8A Unit 8词组、句型复习提纲
二、重点句子及句型：
1.My house is all wet.
我的房子都潮湿了。
2.I was sleeping when it started to rain.
开始下雨时我正在睡觉。
3.Didn’t you hear the rain?
难道你没听到雨声吗?
4.There was water everywhere.
到处都是水。
5.Who will mop up the water if I go home without you?
谁将把水拖干如果没有你我回家?
6. A young boy fall from a tree and hurts his legs.
小男孩从树上掉下并伤了腿。
7.Lightning starts a big fire in the classroom building.
闪电击使教学楼着火了。
8.Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire.
闪电击中教学楼并着火了。
9.People were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down .
当玻璃碎片和砖块落下来的时候，人们朝四面八方跑去。
10.I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast.
我感到紧张并且心跳很快。
11. A moment of fear went through my mind，but I told myself to calm down since I was
still alive.
片刻的恐惧掠过我的大脑,但我告诉自己冷静下来因为我还活着。
12.I started to pull myself slowly through the dark.
我开始在黑暗中慢慢地向前移动身体。
13.I heard shouts from excited people
我听到兴奋的人们发出的叫喊声。
14.The earthquake hit Taiwai in 1999.
1999年台湾发生了地震。
15.What a terrible snowstorm !
多么可怕的暴风雪!
16.Try to get out as soon as possible
尽快逃出去。
17.Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke.
用一个湿毛巾捂住嘴巴和鼻子以防浓烟。
18.Stay low to the ground.
身体下低贴近地面。
19.Never go back into the building on fire.
不要回到（进入）着火的大楼。
20.Don’t walk through the flood water.
不要穿过洪水。
21.Hide under a strong desk to protect yourself.
藏在结实的桌子底下以保护自己。
22.Look left, right and then left when you cross the road.
过马路时，先左看，右看，再左看。
23.Don’t walk or ride your bicycle on railways.
不要在铁路上行走或骑车。
24.We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, flood, earthquake and traffic
accidents.
我们学到了许多关于保持自己安全远离火灾、洪水、地震和交通事故的东西。
25.Do you know what to do first when we burn ourselves?
当我们烧伤自己时，你知道我们先做什么？
26.You should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes.
把手放入冷水达10分钟。
27. A snowstorm hit Beijing.
一场暴风雪袭击了北京。
28.Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind.
突然,一阵大风从后面刮来。
三、语法
1．过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用。
如：at that time／moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week...), at+点钟+yesterday(last night/Sunday.).
过去进行时的构成：
肯定形式：主语+was/were+v．-ing。
否定形式：主语+was not(wasn't)／were not(weren't)+v．-ing。
疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+v．-ing。如：
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在做家庭作业。
They were waiting for you yesterday.
他们昨天一直在等你。
2．when，as和while的用法区别
(1)while只表示一段时间，while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是延续性动词，且主句的动作在从句动作的发生过程中发生或主从句两个动作同时发生。如：
He was talking to me while he was watching the TV. 他一边和我说话，一边看电视。
(2) when既可以表示具体的时间点，也可以表示一段时间，它所引导的从句的动作可以发生在主语动作之前，也可以是发生在后。当从句中都是延续性动作时，when与while可替换。如：
When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep.
当我走进房间时，我发现他正躺在那儿睡觉。
Mary was having dinner when I saw her.
当我看见玛丽的时候，她正在吃晚饭。
(3) as多用于平行结构，表示两个动作同时发生，一个主语同时进行两个动作，一种状态随另一种状态的变化而变化。从句中多用表示动作的动词，而不用be动词或表示感觉、理解、知道这类动词。如：
As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bar.
当他站在那儿时，他看见两个人走进了酒吧。
She dropped the glass as she stood up.
当她站起来的时候，她碰落了玻璃杯。
The students took notes as they listened.
学生们一边听讲一边记笔记。
(4)表示主句的动作发生在从句的较长动作过程中，when，while，as均可使用。从句中为be 动词时，多用when和while。谈论两个同时进行的长动作可用while，谈论两个平行动作或两种状态变化多用as。
初中英语重点短语、句型汇总 初中英语重点短语、句型汇总 短语、词组归纳 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理： 一、动词+介词 1.lookat…看…，looklike…看上去像……，lookafter…照料… 2.listento…听…… 3.welcometo…欢迎到…… 4.sayhelloto…向……问好 5.speakto…对……说话 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A.动词（vt.）+副词 1.puton穿上 2.takeoff脱下 3.writedown记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前 面。 B.动词（vi）+副词。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d937813.html,eon赶快 2.getup起床 3.gohome回家 https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d937813.html,ein进来 5.sitdown坐下 6.standup起立 此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1.closethedoor 2.1ookthesame 3.gotowork/class 4.beill 5.havealook/seat 6.havesupper 7.1ookyoung8.goshopping9.watchTV/games 10.playgames 四、介词短语 “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着……。 2.in+Row/Team/Class/Grade等，表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。 3.inthemorning/afternoon/evening/表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。 4.inthedesk/pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。 5.inthetree表示“在树上(非树本身所有)”；onthetree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。 6.inthewall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；onthewall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。 7.atwork（在工作）/atschool（上学）/athome（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。 8.at+时刻表示钟点。 9.likethis/that表示方式，意为“像……这/那样”。 10.of短语表示所属关系。 11.behind/beside/near/under+名词等，表示方位、处所。 12.from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从……”，后者意为“到……”。 另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：onduty,afterbreakfast,atnight,atthedoor,inthemiddle,inthesky,onone’sbike等。 五、重点短语 1.kindsof各种各样的 2.either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是…… 3.neither…nor…既不……也不……
巫不民族学校2013-2014学年度第二学期 八年级英语复习资料2014.6.24 1.in front of在....前面注意区别：in the front of e.g. I was afraid to speak in front of my classmates. 2.ask sb. for sth.向...寻求... ask sb to do sth e.g. have you ever asked your teacher for help? 3.do sth by doing sth.通过（做）...（方式）做... e.g. I learning English by studying grammar. 4.too...to do..太...而不能做... e.g. I’m too tired to do well. 5.watch sb. do sth.看...做过了... e.g. I can watch the actors say the words. 6.see sb. doing sth.看见...正在做.... see sb do sth 看见...做过了.... e.g. Today after school I saw my mother cooking in kitchen. 7.get excited变得兴奋、激动 e.g. When we excited about something and then end up runing. 8.end up doing sth结束（做）.... e.g. I spend two days ending up doing work. 9.finish doing sth. 完成（做）... e.g. I spend a lot of time finishing my homework. 10.end up with 以....为结束（告终） e.g. The dream ends up with the voice of alarm. 11.make mistakes in sth.在...（上）犯错 e.g. I often make mistakes in study. 12.be afraid to do sth害怕做.... e.g. The man who is not afraid to fail can be successful. 13.be afraid that +句子害怕... e.g. I’m afraid that he won’t come back tomorrow. 14.challenge sb. to 跟....挑战做.... 15.....one of ....之一 e.g. Studying grammar is one of the best ways to learn English. 16.make up of ...由...构成... e.g. The English words made up of twenty-six letters. 17.impress sb with sth 给...留下印象 e.g. I impressed my teacher with my honesty. 19.deal with 处理、应付 e.g. How do you deal with your problems in life ？ 20.have an influence on/in 对...有影响 e.g. The weather will have a bad influence on the local people. 21.regard...as..把...视、看作... e.g. I usually regard problems as challenges. https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d937813.html,ed to do过去常常做....(现在不做了) e.g. I used to be afraid of the dog. 23.be use to doing =get used to doing 习惯于做.... e.g. I’m used to reading books. 24.be used to do ...被用于做... 25.be used for doing被用于做.... e.g. A pen is used to write. e.g. A pen is used for writing. 26.sth be used by sb. ....被....使用 e.g. My motorbike is used by my brother. 27.be afraid of 害怕.... e.g. I can’t be afraid of swimming. 28.be sure of 对...有把握 e.g. I’m sure of becoming a English teacher. 29.be sure to do 肯定能做.... e.g. I’m sure to change my life. 30.be sure that+句子确信、肯定.. e.g. I am sure that he will make mistakes in study. 31.be interested in对...感兴趣interesting修饰物品 e.g. He is interested in the history book. 32.be terrified of害怕... e.g. Everyone is terrified of death. 33.be afraid to do =be afraid of doing 害怕做..... e.g. He is afraid to stay at home alone. e.g. He is afraid of staying at home alone. 34.spend time in doing sth花费时间、金钱做.... 35.spend time on sth花费时间、金钱在....上 e.g. I usually spend much time on study, but I still can not study well. e.g. She often spend much time in doing her homework. 36.not...any more..不再... e.g. Jim isn’t mad at me anynore. 37.in the last few years在过去的几年里（常用于现在完成时） e.g. Have you ever been changed in the last few years? 38.worry about =be worried about 担心、忧... e.g. Will you be worried about me? 39.make sb do sth让...做... 40.It’s much more difficult to do ....做....困难得多 e.g. It’s much more difficult to study grammar.
依据文法给出句子的语法树和推导过程，并计算短语、句柄 7.已知文法G(S) S→a | ^ | (T) T→T,S | S (1) 给出句子(a,(a,a))的最左推导； (2) 给出句型((T,S),a)的短语, 直接短语，句柄。 最左推导 S=(T)=>(T,S)=>(S,S)=>(a,S)=>(a,(T))=>(a,(T,S))=>(a,(S,S))=>(a,(a,S))=>(a,(a, a)) 短语 ((T,S),a) (T,S),a (T,S) T,S a 直接短语 T,S a 句柄 T,S 9.已知文法G(S) S→aAcBe A→Ab| b B→d (1)给出句子abbcde的最左推导及画出语法树； (2)给出句型aAbcde的短语、素短语。 (1) S=>aAcBe=>AAbcBe=>abbcBe=>abbcde (2) 短语: aAbcde, Ab, d 素短语: Ab, d 12.已知文法G(S) E→E+T | T T→T*F| F F→(E)| i (1) 给出句型 (i+i)*i+i的最左推导及画出语法树； (2) 给出句型(E+T)*i+F 的短语，素短语和最左素短语。 (1) E=>E+T=>T+T=>T*F+T=>F*F+T=>(E)*F+T=>(E+T)*F+T=>(T+T)*F+T
=>(F+T)*F+T=>(i+T)*F+T=>(i+F)*F+T=>(i+i)*F+T=>(i+i)*i+T =>(i+i)*i+F=>(i+i)*i+i (2) 短语 i, F, E+T, (E+T), (E+T)*i, (E+T)*i+F 素短语 i, E+T 最左素短语 E+T 3、对于文法G(S): ）Ma L a |(L M bMb S →→→ 答：1） b Ma b Lb b bMb S )((??? 2） 短语: Ma)， (Ma)， b(Ma)b 直接短语: Ma) 句柄: Ma) 四、对于文法G(E): (8分) E →T|E+T T →F|T*F F →(E)|i 1. 写出句型(T*F+i)的最右推导并画出语法树。 2. 写出上述句型的短语，直接短语、句柄和素短语。 答： 1. (4分) E ?T ? F ?(E) ?(E+T) ?(E+F) ?(E+i) ?(T+i) ?(T*F+i) 2. (4分) 短语：(T*F+i), T*F+i, T*F, i 直接短语：T*F, i 句柄：T*F 素短语：T*F, i S b M ( T M a b L ) E T F ( E ) E + T F i T T * F
高中英语常用短语及句型归纳 1．高考高频动词短语 （1）act短语： act as 担任……职务，起……作用act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事） act out 表演（对话、故事等）act up 捣乱，出毛病 例如： I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen. Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case. (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。) The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus. He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot. （2）break短语： break away 摆脱，脱离break away from …脱离……，奋力挣脱…… break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解 break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入break into …闯入……，破门而入 break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止 break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发 break out in tears 突然大哭break the rule 违反规定 break through 突围，冲跨break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开 例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught. If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later. The car broke down just on my way here. If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off. If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off. She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup. I broke off the conversation and answered the phone. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem. In spring the icebergs begin to break up. （3）bring短语： bring about 引起，导致，使发生bring along 把……带来，领来 bring back 拿回来，使恢复bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒 （比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒） bring down 使……降低，减少，使……倒下，使……落下 bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价[比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格下降/上涨] bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收 bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进 bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出 bring to 使苏醒 bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施） bring up 抚养，培养，哺育 例如： A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.
Unit 1 How can we become good learners?重点短语 1. good learners 优秀的学习者 2. work with friends 和朋友一起学习 3. study for a test 备考 4.have conversations with 与……交谈 5.speaking skills 口语技巧 6.a little 有点儿 7.at first 起初起先 8.the secret to... .......的秘诀 9.because of 因为 10.as well 也 11.look up 查阅；抬头看 12.so that 以便，为了 13.the meaning of ……的意思 14.make mistakes 犯错误 15.talk to 交谈 16.depend on 依靠依赖 17.in common 共有的 18.pay attention to 注意关注 19. connect …with …把……联系 20.for example 例如21.think about 考虑 22.even if 即使尽管纵容 23.look for 寻找 24.worry about 担心担忧 25.make word cards 制作单词卡片 26.ask the teacher for help 向老师求助 27.read aloud 大声读 28.spoken English 英语口语 29.give a report 作报告 30.word by word 一字一字地 31. so……that 如此……以至于 32.fall in love with 爱上 33.something interesting 有趣的事情 34.take notes 记笔记 35.how often 多久一次 36.a lot of 许多 37.the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力 38.learning habits 学习习惯 39.be interested in 对……感兴趣 40.get bored 感到无聊 重点句型 1.提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 做…怎么样？如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 你为什么不做…？如：Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 为什么不做…？ 如：Why not go shopping?
LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单，但至关重要。掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 ▲主+系动词+表 注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语（名词） 2 他（是）很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语（形容词） ▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。 3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom.
主语系表语主语系表语（介词短语） ▲定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 ---英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness is a station -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 形容词介词短语 man is a teacher 介词短语形容词
6.教室里。 形容词介词短语 The teacher is handsome. My book is 表语（介词短语）定语（介词短语） She is 介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语，虽然它们词性相同，但由于词序不同，它们所起到的作用也不同，当在is的后面是表语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。 课堂练习 1 1是
英语语法一览表 词法 1．名词 可数名词（单复数及加s/es 的规则）不可数名词 修饰问题（有些词只能修饰可数名词，有些词只能修饰不可数名词，有些词两种皆可） 2. 冠词 a /an (可数名词之前，元音音素前用an) the 表示特指注意不加冠词的情况 3．代词 人称代词（主格、宾格）物主代词（形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词）反身代词疑问代词指示代词不定代词关系代词（用于定语从句） 连接代词（引起从句的代词称为连接代词：who，what，that，which，whose，whom 如：It hasn’t been announced who won the prizes.） 4．数词：分为基数词和序数词，小数和分数注意分数的表示形式 5. 形容词和副词（比较级和最高级的形成：加er /est 或前加more/most ） 倍数表达法： A + 谓语+倍数+the +n.(size/ height/ length……)+of B A是B的多少倍 A + 谓语+倍数+as + abj. + as B A是B的多少倍 A + 谓语+倍数+adj. 比较级+than B A比B….倍 6．介词 7．动词：系动词、助动词、实义动词（分为及物动词和不及物动词）、情态动词 动词的时态和语态
各种时态的主动语态谓语动词一览表 should have done 本应该干。。而没干。。could have done 本可能做而没做 needn’t have done 本不应该做而做了。 8．连词 句法 句子按用途分为：陈述句，疑问句，感叹句，祈使句 1陈述句：分为肯定句和否定句 肯定句变否定句（若句子的谓语动词是be 动词/助动词/情态动词时，在上述动词后加not，若句子的谓语动词是实义动词，则加助动词I like flying kites.-------I don't like flying kites） 2疑问句：一般疑问句/特殊疑问句/选择疑问句/反意疑问句 （1）一般疑问句 将肯定陈述句变一般疑问句：将陈述句中的be动词/助动词/情态动词提到主语前面；若陈述句不含助动词/情态动词，则在主语前面用助动词（do,does或did）提出疑问句【用Yes/No回答】 由否定陈述句变一般疑问句：将haven’t/ hadn’t/hasn't /are’t/didn't 等提到句子的最前面【肯定回答：用“Yes”加肯定结构，翻译为“不”。。。； 否定回答：用“No”加否定结构，翻译为“是”。。。。】 （2）特殊疑问句（就句中的某一部分提出疑问）
九年级英语重点短语和句型 Unit 1 Section A make word cards 制作词卡 read the textbook 阅读课本 listen to tapes 听磁带 ask the teacher for help 求助老师 study for a test 备考 work with a group 小组合作 have conversations with friends 和朋友们谈话read aloud 朗读 improve speaking skills 提高口语技能 give a report 作报告 a slow reader 一个阅读速度慢的人 get the main ideas 获取大意 at first 起初；开始 read word by word 逐字读 word groups 意群 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 It takes time. 这得花时间/ 这得慢慢来。 be afraid to do / of doing sth. 害怕做某事 poor pronunciation 发音不好 fall in love with ... 爱上…… body language 身势语；肢体语言 the expression(s) on one’s face 某人脸上的表情listen for the key words 留神听关键词 as well 也 the secret to ... ……的秘诀 language learning 语言学习 It’s a piece of cake. 小菜一碟。 It serves you right. 你活该。 look up the word in a dictionary 在字典中查单词take notes 记笔记 memorize sentence patterns 记忆句型 do grammar exercises 做语法练习 keep a diary in English 用英语记日记 Section B increase reading speed 提高阅读速度 make mistakes in grammar 在语法方面犯错 be born with ... 天生具有…… the ability to learn 学习的能力 depend on 取决于；依赖learning habits 学习习惯 have ... in common 有……共同之处 create an interest in ... 对……产生兴趣 pay attention to 注意；关注 connect ... with ... 把……和……连接或联系起来learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 think about 考虑 Use it or lose it. 非用即失。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 develop study skills 培养学习技能 write down 写下；记下 look for ways to review 寻找复习的方法Knowledge comes from questioning. 知识源于质疑。 Unit 2 Section A the Water Festival 泼水节 the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 the Spring Festival 春节 the Lantern Festival 元宵节 Mother’s Day 母亲节 Father’s Day 父亲节 a little too crowded 有点太拥挤 eat out 出去吃饭 put on five pounds 体重增加了5磅 Guess what? 你猜怎么着？ in two weeks 两周以后 the hottest month of the year 一年中最热的月份be similar to 和……相似 the Dai people 傣族 throw water at each other 互相泼水 wash away bad things 洗去晦气 have good luck in the new year 在新的一年交好运 celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival 庆祝中秋节in the shape of a full moon 一轮满月的形状 on the Mid-Autumn night 在中秋节的晚上traditional folk stories 传统民间故事 shoot down 射下 magic medicine 仙药 live forever 长生不老
第一部分新目标初中英语词组整理（分单册） 第一册词组(共26个) 1．in English 用英语 2．how many 多少 3．a piece of bread 一片而包 4．four cups of tea 四杯茶 5．a pair of shoes 一双鞋 6．play chess 下棋 7．run after 追逐 8．play football 踢足球 9．be good at 擅长 10．on the basketabll team 在篮球队 11．shoot at the basket 投篮 12．the first bus 第一班车 13．at eight 在八点 14．hurry up 快点 15．a quarter past ten 十点一刻 16．five to eleven 差五分十一点17．the next train 下一趟火车18．on Monday 在周一 19．a ticket for Shanghai 一张飞往上海的机票20．at home 在家 21．a good idea 好主意 22．go skating 去滑冰 23．in the afternoon 在下午 24．in winter 在冬季25．make a snowman 堆雪人 26. put on 穿上，戴上 第二册词组(共84个) 1．in Class One，Grade One 在一年级一班2．play ball games 进行球类活动3．read books 读书 4．in summer 在夏季5．have one's class 上课 6．on the playground 在操场上7．every day 每天 8．the first class 第一节课9．be interested in 对…感兴趣10．his friend 他的朋友11．go to the zoo 去动物园12．collect stamps 集邮13．make model cars 制作汽车模型
英语必修4重点短语及句型Unit 1重点短语 1. have sth in common （与某物）有共同的特点 2. dress as 打扮；装扮成 3. drive sb/sth from / out of sp 迫使（某人或某物）从某处离开 4. the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖 5. concern oneself with /about sth 使自己关心某事 6.devote oneself to sth 献身于……专心于…… 7. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 8. wake up 苏醒 9. wander off 走失；走散；偏离 10. work out 弄清；理解 11.be determined to do sth 决心做某事 12. look down on / upon 瞧不起 13. do research on 研究 14. be busy in doing sth / with sth 忙于…… 15. care for 照顾；照看 16. be intended for 为……准备 17. show consideration to sb. 体贴某人 18. deliver a baby 接生 19. carry on (with) sth. 继续 20. as well as 也 21. as…as possible 尽可能…… 22. lead a…life 过着……生活 23.refer to 查阅；提到；指的是 24. rather than 而非；倒不如 25. free from 没有……的；免除……的 26. come across 偶然遇见 27.by chance 碰巧；凑巧 28.argue for 为……而争辩
英语复习资料 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at )(感官动词)+ do eg :I like watching monkeys jump （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） agree with sb 赞成某人 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 along with 同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 as you can see 你是知道的 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book ask sb for sth 向某人什么 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够……eg : She is able to sing She can sing be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing be afraid to do (of sth ) 恐惧，害怕……eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 be ashamed to be away from 远离 be away from 从……离开 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 be born 出生于 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… be careful 当心；小心 be different from……和什么不一样 be famous for 以……著名 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
华中科技大学文华学院 2008～2009学年度第二学期《编译原理》考试试卷 （A卷）标准答案和评分 课程性质：（必修）使用范围：（本科） 考试时间：2009 年5月日考试方式：（闭卷） 学号__________年级专业____________班级________姓名____________ 一、单选题（将正确的答案的字母，填入题干的下划线中。每题2分，共14分）1．语言学家Chomsky将文法和语言分为四大类，其中3型文法又称为D。 A．无限制文法B．上下文有关文法 C．上下文无关文法D．正规文法 2．设有文法G[S]：S→(T)|a|∧，T→TbS|S，则FOLLOW(S)= B。 A．{ ),b } B．{ ),b,# } C．{ ),a,# } D．{ ( , b } 3．在语法分析方法中，算符优先分析法采用A文法。 A．OPG B．LL(1) C．LR(0) D．LR(1) 4．对程序中的表达式的识别工作，编译程序通常都在A阶段完成。 A．语法分析B．语义分析 C．词法分析D．目标代码的生成 5．自下而上语法分析的工作原理是C。 A．“移进—推导法”B．“最左推导法” C．“移进—规约法”D．“推导—规约法” 6．已知∑＝{a,b}，与文法G[S]:S→Sa| Sb| a等价的正规式是C。 A．ab*B．ba* C．a(a|b)*D．aa*|b* 7．LR分析法每次都是对当前句型的B进行规约。 A．素短语B．句柄C．短语D．最左素短语
二、填空题（每空2分，共22分） 1．已知文法G[S]：S →(A)|a ，A →AcS|S|b ；该文法的开始符号是 S ，非终结符 号集合为 {S,A}，终结符号集合为{a,b,c,(,)}。 2．描述源程序中的单词结构有3种方法：有穷自动机，正规式和正规文法。 3．自上而下的语法分析方法有LL(1)和递归下降方法。 4．设有文法G[S]：S →Sa|a ，构造它的拓广文法，引入一个产生式：S ˊ→S ；则I 。=Closure （{[S ˊ→·S ，＃]}）= {[S ˊ→·S ，＃], [S →·Sa ，＃/a], [S →·a ，＃/a]}。 5．在LR （0）项目集规范族中，若有项目：A A bB →?，其中T b V ∈，称该项目为 移进项目。 6.LL(1)语法分析方法中应解决的主要问题是消除回溯；LR 语法分析方法中应解决 的主要问题是项目冲突。 三、判断题（判断下列各题的正错，若正确，在括号中写“正”；否则写“错”。每题 2分，共16分） 1．一个文法有二义性，则由它描述的语言一定具有二义性。（错 ） 2．若一个语言有无穷多个句子，则定义该语言的文法一定是递归的。（正 ） 3．若有正规式a *b ，则与之等价的文法应该是G[A]：A →a A |b 。（ 正 ） 4．设有文法G[A]：A →a B ，B →bB|b ，则该文法是LL(1)文法。（错 ） 5．由文法法G 的开始符号S 推导出来的符号串，称为文法G 的句子。（ 错 ） 6．最左素短语是句型最左边的短语。（错 ） 7．LR 语法分析法是一种规范规约的分析方法。（正 ） 8．存在能够被确定的有穷自动机DFA 识别，却不能用正规式表示的语言。（ 错 ） 四、解答题（共２8分） 1．已知文法G[S]：S→aAb ，A→aAb|a ；求：L(G[S])=?（5分）n { an+1b n | n ≥0 }
英语必修三重要短语与句型 Unit 1 重点短语 1.mean doing sth. 意味着;mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事; mean sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事be meant for 打算作……用; 为…而有 2.take place 发生；举行 3.of all kinds 各种各样的 4.starve to death饿死starve for sth, starve to do,渴望 感到满意是 5.plenty of 大量; 充足 6.be satisfied with感到满意to one’s satisfaction 7.do harm to sb.=do sb. harm 伤害某人8.in the shape of呈…的形状，以…的形式 9.in memory of/ to the memory of sb.纪念某人10.dress up 穿上最好的衣服;打扮,化装 11.award sth.(to sb.)和award sb.sth.(for sth.) 给予、颁奖 reward sb. for sth. 因…奖赏某人；reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人 12. admire sb. for sth在某方面钦佩某人13.look forward to期望，期待，盼望 14,have fun with(与某人)玩得开心;过得快乐( have a good time, enjoy oneself.) 15. turn up.来；出现;把(收音机等)音量开大些turn down 拒绝; turn off 关掉; turn on 打开; turn out 结果是...... turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 16．keep one’s word 失信 守信用；break one’s word, 17．It be obvious that-clause显而易见；一目了然 18．set off 动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; set in开始; set up建立，创立;set out to do = set about doing sth.着手做set down 写下，记下 19．remind sb. of sth. 提醒，使想起 重点句子 1.Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 2.Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or do harm. 3.….. to honor Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s dependence from Britain. 4.China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and ….. 5.Some western countries have very exciting festivals, which take place forty days before Easter. 6.The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. 7.She could be with her friend right now laughing at him. 8.It’s obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting ….. 9. Festivals are meant to celebrate important time of year. 10. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 11. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 12. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’’ homes to as 13. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. 14. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. Unit 2 重点短语 1.a healthy diet健康饮食; a balanced diet平衡的饮食 2.in different way用另外方式 3.most often最经常 4.feel frustrated感到沮丧 5.by lunchtime到午餐时间 6.must have happened一定发生过 7.at the end of the street在街道的尽头8.be tired of 厌倦9.be amazed at sth. 对...感到惊奇 10.throw away扔掉11.get away with 逃脱12.tell lies说谎