Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.;
This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.;
Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years.
21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with?
A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy.
C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America.
D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America.
22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____.
A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown
D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers
23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____.
A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly
C) to welcome warm
heartedly
D) to blame strongly
24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct.
C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct.
D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign.
25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign?
A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility.
D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.;
A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).;
How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.;
Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.;
With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.;
With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
the money for a long time, then put it into stocks. If you need it soon, put it into bonds and cash.
26.This passage is intended to give advice on ____.
A) how to avoid inflation risks
B) what kinds of bonds to buy
C) how to get rich by investing in stock market
D) how to become richer by spreading the risk
27.The author mentions such millionaires as the Rockefellers and Bill Gates to show that ____.
A) they are examples for us on our road to wealth
B) a portfolio is essential to financial success
C) they are really rich people
D) they started out on their own
28.Which of the following statements will the author support?
A) Everybody can get rich with some financial assets.
B) The credit risk for treasury bonds is extremely high.
C) It’s no use trying to know the advantages of stocks, bonds and cash.
D) Everybody should realize the importance of distribution of their financial assets.
29.The word “returns”in paragraph three can be best replaced by “____.
A) returning journeys
B) profits
C) savings
D) investments
30.The author of the passage points out that ____.
A) keeping cash is the only way to avoid risks
B) the longer you own a stock, the more you lost
C) the high rate of profit and high rate of risk coexist in stocks
D) the best way to accumulate wealth is by investing in stocks
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses—all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.;
Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level—variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum—or the data many represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reducing to comprehensibly form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.;
Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficiency to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.
31.What is the passage mainly concerned with?
A) Development and application of statistics.
B) Origin of descriptive statistics.
C) Limitations of inferential statistics.
D) Importance of statistics.
32.Describing and tabulating are associated with ____.
A) inferential statistics
B) descriptive statistics
C) theories of probability
D) inefficiency of counting
33.Which of the following statements is true about descriptive statistics?
A) It combines quantitative variables and qualitative variables.
B) It can be used to deal with only quantitative variables.
C) It helps to summarize properties of a group of data.
D) It helps to make predictions using a sample of observations.
34.The word “unwieldy” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A) difficult to collect
B) difficult to tackle
C) incomprehensive
D) uncontrollable
35.A sample of a population is often examined for the following purposes except ____.
A) to make a more accurate prediction of trend
B) to improve efficiency and avoid unnecessary work
C) to save the trouble of approaching every members
D) to predict characteristics of the entire population
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The Japanese are fascinated by automata and new inventions. Japanese children are used to friendly robots in their comics, in toys, and in TV animated cartoons. When as adults they join the workforce,robots mean that there is no need to import cheap foreign labor, as happens in many other parts of the world. There is no need for humans to put up with dirty, mind deadening mechanical work the robot does it all without complaint, around the clock. Robots don’t go on strike over tea breaks they don’t have tea, or any other kind of breaks:they work, day and night, without having to be paid overtime, without making mistakes. Human tasks are subject to human error: robot error seldom or never occurs except as a result of human error!;
In Japan, robots are almost respected for their virtues. When a new robot is introduced to a small suburban factory, a Shinto priest is invited to inaugurate it. He inaugurates the robot with words along the lines of “Welcome to our co worker, we hope you’ll help him settle in.” No one laughs.;
FANUC demonstrates the Japanese tendency to conform particularly strikingly. The founder of FANUC, Dr. Inaba, has created an army that makes no distinction between blue collar, white collar and steel collar worker: everyone, including the warlord himself, is dressed in yellow clothing issued free by the company. Perh
aps to make up for the boring nature of the work, there are a number of other company perks. Company benefits, including pay, are much higher than in similar companies in Japan. Travel to and from work is provided free in the company’s yellow buses. However, workers are expected to put i n demanding unpaid “overtime.” There is a clock in the product development laboratory set to run at ten times the normal speed, the remind everyone that the company is on a war footing.;
As we watched Dr. Inaba’s yellow helicopter soar away to Narita airport, we couldn’t help thinking that his dream of world domination in robotics and allied applications might be more elegantly achieved if he had also thought to program his robots to whistle while they work.
36.According to the author, which of the following is not true to the Japanese?
A) Robots mean there is no need to import cheap foreign labor.
B) Robots mean that humans needn’t do dirty and noisy work.
C) Robots mean there are no strikes nor overtimes.
D) Robots mean there is no mistake in any form.
37.What can be inferred form the words “He inaugurates the robot with words along the lines of ‘Welcome to our co worker, we hope you’ll help him settle in.’No one laughs.”?
A) The Japanese has no sense of humor while at work.
B) The Japanese does not understand the words of the Shinto priest. C) The Japanese shows a true respect for robots.
D) The Japanese goes too far in their respect for robots.
38.Which of the following is not true about FANUC?
A) Workers receive higher pay for working overtime.
B) Workers enjoy free travel to and from work.
C) Workers are doing boring, sometimes demanding work.
D) Workers are reminded of being on a war footing.
39.What is not implied in the following works “we couldn’t help thinking that his dream of world domination in robotics and allied applications might be more elegantly achieved if he had also thought to program his robots to whistle while they work.”?
A) Our technology is not yet up to the needs of Dr. Inaba’s dream.
B) Dr. Inaba’s dream of world domination in robotics lacks humanity.
C) Dr. Inaba’s dream of allied applications is too practical.
D) The author is in favor of Dr. Inaba’
s dream.
40.What does “our co worker”refer to in the sentence “Welcome to our co worker, we hope you’ll help him settle in?”
A) Japanese workers who attend the inauguration.
B) The introduced robot.
C) The people who have invented the robot.
D) Japanese workers in general.
Part Ⅴ
Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:
How to Cope with Personal Crisis.
You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
How to Deal with Personal Crisis
1.
2.应对个人危机的方法。
Part
Passage One
内容概要:
本文讲述了美国“工作场所操作规范”诞生的背景和实施情况。1996年，美国一些地方和部门的低收入工人抗议血汗工厂，随后克林顿政府发起“无血汗”运动，要求零售商和制造商签署《工作场所操作规范》
。可是国防部拒绝执行；
21.【答案】D
【试题分析】归纳概括题(Summing up and summarizing)
，这种试题要求学生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中
【详细解答】文章从开始就讲述众多的低收入工人集体抗议工作条件，导致Kathie Gifford 的服装厂被曝光；于是克林顿政府发起“无血汗”运动，可是国防部拒绝签署《工作场所操作规范》，劳工部却称该部门主要要求制造商们遵守安全和卫生规定。可见美国政府部门对于血汗工厂的问题存有分歧，也难以解决。所以文章的中心大意是美国血汗工厂的问题目前最严重的地方是美国政府对此的态度不够统一和坚决。A ）太偏，不是讲美国劳工部的职能；B ）太泛，没有指明哪个问题，也不一定威胁到美国的经济；C ）与文章意思相反，美国规范血汗工厂的努力并没有成功。D
）最
22.【答案】C
【译文】根据本文，
Kathie Gifford____
【试题分析】细节理解题(Understanding details)。这类题一般只针对文章中某一个特定的细节，
也可以涉及若干个细节，
【详细解答】见文章第一句话“When Kathie Gifford...condemn such practices.”，Kathie Gifford 的高利润的服装厂曝光了，之后她于1996年在报纸上被广泛报道。所以C ）为正确答案。A ）和B ）与本句意思不符，她不是一名工人；D
）
23.【答案】A
【译文】与划线短语“to submit to ”
【试题分析】猜测词义题(Guessing at word meaning)。即运用一些猜测生词词义的方法，猜测生词的含义，
以提高阅读
【详细解答】可以对上下文已知部分进行逻辑的推理。前面讲到克林顿发起的“无血汗”运动勒令零售商和制造商对车间环境进行定期检查，他们肯定是不情愿的，但这是总统的命令，所以他们就“不情愿地接受”。B ）“冷冷地拒绝”；C ）“热烈地欢迎”；D
24.【答案】B
【试题分析】分析判断题(Making an analysis and a judgment)
。即根据文章中提供的事实，经过分析、思考做出这样或
【详细解答】这类题需要事先通读全文，理解全文主旨，尤其是关于国防部的内容；然后再将四个选项进行比较，用排除法。A ）国防部是美国第14大零售服装制造商，这与文章中retail apparel outlet （零售服装批发商店）不符；B ）它没有按照《工作场所操作规范》行事，这与文章中has not signed the code of conduct 正好相符；C ）它要求承包商签署《工作场所操作规范》， 这与文章中it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.相反；D ）它要求劳工部发起一场运动，文章中没有提及。所以，对比分析可得知
B
25.【答案】A
【试题分析】细节理解中的词义转换题。这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要
【详细解答】文章第一段最后一句话“with much fanfare ， ...， their workplace conditions.”是说，克林顿政府借此小题大做，以勒令制造商们对车间环境进行定期检查。关键词有pressure （强制，压迫，勒令），to submit to （屈服，服从）。第二段第一句话“this campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Conduct.”更加直接说明了这场运动的目的，即让他们签署并执行这一规范。故A
Passage Two
内容概要:
本文介绍了大众化投资的三种渠道，并分析了每种渠道的基本特征和适用对象。第一种是股票投资，回报丰厚，但风险较大；第二种是债券投资，回报稍少，但风险也较小，主要风险是借债人不还和通货膨胀；第三种是投资现金，回
报较少，通货膨胀影响也较小。基本原则是：如果你长期不需要用钱，就投资股票；如果你短期内要用钱，就投资债
26.【答案】D
【译文】文章的目的是给____
【试题分析】归纳概括题。需要考生总结归纳短文(段落)的主题(subject)，中心思想(main idea)，标题(title)或作者的写作目的
(purpose)
【详细解答】通读全文后可知，本文主要介绍了投资的三种渠道，并分析了每种渠道的利弊（即风险程度），如何降低风险来投资致富，即D 所指“如何降低风险来致富”。A ）“如何避免通货膨胀风险”，过于片面；B ）“买入哪种债券”，不是文章的主题；C ）“如何通过投资股票市场致富”，也过于片面。所以D
）为正确答案，可以概括文章中心思
27.【答案】D
【译文】作者提及洛克菲勒、比尔盖茨这样的百万富翁是想说明
____
【试题分析】推理判断题。根据文章某一部分内容推理出作者的言外之意。需要找准、读懂这部分内容，并分析与文
【详细解答】第一段最后一句话，“But today ， ...， starting out on his own needs a portfolio.”这是讲的今天每个人都可以根据自己的需要进行证券投资；推到前面一句，那么前面提及的百万富翁也都是根据自己的需要开始证券投资而致富的。A ）“他们是我们迈向致富之路的榜样”，不具体，没有说明如何致富；B ）“证券投资对于经济成功很关键”，这句话本身是正确的，但与第一段表达的意思不一致；C ）“他们确实很富裕”，也不是第一段所想要表达的意思。D ）“他们是从自己开始做起的”
，这正是第一段所要表达的意思，即这些百万富翁是从自己做起开始致富的，而现在每
28.【答案】D
【试题分析】分析判断题。考生尽量考虑文中的全部信息或事实，在通盘理解文章的基础上去分析每个选项的正误。
【详细解答】这类题应在理解文章的基础上，着重比较四个选项，采取排除法。A ）“只要有一些财产，每个人都可以致富”，凭常识判断这句话本身就不对，更与作者想要介绍投资渠道的必要性和方法相悖；B ）“购买国债的信誉风险极高”，这句话与“The U.S. government stands behind Treasury bonds ， so the credit risk is almost nil.”意思完全相反；C ）“了解股票、债券和现金的优势并无用处”，这与作者的观点相反；D ）“每个人都应该意识到金融财产重新分配的重要性。”这正是第一段作者所说的“每个人都可以根据自己的需要采用不同的投资方式致富”的前提。故选D
29.【答案】B
【译文】第三段中的“returns
【试题分析】猜测词义题。根据上下文来猜测生
【详细解答】该词本身的意思是“回来，回报”，再看句子“stocks pay higher returns but are more risky.”是说股票有更高的回报，但风险更大；我们凭常识判断，股票的回报就是“赚钱，利润”。比较四个选项，B ）profits
（利润）正确。
30.【答案】C
【译文】文章的作者指出____
【详细解答】“作者指出”可以是文章中直接提到的，也可以是作者的言外之意，要结合文章判断四个选项本身是否正确。A ）“保留现金是避免风险的唯一方式”，作者鼓励合理投资，显然这不是作者意思；B ）“你持有股票越久，你损失越大。”这句话本身有误，文章中也没有提及；C ）“高利润和高风险在股票市场中同时存在”，这正是第三段中“stocks pay higher returns but are more risky.”意思，所以正确；D ）“积累财富最好的方式是投资股票”，作者在文章最后明确
指出“如果你长期不需要用钱，就投资
Passage Three
内容概要:
本文介绍了两种基本统计方法的发展及它们的应用。第一种是描述性统计方法，包括计算、测量、列表、排序、描述
31.【答案】A
【详细解答】首先细想一下全文的内容概要，再看四个选项。A ）“统计学的发展与应用”，正是文章所讲的主要内容；B ）“描述性统计”的起源，只说了文章中很小的一个方面；C ）“推理统计方法的局限性”，文章中没有提及；D ）“统计的重要性”，不是本文的重点。综合比较，A
32.【答案】B
【译文】描述和列表与
____
【详细解答】从文章的第二段可以得知，描述和列表是描述性统计方法的两种形式。再看四个选项。A ）“推理性统计”，没有任何关系；B ）“描述性统计”，正好相关；C ）“可能性理论”，从第一段末可知，该理论是用于推理性统计的；D ）“计算的无效”，与文章内容不符。故选B
33.【答案】C
【详细解答】仔细比较四个选项。A ）“它将数量变量和质量变量结合起来了”，这误解了第二段中第二句话“either...or...”句型，要么是数量变量，要么是质量变量；B ）“它只能用来处理数量变量”，也与上面句型含义相悖；C ）“它有助于总结一组数据的特征”，这正是第二段最后一句话“Large masses of data... the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.”的含义；D ）“它有助于使用观察抽样进行预测”，这是推理性统计。所以选C
34.【答案】B
【译文】与第二段中“unwieldy ” 单词意思最接近的是
____
【试题分析】猜测词义题。通过上下文的含义猜测生词的词义，将四个选项分别放到原句子中去比较也不失为一种好
【详细解答】第二段最后一句话“Large masses of data... the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.”的意思是说，大量的数据群必须要有一个总结或减收的过程，以从可能是乱七八糟的数据群中找出其特征，关键词是otherwise ，表示前后有个对比。可见后面提及的unwieldy mass of data 是难以处理的数据。再看四个选项：A ）“难以收集”，文章没有提收集；B ）“难以处理”，与上下文正好相符；C ）“不可理解的”，前面说将它们整理成容易理解的形式，可见它们还是“可以理解的”；D ）“不可控制的”，与句意不符。故选B
35.【答案】A
【详细解答】文章最后一段讲到抽样100个小孩来进行分析预测。A ）“进行更加准确的趋势预测”，抽样本身就不可能是为了更加“准确”，所以A 错，应该选A 。B ）“提高效率，避免不必要工作”，这正是抽样的作用；C ）“省去找每个成员的麻烦”，这也正是人口抽样的优势；D ）“预测全体人群的特征”，正是人口抽样的目的。所以选A
Passage Four
内容概要:
本文介绍了机器人在日本的迅速发展和广泛应用。机器人在实际工作岗位上可以替代工人完成大量的工作，并表现出
诸多的优势。正因为机器人的优点，日本人通常要举行隆重的仪式欢迎机器人投入工厂作业。日本著名的机器人专家
36.【答案】B
【详细解答】在理解全文的基础上，比较四个选项。A ）是第一段第三句话的原话，所以正确；B ）“机器人意味着人们不必从事肮脏和吵闹的工作”，与第一段第四句话含义有所区别，原文是说，有了机器人人们就没有必要“忍受（put
up with ）肮脏、吵闹的工作，所以B 与原文意思不完全一致；C ）和D ）也是文章中所提及的。相比较，A ）、C ）和D ）都是文章中的原话，只有B ）不符原意。故选B
37.【答案】C
【译文】“他在为机器人举行典礼仪式时，说这样的话‘欢迎光临我们的这位同事，我们希望你能帮助他安顿下来。
’
【详细解答】这句话是对上帝说的。在场的人都很肃穆，没有一个人笑，说明日本人在这种场合表现出虔诚，这是对
机器人的一种尊敬。四个选项中，C ）最符合原意。日本人不笑并不能说明他们没有幽默感，也不是没有听懂牧师的话，他们的尊敬也没有过头，所以A ）、B ）、D
38.【答案】A
【译文】下列关于
FANUC
【详细解答】文章倒数第二段中提到FANUC ，这是日本一家专门研制机器人的公司。A ）“工人们在加班时会有更高
的回报”，可是文章中有一句话：“However ， workers are expected to put in demanding unpaid overtime.”这种overtime 是unpaid （没有报酬的），所A 不正确。B ）、C ）、D ）选项均为文章中的原话。故选A
39.【答案】A
【译文】
“我们禁不住这样认为，如果他也想到将他的机器人设计为边工作边吹口哨，那么他统治全世界机器人行业
【详细解答】这段文字中think 的宾语从句中使用的是虚拟语气，表示不可能的假设，同时对Inada 没有想到这样做表示一种遗憾和惋惜。A ）是表示我们的技术还不足以让Inada 实现梦想，原文中是说他的梦想会更加娴雅地实现，意即他的梦想已经实现，所以A 错；B ）和C ）均是说他的梦想太现实，缺乏人性，他设计的机器人并没有边工作边吹口哨（这代表一种休闲的工作方式），而作者认为这样，所以B 和C 均对；D ）是说作者赞同Inada 博士的梦想，从文字的语气中可以得知作者是希望他实现梦想的，而且还提出了更好地实现梦想的建议，所以D 也对。根据题意的要求，选A
40.【答案】B
【译文】“欢迎光临我们的这位同事，我们希望你能帮助他安顿下来。”这句话中的“
co-worker
【详细解答】这句话中，这位同事（co-worker ）显然与后半句中的“他”是同指，“他”安顿下来，那么“他”指什
么呢？结合这是机器人投入使用的典礼仪式，是谁安顿下来呢？显然就是即将投入使用的机器人。所以“这位同事”（co-worker ）是指即将投入使用的机器人，即B
Part
这是一篇限制性提纲作文。由于已经给出了写作主题和段落模式，所以必须紧扣标题，严格遵守提纲，达到规定字数。构思时结构一定要清晰，建议使用四段式，第一段综述，第二、三段分述，第四段做总结，二、三段是重点。可将提纲中的两点作为第二段和第三段的主题句，但不要逐字翻译，然后再找2～3个与主题相关的素材展开说明。另外还需注意：①写好第一句话。这样容易给阅卷者留下一个好印象，最好能用上一个漂亮的复合句，里面再用上2～3个难的单词或词组，但不能出错。②在写作时尽量多用长句，少用短句，适当加入几个结构较复杂的句子。可多用连接性的词组或单词，如first ， second ， moreover ， for one thing...for another ， on the one hand...on the other hand 等等。可以把它们置于段首或文中比较显著的位置，这样会使文章更具条理性。③注意结尾的时候要点题，把自己的观点明确说出来。文章
不要写得太长，这样容易引起阅卷者的反感，达到字数就可以了。④如有可能，适
当加上一两句名言或是谚语，以显示你的水平。最后要注意没有语法错误，并保持
本文可以这样写：首先第一段介绍在生活和工作节奏不断加快的今天，人们会碰到各种各样的个人危机，如：工作事业上的，婚恋家庭上的，人际关系上的等等；第二段则按照提纲中的第一点重点分析造成个人危机的起因，主要有自身处理事物能力不足，外部环境较为不利，以及运气不佳等等；第三段则根据提纲中第二点提出应对个人危机的方法，要根据第二段中的起因来提应对方法，可以写需要个人有坚
强的意志毅力和不懈的努力奋斗，积极改善外部环境，善于抓住机遇；第四段可以
How to Deal with Personal Crisis
Since different person may come across different crisis ， it is difficult to answer why personal crisis will happen and what leads to the situation. It depends. But the main origins and causes can be concluded in the following three aspects ： lack of strong mind and personal incompetence to overcome difficulty ， disadvantageous surroundings ， and bad luck. Only when one person does well in all these three aspects ， can he or she avoid personal crisis.
But anyway ， All is not lost that is in danger. Every cloud has a silver lining. One will surely come out from the crisis if he masters the right methods. At first ， he should envisage the crisis with the right eye. And then ， he should be strongly-minded and be perseverant all the time. Thirdly ， he should try his best to improve relation with his boss ， colleagues ， partners ， friends ， and his family members in order to get a better surrounding. At last ， he should try to grasp every chance to make progress. In this way ， the crisis can be transferred to success.
10
simultaneous: 同时发生的〓 deteriorate: migrate: （使）移居，移往
eligible: alternate: 交替，轮流，改变
cook:
self-conscious: minimum:
distribute:
competent:
4
start out:
settle in:
coincide with: on the course of: 在……的过程中 中国名校六级密卷(2)
北京师范大学外文学院 范 民
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the
Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like what other people say. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught —to work, run, climb, whistle, or ride a bicycle. They compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find a way to get the right answer. Let’s end this nonsense of grades, exams and marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, that is, how to measure their own understanding and how to know what they know or do not know. Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and t eachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world? Don ’t worry ! if it is
essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.
21.What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?
A) By making mistakes and having them pointed out by others.
B) By having their mistakes corrected.
C) By noticing their problems and making changes.
D) By listening to explanations from skilled people.
22.According to the passage, a teacher ’s duty is to____.
A) providing students with help when necessary
B) finding out students ’
mistakes and correcting them
C) teaching students the essential knowledge that they will need in their future life
D) telling students the correct answers
23.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are____.
A) not really important skills
B) more important than other skills
C) basically the same in that we learn by practising and making changes
D) quite different in terms of the way of learning
24.Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only
be assessed by ____.
A) educated persons
B) the children themselves
C) teachers
D) parents
25.The author fears that if adults always correct mistakes for children, children will grow up to be____.
A) fearful of making mistakes
B) too critical of themselves
C) unable to think for themselves
D) unable to use basic skills
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. Its shrilling clamour（喧闹声）dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screens and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the road-side billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights at night.
Advertising has been among England’s biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrate achievement. Why all this fantastic
expenditure?
Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they finish it, by pretending that it gives status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover(养尊处优).
Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is or another, some alteration seems called for how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product,
rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.
26.According to the passage modern advertising becomes one of the most prosperous industries because____.
A) people are more concerned with the image of a product rather than the product itself
B) it saves manufacturers from considering how the products can appeal to customers
C) there are all kinds of media available
D) there are many excellent advertisers who can make their voices authoritative
27.The forms of advertising mentioned in paragraph 1 would have least impact ____.
A) in the rush hours
B) during working hours
C) before working hours
D) after working hours
28．According to the passage, a designer of products is preoccupied with the following
problems EXCEPT ____.
A) customer appeal B) man-hour
C) machine tolerance D) stress factors
29.Advertisers are appreciated by manufacturers because they ____.
A) advise them on ways of giving a product customer appeal
B) accept responsibility for giving a product customer appeal
C) advise them on the best time to go ahead with production
D) consult them during the design and development stages
30．According to the last paragraph, if changes are called for, some manufactures are more
willing to change ____.
A) the image of a product
B) the function of a product
C) the quality of a product
D) the price of a product
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Telecommuting—substituting the computer for the trip to the job—has been hailed as
a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.
For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air
quality.
But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images.
Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child: she hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls
to the doctor.
These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done.Management, too, must separate the myth from reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employees’situation, not the availability of technology, that
precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.
That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies
with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.
31．
Which of the following is not mentioned as a problem related to office work?
A) Wasting time in traffic.
B) The conflict between child-care and work. C) The inflexible schedule.
D) The high expense on office equipment.
32．
According to the passage, how does telecommuting benefit management?
A) It enables workers to work intensively without being disturbed by colleagues. B) It can reduce the rush-hour congestion. C) It can free workers from office.
D) It can stabilize the staff since they can better take care of the family. 33．
What subject does the passage mainly talk about?
A) Business management strategies.
B) The use of computer.
C) The life style of telecommuters.
D) Extending the workplace by means of computers. 34．
According to the passage, the idea of telecommuting is not very realistic because____. A) it ’
s difficult to take care of small children and concentrate on work at the same time
B) computer technology is not advanced enough
C) electrical malfunctions can destroy a project
D) the workers do not always have all the needed resources at home
35. Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage?
A) A scientist in a laboratory developing plans for a space station.
B) A technical writer sending via computer documents created at home.
C) A computer technician repairing an office computer network.
D) A teacher directing computer assisted learning in a private school.
Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The world has spent on preparation for war more than $112 billion a year, roughly $450 per head for every man, woman, and child in the world. Let us consider for a moment what could be done with this sum of money if it were spent on peace and not on war. Some of it, at any rate, in the more prosperous countries, could be spent on the reduction of taxation. The rest should be spent in ways that will, at the same time, be of benefit to mankind and a solution to the economic problem of change from war industry to the expansion of peace industries. As to this expansion, let us begin with the most elementary of all needs, namely, food. Today, the majority of mankind suffers from undernourishment, and in view of the population explosion, this situation is likely to grow worse in the coming decades. A very small part of what is now being spent upon weapons would improve our predicament. Not only could the American surplus of grain, which was for many years uselessly destroyed, be spent in relief of famine, but, by irrigation, large region now desert could be made fertile, and by improvement in transport, distribution
from regions of excess to regions of scarcity could be helped.
Housing, even in the richest countries, is often disastrously inadequate. This could be relieved by a tiny fraction of what is being spent on missiles. Education everywhere, but especially in the newly liberated countries of Africa and Asia, demands an expenditure many times as great as that which it receives now. But it is not only greater expenditure that is needed in education. If the terror of war were removed, science could be devoted to improving human welfare, instead of to the invention of increasingly expensive methods of mutual killing, and schools would no longer think it a part of their duty to promote
hatred of possible enemies by means of ignorance hardened by lies.
36.According to the passage, the problem of famine can be relieved by the following
means EXCEPT ____.
A) increasing taxes in rich countries
B) distributing food from regions of excess to regions of scarcity
C) controlling population explosion
D) developing irrigating techniques
37．Which of the following is not mentioned as benefits derived from diverting money
spent on war to peaceful purposes? A) Taxes could be reduced.
B) Better housing could be provided.
C) Famine could be relieved.
D) Population explosion could be controlled.
38．It can be inferred that the author ’s attitude is ____.
A) ideal B) pessimistic
C) pragmatic D) optimistic
39．It can be inferred that schools of today often have to ____.
A) teach knowledge of war
B) promote hatred towards possible enemies
C) teach students not to tell lies
D) close due to inadequate funds
40．The bold word “undernourishment ”
(Line 9, Para. 1) most probably means ____.
A) war disaster B) poverty
C) lack of nutrition D) certain disease
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Pressure in Modern Life. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.
2. 3.如何缓解压力。
Part
Passage One
内容概要:
习和其他技能的学习一样，学生可以在实践的过程中发现问题，做出相应改变。教师的过多干涉只会增强学生的依赖
21.【答案】C
【详细解答】文章指出，孩子们学习很多技能和学习语言一样，犯了错误不需要总是被指出并纠正，他们会自觉地与其他人做比较，从而发现问题，并且做出改变，故选项C 正确。 22.【答案】A
【详细解答】文章有这样的句子“Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he
can ’t
find a way to
get the right answer ”，因此教师的任务不是给他们正确答案，也不是纠正他们的错误，根据文中“The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours.”
的意思，作者认为在这个复杂多变的社会里，教师的任务也不应仅仅是传授一些必需的知识，故只有
A
23.【答案】C
【详细解答】文章指出，学习语言和学习其他技能如同骑自行车一样，需要在使用这种技能的过程中发现问题，并做出相应的变化，这样才能得到提高。故C
符合文章的本意。 24.【答案】B
【详细解答】文章指出孩子们要学习和知道的并不是所谓的正确答案，重要的是要对自己已知和未知的东西有一
25.【答案】C
【详细解答】文章指出，如果教师总是指出并纠正学生的错误，学生就会过于依赖教师而不会自己做出判断，故
C
Passage Two
内容概要:
一，
原因在
26.【答案】B
【详细解答】文章第三段谈及了广告业兴旺的原因：“Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer ”，即厂家不必再去考虑如何吸引顾客，而是把它交给广告。故
B
27.【答案】B
【
【详细解答】文章第一段列举了广告进入人们生活的各种途径，如电视、收音机、报纸、地铁站等，所有这些都是人们在路途中或休闲时听到或看到的，而不是在上班时间，故B
28.【答案】A
【详细解答】根据文中第三段“The designer is busy enough without adding customer appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors ”可知答案为A
29.【答案】B
【详细解答】根据文章第三段，厂家可以不必去考虑如何吸引顾客，而把这些都交给广告商。因此应选B
，即广告
30.【答案】A
【详细解答】最后一段的大意是某些厂家宁愿通过广告改变产品的形象，而不愿去花费心思改变产品本身。故答案为A
Passage Three
内容概要
:
31.【答案】D
【详细解答】从第二段可以看出，A,B,C 项都是在普通的办公室工作中存在的，人们希望通过在家办公来解决的问
题，只有D 项没有提到，故选D
32.【答案】A
【详细解答】从文章第二段“telecommuting ... allows periods of solitude for high concentration tasks ”可以得知，在家办公对于管理方的好处在于员工可以更专心地投入那些需要注意力高度集中的工作。故选项
A
33.【答案】D
【详细解答】文章主要讨论了一种新的工作方式——使用电脑在家办公，因此D
（通过电脑使工作空间扩大）是
34.【答案】A
【详细解答】从文中第五段句子“Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time ”可知选项
A
35.【答案】B
【详细解答】本题问的是哪一项是文章所给的使用计算机在家办公的例子。根据文章第四段中“A computer programmer ... stays in contact with her office via computer ”可知，只有
B
Passage Four
内容概要
:
36.【答案】A
【详细解答】文章第一段指出，当今世界很多地方还没有解决温饱问题，而人口的膨胀使这个问题在下一个十年会变得更加严重。文章还提出，通过发展灌溉和交通，这个问题有望得到缓解。故应选A
37.【答案】D
【详细解答】文章提到将用于军备的钱用于和平的目的，能够减少税收、改善居住条件、解决温饱问题。只有D
未被提到，故应选D 38.【答案】B
39.【答案】B
【详细解答】根据文章最后一句话，在目前情况下，学校常常不得不教育孩子们，以期在孩子的心目中制造对假想敌人的仇恨，故选B 。 40.【答案】C
【详细解答】根据上下文，此处探讨的是有些地区面临的温饱问题，故只有C
Part
本文第一段适合使用举例法，说明现代生活中人们要承受哪些压力。第二段要注意从身心两方面（physically and psychologically ）说明压力的影响，因为第三段要谈如
何缓解压力，故在此应侧重负面影响，而对正面影响可以一带而过。第三段提出解
Pressure in Modern Life
People are faced with more and more pressure in modern life. Adults have to compete with one another for better jobs, higher pays, desirable prizes and opportunities of promotion. Even small children have to compete in order to obtain opportunities to receive better education. Therefore, life in the modern society is quite stressful.Although pressure can motivate people to make greater efforts in their work and study, it does a lot of harm to people ’s physical and psychological health. For example, people easily get tired under pressure. And constant pressure contributes to many other negative aspects of mental state, such as irritability, tension, gloominess, restlessness, etc.
It is necessary to relax yourself and get rid of the negative consequences of pressure. For example, when you are having too much pressure, it is advisable to listen to some light music or take part in some sports activities. It is also helpful to talk to a close friend about what is on your mind, or take a trip so that your attention can be diverted from the task for some time. All these activities can help you to reduce pressure and handle tasks
more effectively and efficiently.
10
adjust:调整，校准；适应
mobile: carry: 传送，输送 issue: deserve: 值得，应该享有，名副其实
approach:后面接介词
to release:
convey:
advisable:
complicated:
4 break off ：
take to ：
call for ： 应当，需要（采取某行动），要求（有）
at random ： 随便地，任意地……
中国名校六级密卷(3)
上海外国语大学新闻传播学院 李美
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild （行会）. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called “popular science” makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them
commonplace.
21.Special words used in technical discussion____.
A) never last long
B) should be confined to scientific fields
C) may become part of common speech
D) are considered artificial language speech
22.It is true that____.
A) everyone is interested in scientific findings
B) the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language
not meant for him
C) an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms
D) various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons 23.In recent years,there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the
terminology of____. A) fishery B) farming C) government D) sports 24.The writer of the article
was, undoubtedly ____.
A) a linguist B) an attorney
C) a scientist D) an essayist
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e5754018.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
电气工程及自动化专业考研学校科目 北京工业大学 421自动控制原理 复试：1、电子技术2、计算机原理 北京航空航天大学 [双控] 432控制理论综合或433控制工程综合 [检测] 433控制工程综合或436检测技术综合 [系统] 431自动控制原理或451材料力学或841概率与数理统计 [模式] （自动化学院）433控制工程综合或436检测技术综合、（宇航学院）423信息类专业综合或431自动控制原理或461计算机专业综合 [导航] （自动化学院）432控制理论综合或433控制工程综合、（宇航学院）431自动控制原理 复试：无笔试。1) 外语口语与听力考核；2) 专业基础理论与知识考核；3) 大学阶段学习成绩、科研活动以及工作业绩考核；4) 综合素质与能力考核 北京化工大学 440电路原理 复试：综合1(含自动控制原理和过程控制系统及工程)、综合2(含自动检测技术装置和传感器原理及应用)、综合3(含信号与系统和数字信号处理) 注：数学可选择301数学一或666数学（单） 北京交通大学 [双控/检测]404控制理论 [模式]405通信系统原理或409数字信号处理 复试： [电子信息工程学院双控]常微分方程 [机械与电子控制工程学院检测]综合复试（单片机、自动控制原理） [计算机与信息技术学院模式] 信号与系统或操作系统 北京科技大学 415电路及数字电子技术(电路70%，数字电子技术30%) 复试：1.数字信号处理2.自动控制原理 3.自动检测技术三选一 北京理工大学 410自动控制理论或411电子技术（含模拟数字部分） 复试：微机原理+电子技术（初试考自动控制理论者）、微机原理+自动控制理论（初试考电子技术者）、运筹学+概率论与数理统计。 北京邮电大学 [双控][模式]404信号与系统或410自动控制理论或425人工智能 [检测]407电子技术或410自动控制理论 复试： [双控]数据结构控制与智能
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
江南大学食品化学考博历年题收集资料收集食品化学 2004前有1套 2004年 春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 2005年 春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 2006年 春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 2007年 春季博士学位研究生入学考试题秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 2008年春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 2009年 春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(停) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题 2010年春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(停) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(要 考;2010,3,21) 2004年前春季考博入学考试 1 如何采用食品化学原理解决一个食品加工和储藏中的实际问题。 2 蛋白质的水合作用取决于哪些因素。 3 举出一个食品中重要的含硫糖苷的例子，它具有什么重要的意义。 4 写出一种还原性的二糖和一种非还原性二糖的结构。 5 简述食品化学的定义。 6 简述疏水相互作用。
7 用乳糖酶水解牛乳中的乳糖，如果酶制剂中含有蛋白酶活力，那么肉眼可以观察到被处理的牛乳法生了什么变化，为什么, 8 测定米氏常数方程中的米氏常数有什么实际意义。 9 用反应式表示过氧化物酶催化的反应，并用化学结构式表示两种底物(各举 一例) 10 写出5个影响食品脂类氧化的因素。 11 为什么在面包改良剂中加入大豆粉(含脂类氧化酶) 12写出果胶物质的结构。 13 在矿物质强化方面哪一种元素受到关注，目前普遍使用的是哪一种化合物 以达到强化此元素的目的，还存在哪些问题, 14 在叶绿素酶作用下叶绿素发生什么变化,然而导致植物丧失绿色的原因肯可能是其它的因素，请简述。 15 动物被宰后，体内ATP转化成呈味核苷酸，请描述这个过程(不必写出每种物质的结构式) 16 写出5种食品防腐剂的结构。 17 小麦面粉中最重要的蛋白质是哪四类，哪两类蛋白质的变化影响面筋的结 构和性质。 18 写出甲基纤维素、羧丙基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素的结构(一个构成单元) 19 写出3种抗抗氧化剂(针对脂类氧化)的结构和两种助氧化剂的名称。 20 写出分子流动性(Nm)决定的5种食品性质。 2004年春季博士学位研究生入学考试题 考试科目:食品化学(共1页) 注意事项:共20题，每题5分。答题务必简明扼要，并注意书写整洁。 1 写 出纤维素(MC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPMC)和羧甲基纤维素分子片段的结构式。 2 写出β,环糊精的结构式，并简述它在食品中的应用。 3 指出5种有分子流动性(Mm)决定的食品性质。 4 写出食品水分活度的定义，并描述一种测定小试样水分活度的方法。 5 写 出四种影响商品脂肪稠度的因素。
1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 你是否同意或不同意以下声明？家长是最好的老师。使用具体原因和例子来支持你的答案。 Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers. 显然，我们最早的老师，在大多数情况下，我们的生活是我们的父母，他们是最普遍的发展和子女教育工作。然而，也不是所有家长好老师，也不是那些好父母最好的老师。 First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. 首先，并非所有家长都好老师。作为正常人，一些家长或多或少有坏习惯。尽管父母几乎本能地致力于培养他们的后代，其结果可能会变成失望而归，往往所有儿童都能自觉或不自觉从他们的父母复制每一件事。另一个家长缺乏的是，大部分家长对教育的共同感觉，缺乏教师。我们常常看到一些父母往往追求，迫使其子女在预先安排的发展方向，他们所珍惜的，但未能梦想。具有讽刺意味的，如果子女没有遵循指示，孩子就被视为不听话或据称反叛。事实上，这是家长，而不是他们的孩子， Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than ever before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. 此外，一些家长有资格好老师，但不是所有这些都是最好的。当他们在初步学校的，这并不奇怪，父母是孩子的教学，几乎每一个问题甚至比在学校专业教师做得更好。但情况不会持续太久。我们在那里知识的增多，同时积累了生活的世界变得越来越专业化。因此，是在某一领域的专业今日需时较长的时间比以往任何时候。家长们能在所有领域的专业，虽然他们可能在一个或多个领域的专家。明智的家长往往释放，而不是他们的孩子负责尽早。他们都明白了家庭以外的可能性。 Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einstein's mother and Forest Gump's mother are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers. 家长仍可以帮助他们的孩子更比好老师。大部分地区的儿童教育几乎超出教师达到。这是家长的补充。心理学研究告诉我们，父母的爱，有时有惊人的神奇力量给子女。爱因斯坦的母亲和阿甘正传的母亲都是很好的例子。另一方面，家长可以做他们的孩子受到伤害比也差的教师。那些其父母已离婚儿童的性质往往严重扭曲。总之，这是十分肤浅的简单地说，家长是最好的老师。 [404 words] 2. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? 有人说，“并不是所有的教训是在书本中。”比较和对比中取得的经验与知识，从书本上获得的经验。在您看来，这是更重要的来源？为什么？ Both experiences and books are very essential resources, and both of them have relevant merits. 双方的经验和书籍是非常重要的资源，他们都有相关的优点。
江南大学现代远程教育第三阶段测试卷考试科目:《管理会计》第九章至第十三章（总分100分） 时间：90分钟 学习中心（教学点）批次：层次： 专业：学号：身份证号： 姓名：得分： 一、填空（把答案填在题中的横线上。每空1分，共10分。） 1、为了制定企业战略，高层管理者必须分析企业的内外环境，明确企业的优势、劣势、 机会和威胁，简称为SWOT分析。 2、作业成本计算法，可以归纳为“作业消耗资源，产品消耗作业”。 3、采用标准成本进行帐户处理时，对产品的标准成本与成本差异应分别进行核算。 4、责任会计的主要内容可以分为责任会计制度的建立和实施两大部分。 5、企业在竞争中取胜的战略主要有低成本战略、高差异战略和集中型战略。 二、单选（选出一个正确答案填入题中的括号里。每题1分，共10分。） 1、战略管理会计对投资方案的评价除了定量分析模型以外，还应用了大量的（ B ）方法。 A、统计分析； B、定性分析； C、数学分析； D、净现值分析。 2、滚动预算是一种自始至终保持十二个月的预算幅度的预算，故又称为（ C ）。 A、固定预算； B、弹性预算； C、永续预算； D、变动预算。 3、计算数量差异要以（ A ）为基础。 A、标准价格； B、实际价格； C、标准成本； D、实际成本。 4、（ D ）是企业内部在一定责任范围内控制成本、使用资金、实现收益的单位。 A、成本中心； B、利润中心； C、投资中心； D、责任中心。 5、预计期初存货50件，期末存货40件，本期销售250件，则本期生产量为（ C ）件。 A、260； B、250件； C、240件； D、230件。 6、在现代制造业中，（ C ）的比重极大地增加，结构也彻底发生了改变。 A、直接人工； B、直接人工； C、间接费用； D、期间费用。 7、（ B ）是其他预算的起点。 A、生产预算； B、销售预算； C、现金预算； D、财务预算。 8、直接人工的小时工资率标准，在采用计时工资制下就是（ B ）。 A、实际工资率； B、标准工资率； C、定额工资率； D、正常工资率。 9、对成本、收入、利润负责的是（ B）。
Personal/Professional 1. Tell me about yourself. Use three words to describe you. 2. How did you become interested in psychology? How did you become interested in (specific interest area)? 3. What would you be doing if you were not in psychology？ 4. What are your personal strengths? 5. What are your personal weaknesses? What have you done to deal with your shortcomings? 6. What are your goals after graduate school? In 5 years? 10 years? 7. What do you have to contribute to us? 8. Why should we accept you over other equally qualified candidates? 9. What do you do in your spare time? To relax? 10. Tell me about your interest in this area (geography)? 11. Describe the most embarrassing moment in your life. 12. How do you deal with conflict/stress? 13. What would a therapist say the most difficult thing about you? 14. What would a therapist say the best thing about you? 15. What difficulties have you encountered as an international student? 16. What you can bring to the cohort? 17. What do you like to do in your free time? 18. If you can write a book today, what would you write? 19. Tell me a time you are stressed out, and how you deal with it? 20. Tell me something that does not show on your application. 21. If you can have dinner and conversation with an celebraty, who would it want to be and why? What would you ask him? 22. What is the #1 question you would like me to ask you? Research 1. What would be your ideal research topic? 2. What are your research interests? How did you get interested in this topic? 3. What is the clinical relevance of your research? 4. How do you describe the relationship of research and practice? Clinical 1. What population do you want to work with and why? 2. What population have you worked with before? 3. What do you think would be your greatest strength as a therapist? 4. What about clinical work do you enjoy most? 5. What about clinical work do you enjoy least? 6. Talk about a case that you think you did a good job and why, and explain what you learned from it. 7. Talk about a case that you think you did not do a good job and why. 8. What is your theoretical orientation? What do you think of _____ approach?