1.sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
2. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise运动，锻炼(不可数)，exercises练习(可数)，practice(反复做的)练习take exercise 做运动
3. work, job
二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数a good job，What interesting work it is!
4. cook, cooker
cook厨师，cooker厨具He is a good cook.
5. police, policeman
police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house.
6. problem, question
problem常和困难联系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer连用
7. price, prize
price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize The price is high/low.
8. a number of, the number of
a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.
9. in front of, in the front of
in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面A boy sits in the front of the room.
10. next year, the next year
next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语
He said he would go abroad the next year.
11. in bed, on the bed
in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.
12. the people, a people
the people指人，a people指民族The Chinese is a peace-loving people.
13. it, one
it同一物体，one同类不同一I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
14. that, this
that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的I was ill. That's why…
15. none, nothing, no one
none强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人
--- How many…/How much…? --- None.
16. anyone, any one
anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人/物均可，可接of, any one of you
17. who, what
who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位What is your dad? He is a teacher.
18. what, which
what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择
Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
19. other, another
other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数other students, another student
20. many, much, a lot of
many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句I haven't many books.
21. much more…than, many more…than
much more…than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more…than后接可数名词many more people, much more water, much more beautiful
22. no, not
no=not a/any, no friend=not a/any friend, no water=not any water
23. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself
by oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的
24. at all, after all
at all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟After all he is a child.
25. tall, high
tall常指人或动物，high常指物体He is tall.
26. fast, quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快run fast, answer the question quickly
27. high, highly
high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的think highly of(高度赞扬)
28. sleeping, asleep, sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的
a sleeping baby，The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.
29. real, true
real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合real gold, a true story
30. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant常用作定语，pleased常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，a pleasant trip，be pleased with…对…感到满意/开心
31. ill, sick
ill做表语，sick定语、表语均可a sick boy, He is sick/ill.
32. good, well
good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词He is well again.
33. hard, hardly
hard努力，hardly几乎不work hard, I can hardly believe it.
34. excited, exciting
excited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的I'm excited. The news is exciting.
35. before long, long before
before long不久以后，long before很久以前
36. happy, glad
happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语a happy girl, I’m happy/ glad to see you.
37. instead, instead of
instead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中
He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
38. too much, much too
too much 后接不可数名词，much too后接形容词much too heavy
39. raise, rise
raise及物动词，rise不及物动词The sun rises in the east. Raise your hand, please.
40. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetch a box of chalk
41. spend, take, pay, cost
spend人做主语，花钱，花时间; s pend…on sth./(in) doing sth; take物做主语，花时间; It takes sb some time to do sth.; pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱;sth cost some money
42. join, join in, take part in
join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员;join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in;
take part in 参加大型的活动He joined the army five years ago.
43. learn, study
learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究
study the problem
44. want, hope, wish
want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望(通常可以实现)，hope to do/ hope that… wish希望(通常不能实现)wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.
45. answer, reply
answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接to, reply to the letter
46. leave, leave for
leave离开，leave for前往He left Beijing for Shanghai.
47. drop, fall
drop及物\不及物均可，fall不及物动词Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.
48. win, lose, beat
win后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them
49. live on, live by
live on以…为主食，live by靠…谋生live on fish/ live by fishing
50. catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而have a cold可以
She has had a cold for a week.
51. change for, change into
change for调换成，change into变成Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
52. go for a doctor, go to a doctor
go for a doctor去请医生，go to a doctor去看病
53. arrive, get, reach
arrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词
arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing
54. agree with, agree to,
agree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree with you, agree to the plan, agree to do sth
55. receive, accept
receive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
56. wear, put on, dress
wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作
It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.
57. listen, hear
listen强调动作，hear强调结果I listened, but I heard nothing.
58. look, see, watch
look看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV
59. lie, lay
lie躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book
60. turn, get, grow
turn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化turn yellow, get tired, grow big
61. close, shut, turn off
close和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turn off用于指有开关的物体Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.
62. at, in (表地点)
at小地点，in大地点arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai
63. day after day, day by day
day after day日复一日(无变化);day by day一天天地(有变化)Trees grow taller day by day.
64. after, in (表时间)
after接时间点，in接时间段,用于将来时after 7:00, in five minutes
65. between, among
between两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间, among三者或三者以上之间Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.
66. through, across
through穿越空间，across在…上穿过through the forest, across the desert
67. above, on, over
above在上面，不接触，on在上面，接触，over在正上方fly over the hill
68. until, not…until
until到…为止，not…until直到…才(常跟点动词连用)I waited until 3:00.
He didn't come until 3:00.
69. besides, except
besides除了…还(包括在内)except除了(不包括在内)，
70. because, because of
because连词，连接两句话，because of后接词或短语
He didn't go to school because of his illness.
71. for example, such as
for example一般只列举一个，such as列举多个例子
I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago.
72. All right. That's all right. That's right.
All right好吧;That's all right.没关系;That's right. 那是对的---Sorry. --- That's all right.
73. such…that, so…that
当如此…以至于解时，such…that修饰名词，so…that修饰形容词或副词，
但名词前面如果有many, much, little, few修饰用so…that，不用such that
so many people that… such a lovely boy=so lovely a boy
74. Shall I…? Will you…?
Shall I…? 征求对方意见或向对方请示，意为我能…吗? Will you…?请求或建议对方做某事，意为你愿意…吗? Will you help me? Yes, I will.
vocabulary n. 词汇（可数名词） word n. 单词；话语 aloud adv. 出声地；大声地 （无比较级，反义词：quietly；silently）loudly adv.高声地；吵闹地 loud adv.响亮地 adj. 喧闹的; 响亮的 pronounce vt. 拼读；发音 pronunciation n. 发音法；拼读法 specific adj. 明确的；具体的 specifi cally adv. 明确地；具体地 special adj. 特殊的；特别的 specially adv. 专门地；特别地 especially adv. 特别；尤其；格外 particular adj. 非一般的；特别的；特殊的particularly adv. 尤其；特别地；特殊地 memorize vt. 记起来；熟记；回忆起memorization n. 记忆；回忆 gramm ar n. 语法 grammatically adv. 语法地；从语法角度来说， add A to B 把A添加/补充到B中 add up to + 数量总计达到… spoken English 英语口语 make a mistake = make mistakes by mistake错误地 by accident 偶然地，意外地 comma n. 逗号 period n. 句号 question mark n. 问号 challenge n. 挑战(复数challenges) vt. 挑战 solution. n. 解决方案；解答
later adv. 后来；一会以后 late adj. 晚；迟 adv. 晚；迟 lately adv. 近来；最近 latest adj. 最新的 realize v. 意识到；（某人）实现（梦想） Eg: Finally, Kelsy realized her dream. come true（某人的梦想）实现 Eg: Finally, her dream came true. matter vi. 起重要作用；要紧 Eg: I know Charles doesn't think this project is important, but it matters to me. afraid = terrified adj.害怕的；发愁的 be afraid of ... = be terrified of …畏惧/害怕… be afraid to do = be terrified to do 畏惧/害怕做… laugh at … = make fun of …取笑/嘲笑… complete vt.完成 adj. 完整的；完全的 completely adv完整地 childhood n. 童年 on duty 值班；值日 break off 突然中止；中断 break down 抛锚；出毛病 break up 分手 take a ride 兜风 take care 当心，注意；保重 sb. be sure of sth. sb. be sure to do sth. sb. Be sure that … it is certain(无疑; 确定) that certain adj. 某，某些，某个 Eg: comic n. 连环漫画，连环画杂志 patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人 patiently adv. 耐心地 at the end of … in the end take pride in … = be proud of … with pleasure可以用来应答对方的请求， Eg: “Would you mind holding the door open for me, please?” “Oh, with pleasure.” It’s a pleasure.或It’s my pleasure.是用来回答感谢时的答语。 pierce v. 刺穿；刺破 earring n. 耳环 opportunity n. 机会 chance n, 机会 experience n.经历；阅历（可数名词） 经验（不可数名词） vt. 体会，经历过 experienced adj. 有经验的 mess n. 混乱，脏乱 forget vt. 忘记 forgetful adj. 健忘的 用介词to搭配的词有： answer，key，reply to 3 tickets to a football match instead adv. 代替，更换，相反 newsletter n. 时事通讯，简报 achieve vt. 完成，实现 achievement n. 成就 real adj真实的 really adv. 事实上; 实际上; 真正地; realistic adj. 现实的，注重实效的
1.sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 2. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼(不可数)，exercises练习(可数)，practice(反复做的)练习take exercise 做运动 3. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数a good job，What interesting work it is! 4. cook, cooker cook厨师，cooker厨具He is a good cook. 5. police, policeman police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house. 6. problem, question problem常和困难联系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer连用 7. price, prize price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize The price is high/low. 8. a number of, the number of a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 9. in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面A boy sits in the front of the room. 10. next year, the next year next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.
初中易混淆词用法（考点+重点）辨析 (1)“Why not+动词原形+…?”(干嘛不……?)是简略句,完全形式是：Why don’t you +动词原形+…?如：Why not go and have a look?(干嘛不去看看？)/ Why not try it once again?(为什么不再试试？) (2) seem(好象)的用法：记住几个结构：①sb./sth. + seem + (to be+)形容词+…；②sb./sth. + seem + like +…；③sb/sth + seem + to (do)；④It seems that + 从句。如：He seemed (to be) very happy when he was called by the headmaster. (被校长叫到名字时他好象很开心) / It seems that nobody else could do such a foolish thing except Jim. (除了吉姆好象没有什么人会做出如此愚蠢的事情来) (3)be afraid(害怕)的用法：记住几个结构：①be afraid of sth; be afraid of (doing); ②be afraid to (do); ③be afraid that+从句。如：She is a little afraid of snakes.(她有点怕蛇)/ Don’t be so afraid to stay at home alone at night.(别害怕晚上一个人在家)/ I’m afraid that somebody will take his place because of his serious mistakes.(恐怕有人要取代他了,因为他犯了那么大的错误) (4) be sorry(抱歉)的用法：记住几个结构：①be sorry for (sth); ②be sorry for (doing sth); ③be sorry to (do); ④be sorry that+从句。如：I am very sorry for keeping you waiting so long.(不好意思让你久等了)I am sorry to trouble you.(对不起,麻烦你了)/ I am sorry (that) he isn’t here at the moment.(恐怕他现在不在) (5)be sure (确信)的用法：记住几个结构：①be sure of (sth); ②be sure to(do); ③be sure that+从句。如：She told me many times that she was sure to come.(她给我讲过多次她一定会来的) / Are you sure of your answer?Maybe it’s wrong.(你对你的答案有把握吗？也许是错的。)/ I am sure that Dad will help me with the job.(我确信爸爸会帮着我做这件事情的) (6) make与do的用法：一般情况下表示进行活动或者做工作用do,表示创造建构某事物用make.如：I don’t know what to do.(我不知道该干什么)/ I’m not going to do any work.(我不准备做什么)/ My father and I once made a boat.(我和我爸曾经做过一只船) 此外还要记住一些固定说法：do good / harm / business / one’s best / a favour…… make a decision / an effort / a mistake / a noise / a phone call / money / war / the bed / sure,...
初中英语易混淆单词 1：pronounce 发.......音，pronunciation 发音 2：hard adj.& adv. 硬的；辛苦地，努力地hardly adv.几乎不 3：change v. 改变chance n. 机会 4：feel （felt）v. 感觉，感到fall（fell）v. 落下 5：sleepy （feel sleepy）adj. 困倦的asleep （fall asleep）adj. 睡着的 6：different adj.不同的difference n.不同点 7：important adj.重要的importance n.:重要性 8：confident adj. 自信的confidence n.想、自信 9：distant adj. 远的distance n.距离 10：appear v.出现appearance n.出现，外貌 11：difficult adj.难的difficulty n.难点 12：expect v. 期望except prep.除.........之外accept v.接收 13：though adv.$conj. 尽管；虽然through adv.&prep 穿过 thought n.想法v.think 的过去式 14：pass v.经过，通过past adj.过去的n. 过去 15：sometimes 有时some times 几次sometime 某个时候some time 一段时间16：shake v.动摇snake n.蛇snack n.小吃 17：quite adv.相当quiet adj.安静的quick adj.快的 18：affect v.影响effect n.结果，影响effort n.努力 19：dessert n.甜食desert n.沙漠v.放弃 20：costume n.服装custom n.习惯 21：chicken n.鸡kitchen n.厨房 22：steal （stole，stolen）v.偷steel n.钢 23：decide v.决定decision n.决定 24：discuss v.讨论discussion n.讨论 25：express v.表达expression n.表达 26：invite v.邀请invitation n.邀请 27：imagine v.想象imagination n.想象 28：organize v.组织organization n.组织 29：communicate v.交流communication n. 交流 30：operate v.操作operation n.交流 31：create v.创造creation n.创造creative adj.有创造力的 32：attract v.吸引attraction n.吸引attractive adj.吸引人的 33：translate v.翻译translation n.翻译 34：celebrate v.庆祝celebration n.庆祝 35：pollute v.污染pollution n.污染 36：invent v. 发明invention n. 发明inventor n.发明家 37：produce v.制造production n.制造 38：introduce v.介绍introduction n.介绍 39：tradition n.传统traditional adj.传统的traditionally adv.传统地
中考词汇辨析 §1 a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换，但有时不能。 Ⅰ．二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时，意义相同，为“一点儿”“有些”。如： ①I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。 ②He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。 Ⅱ．二者都可以作名词词组，充当主语或宾语。如： ①A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。 ②I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。 Ⅲ。a little可直接修饰名词；a bit后须加of才可以。如： ①.There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle. [注意]a little of后的名词通常特指，表“……中的一些”，如： ①May I have a little of your tea? Ⅳ. 否定形式not a little 作状语，相当于very/ quite, “很”，“非常”；作定语和宾语时，相当于much, 意为“许多”。而not a bit 作状语时，相当于not at all, 意为“一点也不”，作宾语时则相当于not much. Eg: ①He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。 ②He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。 ③She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。 Ⅴ. Not a bit中的not 可以分开使用；not a littl e中的not 则不能分开。Eg: ①He felt not a bit tired. = He didn’t feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。 ②He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说：He didn’t fell a little tired. §2 a few/ few/ a little/ little Ⅰ. a few和few修饰可数名词，a little和little修饰不可数名词；a few和a little表示肯定意义，few和little表示否定意义，可受only修饰。如： ①Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous. ②This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it. ③T here is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some ④Don’t worry, we have a little time left. §3above/over/on/upon Ⅰ. 方位介词，“在……之上” Ⅱ. above 着重指：在……上方，不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为：below. ①The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。 ②The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。 Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面，或铺在……上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under. ①Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。 Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。 ①The book is on the desk. ②There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。 Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别，但较正式，口语中较少用。 ①He laid his hand upon the boy’s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。 [注]up 与以上几个不同，它表示向上方或高处，含有由下而上，由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时，表示在上方或高处。 ①We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。 ②The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。 §4accept/receive Ⅰ. accept “接受”，表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。 ①I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。
Phonological structure音系结构 Which sound units are used and how they are put together Phonological analysis 音系学分析 Take a word, replace one sound by another, and see whether a different meaning results. (minimal pairs Phonemic contrast The relation between 2 phonemes when they occur in the same environment and distinguish meaning Phonological rule 音系规则 a formal way of expressing a systematic phonologicalprocess or sound change in language. Assimilation Dissimilation 异化 A process where 2 identical or similar phonemes changes or displaces the other one Suprasegmental/Phonological features (syllable stress tone intonation Those aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments Syllable structure 音节结构(divided into rhyme and onset Componential analysis A way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. Grammatical construction 语法结构 The process of internal organization of a grammatical unit ( IC analysis Syntactic construction 句法结构 (endo/exo-centric construction Syntactic function 句法功能 Shows the relationship between a linguistic form and other parts of the linguistic pattern in which it is used Grammatical rule By which the grammaticality of a sentence is governed Grammatical relations The structural and logical functional relations of constituents Syntactic relations positional/substitutability/co-occurrence
中考题型分析整理 一、听力 二、单选 （一）冠词：基本用法、习惯用法以及活用（固定搭配） 定冠词：特指 the 不定冠词：泛指 a,an Tips：首先区分名词是单数还是复数，可数还是不可数，复数以及不可数名词表泛指的时候不加任何冠词，单数名词前面加不定冠词。 （二）名词：名词的数和格、名词词义辨析 名词的数和格 （1）名词的分类：可数、不可数 （2）可数名词的复数形式：单数、复数（单数变复数规则） 名词所有格 表示形式以及双重所有格 名词词义辨析 掌握近义词汇的区分使用，例如：problem与question
Tips：掌握词汇的意义，还要带入到具体语境中了解英语释义，在解题时语义应该优先于语法考虑；把名词放在语境中学习，排除汉语干扰（语境优先原则） (三)代词：人称代词、物主代词和反身代词；it的用法及指示代词；不定代词 人称代词 人称代词的主格和宾格（掌握一张表）、人称代词的用法（在句子中充当的成分）、人称代词的语序（几个人称代词并列充当主语时，它们的顺序是：单数形式（二，三，一），复数形式（一，二，三）） 物主代词 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词（表格），掌握用法以及在句子中可以充当的成分 反身代词 “self”，掌握反身代词的单复数形式以及用法、常用词组 it的用法 指示代词： 单数：this，that复数：these，those it，one，that作代词时的区别 it特指上文提到的同一对象或同一事物，同类且同物
one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物 That常用于比较级结构中，代替前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词，以避免重复 不定代词 掌握不定代词的用法以及区分（some,any,many,much,each,few,little,either,neither,both,all,none,等）Tips：明确指代：解题时分析题干，明确代词所指代的对象是人还是物；是可数还是不可数；是特指还是泛指；是两者还是两者以上；是肯定还是否定。理清思路：掌握人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词的用法，区别运用人称代词的主格及宾格；熟记名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”的用法；找出反身代词的逻辑主语。 （四）数词和介词：数词、常用介词的基本用法、介词及介词短语辨析 数词 基数词：表示方法、用法 序数词：序数词的构成、用法 常用介词的基本用法 表示时间的介词（at,in,on,after,before,until,during,by,since,from,for）
初中英语易混淆单词｛pronunciation n.发音 pronounce v.发……音 ｛hard adj.&adv.硬的；辛苦地 hardly adv.（频度副词）几乎不 ｛chance n.机会 change v.改变 ｛fell v.动词fall的过去式 feel v. （感官动词）感觉，感到 ※注意：fall—fell v.落下feel—felt v.感觉 ｛sleepy adj.困倦的 asleep adj.睡着的 ※注意：fall asleep 入睡feel sleepy 感到疲倦 ｛different adj.不同的 difference n.不同点 ｛except prep.除…之外 expect v.期望，要求 ※注意：besides 的意思是“除……外还有”，except的意思是“不包括在内”。 ｛though adv. & conj.尽管；虽然 through adv.&prep.从一边到另一边；穿过 ｛another pron.再一；又一 other adj.其他的，另外的 ※注意：others是指“另外的人（或物）”，是一个名词，相当于“other+n.”；the other 是指“（两个中）另一个；其余的”；the others是指“其余的人（或物）”，相当于“the other+n.”。｛pass v.经过，通过；传递；考试及格 past adj. 过去的（pass的过去分词） ※注意：pass—passed—passed/past ｛sometimes有时 some times几次 ｛sometime某个时候 some time一段时间
so+形容词+(a/an/the)+单数名词/复数名词 such+(a/an/the)+形容词+单数名词/复数名词 【The weather is so nice that all of us want to go to the park.】 such+adj. such为形容词 【It's such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.】 such+adj.+不可数名词或复数可数名词+that such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that=so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that 【Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.】= 【Mike is so honest a worker that we all beleve him.】 一句话，so后面直接跟形容词，后面+that再+名词。such后面加形容词后+名词再加that 最明显的区别就是用法不同： so+形容词+(a/an/the)+单数名词/复数名词 such+(a/an/the)+形容词+单数名词/复数名词 so副词，意思是“如此、这样”，后面常接形容词或副词；such形容词，意思是“如此、这样”，修饰名词，即可接可数名词，也可以接不可数名词。例如： It’s such a fine day. It’s so fine a day. 从上面两例可以看出： such修饰单数可数名词时，不定冠词a/an通常放在such之后紧挨着；而so则不同，不定冠词位置不同。其结构分别为： such a/ an +形容词+单数可数名词； so +形容词+a/an+单数名词。 such除了修饰单数可数名词外，还可以修饰复数名词和不可数名词，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。 如果复数名词前有few，many等形容词；不可数名词前有little，much等形容词，就必须用so，而不能用such，例如： The camel had such a long neck. 骆驼长着那样长的脖子。 Don’t make so much noise! 别那么大声嚷嚷ch和so的区别习题 悬赏分：10 | 提问时间：2009-7-30 15:45 | 提问者：CS666666OL 我就是要such和so的专项区别习题! 例：Today is___such____bad weather. 填such或such a或so或so a 填such 因为weather 是不可数名词 so后面接形容词，such后面接名词或名词短语 so副词，意思是“如此、这样”，后面常接形容词或副词；such形容词，意思是“如此、这样”，修饰名词，即可接可数名词，也可以接不可数名词。例如： It’s such a fine day. It’s so fine a day. 从上面两例可以看出： such修饰单数可数名词时，不定冠词a/an通常放在such之后紧挨着；而so则不同，不定冠词位置不同。其结构分别为： such a/ an +形容词+单数可数名词；
英语易混淆单词辨析 amuse与entertain amuse:强调把注意力吸引到感兴趣的事情上去，多是轻松或引人发笑的事。 entertain:意味着通过公共活动或别人的活动来提供娱乐或消遣，多用于正式场合。 former/preceding/previous/prior former:可表示以前的，即时间上在前的，也可表示前者的，即已提及的两个事物中的前一个。 preceding:表示时间、位置、顺序上紧接在他物之前的，强调中间没有间隙。 previous:指在时间上较早的、顺序上在前的，表示一事做于另一事之先或指目前某事之前一件事，常用于修饰预先准备的行动。 prior:表示时间上早一些，除可用在名词前作定语外（have a prior engagement 预先有约会），还可后接介词to作后置定语或表语（an appointment prior to this one 先于此次约会的一次约会），还常表示更重要的、优先的（a prior consideration 优先考虑）
interval/gap/length/distance interval:两件事之间“间隔的时间”、戏剧两幕之间的“间歇”或两物体之间“间隔的空间” gap:（墙壁等的）“裂缝，缺口”，（思想、意见的）“分歧”（generation gap 代沟） length:（物体的）“长度”，（时间的）“长短” distance：（两地之间的）“距离” limit/confine/control/restrict/restrain limit：指限制在允许或可能的最大或最小的数量、程度、时间等范围内 confine:暗示束缚性、限制性地或阻挠性地限制，常指把人限制在狭窄的范围内，可指把人关闭起来 control:指通过权力或影响加以监督和控制，也常指控制自己的情绪 restrict:指把行为、选择等限制在规定的范围内 restrain:多指感情上、情绪上的克制 accumlate/gather,collect/assemble accumlate:意为“积聚，堆积”，指逐渐地，而且通常是无意识地，使数量越来越大 gather和collect均可表示“收集”，但collect有
中考英语78个易混易错单词+短语+句型 一.英语常用易混淆单词/词组的区别用法 how much和how many的区别用法 how much和how many的区别： how much用来询问事物的数量，后接不可数名词；how many用来询问事物的数量，后接可数名词复数。 1.所修饰词不同 how much用来修饰不可数名词，表示数量，也可单独使用。 how many用来修饰可数名词的复数，它的句式是:How many+复数名词+一般疑问句+? 例句： How much milk is there in the glass? 玻璃杯里有多少牛奶? How many books are there on the desk?
有多少本书在桌子上? 2.用法不同 How much 表示多少钱，用来问价格。 例句： How much is this dress? 这个连衣裙多少钱? How many 表示多少，用来问数量。 例句： How many apples do you have? 你有多少苹果? in和on的区别用法： 当我们表示某些东西被其他东西所包围时使用“in”这个词。而“on”用于描述物体被放置在其他物体上方或外部的情况。in可表时间，表地点，表手段、方法、材料。on表示时间、地点、方位等。 1.意思不同 in：prep.在 ... 里；在 ... 地方；在 ... 期间
on：prep.在 ... 之上 2.用法不同 in：in着重一段时间的过程,常用于重复动作或延续动作。in表示从现在时间算起推移到将来的一段时间之后,一般与将来时态连用。 He is a layman in economics. 他对经济学一窍不通。 on：表示“在物体的表面上”，只能用on的表达方式有on the next morning，on the following。 The spider is walking on the ceiling. 蜘蛛在天花板上爬行。 3.侧重点不同 in：表示“在其中”。 on：表示“在表面”。 if和whether的区别用法：
中考介词专项 一、介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) 二、常用介词的用法辨析 （1）表时间的介词 1）at, in on 表示时间点用。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。 2）since, after 由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与时态连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与与时态连用。 【活学活用】 I haven’t heard from him last summer. five days the boy came back. 3）in, after 在将来时态中，in与连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思。After后面只能跟表示的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如： 【活学活用】 He will be back two months. He will arrive four o’clock. He returned a month. （2）表示地点的介词
初中英语常用易混词汇辨析 汇用法例句above“在……上方”，不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为：belowThe sun rose above the horizon、太阳 升到了地平线以上。over“在……上面”，含有垂直在上的意思There is a bridge over the river、河上有座桥。o n“在…… 上面”，含有与表面相接触的意思There is an oil painting on the wall、墙上有一幅油画。across/through 词汇用法例句across“横过，穿过”，指从……的一边到另一边Be careful when you walk across the road、当你过马路的时候要小心。through “穿过”,强调从内部穿过The river flows through the city from west to east、这条河从西到东流过城市。at all/ after all 词汇用法例句at all“全然，根本不”，一 般用于否定句中加强语气She doesn’t like football at all、她一点也不喜欢足球。a fter all“毕竟，终究，到底”，一般 置于句首或句末作状语After all, he is a child、毕竟,他还是个孩子。f ew / a few / little / a little 词汇含义修饰名 词肯定/否定例句few几乎没有可数否定I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here、我刚来到这里，所以我在这里没 有几个朋友。a few有一些肯定Though the man has been here for only one month, he has a few friends、尽管这个人才在 这里住了一个月，但他就有了一些朋友。l ittle几乎没有不可数
易错与易混淆的知识点! 1、［误］Please give me a paper. ［正］Please give me a piece of paper. ［析］不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词，这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了，所以造成了这样的错误，因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类，是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时，要用与之相关的量词来表达，如：two pieces of paper. 2、［误］Please give me two letter papers. ［正］Please give me two pieces of letter paper. ［析］paper作为纸讲是不可数名词，而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词，如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt. 3、［误］My glasses is broken. ［正］My glasses are broken. 4、［误］I want to buy two shoes. ［正］I want to buy two pairs of shoes. ［析］英语中glasses—眼镜，shoes—鞋，trousers—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用a pair of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如：5、This pair of glasses is very good. ［误］May I borrow two radioes? ［正］May I borrow two radios? ［析］以o结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式，但如果o前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。这样的词有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos. 6、［误］This is a Mary's dictionary. ［正］This is Mary's dictionary. ［析］如名词前有指示代词this, that, these those,及其他修饰词our,some, every, which, 或所有格时，则不要再加冠词。 7、［误］There are much people in the garden. ［正］There are many people in the garden. ［析］可数名词前应用many, few, a few, a lot of 来修饰，而people是可数名词，而且是复数名词，如：The people are planting trees here.
1. used to do sth.；be used to doing sth.和be used to do sth.的区别 辨析：used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事. e.g. I used to get up at six in the morning. be used to doing.表示习惯做某事，to 后的动词用-ing 形式 e.g. I'm used to getting up early. be used to do sth. 指被用来做什么。 e.g. Pens are used to write. 2. arrive, get 和reach的区别 辨析：arrive in +大地点，arrive at+小地点，get to+地点名词，reach是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。 e.g. When did you arrive in Beijing? We arrived at the village at five in the afternoon。
How do you usually get to school? When she reached the office, the teacher was having a short rest. 3. borrow , lend和keep的区别 borrow"借"，为终止性动词，表示主语"借入"某物，常用短语borrow sth. from sb. lend"借"，为终止性动词，表示主语"借出"某物，常用短语lend sth. to sb. keep "保存，借"，为持续性动词，表示"长时间地借" e.g. I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday. Could you lend your pen to me? How long can we keep the book? 4.dress, put on, 和wear的区别 dress sb.给某人穿衣服；dress sb.up打扮某人