专题限时集训(十九)阅读理解推理
判断题(Ⅰ)
(对应学生用书第153页)
加★的为推理判断题
A
(2017·南通、泰州高三一模)Given that motivation is so central to our lives，what do we truly understand about how it operates and about its role in our lives? The assumption is that it's driven by a positive，external reward.Do this，get that.But the story is much more complex.
One of the most striking aspects of motivation is that it often drives us to achievements that are difficult，challenging and even painful.You may think that you would be happy to spend all your time sitting on a white-sand beach drinking and that as long as you get to fill your days this way，you would be happy forever.But while a few days of enjoyment might be fun from time to time，I can't imagine that you would be satisfied by spending your days，weeks，months，years and even your life this way.
Research that examines the differences between meaning and happiness finds that the things that give us a sense of meaning don't necessarily make us happy.Moreover，people who report having meaningful lives are often more interested in doing things for others，while those who focus mostly on doing things for themselves report being only superficially(表面的)happy.The essential quality of “ meaning” has to do with having a sense of being involved in something bigge r than the self.
We all know people obtain a great sense of meaning even in the most unpleasant of circumstances.Many volunteers spend portions of their lives working in dangerous，war-torn areas trying to keep disease and death from innocent civilians or teaching orphans to read.Their pain is real；their sense of doing something truly meaningful is substantial(重大的)．They show how our deep-rooted desire to believe that our lives have purpose beyond our lifespan drives us to work extra hard，even to the point of our own personal suffering，in order to gain more meaning.
The point is that these seemingly odd and irrational(不合理的)motivations get us to do things that are complex，difficult and unpleasant.But they go beyond helping people in need.They motivate us in every aspect of our lives—whether in our personal relationships，in our individual pursuits or in the workplace.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。动机对人们来说有着非常重要的作用，它影响着人们生活的方方面面，它引导着人们走向成功。
1．According to the author，which of the following about motivation is TRUE?
A．Motivation is simply driven by external rewards.
B．Motivation is largely determined by social responsibilities.
C．Motivation enables us to gain more financial returns.
D．Motivation drives us to struggle for achievements.
D[考查细节理解。根据第二段中的第一句可知，动机常常会驱使人们去获取费力的、具有挑战性的和甚至艰难的成功。故选D项。]
★2.According to the research，which of the practices gives us a sense of meaning?
A．Reading a classic novel in the leisure time.
B．Enjoying sunshine and comfort on the beach.
C．Accompanying terminal patients in hospital.
D．Listening to popular music in the sitting room.
C[考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Moreover，people who report having meaningful lives are often more interested in doing things for others ...The essential quality of ‘meaning’has to do with having a sense of being involved in something bigger than the self.”可知，认为自己的生活有意义的人通常更乐于为别人服务，而意义的本质其实是要参与到超乎自我的更重要的事情中去。
故C项“陪伴住院的病危病人”符合题干要求。其他三个选项都只关注了自己的快乐，未惠及他人，故可排除。]
★3.The example of people's voluntary work in Para.4 mainly indicates that________．
A．experiencing personal suffering is a necessary part of our growth
B．voluntary work serves the purpose of adding happiness to our lives
C．it's our duty to help people in need to get out of their sufferings
D．life's great rewards come from our experience of tough circumstances
D[考查推理判断。根据第四段第一句话中的“people obtain a great sense of meaning even in the most unpleasant of circumstances”可知，作者认为在最让人感到不愉快的环境里人们也会获得强烈的意义感。作者在本段所举的例子中也强调了这些志愿者们所处的环境的危险和恶劣，但他们却致力于帮助他人，做有意义的事情，在帮助他人的同时实现了自己的人生价值。这些都说明了最艰苦的环境造就了生活中伟大的奖赏。故选D。]
★4.What can we infer from the passage?
A．People should make sacrifices for social benefits due to their short lifespan.
B．The value and impact of motivation goes beyond our social circle and existence.
C．Helping people in need is the most important goal of a human being nowadays.
D．Superficially happy people usually put others first rather than focus on themselves.
B[考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But they go beyond helping people in need.They motivate us in every aspect of our lives—whether in our personal relationships，in our individual pursuits or in the workplace.”可知，动机的价值和影响力超出我们的社交圈子和社会存在。故选B项。]
B
(2017·南京、盐城高三一模)In 1880，the traveler and journalist Lafcadio Hearn was living in New Orleans and writing for a couple of local papers，Daily City Item and the Times-Democrat.Hearn sensed that New Orleans exists in a state of insidious disintegration(蜕变)—“crumbling into ashes”—thanks to its dangerous geography and its “frauds and maladministration”．And yet, Hearn wrote to a friend，“It is better to live here in sackcloth and ashes than to own the whole state of Ohio.”New Orleanians have always resembled New Yorkers；they tend to share the sense that to live anywhere else would lead inevitably to a stupid and pitiable existence beyond the bounds of understanding.
In part，the spirit of New Orleans is rooted in the city's below-seal-evel unsteadiness，the condition of looking out—and even up—at the water all around you，the knowledge that water saturates(浸透)the ground you stand on.Katrina，the
fierce hurricane that destroyed the Gulf Coast on August 29，2005，tested the self-possession of every citizen who survived it.More than eighteen hundred people did not survive it，and hundreds of thousands lost their homes.The storm and the terrible flooding that followed—a natural disaster worsened by a range of manmade disasters—revealed much that had been fragile，or rotten，in Hearn's time and grew worse with every decade：shabby civil engineering；corruption and inefficient government institutions; and it turned out that an Administration in Washington witnessed for days a city drowning—a largely black city drowning—and reacted with annoying indifference.And yet，in the face of abandonment—in hospitals，on rooftops，on highway overpasses—the residents of New Orleans behaved with resilience(不折不挠)．Rebecca Solnit，an acute observer of Katrina and its aftermath，has written，“The belief that a Hobbesian war of all-against-all had broken loose justified treating the place as a crime zone or even an unfriendly country rather than a place in which grandmothers and children were trapped in frightful conditions，desperately in need of food，water，shelter and medical attention.”
Alec Soth，a photographer who lives in Minneapolis and travels the Midwest and the South with the energy of a latter-day Walker Evans，did not join the artists who came to New Orleans a decade ago to capture what he calls the “eye candy of rot and ruin”．Instead，he waited，preferring to capture the city of water ten years later，a city in a state of both persistent suffering and persistent renewal.Soth shows us the upsetting image of a freestanding column—all that is left of a house in the hard-hit Lower Ninth Ward—but he moves toward a vision of promise，a lonely figure at his leisure，staring into the waters of today's New Orleans.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了美国南部城市新奥尔良。
5．New Orleanians are similar to New Yorkers in that ________．
A．they refuse to leave their homeland
B．they exist in insidious disintegration
C．they possess dangerous geography
D．they have a sense of boring existence
A[考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“New Orleanians have always