第2次作业
一、阅读理解单项选择题(本大题共100分，共5小题，每小题20分) 1.
How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, uni ike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations 一一the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of word that mean something to us increases.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call 1iterary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.
(1).
The origin of language .
A.
is reflected in sounds and letters
B.
is handed down from generation to generation
C.
dates back to the pre-historic period
is a problem not yet solved
(2).
According to the passage, words arc A.
visual letters
B.
represented by sounds
c.
represented either by sounds or letters D.
signs called letters
(3).
The power of words 1 ies in their .
A.
beauty
B.
accuracy
associations
D.
charm
(4).
The secret of a writer" s success is the use of words that A.
recall to us the glad and sad events of our past
B.
arc arranged in a creative way
c.
are as beautiful as music
D.
agree with certain 1iterary style
(5).
The author of the passage advises us .
A.
to use words carefully and accurately
not to use silly and vulgar words
c.
to become a master of words
D.
to use emotional words
2.
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching al lows the students to grow as people develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education al lows students to be responsible for their own education, as they arc responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom.
But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students wil1 do 1ittle in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about
the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of student. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools.
You now know what open education is.Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of
course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want
to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
(1).
Open education allows the students to .
A.
grow as the educated
B.
be responsible for their future
c.
develop their own interests
D.
discover subjects outside class
(2).
Open education may be a good idea for the students who .
A.
enjoy learning
B.
worry about grades
c.
do well in a traditional classroom
are responsible for what they do in life
(3).
Some students will do little in an open classroom because A.
there are too few rules
B.
they hate activities
c.
open education is similar to the traditional education D.
they worry about the rul es
(4).
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A.
Some traditional teachers do not like it.
B.
Many teachers do not believe in open education.
Teachers may have problems in open classrooms.
D.
The teacher" s feelings and attitudes are important to the students. (5).
Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A.
Open education is a really complex idea.
B.
Open education is better than traditional education.
c.
Teachers dislike open education.
D.
The writer thinks that open education is a good idea in practice.
3.
Reading time: 5 minutes
The True Story of a Young Man
When Reginald Lindsay received a scholarship to Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, what he wanted most was a good job with a good salary.
But soon he became interested in the civil rights movement. At present he has a plan which he hopes will take him to Congress as a southern representative.
Now in his first year at Harvard Law School, Reg is making careful plans. After earning his degree, he expects to return to the South to practice law among the poor. 〃I want to help them understand what their rights are and to help them achieve them, 〃 he says. Then he hopes to run for political office at the local and state level until he is ready to try
for Congress.
Reg grew up in a low-income Negro section of Birmingham, Alabama.
Brought up by his grandparents after his parents were divorced while he was very young, Reg has been 1iving through a period of far- reaching progress in race relations. In the summer of 1968 Reg himself became a good example of this progress when he became the first Negro student appointed to a special new program. The program introduces bright young students to the workings of the Georgia State government and encourages them to seek employment there after finishing their education. 〃I've been lucky," he says. 〃I seem to have been in the right place at the right time. 〃
But luck is only part of Reg's story, for he has made the most of opportunities that came his way. He learned to read in kindergarten and began visiting the public library regularly to borrow books. His grandparents encouraged him, though neither of them had much education, and they bought him a set of encyclopedias. 〃1 loved those books, 〃 he re- members. 〃I used to come downstairs before breakfast and read short articles. I enjoyed reading about famous men, and then T would pretend to be one of them. T guess it was partly a childish game and partly an escape. Tt wasn't too much fun to be a Negro when I was a kid. 〃
While studying for his bachelor" s degree at Morehouse College, Reg worked on several political campaigns helping candidates get elected to government offices. At the same time he maintained a 〃B〃 average while majoring in political science. He worked as a student advisor to earn extra money for his college expenses, and he was granted a scholarship for a year of study at the University of Valencia in Spain.
With just two more years to complete at Harvard Law School, which also gave him a scholarship, Reg has made a good start on his
professional career. He says, 〃The good life for me is the kind of life where 1 can find satisfaction in public service.，z
When Mr. Lindsay received a scholarship to Morehouse College, he wanted to
A.
become a southern representative in Congress
B.
participate in the civil rights movement
c.
get a good job wi th good pay
D.
help candidates get elected to government office
(2).
We learn from the passage that Lindsay
A.
spent his childhood with his grandparents
B.
loved to read history books
C.
had well-educated grandparents
learned to read after his parents divorced
(3).
Lindsay felt that
A.
reading about famous men would help him to succeed
B.
pretending to be a famous person was a way to escape from the realities of life
c.
reading in the public library was a good way to educate himself
D.
reading widely would provide him with many opportunities in the future
(4).
In Lindsay's time, .
A.
there was a great improvement in race relations
B.
black people were still looked down upon
C.
the Georgia State government encouraged black students to work for it D.
it was impossible for blacks to enter famous universities
(5).
According to the passage, Lindsay's purpose in life was to
A.
become a famous 1awyer
B.
be elected to political office at the local level
c.
get another scholarship to study abroad
D.
serve the public
4.
Some children are backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this
is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to mop up(吸4攵)language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn more readily. Tf these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring ski 11s passes and they might never be 1 earned so easi 1 y again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late
in a child who eventually turns out to be of high TQ （Intel 1igence Quotient 智商）. At twelve weeks a baby smi1es and utters vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and under- stand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of thirty to fifty words. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man，s brain, compared with that for the monkey, is the complex system which enables a chi Id to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy-bear with the sound pattern "teddy- bear”. And even more incredible （不可思议）is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub（喧哗）of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.
But speech has to be triggered（触发），and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the cues and signal s in the child's babbl ing,（咿咿呀呀）cl inging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child" s non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.
（1）.
The reason some chiIdren are backward in speaking today is that .
A.
they do not listen carefully to their mothers
B.
their brains have to absorb too much language at once
c.
their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak
D.
their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them (2).
By "critical times" the author means .
A.
difficult periods in the child，s life
B.
moments when the child becomes critical towards its mother c.
important stages in the child's development
D.
times when mothers often neglect their chi 1dren
(3).
Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?
A.
The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
Children do not need to be encouraged to speak.
c.
The child，s brain is highly selective.
D.
Most children learn their language in definite stages.
(4).
It the mother does not respond to her child，s signals A.
the child will never be able to speak properly
B.
the child will stop giving out signals
c.
the chi Id wi11 invent a language of i ts own
D.
the child will make little effort to speak
A.
By the age of a year and a half the child's vocabulary is still under 100 words.
B.
By the age of four children still make many grammatical mistakes.
c.
The author does not believe that children select and analyse their language.
D.
All children of high IQ start to speak early.
5.
Ants have outsmarted me on more than one occasion. In particular, there was a weekend last summer when an ant scientist was a guest at our cottage. I boasted to my naturalist friend that I could store food in an open container for a whole week and keep it safely out of the reach of house ants.
Sunday night the experiment got under way. T put a large wooden tub on the kitchen floor of our cottage. After filling it to about the three-quarters mark with water, I placed a high wooden stand in the middle of it. On top of the stool, I put a saucer containing the bait: three or four pieces of rich chocolate candy.
Then I painted a wide band of very slow-drying glue around the outside of the wooden tub. With that, I stood back and admired my ant trap, fully confident that the bait would be untouched upon my return to the cottage the fol lowing weekend.
When my naturalist friend and I entered the cottage just six days later, ants were swarming over the bait!
Here" s how they put me to shame. Single files of ants had marched head-on into the band of glue around the outside of the wooden tub. A handful
of them had endured martyrdom, for they had embedded themselves end to end, and made causeways of their bodies. The tempting bait on top of the stool must have caused the 1 ittle creatures to use their brains to the limit. Ants hate water, but they had been courageous enough to build a highway across the stretch of water to a leg of the stool. They had assembled tiny pieces of grass and bits of wood no longer than a thirty-second of an inch, and had glued them together with saliva until their bridge extended from shore to island. Once they reached the leg of the wooden stool, traffic was almost all one way toward the chocolate bait.
But there were some show-off fellows around, too; they were doing things which ants have been known to do very rarely. We noticed that a half dozen or so were walking across the ceiling, and when they came directly over the bait they let themselves fall squarely into the middle of their merry brothers.
It is little wonder that I have been on the trail of ants ever since, trying to trip them up or at least learn some of the special tactics that they use.
(1).
The writer wanted to convince his friend that .
A.
he knew more about ants than the scientist
B.
he could keep ants away from food
c.
ants arc more intelligent than human beings
D.
he could make experiments with ants
(2).
The experiment was carried out in.
A.
the laboratory
B.
an unused shed
c.
the kitchen
D.
the living-room
(3).
When the writer and his friend entered the cottage six days later, they found.
A.
a lot of ants eating the chocolate candy
B.
dead ants everywhere
c.
swarms of ants marching around the tub
D.
swarms of ants walking across the ceiling (4).
The bait was.
A.
in the middle of the water
B.
kept on the water
c.
at the top of the tub
D.
on a stool in the tub
(5).
The ants managed to get over glue by.
A.
marching courageously across it
B.
going round it in single files
c.
covering it with their bodies
D.
making a bridge with grass and wood
答案:
、阅读理解单项选择题（100分，共5题，每小题20分）1.
(1). D (2). C (3). C (4). A (5). A
2.
(1). C (2). B (3). A (4). D (5). A
3.
(1). C (2). A (3). B (4). A (5). D
4.
(1). C (2). C (3). B (4). D (5). A
5.
(1). B (2). C (3). A (4). D (5). C