Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy
I. New words and expression 生词和短语
A) Wisdom n.智慧（wise adj.英明的, 明智的, 聪明的）cut one’s wisdom teeth 开始懂事
-- He showed great wisdom. 他展示了非凡的智慧。-- He is a man of wisdom. = He is a wise man.
Spiritual adj.精神上的adj.非物质的, 精神的, 灵魂的）Spiritual life精神生活, spiritual need 精神上的需要
physical adj.身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的
spirited adj.精神饱满的, 生机勃勃的, 勇敢的-- a spirited girl 一个勇敢的女孩
low-spirited 沮丧的, high-spirited 兴奋的, public-spirited 热心公益的,
a spirited debate 热烈的辩论mental adj.心理的, 智力的
spirituous adj.酒精的, 含酒精的（liquor n.酒类）-- spirituous liquor 烈性酒
C) dignity n. respect that other people have for you or you have for yourself尊严（高贵）
lose one’s dignity 丢面子, 失去尊严
If you are afraid of losing your dignity, you can’t expect to learn to speak a foreign language.
你要是怕丢面子就别指望学好外语。
Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity. 她虽然很穷, 但没有失去她的尊严。Keep/stand on one’s dignity 保持自已的尊严
pocket one’s dignity [口]放下架子with great dignity 仪态大方
-- Ladies and gentlemen should always act with great dignity. 太太先生们的举止应该总是十分端庄体面的。
Dignify vt. Make sth or sb 使有尊严, 使高贵; Dignified adj.高贵的，有尊严的
D) deliberately adv. intentionally故意地（深思熟虑的, 考虑周到的）on purpose adv.故意He coughed on purpose to attract my attention.
E) consequence n.后果, 结果; in consequence 因此, 结果
in consequence of... 因为...的缘故, 由于take the consequences of…承担…责任
You have to take the consequences of the accidence.
Result 一种特殊的行动、运行或过程的结果Effect n.结果, 效果, 作用, 影响Outcome n.结果, 成果（自然的结果）-- The outcome of the election was in doubt then. 当时大选的结果还看不准。
F) afflict v. (fml)to make sb suffer either physical disease or mental problem使苦恼, 对…折磨; be afflicted with…受…的折磨He is afflicted with a disease (n.疾病, 病)
The disease mainly afflict men between 35-45 years old. 这种疾病主要发生在….身上。affliction n.痛苦, 苦恼; afflictive adj.带给人痛苦的, 苦恼的, 难受的
G) ease n.容易; with ease: without difficulties 熟练地, 轻而易举地
He won the competition with ease. 轻而易举的就赢得了比赛
at ease 安逸, 自由自在; be/feel ill at ease 局促不安, 心神不宁
put sb. at his ease 使某人宽心, 使某人感到无拘无束
The manager put his shop assistants at their ease. （shop assistant n.店员）
take one’s ease 安心, 放心-- I take my ease to study English here.
H) contempt n.蔑视，鄙视; in contempt of…不顾…
In contempt of his father’s objection he went aboard.（objection n.反对）
hold/have sb. in contempt 鄙视某人= look down upon sb
I hold him in contempt because he has nothing to do every day.
Contemptible adj.可鄙的, 不齿的, 可轻视的-- He is a contemptible person.
Contemptuous adj.轻蔑的, 傲慢的, 轻视的Contemptuously==with contempt
Despite n.轻视, 怨[憎]恨, 轻蔑, 侮辱
Scorn（n.轻蔑, 嘲笑）-- pour scorn on 不屑一顾, 嘲弄
Scornful（adj.轻视的，藐视的）-- Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 他轻蔑地看了她一眼, 告诉她说, 那件衣服卖出去了。
I) envious adj.嫉妒的（羡慕的）envy n. v.
be envious of sb for his success = be envious of sb’s success.忌妒(羡慕)某人的成功
jealous adj.妒忌的, 羡慕的, 吃醋的be jealous of (want sth that other people have)强调对对手的恶意。
She is jealous of our success. 她嫉妒我们的成就。
1. value: worth
2. estimate: assess
3. perform: do
4. possess: have, own
5. grudge: to be unwilling to
6. precisely: exactly
7. skills: abilities
Text 课文
What is the most important thing for a tramp? Freedom is the most important.
There are two paragraphs, in the second one involves the tramp, but the first sentence of the 2nd paragraph “Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule”, which the first paragraph talked about tells us the necessity of the first paragraph. The beginning of the first paragraph It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. 开宗民意. The last sentence又重申Everyone has something to sell. Actually the second paragraph explain why Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. It explained how they are different from all of us especially beggar.
?1. It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.
It is said that…据说…
Live by doing sth: keep sb alive by doing sth 求生
课文后面出现了：He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive.=…by stealing, …
Live by = to make enough money to feed oneself
Live by…以某种职业为生; Live on…依*某种食物维持生命, 或*某人生活。Sheep and cows live on grasses. He lives chiefly on fruit. （Chiefly adv.首要, 主要地）Though he is over thirty, he still lives on his parents.
?2. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. 鉴于这种说法
In the light of…considering, because of 鉴于，按照, 根据, 考虑到, 从...的观点
In the light of the recent accident, we are considering our decision. 由于最近的事故，我们在重新考虑…
In the light of = according to = taking into account
The theory has been abandoned in the light of modern discovery.
In the light of the evidence it was decided to take the manufacturers to court.(n.法院, 庭院)
In accordance with... 依照…(用在法律上, 更加正式)
In accordance with the law, In accordance with the regulation (n.规则, 规章)
?3. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money（如果按照金钱来衡量）, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
in terms of: according to 按照, 在...方面, 就…而言, 关于
In terms of the customer satisfaction, the policy should not be criticized. 如果从让顾客满意的角度讲，这个政策并没有什么可批评的。
He thinks of every thing in terms of people’s interests.他依据(按照)人民的利益考虑任何事。In terms of = in respect of（关于, 就…来说）, with respect to（关于, 至于, 谈到）
= in/with regard to（关于）, as regards（关于, 至于）
Estimate: to evaluate，notice it is not necessarily objective or exact 不一定客观或确切
It is difficult to estimate how many deaths are caused by passive smoking each year.
很难估计出来每年由于被动吸所烟造成的死亡究竟有多少。
Perform：means do, but formal than do, often followed by a(an)
service/operation/experiment/function
Computer can perform many different tasks. 电脑可以完成很多任务。
?4. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.
There are times when…：there are cases when…/ sometimes 有的情形下，有时…
There are times when I wish I did have a job.有的时候我真希望自己没有工作。
Would表达一种心理的愿望, 并不表示过去。
There are time when we would willingly give everything we possess to bring our family happiness.
Grudge doing sth: means be unwilling to do sth vt.吝啬, 不愿给, 勉强给（后面要和名词和动名词搭配）
-- I grudge wasting time on this. 我不愿在这件事上浪费时间。
-- He grudge paying so much money for such bad food.
I really grudge paying for such poor service.真不情愿为这么差的服务付钱。
Precisely：exactly used to emphasize (this service of saving our lives)
Whenever I told him what to do, he does precisely the opposite.当我让他做什么的时候，他偏偏不这么做
?5. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
Such: pron. Refers to the sub-clause introduced by that skills have to be paid for in the same way 技术要付钱来买。
The nature of his job is such that he had to tell no one about it.
工作性质就是这样，他不能告诉任何人
His manner was such as to offend everyone around him.
他的举止行为以至于冒犯了身边的每一个人
in the same way that…: 比较两个东西的相同之处
The conditions of society are such = Such are the conditions of society
?6. Beggars almost sell themselves as human being to arouse the pity of passers-by.
Arouse：often followed by such words as interest, fear, anger, dislike (expressing feelings)
His behavior was arousing the interest of his neighbors. 他的行为正在引起他的邻居的注意。?7. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.
In seeking independence = In the course of seeking independence （seek: look for, but more formal）
This is the time for the new graduates to seek jobs. 现在是新毕业生找工作的时间。
In和动名词搭配, 表示在…的过程当中。-- In speaking to him, I found that he stammers.（v.口吃, 结巴着说出）
On和动名词搭配, 表示一…就…
In crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.
在进入大厅的时候, 我注意到我的鞋带松了。
-- On crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.
一进入大厅的时候, 我就注意到我的鞋带松了。
?8. He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences。choose to：to decide to do sth I chose to ignore his rudeness. 决定对他的粗暴不予理睬
be fully/ perfectly aware of sth / that
Most of the smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking.
Most of the smokers are aware that smoking is dangerous.
?9. He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.
be free from…: be without 不受…的影响, 免于...（= without）-- The old lady is never free from pain.
free from error/ anxiety/disease/difficulty/obligations 没有错误/忧虑/疾病/困难/义务
He is leading a life free from care and anxieties. 过着一种无忧无虑的生活。
?10. Make it possible for sb to do sth
?11. in the open：outdoors It feels good in the open after working in the office all day. 在室外舒服
?12. but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care
Care: means worry … their freedom from care: they don’t have to worry about anything.
You look as if you have all the cares of the world on your shoulders.你似乎在为全世界人操心。ellipsis and Repetition 省略与重复
teachers live by selling knowledge，philosophers （）by selling wisdom and priests（）by selling spiritual comfort. by selling 都是相同的所以live省略了
By having to sleep in the open，he gets far closer to the world of nature t ever do.
Ever do== he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever get. 前后动词相同，所以省
The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. 语法结构不同，所以不能省
He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.强调“过着他过着的”
He may hunt，beg，or stead occasionally to keep himself alive；he may even，in times of real need，do a little work；but he will never sacrifice his freedom. Parallelism 排比句式，强调freedom is the most important thing.
In a sense, a text is trying to free us from stereotypes, it first surprises us by defining our social relationship of as one of buying and selling which is quite a radical view. We often mix tramps with beggars. The author tells us beggars sell their dignity, while tramps never sacrifice it. In this sense tramps are romanticized which is beautified by the author. In fact, it is rare, in the west, in some works of western writers, the heroes are described as a tramp free from social conventions, free from material constrains. 摆脱社会习俗，不受物质的羁绊。And also represent a simple life style and closer to nature. At the end of the text, the author said all of us might feel envious of the tramps’ life style.我们为什么没有勇气选择这种自由why don’t we choose to lead such a life?
Maybe the price for freedom as well must be more expensive than relationship of buying and selling.
II. Read the passage two or three time. Make sure you understand it. And then in not more than 80 words describe what happened from the time when the car got past the boulders to the moment it stopped in the shallow pool (Para3). Use your own words as far as possible.
1. Write a list of points (in note form).
2. Connect your points to write a rough draft of the summary. Try to use your own words as far as
possible, not only making extracts (摘抄) from the passage. Don’t count the number of the words until you have finished the rough draft.
3. In the rough draft, you are likely to go well over the words limit. Correct your draft carefully,
bringing the number of words down to the set limit.
III. Summary-writing points
1. Real tramps---not beggars---sell nothing---require nothing
2. They seek independence---not sacrifice human dignity
3. Tramps choose their way of life---aware of consequences
4. May not know---next meal---but not worries others have
5. Can travel easily---few possessions
6. Sleep in the open---close to nature
IV. Summary
Unlike beggars, real tramps have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. Although they seek independence, they will not sacrifice their human dignity. They choose their own way of life and are aware of the consequences. They may not know where the next meal is coming from, but they do not have the worries that others have. They can travel easily because they have few possessions and when they sleep in the open they are close to nature.
(79 words)
V. Letter writing
I know I wrote to you only a few weeks ago, but I am writing this time to ask if you can help me. Do you think I can get a job in the UK for a few months? I don’t mind doing almost anything---as long as it is not too hard. I could work in a hotel or a restaurant, for example, but I couldn’t work on a building site!
I need money to help to pay for a holiday that I am planning to take next year in Australia. But
a visit to the UK would also help me improve my English.