到了长岛，就在其他人向南走的时候。我想我是一个反其道而行之的，一个在温暖的气候里过冬的人，可知选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Instead of enjoying Florida's mild winters， I willingly endure the severe weather on Long Island， the place I called home for 65 years．”没有享受佛罗里达州温和的冬天，我愿意忍受长岛我称之为家乡的地方的恶劣天气长达65年，可知，佛罗里达的冬天比长岛更加温和，所以选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“ I suppose the biggest reason why I return is to celebrate the holidays with people I haven't seen in months. What could be better than sitting with family and friends for a Thanksgiving turkey dinner, or watching neighbors' children excitedly open gifts on Christmas?”我认为我回来的最大原因是和我几个月没见
过的人一起庆祝节日。还有什么能比和家人朋友坐在一起吃感恩节火鸡大餐或者看着邻居的孩子在圣诞节兴奋地打开礼物更好呢？可知选C。
（4）考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，本文介绍作者自己独特的习惯，喜欢家乡寒冷的冬天，而不愿享受佛罗里达温和的冬天；因为作者想念家乡的冬天，想念家乡的景色，想念家乡的亲朋好友，可知，作者写作本文的目的是解释自己对家乡的思念的原因，所以选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
The theatre in Shakespeare's time was much different than it is today. Authors wrote plays for the masses, especially those who couldn't read or write.
The theatre changed a lot during Shakespeare's lifetime. The authorities didn't like it and didn't allow acting in the city itself: They thought it had a bad influence on people and kept them from going to church. Queen Elizabeth, on the other hand, loved acting and helped the theatre become popular.
The theatre in Shakespeare's time was full of life. People did not sit all the time and it was not quiet during the performance. The audience could walk around, eat and drink during the play. Theaters were open arenas or playhouses that had room for up to three thousand people. There was almost no scenery because the dialogue was the most important part of the play. Colourful and well-designed costumes were very important and told the people about the status of a character. Women never performed in plays, 80 young boys played female characters. The performances took place in the afternoon because it was too dark at night.
There was no stage crew as there is today. Actors had to do everything themselves-from making costumes to setting the stage. Plays were organized by acting companies. They performed about 6 different plays each week because they needed money to survive. They had almost no time to rehearse (排练).
The companies in Shakespeare's time had a rank system. The company belonged to shareholders and managers. They were responsible for everything and got most of the money when the company was successful. Sometimes they even owned their own buildings. Actors worked for the managers and after some time became a permanent member of the company. Apprentices (学徒) were young boys and were allowed to act in unimportant role. They also played female characters in plays.
（1）Why was the theatre banned by the authorities?
A. It was much different than before.
B. They thought it affected people negatively.
C. They thought it kept people going to church.
D. The queen didn't like it.
（2）What does the underlined word "arenas" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Stages.
B. Stores.
C. Companies.
D. Playgrounds.
（3）What do we know about then actors?
A. They could drink during the play.
B. Women had to cross-dress male characters.
C. They had stage crew to help them.
D. They were too busy to practice.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember Shakespeare.
B. To show his love of Shakespeare's plays.
C. To introduce theaters in Shakespeare's time.
D. To discuss the company's rank system.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莎士比亚时代的戏剧表演的情况以及当时演员的状况。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The authorities didn't like it and didn't allow acting in the city itself: They thought it had a bad influence on people and kept them from going to church.”可知，当权者不喜欢戏剧，不允许在城市里表演，因为他们认为对人们有不好的影响，所以阻止人们去教堂，故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Theaters were open arenas or playhouses that had room for up to three thousand people. ”可知arenas与playhouses 是同义词，playhouses是一个可以容纳多达3000观众的地方看戏剧表演的地方，因而arenas是开阔的舞台，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“They performed about 6 different plays each week because they needed money to survive. They had almost no time to rehearse (排练).”可知，每周表演六个不同的戏剧，因此没有时间排练，可知他们很忙，故选D。
（4）考查写作意图。根据文章可知，本文主要介绍了莎士比亚时代的戏剧表演的情况以及当时演员的状况，故本文在介绍莎士比亚时代的剧院，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和写作意图四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
Corporate culture is the values and beliefs a company develops over time. The role of corporate culture is to improve a company's mission and strategies, with long-term hopes of improvements in a company's profit. Mostly corporate culture comes from a company's top management.
One role of corporate culture is to influence employee behavior, honesty, and compliance（服从）. A company does not have to necessarily create a direct influence for these actions. A direct influence may be a set of written regulations or other policies, and while these may be in place, the corporate culture is usually more of an indirect influence.
While many companies try to create corporate culture through the use of written policies, its role is harder to define. The human factor has an influence on how corporate culture is expressed.
The way uppermanagement acts and reacts to various situations defines how lower-level employees will act, and this aspect may be more important than any written policy.
A company's corporate culture can also extend beyond the walls of the business. Consumers who believe a company to be honest and forthright（直率）may be more loyal in their buying behavior. Employees in a company's customer service department can also exhibit positive corporate culture to outside individuals. In this case, the culture creates a link between the company's employees and its customers. How customers react may be a direct result from the company's corporate culture.
Product quality can also be influenced by a company's corporate culture. Companies that focus only on profits may decide to avoid high-quality materials in products, but try to suggest that the products are of higher quality than they really are. This negative culture can then result in lower brand loyalty with consumers.
（1）What do we know about corporate culture from this passage?
A. It is a set of rules and regulations.
B. It is the way the employees act.
C. It is the values and beliefs of a company.
D. It is the long term hope of a company.
（2）Which of the following is more efficient in creating corporate culture?
A. Making a set of rules and regulations.
B. Setting an example for the employees.
C. Learning the corporate culture regularly.
D. Encouraging the employees to work harder.（3）What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?
A. The customer is always right.
B. Corporate culture has different functions.
C. Without corporate culture, a company will die.
D. Positive corporate culture can promote sales.
（4）Which word can describe the companies mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. Creative.
B. Efficient.
C. Dishonest.
D. Disloyal.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。企业文化是一个公司随着时间的推移而发展起来的价值观和信念。企业文化的作用是完善企业的使命和战略，并有望长期企业利润的提高。文章并指出了企业文化对企业销量和质量的影响作用。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Corporate culture is the values and beliefs a company develops over time.”可知企业文化是一个公司随着时间的推移而发展起来的价值观和信念。故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Mostly corporate culture comes from a company's top management.”可知企业文化大多来自公司的高层管理人员。即树立员工榜样更能有效地创造企业文化，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Employees in a compan y's customer service department can also exhibit positive corporate culture to outside individuals. In this case, the
culture creates a link between the company's employees and its customers.”可知公司客服部门的员工也可以向外界展示积极的企业文化。在这种情况下，企业文化在员工和客户之间建立了联系，而客户的反应可能是公司企业文化的直接结果。即可知积极的企业文化可以促进销售。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Companies that focus only on profits may decide to avoid high-quality materials in products, but try to suggest that the products are of higher quality than they really are.”可知那些只注重利润的公司可能会决定在产品中避免使用高质量的材料，但要尽量表明产品的质量比实际质量高。公司用低质量的产品冒充品质好的产品，这是一种“不诚实”的行为，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。