一、语法一致
1.不可数名词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。
When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.何时何地建厂还未定下来。
2.由and 连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如：
Tom and Mary have been married for ten years.汤姆和玛丽结婚10年了。
The bread and the butter taste good.奶油和面包很好吃。
注意事项：
（1）当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式（这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词）。
The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位诗人兼作家去北京了。
There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。
Here is a needle and thread for you.这是给你的针线。
Bread and butter tastes good.奶油面包很好吃。
Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不待人。
（2）and所连接的连个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。
No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。
Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。
Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。
（3）在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。
3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but, besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather
than 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如：
The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老师和学生们正在看电视。
The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.女生和那位老师在跳舞。
Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。
4.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
Somebody is asking for you. 有人在找你。
Everyone is here. 大家都来了。
There is something wrong with my bike. 没有的自行车有点毛病。
注意事项：
（1）each本身作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词则用复数。如：
Each of them has a dictionary.他们每人有本词典。
They each have a dictionary. 他们每人有本词典。
（2）当none of后面接的是可数名词时，谓语动词用单复数都可以；如接的是不可数名词，就只能用单数形式。如：
None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。
None of the money was paid to me.连一分钱也没有付给我。
（3）all作主语，指人时，谓语用复数；指物时，谓语用单数。如：
All have gone home. 大家都走了。
All that glitters is not gold. 发亮的不一定都是金子。
5. “many a (an) +名词”和“more than one +名词”做主语，谓语用单数。
Many a student is interested in English grammar. 很多学生对英语语法感兴趣。
More than one person was involved in the case.不止一人卷入这个案子。
6.在四则运算中谓语单复数均可（常用单数）。
Three and four is (are) seven. 3加4等于7.
Two times ten is (are) twenty.2乘10等于20.
7.当kind of, type o f, sort of, pair of等做主语时，谓语与of 前的kind, pair, type 等保持一致。如：
This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 这条裤子是李师傅做的。
The kind of the apple tastes delicious.这种苹果很好吃。
Some kinds of bamboo grow very fast.有些种类的竹子生长的非常快。
注意事项：“名词+of this kind”结构作主语，谓语与其中的名词保持一致。如：
Apples of this kind are highly priced.这种苹果定价很高。
Men of this kind are dangerous.这种人很危险。
8.由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，
part of或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。如：
The rest of the lecture is dull．讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。
The rest of the bicycles are on sale today．剩余的自行车今天出售。
Half of the apple is rotten．这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。
Half of the apples are rotten．这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。
注意事项：
（1）当“a number of／a variety of／varieties of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但“the number of(表数目)和the variety of(表种类)等+可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
A number of new houses have been built there．在那儿已建起许多新房子。
There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop．那个商店出售各种各样的商品。
The number of the people who know the secret is very limited．知道这个秘密的人数很有限。
The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising．那个商店商品的品种多得惊人。
（2）“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“a large quantity of+复数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数。
“large quantities of+不可数名词／复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a good／great deal of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
如：
A large amount of clean water is wasted every day．每天有大量干净的水被浪费掉。
Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market．大量的资金投在当地的市场上。
Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year．这个城市每年要消费大量的啤酒。
A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge．很多钱花在建这座桥上。
A large quantity of materials were spent on the building．建这个大楼耗费了大量的建筑材料。
A good deal of work has to be done today．今天有大量的工作要做。
9.在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，从句谓语单复形式根据先行词来判断：若是one of结构，定语从句谓语用复数；若是the only one of结构，定语从句谓语用单数。如：
Mary is one of the girls who like hiking.
Mary is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.
10.“one and a half +复数名词”或“a / one +单数名词+ and a half”作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：
One and a half months has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。
A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。
但是，国外一些词书则认为，谓语动词的数取决于这两个结构中名词的数：
One and a half months have passed. 已经过去了一个半月。
A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。
11.“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon．昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。
【练习一】
1.（09陕西）Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.
2.（2012湖南）All the scientific evidence ____ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ (be) damaging our health.
3.（11安徽卷）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ (be) saved for other purposes.
4.（11湖南卷) One third of the country ______ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_______ (be) black people.
5.（10全国）Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ (wear) evening dress.
6.（10湖南）Listening to loud music at rock concerts _____ (have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
7.（10四川）Such poets as Shakespeare _____ (be) widely read, of whose works, however, some _____ (be) difficult to understand.
8.（09山东）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ (be) rising steadily since1990.
9.（08陕西）—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _____ (be) invited.
10.（06江苏）A poet and artist _____ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
11.（05山东）With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _____ (wash) away each year.
12.（07江西）Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.
A. hasn’t been decided
B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided
D. aren’t decided
二、意义上一致
1.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、长度、价值、数目等名词作主语时，尽管其形式是复数，但在概念上通常把这些名词看作是一个整体，因此根据意义一致的原则，谓语动词多用单数形式。如：
Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt．25美元买那件衬衣太贵了。
Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test．50分钟完成这个测试是不够的。
Ten miles seems like a long walk to me．对我来说，10英里步行似乎很远。
当然，在许多情况下，也可根据语法一致的原则，把这些名词复数看作一个个的个体，使用复数动词。如：
Ten years have passed before I realized it.不知不觉10年过去了。
2.当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。
The poor live a hard life.穷人的日子不好过。
The sick and wounded were sent home.病人和伤员被送回家。
The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。
The wounded is our headmaster.那个伤员是我们的校长。
3.当maths(mathematics), politics, physics等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.政治学是他最喜欢的学科。
Maths is a subject that is difficult to learn.数学是一门很难学的课程。
4.书名、报刊名以及某些以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Roots was a novel about a slave family.《根》是一本有关奴隶家庭的小说。
Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories.《一千零一夜》充满了有趣的故事。
The United States is a developed country.美国是个发达国家。
5.当集合名词audience, family, class, army, group, team, enemy, government, public, couple等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果强调其中的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。
My family is a big one.我们家是个大家庭。
My family are all music lovers.我们家全是音乐爱好者。
The football team is the best one in this area.这只球队是这个地区最好的一支球队。
The football team are having a bath.球员们正在洗澡。
但有些集合名词，如police, cattle, people等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数。如：
The people hope to live a happy life．人民希望过上好日子。
The police have caught the criminal．警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。
Cattle feed on grass．牛以草为食。
6.有的名词是单数、复数相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, means, fish, works, species,等，作主语时，如表示复数意义，动词用复数；如表示单数意义，动词用单数。例
如：
Every possible means has been tried.每种方法都尝试过了。
All possible means have been tried.所有方法都尝试了。
The crossroads is／are dangerous.这个(些)十字路口很危险。
There are two iron and steel works in our province.我省有两家钢铁厂。
A sheep is over there.那边有只羊。
Some sheep are over there.那边有些羊。
7.由两个对称部分组成一个物体的名词，如trousers, shoes, glasses, compasses, jeans, pants, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。如：
His black trousers are too long.他的黑裤子太长。
Your glasses are on your nose.你的眼镜在你鼻梁上。
注：如果在这类名词前用了量词pair,piece等时，其谓语动词应与pair,piece等的单复数相一致。如：
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now.现在一副眼镜值很多钱。
There are two pairs of gloves on the desk.桌上有两副手套。
8.有些以-ch, -sh, -ese结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与定冠词the连用，指整个民族，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。如：
The English are said to be conservative.据说英国人是保守的。
The Chinese are kind and friendly.中国人民友好善良。
9.当姓氏复数前加定冠词表示一家人时，谓语动词用复数。如：
The Smiths were also invited.斯密斯夫妇也受到邀请。
【练习二】
【真题再现】
1.（07江西）A survey of the opinions of experts ______ (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _____ (be) good for one’s health.
2.（00上海春）Every possible means _____ (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
三、就近一致
1.由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)连接两个或多个并列主语时，谓语动词应根据就近一致的原则，与其靠近的一个相一致。如：
Either the teacher or the students are to blame．或者老师或者学生们应受到指责。
Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it．不仅学生们不知道这件事，他们的老师也不知道。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.
He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。
2.在there be结构中和here开头的句子，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的那个主语相一致。如：
There is a book，two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk．桌子上有一本书、两支圆珠笔和几个笔记本。
There are four chairs and a table in the room．房间里摆有4把椅子和一张桌子。
【练习三】
1.（09湖南）Either you or one of your students ______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ (be) tired of having one examination after another. (89)
【巩固练习】
1.Nobody but Jane ____ (know) the secret. (86)
2.All but one _____ (be) here just now. (87)
3.A library with five thousand books _______ (offer) to the nation as a gift. (90)
4.When and where to build the new factory _____ (not; decide) yet. (91)
5.Either you or the headmaster______(be) to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting(1994上海)
6.The number of people invited ______ (be) fifty, but a number of them ____ (be) absent for different reasons. (96)
7.E-mail, as well as telephones,______ (play) an important role in our daily life(1999上海)
8.（2000全国春）All the preparations for the task ______(complete), and we are ready to start.
9.（2000 NMET）Two fi fths of the land in that district _____ (be) covered with trees and grass.
10.（2000上海春）I told him what I was surprised at _____ (be) his attitude towards his study.
11.（2001上海）As a result of destroying the forest, a large quantity of desert ____ (have) covered the land.
12.（02上海春）He is the only one of the students who _______(be) a winner of scholarship for three years.
13.（04福建）She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _______ (reach) 50 million.
14.（04上海春）No one in the department but Tom and I ____ (know) that the director is going to resign.
15.（04广东）All the employees except the manager ______(encourage) to work online at home.
16.（04北京）The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ (be) visiting
a museum when the earthquake struck.
17.（05辽宁）Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ (work) in the clothing industry.
18.（05上海）Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _____ (work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
19.（05山东）The country life he was used to ______ (change) greatly since 1992.
20.（06浙江）The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _____ (be) used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
21.（06安徽）Most of what has been said about the Smiths _____ (be) also true of the Johnsons.
22.（06辽宁）The father as well as his three children ____ (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
23.（07湖南）We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _____ (be) so small that a day is unimportant.
24.（07陕西）As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_____(need) repairing.
25.（09四川）The teacher together with the students _______ (be) discussing Reading Skills that ______ (be) newly published in America.
26. （2012陕西）The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
27.(2013江苏) Generally, students’inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ (be) essential to their development.
28.(2013湖南) The university estimates that living expenses for international students ______ (be) around $8,450 a year, which ________ (be) a burden for some of them.
29.（2013福建）The famous musician, as well as his students, _______ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
语法复习—主谓一致答案
【练习一】1. is 2. shows; is 3. were 4. is; are 5. wears 6. has 7. are；are 8. has been 9. was 10.is 11. are being washed 12.A
【练习二】1. shows; is 2. has been used
【练习三】1. is 2. are
【巩固练习】
1. knows
2. were
3. is offered
4. is not decided/hasn’t been decided
5.is
6. was; were
7.plays
8. have been comp leted
9.is 10.was 11.has 12. ha s been 13. have reached 14. knows 15. a re encou raged 16. was 17. work/are working 18. is working 19. has ch anged 20. we re 21. i s 22. g oe s 23. is 24. n eed 25. is; was 26. w as 27. is 28. are; is 29. was invited
第十讲特殊句式（倒装，省略，主谓一致等） 1．完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 [点津]上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。 Away they went.他们走了。 (2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。 2．部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考) 直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。 (2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。 Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考) 直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。 (3)hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就哭了。 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。 Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her. 自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。 [点津]so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。 —It is too hot. ——天太热了。 —So it is. ——是啊，的确很热。 (5)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。 (6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。 Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。 Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。 1．The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________________. (allow) 通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。答案：will you be allowed in 2．We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______________________ about how they work.(think) 听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。答案：do we think 1．强调句型 结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。 (1)时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调
一、语法一致 1.不可数名词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。 When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.何时何地建厂还未定下来。 2.由and 连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如： Tom and Mary have been married for ten years.汤姆和玛丽结婚10年了。 The bread and the butter taste good.奶油和面包很好吃。 注意事项： （1）当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式（这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词）。 The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位诗人兼作家去北京了。 There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。 Here is a needle and thread for you.这是给你的针线。 Bread and butter tastes good.奶油面包很好吃。 Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不待人。 （2）and所连接的连个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。 Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。 Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。 （3）在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。 3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but, besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather than 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如： The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老师和学生们正在看电视。 The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.女生和那位老师在跳舞。 Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。 4.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one,
主谓一致与特殊句式跟踪练习 再战初中考点---夯实基础 主谓一致 1 (2018·湖南湘西) —Excuse me. Is there a bank near here? —______. It’s just between my house and a post office. A. Yes, it is B. No, there isn’t C. Yes, there is 2.（2018·四川自贡）24. — Did your father use to _______ to work? —Yes, but now he likes using public transportation. He is used to _______ the bus. A. drive; taking B. driving; taking C. driving; take 3.(2018·新疆)27. Both Mike and I _______ ready for the new high school life. A. be B. am C. is. D. are 4. （2018. 贵州安顺）The number of the elderly(老人) increasing in China, and wi th the development of China economy, they better care of in the future. A. is; will take B. are; are taken C. is; will be taken D. are; will take 5.(2018·四川达州)—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？ —It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败). A. where show B. which show C. that shows D. who shows 6.(2018·江苏苏州) —I’m Daisy, not Jessie. —Sorry, I have difficulty people’s name. A. remembering B. remember C. to remember D. remembered 7. (2018·江苏泰州) Not only children but also my husband ________ crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》). A.is B. are C. am D. be 8.(2018·甘肃武威)19. Our city is cleaner than it __________ be. A. is used to B. used to C. uses to D. is used 9. (2017·四川眉山)— How many _____ doctors are there in your hospital, David？ — _____ them _____ over one hundred. A. woman; The number of: is B. women; A number of; are
第11讲特殊句式和主谓一致 特殊句式 [深化认知] 一、倒装句 (一)部分倒装 1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 Not until the press reported the pollution did people know why the water supply had been cut off. 直到报纸报道污染情况，人们才知道水供给为什么会被切断。 2．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 (2013·全国卷Ⅱ单选)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital. 只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。 3．so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss. 他患病突然，全家人全然不知所措。 4．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/ neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。 5．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。 Hard as they tried，they couldn't make her change her mind. 尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。 (二)全部倒装 1．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before. 约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。 2．such置于句首时。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人能否定它们。 [名师指津]此句型中such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 二、省略句 1．复合句中的省略 在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are)stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。
十、主谓一致和特殊句式 1. The lake is calm and clear，and one of the things that ________ in the water is the famous tower. A．reflects B．reflect C．is reflected D．are reflected 答案 D [考查主谓一致。句意：湖水平静而清澈，倒映在水里的物体之一是著名的高塔。 在“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”的句式中定语从句的谓语用复数。] 2．This series of products ________ in special price for a month to promote its sales from next tenth. A．are B．is to be C．has been D．would be 答案 B [考查主谓一致。句意：从下个月十号开始，这系列的产品会以特殊的价格促销一个月以提高销量。series of与后面的名词构成名词短语时谓语动词用单数。] 3．The teacher as well as the students ________ planting trees. A．are B．is C．has D．have 答案 B [考查主谓一致。句意：老师和同学们在植树。as well as句型中的谓语动词与主语一致，即要与“teacher”保持一致，故选择B项。] 4．We each ________ strong points and each of us，on the other hand，________ weak points. A．have；has B．have；have C．has；have D．has；has 答案 A [句意：我们每个人都有长处；从另一方面说，我们每个人也都有弱点。第一个分句的主语是we，each是we的同位语，故谓语动词用复数；第二个分句的主语是不定代词each，谓语动词用单数。on the other hand是插入语。] 5．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A．is B．are C．has D．have 答案 C [句意：在摇滚音乐会上听很大声的音乐会导致很多青少年听力受损。动名词短语作主语，句子谓语动词用单数形式，根据caused判断，此处用has，构成现在完成时。] 6．—________ the team finished most of their research work? —Yes，but the rest ________ rather difficult. A．Has；are B．Has；is C．Have；are D．Have；is
主谓一致和特殊句式练习题 ( )1. （2016年上海）Thetwins _________ fond of the new idea in the magazine article. A.be B. am C. is D. are ( )2. A woman with a young boy _______ getting into Uncle’s car. A.is B. are C. has D. were ( )3. (2016 烟台) There _______ a number of books in the library and the number of them ________ increasing. A.has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are ( )4. (2016乌鲁木齐) ---_______ exciting news it is ! Disneyland in Shan ghai has opened to the public ! --- _______. We plan to go there this summer holiday. A.What an ; So it is B. What; So it is C.How; So it is D. How; So it is ( )5. （2016年兰州）I _______ you can finish the exam in two hours. A.does believe B. do believe C. did believe D. do believe ( )6. (2016年武汉) ---What’s the matter, Jenny ? ---- _______ something wrong with my bike. A.It is B. There is C. I have D. It has ( )7. People always like to follow others. If one boy has a red T-shirt, _______ other boys. A.so will B. n either will C. so have D. neither have ( )8. (2016乌鲁木齐) --- My sister and I will go to the library tomorrow. ---_______. Shall we go together ? A.So am I B. So do I C. So I am D. So will I ( )9. ---What’s Tom’s fa vorite s ubject ? --- I’m not sure. Maybe physics _______ his favorite subject. A.are B. were C. was D. is ( )10. A number of students in this school _______ from the country. They work very hard. https://www.doczj.com/doc/1d13043174.html,es B. come C. came D. will come
高三下期英语二轮复习专题学案 主谓一致和特殊句式专项讲解 主谓一致的核心考点 1.就近一致原则 (1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. (2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks. 2.意义一致原则 (1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况 ①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。 Politics is his favorite subject. ②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。 Do you know when the United Nations was set up? (2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer. (3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 ①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers. ②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。 The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 3.语法一致原则 (1)由and连接的两个名词作主语 ①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。 The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. ②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。 The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
2018届高考语法专项主谓一致和特殊句式 一主谓一致 一、主谓一致的基础“3原则” 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。 1．语法一致原则 主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 ◆The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。 ◆I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 2．就近一致原则 (1)由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 ◆Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 (2)由there，here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 ◆There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 3．意义一致原则 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。 ◆The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 (2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ◆Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 (3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 ◆Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
专题十一主谓一致与特殊句式 主谓一致 主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1．语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy. [名师指津]what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he said is far from the truth. What the school needs are qualified teachers. (2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as his students was very excited. I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame for the accident. (3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room. The poet and writer has produced many works. (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。 I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure. (5)“many a或more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no 所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 2．意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. The class are doing experiment. (2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. All of this is wonderful, but the best part of this film is the acting. (3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The old are taken good care of here. (4)a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project. (5)“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
第十一课时主谓一致和特殊句式 1.In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly－trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018·北京卷) A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 答案A[句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。] 2.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018·天津卷) A.which B.that C.when D.where 答案B[去掉题干的It was和空处后，这个句子语法结构依然完整，表示“只有当汽车停在我家房前的时候，我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”，因此这是一个强调句式，被强调的是“only＋状语从句”，因此选B。] 3.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津卷) A.who B.where C.which D.that 答案D[句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。] 4.The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏卷) A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案C[先行词是Great Expectations，是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。]
第九讲特殊句式与主谓一致 考点1 强调句 1．It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors. (2017·天津，11) A．who B．where C．which D．that 答案 D 解析考查强调句型的判定。句意为：正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉，然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断，“When I got back to my apartment，I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整，由此可断定本句是强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故空格处应用that。 2．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists. (2016·天津，13) A．who B．which C．where D．that 答案 D 解析考查强调句型的判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是
第九讲特殊句式和主谓一致 重点一特殊句式 Ⅰ.用倒装结构完成下列句子 1．(2014·全国卷)Not_only_do_the_nurses_want (护士不仅想要) a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. 2．(2014·湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart will_you_keep (你才可以保持) good relationships with others. 3. (2014·陕西高考)No_sooner_had_Mo_Yan_stepped_on_the_stage (莫言一走上舞台) than the audience broke into thunderous applause. Ⅱ.用省略句式完成下列句子 1．(2014·福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever (如果曾经有的话), reaching 30℃ in summer. 2．(2014·湖南高考)Children, when_accompanied_by_their_parents (当有父母亲陪伴的时候), are allowed to enter the stadium. Ⅲ.用强调句式完成下列句子 1．(2014·福建高考)It_was_the_culture (正是文化), rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 2．(2014·四川高考)Was_it_because_Jack_came_late_for_school (是因为Jack上学迟到) that Mr. Smith got angry? 考点一、倒装句的五大句型：NAOSH 句型一：N代表none, neither, nor, not, not only, not until, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首时引起的部分倒装 (2012·辽宁高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad. 直到三年前从教师岗位上退休后，他才考虑到国外度假。 句型二：A代表as/though，表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句时用部分倒装 (重庆高考)Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是他为了得到一些工作经验还是接受了它。 句型三：O代表only，“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装 (2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.
特除句式（倒装、省略、强调）和主谓一致专题 吴章玲 一、《考试说明》的内容及要求 特殊句式和主谓一致是中学英语语法的重要组成部分，也是高考考查的考点之一。高考题对特殊句式的考查主要集中在倒装﹑省略和强调上。高考对主谓一致的考查主要集中在意义一致原则以及时态与主谓一致的综合考查上。 二、近五年安徽高考考点分布及命题趋势 从近五年安徽英语试题来看，本专题内容知识性强，主要涉及语言形式；注重考查知识之间交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，未来还会保持这一趋势，但是这类题目的综合性和情景性将会变得越来越明显。 三．一轮复习中存在的问题 一轮复习中并未对此语法进行专项讲解，但是在各次段考中都会涉及此语法。可以看出学生对于强调句的各种句式以及部分倒装和全部倒装的区别上存有困惑，失分严重。在二轮复习中要对学生的疑惑处进行针对性的讲解和训练。 四．教学重点和教学策略 教学重点：鉴于高考命题趋势和学生学习中存在的问题，本专题的教学重点内容是：“倒装句与时态和主谓一致相结合”以及“强调句与其他从句的区别”两个考点，重在让学生在理解语法规则的基础上进行灵活应用。 1. 倒装句与时态和主谓一致相结合的考查 如：----Is everyone here? ----Not yet…Look, there _____the rest of our guests! (2010江苏) A come B comes C is coming D are coming 答案A此题容易选 D here there,now, then 等位于句首的全部倒装句中，谓语动词be ,come, go 等不能用于进行时，另外谓语动词要与主语the rest of our guests 保持一致2. 强调句与定语从句和状语从句的区别 1.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village____the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. (2010安徽) A where B that C when D which 答案 B 本题容易选A难度在于被强调部分中有一个that 引导的定语从句，强调句中的that 没有意义，并且不作任何成分，而定语从句中的that 为关系代词，在从句中充当主语，宾语和表语。 2.It was at six o’clock _____ I got up today. A that B when C as D while 答案A本题容易选B 解题关键在于强调句型去掉“It is/was…that”之后，句子结构完整，而“It is…. when”结构中，it 指代时间。