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高中英语语法重点难点回顾

高中英语语法重点难点回顾
高中英语语法重点难点回顾

高中英语语法重点难点回顾

?主谓一致常考难题:

Five minutes is enoughto do this exercise.?Each boy and each girl wants to servethe people in future.?More than one student has se en the film. ?Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.?More members than oneare against your plan.?一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式:glasses, clothes, trousers,shoes, compasse s, chopsticks, scissors等。

但如果主语用a kind of, apair of, a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk.

并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。例如:

Truthand honesty is the best policy.?The girl’steacher and fri end is a young doctor.

To love and tobeloved is the great happiness.?Goingto bede arlyand getting up earlyis a goodhabit.?A knifeandf ork is onthetable.

当主语后面跟有as wellas, asmuch as , no less than, alongwith, w ith,like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides,including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:

The teacheras well as the students was excited.?The room with its furniture was rented.?A (great)number of修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of,a largeamount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:

Those who want to go please sign your names here.

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from thesun.

季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠1/2 one(a)half 1/4 one(a)quarter

词。?

形容词的顺序:

系动词be,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,t aste,sound,turn,remain限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料?Those three beautiful large squ are old brown woodtable?某些以a-开首的形容词例如:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。

某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:friendly,lively, lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,orderly, timely等。?1)close接近地 closely仔细地,密切地?2)free免费地freely自由地,无拘束地

3)hard努力地 hardly几乎不

4)late 晚,迟lately 近来?5)most 极,非常mostly主要地?6)wide广阔地,充分地 widely广泛地?7)high高 highly高度地,非常地

8)deep深,迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”

9)loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)

10)near邻近nearly几乎?bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least?表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示:This room is lessbeautiful than thatone.

表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如:even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far, yet, by far等修饰:He works even harder than before.?注意:byfar 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。?He is taller by far than his brother.

He is by far the taller ofthe two brothers.

某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。superior,junior,senior 等。?He is superior toMr Wangin mathematics.?在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人,也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。例如:

The book on the tableis more interesting than that on the des k.?A box made of ironis stronger than one made of wood.?表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:

A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc)of

B.?Thenew building is four times the size (the height) of the old on e.

这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。[高三倍]?A is three (four,etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.

Asia is four times as large asEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。?A is three(four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.

例如:Your school is three times bigger thanours.

你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。?表示两倍可以用 twice或double。?表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。?如果复数名词前有many、few,不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时,该用so而不用such。如:?I’ve had so many falls that I’mblack andblue allover.

Mr White gotso little money a month that he could hardly keepbody and soul together.

但little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。如:

They are suchlittle children that the they cannotclean the house bythemselves.

6)almost与nearly?在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如:?I’m not nearly ready.

在any, no,none, never前用almost,不用nearly。例如:

I almostneversee her.

need 表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如:?You needn’t come so early. ?Need I finish the work today? --Yes,you must.?注意:needn’thave done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。例如:You needn’t

have waited for me.

“should have done”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。?You should have start ed earlier.?“ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。

You ought to have helped him (but you didn’t)

书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。?表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have, be, hear, see,like等词一般不用进行时。?有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词sell,wash,write,r ead,clean,cook等。例如:?The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。

The new product sellswell.这新产品很畅销。?The pen writeswell.这支笔很好写。

在动词arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如:?We suggested that we (should)have a meeting.?We insisted t hat they (should)go with us.

The doctor ordered thatshe (should) stay in bed for a few days. He demanded that we (should) start right away.?作advice,idea,order,d emand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”。例如:We all agreed to his suggestion thatwe(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.?Myidea is that we (should) do exercises first.?在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。例如:I often hear him sing the song. ?He is often heard to sing the song.

注意:不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如:

She could do nothing but cry. ?What do youlike to do besides swi m?

Ihaveno choice but togo.?作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如:H e is looking for a room tolive in.

There is nothing to worry about.?Please give me a knifeto c utwith.

There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/useless doing sth.?动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式:?admit,appreciate, avoid, consi der, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like,finish, forgi ve, giveup, imagine, include, keep, mention,mind,miss,practise,put off, resist, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t stand(无法忍受)等。?I tried not to go there.(我设法不去那里。)

I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次。)]

mean to do 有意... mean doing意味着...?I meanto comeearly toda y.(我打算今天早些来。)

Missing the train means waiting foranother hour.

(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)

allow, advise, forbid, permit?Wedon’t allow smoking he

re. Wedon’t allow students to smoke.

动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,若表示的含义是被动的,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式。例如:

The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to becleaned).

在短语devote to, lookforward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,thank you for, excuse me for 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式:I look forwardto hearingfrom you soon.

Badlypolluted, the water cannot be drunk.(原因)?Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.

(原因,强调写的过程,故应用现在分词一般被动式)?Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn’t find his way through the jungle.(为了强调已完成的动作)?Asked tostay,I couldn’t verywell refuse.?这里 asked 可能意味着 having beenasked,也可能意味着when/since I was asked, 但用了 having been asked就不会有歧义。

下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同,所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如:

Covered with confusion, Ileft the room.我很窘地离开了房间。?United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存,分裂则亡。?He used to live in Lo ndon, use(d)n’t he /didn’t he??There usedto be a cinema here befor ethe war, use(d)n’t there /didn’t there?

Such things ought not to beallowed,ought they??He ought to be punished, oughtn’t he??但在正式文体中,用ought we not形式。例如:

We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go ,should we not?

含有情态动词must的句子表示推则,作“想必”解时,疑问部分不可用mustn’t。若前句强调对现在情况的推测,疑问部分用aren’t(isn’t)十主语,例如:You mustbe tired,aren’tyou?若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问句部分则用needn’t。例如:You must go home right now, needn’tyou?

当mustn’t 表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用must。如:?You mustn’twalk on grass, must you??前句谓语动词是must have+过去分词时,若前句强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用didn’t+主语;若前句强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用haven’t(hasn’t)+主语,例如:?He musthave me ther yesterday, didn’t he??Youmust have seen the film, have n’t you?

陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时(前缀或后缀),疑问部分仍用否定结构。例如:He is unfi tforhis office, isn’t he?

如果陈述部分包含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little,nowhere,nothing等否定或半否定词时,疑问部分用肯定形式。例如:He ishardly 14 years old,is he?

如果陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,no one等不定代词,其疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they。?Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he?

Everyone knows their job,don’t they??Noone washurt,were they??I’m late, aren’t I??Onecan’t be too careful,canone(you)??Have a cup of tea, will you??Let’s go there,shall we?Le t us go there,will you??同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内

容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。连接词用that (不用which)及连接副词how, when, where, why等。例如:?His delayis dueto the factthat the car went wrong halfway.

The news that our team has won the match is true.?She askedthe r eason why there was a delay.

关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下:?A)在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如:?The question is whether the film is worth seeing.

The news whether our team has wonthe match is unknown.?B)在主语从句中,只有用it作形式主语时,whether和if都能引导主语从句,否则,也只能用whether。例如:?Whether we shall attendthe meeting hasn’t been decided yet.?It hasn’tbeen decided whether(if)weshall attend the meeting.

C)在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)例如:

It all depends (on) whetherthey will support us.

D)后面直接跟动词不定式时。?He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

E)后面紧接or not 时。

We didn’t know whether ornot she was ready.?F)引导让步状语从句,只能用whether。

Whether youlike it or not, you must do it well.

G)用if会引起歧义时。例如:Pleaselet me know if you like it.

该句有两个意思:“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。

或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。

在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句:

1)先行词是不定代词:all,few,little, much,something,nothing,anything等。All that we have to do is to practiseevery day.

2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。?The first lesson that Ilearned will never be forgotten.?3)先行词被all,any,every, each, few,little,n o,some, 等修饰。

I have read all the book(that) yougave me.

4)先行词被 the only, thevery, the same, the last 修饰时。

He is the only person that I want to talk to.

5)先行词既有人又有物时。They talked ofthings and persons that they r emembered in the school.?先行词是表示地点时,要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否则用where。?This is the ho use where helived last year.?Thisisthe house that (which) he visited last year.?用nosooner…than和hardly…when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时;而且主句一般倒装,把助动词had提到前面。例如:Hardly had I entered the room when I heardaloud noise.

代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。Here it is. Here he comes.

当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。?South of the city lies a big steel factory.

From the valley camea frightening sound.

表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。?Present at the meeting

were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.

Gone are the days when theycould do what they liked to the Chinese people.?Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and t oys.

He has been to Beijing. So have I.?Li Wei can’t answer thequestion. Neither can I.?部分倒装?用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。Had youreviewe d your lessons,youmight have passed the examination.?3.用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中。例如:Pretty as she is ,sh eis not clever. ?Try as he would, he might fail again.?如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。

Child as he was, he had to make a living.?用于no sooner…than…,hard ly…when和not until的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he fini sh his homework.

用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,atno time,not only,notonce等词开头的句子。?Never shall I do this again. Little didhe know who the womanwas.

6.用于以only开头的句子(only修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句时)。Only thisaft ernoon did I finish the novel.?Only in this waycan you masterEnglish.

Only when he told me didI realize what trouble he was in.?如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装。?Only Wang Ling knows this.?用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!

stomach-stomachs,a German-three Germans,

an American-two Americans,man cook -men cooks;

papers 报纸, 文件manners礼貌drinks饮料?in a word 简言之in otherwords 换句话说

have words with 与某人吵嘴

have a few words (a word) with sb.与某人说几句话?The crowd were running for their lives.

某些集体名词, 如people, police,cattle等,只当复数看待, 谓语动词必须用复数。The policeare searching for him.

高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结

高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第01章名词性从句 第02章“It”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第08章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第11章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与it引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i t引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom、例如: a) It isapitythatyoudidn’t go to seethefilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’tinterest me whetheryou succeed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Itisin themorning thatthe murder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) It is John that broke thewindow。就是John打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用it 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词+从句 It is afact that…事实就是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It iscommon knowledge that …就是常识 (2)It is + 形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It isstrange that…奇怪得就是…(3) It is+不及物动词+ 从句 Itseems that…似乎… It happenedthat…碰巧… Itappears that…似乎…

高中英语语法讲义——名词

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1

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