2. GEOLOGY地质
2.1 LITHOLOGY CASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION ORDER
岩性分类与描述顺序
2.1.1 Rock Types 岩石类型
Sedi Sedimentry 沉积岩
clas clastic 碎屑岩
ss sandstone 砂岩
mdst mudstone 泥岩
sh shale 页岩
clyst, clst claystone 粘土岩
sd sand 砂
mSsd medium sandstone 中砂岩
fsst fine sandstone 细砂岩
bldr boulder 卵石
pbl pebble 卵石
grl gravel 砾石
cgl conglomerate 砾岩
gywk graywacke 硬砂岩
cbl cobble 大鹅卵石
ark arkose 长石砂岩
grnl granule 粒砂
brec breccic 角砾岩
bioc bioclastic 生物碎屑岩
vcrs sst very coarse sandstone 极粗砂岩
argl argillite 泥板岩
gyp gypsum 石膏
anhy anhydrite 硬石膏
slt salt 盐岩
flint-lingite 隧石
carbonate 碳酸盐岩
ls limestone 灰岩，石灰岩
dolo dolomite 白云石
dolst dolostone 白云岩
mrls marlstone 泥灰石
coq coquina 贝壳灰岩
biosp biosparte 生物亮晶灰岩
biomi biomicrite 生物微晶灰岩
clcar calcarenite 灰屑岩，钙屑灰岩
micr micrite 微晶灰岩
clcrd calcirudite 砾屑石灰岩 clslt calcisilitite 粉砂屑石灰岩 grst grainstone 粒状灰岩
oolitic limestone 鲕状灰岩
Igneous Rock 火成岩
intrusive igneous 侵入岩
extrusive igneous 喷出岩
volc colcanic 火山岩
grt granite 花岗岩
dr diorite 闪长岩
grdr grano diorite 花岗闪长岩 qu dr quartz diorite 石英闪长岩 dr po diorite porphyrite 闪长玢岩 syenite 正长岩
gab, gb gabbro 辉长岩
qu po quartz porphyrite 石英玢岩 an andesite 安山岩
bas basalt 玄武岩
arag aragonite 纹石，霞石
Meta Metsmorphic rock 变质岩 phyl phyllite 千枚岩
sl slate 板岩
sch schist 片岩
mbl marble 大理岩
gne gneiss 片麻岩
qtzt quartzite 石英岩
novac novaculite致密石英岩2.1.2 COL Color, Colour 颜色
blk black 黑色
brn brown 棕色
yel yellow 黄色
gy, gry grey 灰色
or orange 橙色，桔色
bl blue 蓝色
gn, grn green 绿色
wi, wht white 白色
pnk pink 粉红色
pl purple 紫色
bf buff 浅黄色
tn tan 棕黄色
choc chocolate 褐色
och ochve 褐色，黄褐色
olv olive 橄榄色
crm cream 奶油色
mott motted 杂色，斑点
vocl varicoloree 杂色的
amb amber 琥珀色
lt light 淡的
dk, drk dark 暗的
cc color code 颜色代码
2.1.3 Hardness 硬度
VHD very hard 非常硬
MHD middle hard 中硬
H hard 硬
SFT soft 软
VSFT very soft 非常软
2.1.4 Roundness 磨圆
sharp angular 尖棱状
angle angular 棱角状
subangle subangular 次棱角状
subrnd subround 次圆状
rnd round 圆状
well round 磨圆好
2.1.5 Grain Size Terminology 颗粒大小术语 (see app. Table) （见附表）
2.1.6 Sorting 分选
go good 好
f fair 一般
md medium 中等
pr poor 差
c coarsely 粗造
2.1.7 Cementation 胶结，胶结物
cp compact 胶结致密
dns dense 胶结密实
well well 胶结好
lse loose 胶结疏松
sdy are sandy arenaceous 砂质
sdy sandy 砂质
mdy are mudy argillaceous 泥质
ethy earthy 泥质
cly clay 粘土质
cal, calc calcarous 钙质
si siliceous 硅质
lim limy 灰质
kao kaolin 高岭土质
carb carbonaceous 碳质的
qtzc quartzitic 石英质
quartzizose 石英质的
nac nacreous 珍珠质
2.1.8 Accessories of Rock 岩石的次要成分
min mineral 矿物
accessary mineral 次生矿物
qz, qtz quartz 石英
mic, mica micaceous 云母
musc muscovite 白云母
biot biotite 黑云母
srct sericite 绢云母
fld feldspar 长石
orth orthpclase 正长石
plag plagioclase 斜长石
gab gabbro 辉长石
py pyrite 黄铁矿
lmt limonite 褐铁矿
mag magnetite 磁铁矿
calc calcite 方解石
dol dolomite 白云石
gyp gypsum 石膏
anhy anhydite 无水石膏
sa salt 盐
asph asphalt 沥青
bit bitumen 沥青
gil gilsomite 天然沥青
flnt flint 黑燧石，电石
cht chert 黑硅石
chk chalk 白垩
fos fossils 化石
micfo microfossil 微化石
macfo macrofossil 大化石
pl fos plant fossil 植物化石
vrtb vertebrate 脊椎动物
ancient life 古生物
fau fauna 动物群
flo flora 植物群
spo, spr spore 孢子，孢粉
tri trilobite 三叶虫
cor coral 珊瑚
shl shell 贝壳
amm ammonite 菊石
alg algae 藻类
diat diatoms 硅藻
char charophyte 轮藻类
grap graptolite 笔石类
ost ostracod 介形虫（节肢动物）
para paraparchites 介形虫
cono conodont 牙形虫
crin crinoid 海百合
Tent Tentaculities 竹节石属
moll mollusc 软体动物
Ech Echinoid 海胆类（棘皮动物）
Bry Bryozoa 苔藓动物门
Ceph Cephalipod 头足纲（软体类）
Belm Belmnifera 箭石属（头足类）
Brach Brachinopoda 腕足类（动物门）
Cyp Cypridopsis 斗星介属（介形类）
foram foraminifera 有孔虫类
Endo Endothgra 内卷虫属（有孔虫类）
Glob Globigerina 抱球虫属（有孔虫类）
Gast Gasttropod 腹足纲（软体动物）
Fus Fusulinicl 纺锤蜓
2.1.9 Depositional Distinguishing Feature 沉积识别特征
sedimentary structure 沉积构造
bdd beded 层状的
bndd banded 层状的
band band 夹层
xlam crosslaminated 交错层理
xbdd crossbeded 交错层
intbdd interbeded 互层的，夹层的
crnk crinkled 褶皱
cont contact 接触，界面
unconf unconformity 不整合
conf conformity 整合
crev crevive 裂隙
conc concretion 结核，含有物
nod nodules 结核。团块
ves vesicular 多孔状
lumpy lumpy 块状
conch conchoidal 贝壳状
gran granular 颗粒状
slky silky 丝状
gl glassy 玻璃状
fib fibrous 纤维状
glblr globular 球状
xl crystal 结晶
xln crystalline 结晶体
2.1.10 Others 其它
porosity 孔隙度
gd good 15% 好
fair 10～15% 中等
poor 5～10% 较差
trace less 5% 微小
fissibity 解理，可劈性
clvg clesvage 解理，劈理
crystal or grain size 晶体形状与颗粒大小
texture 结构
lstr lustre 光泽
silky 丝绢光泽
swelling properties 膨胀度，膨胀性
solubiling 吸水性
accessory mineral 次生矿
2.1.11 Examination for Hydrocarbon Shows 油气显示鉴定
hydrocarbon indication 油气显示
oil show description 油气显示描述
fluorescence observation 荧光观察
dir fluo direct fluorescence 湿照
sample fluorescence 干照
cut fluo cutting fluorescence 滴照
solvent fluorescence 浸泡照射
no fluo no fluorescence 无荧光显示
micro trace 显示相当微弱
trace 微弱
present 有，中等
important 强
very important 很强
bri bright 明亮
2.2THE EXAMPLES OF LITHOLOGY DESCRIPTION
岩性描述范例
2.2.1Noncarbonate , clastic 非碳酸盐岩，碎屑岩
If the representative samples from the siever have been selected and the percentage of the various constituents have been estimated, then the logical order of the sample description is: 如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性的岩样，而且该岩样的各组份含量已估计出，那么该岩样的描述顺序则为：
1, ROCK TYPE 岩性，岩石类别
2, COLOR 颜色
3, HARDNESS 硬度（硬化作用）
The common adjectives describing induration are:
硬化作用一般的形容描述内容是：
dense hard medium-hard soft spongy
密集的，硬的，中等坚硬，软的，多孔的
friable compact brittle slatey
松散的致密的脆的板状的
4, GRAIN SIZE 颗粒大小
see to figure 2,1.5 （见图表2，1，5）
5, GRAIN SHAPE 颗粒形状
The only five general classes are considered and defined as following:
唯一可考虑的五种一般类别为：
sharp angular subangular rounded wellrounded
尖棱状棱角状次棱角状磨圆状好的磨圆状
6, SORTING 分选作用
7, LUSTER 光泽
The common used terms of the luster are: 关于光泽一般常使用的词组有：
coated pitted frosted deeply etched frosty silky
覆盖物坑状物霜状表面深度侵蚀霜状的丝绢光泽
oily vitreous glassy shiny translucent earthy
油脂光泽透明的玻璃的发亮的半透明的泥土状
waxy sooty velety soapy resinous
蜡状的乌黑色天鹅绒状肥皂状树脂状
8, CEMENTATION 胶结，胶结物
calcite dolomite sulfates iron oxides silica pyrite clays silts
方解石白云石硫酸盐氧化铁硅质黄铁矿粘土粉砂
siderite
菱铁矿
9, STRUCTURE 构造
The structure of sandstone refers to: 砂岩的构造一般是指：
laminations fractures fractures patterns banding nodular
纹理裂缝裂缝形式条纹结核状
The common structures of shales and siltstone are: 页岩和粉砂岩的构造是指：
massive lumpy platy laminated foliated fissile
块状团块状纹层状薄片状裂片状
splintery flakey
10, ACCESSORIES 次生矿物
The common but minor constituents of sandstones are:
常见的砂岩微量次生矿物有：
biotite muscovite glauconite pyrite barite siderite chert
黑云母白云母海绿石黄铁矿重晶石菱铁矿黑隧石
coals solid hydrocarbons fossils
煤固态烃化石
11, INCLUSIONS 夹杂物
gypsum anhydrite chert iron oxides noduies pellets of barite
石膏无水石膏黑隧石氧化铁结核体重晶石球
pyrite mud oolites coal concretionary materials
黄铁矿泥浆鲕状岩煤固结材料
2.2.2 Carbonate碳酸盐岩
After the lithology of the samples have been selected , the description of the carbonate can be do in the following order:
岩样岩性选择好后，碳酸盐岩的描述可依以下顺序进行：
1, COLOR 颜色
The normal colors of limestones and dolomites are: gray, white, buff, brown
石灰岩和白云岩的正常颜色是：灰色，白色，浅黄色，棕色
2, GRAIN SIZE 颗粒大小
3, CHARACTOR OF GRAINS 颗粒特征
Fragments can be described in the same as sand grains:碎屑可和砂岩一样进行描述
sharp angular subangular rounded globular spheroidal
尖棱角棱角状次棱角状圆状球形扁球形
Oolites may be classed as: spheroidal, spherical, elliptical, irregular, flattened
鲕粒可分类为：扁球形，球形，椭圆状，不规则状，拉平状
4, TEXTURE 结构
see to the figure 2.3.4 （参见表2。3。4）
5, STRUCTURES 构造
The structure feature of carbonate include: 碳酸盐岩构造特征包括：
stylolites fractures microfractures laminae banding crinkling 柱状构造裂缝构造微裂缝构造纹层状带状波状
concretions whorls brecciation
结核状环状角砾状
6, INCOUSIOUS 夹杂物
2.2.3 Hydrocarbon Show Description 油气显示描述
Hydrocarbon show description should be written in the following order:
油气显示的描述应按以下顺序来写：
1, free oil in mud 泥浆中的游离油
2, odor 油味，气味
3, visible staining-color and percentage 可视染色情况：颜色和所占百分比
4, fluorescence: rate, color, intensity and percentage
荧光显示情况：级别，颜色，强度和百分比
5, cut: rate, color, intensity and natural color
泡荧光情况：级别，颜色，强度和自然颜色
2.2.4 Examples 描述范例
Sst: at 3185m. gy-wh . v hd . 70% cse gr . 20% m gr. 10% f gr. Subrnd-rnd
ireg shaped ctgs. Tr calc, no foss. No vis por. No fluo
砂岩：井深：3185米，灰色-白色，含70%的粗砂，20%的中砂，10%的细砂。
次圆-圆状，岩屑形状不规则，微含方解石。无化石。无可见孔隙。无荧光 Ls: at 4255m. wh-gy. M hd . ireg shaped ctgs. 90% of ctgs show v dri- yel/
gld fluo. Abnt free oil in mud as globs 2mm in dia 石灰岩：井深：4255米，白色-灰色，中硬。岩屑形状不规则。荧光灯下90% 的岩屑呈现亮黄--金黄色。泥浆中富含游离油，油花直径为2毫米。
2.2.5Terms and Phases in Discussion of Lithology Description
岩性描述讨论中使用的术语
standard log form 标准录井格式
the standard well log 标准录井图
the conventional strip log 常规条状录井图
stratigraphic column section 岩层柱状剖面图
cross section 横剖面图
vertical scale 垂直比例
expended scales 扩展比例
symbols , legends 岩性符号，图例
lithologic description 岩性描述 basic geologic work 基本的地质工作
written description 手绘描述
rock examination 岩石检验
rock analysis 岩石分析
rock and mineral identification 岩石和矿物鉴定
routine examination 常规检验
test with dilute HCl 用稀释的盐酸检验
treatment with acid 与酸反应
dilute acid 稀释盐酸
dot dilute hydrochloric acid 稀释的热盐酸
the effervescence test 起泡试验
degree of effervescence 起泡程度
degree of reaction 反应程度
immediately and sharply 立即，剧烈
quickly 快速的
slowly 慢的
acid polish, the etched surface 溶蚀面
nature of residue 残余物本质
the untreated rock fragment 未反应的岩石碎片
insoluable residue 非溶解残余物
lack of reaction with acid 与酸不反应
the soluble matrix 溶解性岩石骨架物质
hardness 硬度
scratching the rock fragment surface 划岩石随片表面 distinguishing different lithic type 区分不同岩性类型 thin section examination 薄片检验
grain-matrix relationship 颗粒骨架关系
grain-cement relationship 颗粒胶结关系
methods of logging 录井的方法
interpreative system 解释系统
different rock types 不同岩石类别
lithologic characteristics 岩性特征
drilling cutting 钻井岩屑
quality of samples 岩样的质量
percentage system 百分比系统
porosity estimates 孔隙度估计
scaning sample 扫描岩样
the standard order of description 岩性描述的标准顺序
rock compoents 岩石组份
grain size 颗粒大小
size grade 粒级
shape of grain 颗粒形状
evidence of wear 磨蚀痕迹
distribution of grains 颗粒分布
detection and evaluation of porosity 孔隙度的检测与评价
the volume of the void space in the rock 岩石中有效空间的体积
the capacity of a rock for transmitting a fluid 岩石传输流体的能力
effective porosity 有效孔隙度
qualitative estimates of the pore size 孔隙大小的定量估计
size of vugs 裂缝大小
the description of hydrocarbon 烃类的描述
a decision factor 决定因素
obvious shows 明显显示
positive indications of hydrocarbons in cuttings 钻屑中烃类存在的正标志 strength of odor 气味强度
oil odor, condensate odor 油味，凝析油味
on a fresh broken surface 新鲜断面
oil-bearing rock fragments 含油岩碎片
examination of hydrocarbon fluorescence 烃类物质荧光检测
mineral fluorescence 矿物荧光
hydrocarbon fluorescence 烃类荧光
the intensity range 强度范围
oil fluorescence 含油荧光
extremely weak 极弱
very weak 非常弱
weak, fair, strong 弱，一般，强
problems in interpreting drilling cuttings 钻屑解释中存在的问题
true cuttings 真实岩屑
fresh cutting 新鲜岩屑
flaky shape 块状
freshness of appearance 新鲜断面
cavings 坍塌物
re-circulation 再循环物
other contaminations 其他污染物
lost circulation materials 堵漏材料
obviously foreign materials 明显的外部物质
rock dust 岩石粉尘
powdered rock 粉末状岩石
sample lag correction error 岩屑迟后校正有误
foreign oil contamination 外部油品污染
pipe dope 钻杆丝扣油
grease 润滑油
fuel oil 燃料油
2.3 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY 石油地质
2.3.1 Application of Geology Concepts 地质概念的应用
geological factor 地质因素
early exploration 早期勘探
surface exploration 地面勘探
subsurface exploration 地下勘探
predrilling exploration 钻前勘探
geophysical exploration 地球物理勘探
geochemical exploration 地球化学勘探
seismograph 地震仪
the seismic method 地震勘探法
the gravimeter method 重力勘探法
the magnetometer 磁力勘探法
ERSAT Earth Resource Satellite 地球资源卫星
exploration application 勘探应用
basin evaluation 盆地评价
wildcat wells 区域范围内预探井
2.3.2 Depositional Environment 沉积环境
depositional basin 沉积盆地
sedimentary environment 沉积环境
depositional environment 沉积环境
recent depositional environment 近代沉积环境
interpretation of environment 环境解释
environment color 环境颜色
post-depositional history of the sediments 沉积物的后沉积历史
geological history 地质历史
history of deposit 沉积历史
depositional sequence 沉积序列
geochemical environment 地球化学环境
the significant indicators of environment of deposition 沉积环境的明显标志 diagnostic fossile 特征化石
internal structure of fossils 化石的内部结构 sedimentary structures 沉积构造
syngenetic structure 同生构造
compacting 压实作用
cementation 胶结作用
sorting 分选作用
oxidation 氧化作用
continental aeolian 陆相风成
deltaic 三角洲
aeolian 风成三角洲
alluvial 冲击三角洲
transitional deltaic 海陆过渡三角洲沉积相 coastal interdeltaic 三角洲滨海沉积相
deltaic plain 三角洲平原
prodeltaic plain 前三角洲平原
marine 海相沉积
normal marine 正常海相
slope 大陆坡
shelf 大陆架
offshore area 浅海地区
deep ocean areas 深海地区
deep 深海
2.3.3 Geological Structures 地质构造
earth movement 地壳运动
crustal movement of the earth 地壳运动
contour map 等高线图，构造图
the structural arrangement 构造排列
old shoreline 古岸线
pinchout 地层尖灭
truncation of beds 地层截断
sand trend 砂层趋势
strata / beds 岩层，地层
fold 褶皱
anticline 背斜
syncline 向斜
symme trical anticline 对称背斜
plunging asymme trical anticline 不对称倾伏背斜 plunging syncline 倾伏向斜
fault 断层
normal fault 正断层
reverse fault 逆断层
thrust fault 逆掩断层
lateral fault 平移断层
rotational fault 旋转断层
upthrust fault 仰冲断层
unconformity 不整合
discon conformity 假整合
angular unconformity 角度不整合
salt dome 盐丘
dome with deep salt core 具有盐核的穹隆
vitrinite 镜质体
geological profile 地质剖面
outcrops 露头
unweathered outcrops 未经风化的露头
cuttings 岩屑
core 岩心
2.3.4 Origin & Migration of Petroleum 油气的成因与运移
a source of oil and gas 油气源
sedimentary rocks 沉积岩
in the absence of oxygen 缺氧的环境
source rocks 生油岩
organic matter 有机物质
land-delivered organic matter 陆生有机物
living organisms 有机生物
the marine life 海洋生物
the microscope and plant life 微生物，植物
sediment / deposit 沉积物
clastic material 碎屑物
chemical precipitates 化学沉积物
source of petroleum 油母质
proteins 蛋白质
organic carbon 有机碳
the organic carbon content 有机碳的含量
kerogen 干烙根
humus 腐殖质
peat 泥碳
heavy hydrocarbon 重烃
saturated hydrocarbon 饱和烃
unsaturated hydrocarbon 非饱和烃
nonhydrocarbon compounds 非烃类化合物
origin of petroleum 石油的成因
origin of gas 天然气的成因
maturation of petroleum 石油的成熟度
formation temperature 地层温度
geological age(maturity) 地质年龄（成熟度）
depth of bural 埋藏深度
basin position 盆地位置
occuurrence of petroleum 石油的产状
salinity 矿化度
sulfur content 含硫量
crude oil gravity 原油的比重
refractive index 折射率
flash and burn point 闪光点和燃点
cloud and pour point 浊点和倾点
coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数
density 密度
odor 气味
optical activity 旋光性
wax content 含蜡量
under normal hydrostatic pressure 一般流体静压力下
movement of water 原生水的运动
natural driving force 自然驱动力
overlying sediment 上覆沉积物
migration 油气的运移
primary migration 初次运移
secondery migration 二次运移
2.3.5 Petroleum Accumulation 石油的聚集
petroleum reservoir 石油储集层
reservoir rocks 储集岩
sandstone reservoir 砂岩储集层
carbonate reservoir 碳酸盐岩储集层
sufficient thickness 有效的厚度
good reservoir porosity and permeable 良好的储层孔隙度和渗透率 porosity 孔隙度
permeablity 渗透率
sufficient areal extent and pore space 足够的面积和孔隙空间
solution channels 溶洞
fracturing 裂隙
the porosity characteristic of rocks 岩石的孔隙特征
the intergranular porosity of sandstone 砂岩的粒间孔隙
interparticle （颗粒和晶体间的）粒间孔隙
intraparticle （颗粒溶解引起的）粒间孔隙
the pore space of rock formation 岩层孔隙空间
reservoir pressure 储层压力
formation pressure 地层压力
the hydrostatic pressure 流体静压力
the hydrostatical pressure gradient 静水压力梯度
trap 圈闭
basic reservoir traps 储集层基本圈闭
fault traps 断层圈闭
anticline traps 背斜圈闭
stratigraphic traps 地层圈闭
lenticular traps 透镜体圈闭
hydrocarbon traps 烃类圈闭
potential hydrocarbon traps 潜在的烃类圈闭
thrust traps 逆掩断层圈闭
hydrodynamic traps(moving liquid) 水动力圈闭
updip termination of porosity 上倾尖灭
change in lithology 岩性变化
convergence 地层敛合
erosion 侵蚀
faulting 断层
piercement 刺穿
onlap 超覆
arched upper surface 上表层隆起
folded 褶皱
differential thickness 不同厚度
differential porosity 不同孔隙度
anticline reservoir structure 背斜储层结构
impermeable cover 非渗透性盖层
shale and evaporites 页岩和蒸发岩
2.3.6 Oilfield Fluid 油田流体
reservoir fluid 储集层流体
reservoir water 储层水
water saturation 含水饱和度
concentration of dissolved solids 溶解固体的浓度composition of dissolved solids 溶解固体的成份
saltwater 盐水
freshwater 淡水
connate intertital water 原生孔隙水
subsurface water sample 地下水样
subsurface liquid 地下流体
mobile liquid 流性流体
viscous liquid 粘性流体
fluid distribution 流体分布
reservoir oil and gas 储层油气
oil zone 油层
gas zone 气层
oil-water contact 油水接触面gas-to-oil contact 油气接触面gas cap 气顶
gas-to-oil transition zone 油气过渡带oil /gas ratio 油气比
crude oil 原油
the liquid oil 石油液体solution gas 溶解气
free gas 游离气
natural gas 天然气
LNG liquid natural gas 液化天然气undersaturated 欠饱和状态undersaturated oil 欠饱和原油supersaturated 超饱和composition of petroleum 石油成份molecular size 分子大小molecular type 分子类型carbon 碳
hydrogen 氢
sulfur 硫
nitrogen 氮
oxygen 氧
hydrocarbon 碳烃化合物saturated hydrocarbon 饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon 非饱和烃naphthenes 环烷烃
dry gas 干气
wet gas 湿气
methane 甲烷
ethane 乙烷
propone 丙烷
n-butane 异丁烷
iso-butane 正丁烷
pentane 戊烷
hexane 己烷
heptane 庚烷
octane 辛烷
nonane 壬烷
decane 癸烷
olefins 烯烃
ethylene 乙烯
propylene 丙烯
aromatics 芳香烃
paraffins 石蜡组烃
benzene 苯
toluene 甲苯
xylene 二甲苯
wax 蜡
asphalts沥青
natural gasoline 天然汽油
gasoline 汽油
kerosene 煤油
gas-oil , diesel 柴油
lubricating oil 润滑油
fuel oil 燃料油
residuum 残余油
2.4 GEOLOGICAL PROGRAMME 地质设计
CONTENTS: 目录
1, Well Data 基本数据
well name 井名
surface location 地表位置
seismic line 地震测线
latitude 经度
longitude 纬度
UTM co-ordinates 通用横向麦卡托图坐标
ELEV. AMSL above mean sea level 平均地表海拔高度
well type 井别
exploration( wildcat) 区域探井（野猫井）
deviation deviated hole 井斜情况，斜井
total depth 设计井深
ground elevation 地面海拔
casing depths 设计套管下深
primary target 主要钻探目的层
secondary target 次要钻探目的层
tertiary target 第三钻探目的层
megasequence 巨层层序，地层层序
confidential classification 密级，保密级别
confidential 机密，密件
tight hole 保密井
HTHPW high temperature high pressure well 高温高压井 operator, partners 施工者，合伙人
2, Geological Setting and Structure 地质环境和构造
a thrust anticline 逆冲断层，逆掩断层
dip clourse 倾角闭合
a major thrust fault 主要的逆掩断层
additional minor fault 另外次要的断层
the core of anticline 背斜的核心部位
the early structure 早期的构造
a migration pathway 运移的途径
3、Objectives and Targets 目的层
the main reservoir objectives 主要储集层目标
structure/stratigraphic trap 构造/地层圈闭
the nearest offset well 最近的对比井
the nature and quality of reservoir 储集层的本质与质量 final interpretation 最终解释
the key seismic horizons 主要的地震反射界面
the seismic reflectivity 地震反射率
RMS (resistivity of mud sample) velocity 泥浆样电阻率速度 the velocity data 速度数据
the well design 井身设计
geological / pressure regime 地质压力领域
4、Geological Prognosis 地质预报，地质预测stratigraphy and lithological summary 地层和岩性概述geological description 地质描述
detailed description 详细的描述
a marked change in seismic faces 地震界面标志性的变化 geological hazards 地质危险，危害
controls on overpressure 超压的控制
voerpressure techniques 超压技术
shallow gas 浅层气
differential sticking 压差卡钻
hole gauge 井径问题，通井规
hole ovality 椭圆井眼问题
wash-outs 冲蚀
clay prone sections 粘土倾斜井段
poor hole conditions 较差的井眼情况
hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢
sour gas 含硫气体
temperatures gradients 温度梯度
the bottom hole temperature 井底温度
5, Sampling and Coring Programme 取样和取心程序
sample frequency 取样频率
sample quality 岩样质量要求
conventional coring 常规取心
additional coring 额外取心
contingent cores 临时取心，意外取心
drilling breaks and significant hydrocarbon show 钻进放空和明显的烃显示 core handling procedure 岩心处理程序
catching, marking, packaging 出心，做标记，装箱
quick lithology and hydrocarbon check 岩性和烃显示快速检查
percentage recovery 收获百分比
core despatch 岩样输送，送样
sidewall coring 井壁取心
sidewall coring programme 井壁取心程序
6, Logging Programme 测井程序
LWD logging while drilling 随钻测井
SWD seismic while drilling 随钻地震
pore pressure predication 孔隙压力预测
wireline logging 电缆测井
7、Personnel Responsibilities and Reporting Structure 人员责任和汇报程序
the geological personnel 地质人员
the operation geologist 作业地质师
petroleum engineer 现场工程师
drilling superintendent 钻井监督
the well site geologist 现场地质师
evaluating the geological information 评价地质信息
a lithological description 岩性描述
geologist 地质师
cuttings description and analysis 岩屑描述与分析
the main daily reports 每日主要报告
the mud logging engineer 泥浆录井工程师
mud log 泥浆录井图
morning report 早报
report 汇报
all significant drilling breaks 明显的钻进放空
hydrocarbon shows 烃显示
mud pit gains or losses 泥浆罐增益与漏失
a standard carbide lag check 标准的电石气迟后检查
8, Appendix
Description: 方案：Design, Scheme 初步设计：Primary Design 施工图 CD: Construction Design Fuction 功能区 Light 灯具 Droplight 吊灯 吸顶灯 Entrance 入口 Living room 客厅 Sitting room 起居室 Embed light 嵌灯 Dinning room 餐厅 Daylight lamp 日光灯 Kitchen 厨房 Reflect down light 筒灯 Office 书房 Quartz down-light 石英灯Master bedroom 主卧房 Votage track light 射灯 Quest bedroom 客卧 Track light 轨道灯 Children bedroom 儿童房Picture light 镜画灯
Hiding light 暗藏灯管Projection room 视听室Dressing room 更衣室 Wall lamp 壁灯 Storeroom 储藏室 Reading lamp 台灯 Master bathroom 主卫Floor lamp 落地灯Bathroom 卫生间 Bathroom fixture 卫生洁具Wash room 洗衣房Staircase 楼梯 Washbowl 洗手台[台盆] Aisle 过道 Water faucet 水龙头Closestool 座便器 Gazebe 阳台 Urinal 小便斗 Garden 花园 Bathtab 浴缸 Swimming pool 游泳池Shower bath 淋浴房Furniture 家具 Wiring 电器设备
2. GEOLOGY地质 2.1 LITHOLOGY CASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION ORDER 岩性分类和描述顺序 2.1.1 Rock Types 岩石类型 Sedi Sedimentry 沉积岩 clas clastic 碎屑岩 ss sandstone 砂岩 mdst mudstone 泥岩 sh shale 页岩 clyst, clst claystone 粘土岩 sd sand 砂 mSsd medium sandstone 中砂岩 fsst fine sandstone 细砂岩 bldr boulder 卵石 pbl pebble 卵石 grl gravel 砾石 cgl conglomerate 砾岩 gywk graywacke 硬砂岩 cbl cobble 大鹅卵石 ark arkose 长石砂岩 grnl granule 粒砂 brec breccic 角砾岩 bioc bioclastic 生物碎屑岩 vcrs sst very coarse sandstone 极粗砂岩 argl argillite 泥板岩 gyp gypsum 石膏 anhy anhydrite 硬石膏 slt salt 盐岩 flint-lingite 隧石 carbonate 碳酸盐岩 ls limestone 灰岩，石灰岩 dolo dolomite 白云石 dolst dolostone 白云岩
mrls marlstone 泥灰石 coq coquina 贝壳灰岩 biosp biosparte 生物亮晶灰岩 biomi biomicrite 生物微晶灰岩 clcar calcarenite 灰屑岩，钙屑灰岩 clclt calcilutite 泥屑石灰岩 micr micrite 微晶灰岩 clcrd calcirudite 砾屑石灰岩 clslt calcisilitite 粉砂屑石灰岩 grst grainstone 粒状灰岩 oolitic limestone 鲕状灰岩 Igneous Rock 火成岩 intrusive igneous 侵入岩 extrusive igneous 喷出岩 volc colcanic 火山岩 grt granite 花岗岩 dr diorite 闪长岩 grdr grano diorite 花岗闪长岩 qu dr quartz diorite 石英闪长岩 dr po diorite porphyrite 闪长玢岩 syenite 正长岩 gab, gb gabbro 辉长岩 qu po quartz porphyrite 石英玢岩 an andesite 安山岩 bas basalt 玄武岩 arag aragonite 纹石，霞石 Meta Metsmorphic rock 变质岩 phyl phyllite 千枚岩 sl slate 板岩 sch schist 片岩 mbl marble 大理岩 gne gneiss 片麻岩 qtzt quartzite 石英岩 novac novaculite致密石英岩 2.1.2 COL Color, Colour 颜色 blk black 黑色 brn brown 棕色 yel yellow 黄色 gy, gry grey 灰色
设计师常用英语词汇-[工业设计篇](2008-06-04 16:43:01)转载▼标签：工业设计id英语词汇艺术装饰传播艺术教育分类：资源分享 1 设计 Design 2 现代设计 Modern Design 3 工艺美术设计 Craft Design 4 工业设计 Industrial Design 5 广义工业设计 Genealized Industrial Design 6 狭义工业设计 Narrow Industrial Design 7 产品设计 Product Design 8 传播设计 Communication Design 8 环境设计 Environmental Design 9 商业设计 Comercial Design 10 建筑设计 Architectural 11 一维设计 One-dimension Design 12 二维设计 Tow-dimension Design 13 三维设计 Three-dimension Design 14 四维设计 Four-dimension Design 15 装饰、装潢 Decoration 16 家具设计 Furniture Design 17 玩具设计 Toy Design 18 室内设计 Interior Design 19 服装设计 Costume Design 20 包装设计 ackaging Design
21 展示设计 Display Design 22 城市规划 Urban Desgin 23 生活环境 Living Environment 24 都市景观 Townscape 25 田园都市 Gardon City 26 办公室风致 Office Landscape 27 设计方法论 Design Methodology 28 设计语言 Design Language 29 设计条件 Design Condition 30 结构设计 Structure Design 31 形式设计 Form Design 32 设计过程 Design Process 33 构思设计 Concept Design 34 量产设计，工艺设计 Technological Design 35 改型设计 Model Change 36 设计调查 Design Survey 37 事前调查 Prior Survey 38 动态调查 Dynamic Survey 39 超小型设计 Compact type 40 袖珍型设计 Pocktable Type 41 便携型设计 Protable type 42 收纳型设计 Selfcontainning Design
地质专业英语词汇A a hoｒｉzoｎ a 层位 a ｌiｎeaｔioｎ a 线理 a ｔwin ａ双晶 aａ lava 块熔岩 ａａlenian ｓｔage 阿林阶 ａbaｎdon 废弃 abandoned mｉne 废弃得矿山abandoｎeｄ well 废孔 ａｂａtｉs 通风隔墙 abdomｅn 腹部 ａｂdomｉｎａl apｐendage 腹肢abdominal cａvity 腹腔 ａbdｏminal fin 腹 abｄｕctoｒ外展肌 aｂduｃｔor musｃlｅ外展肌abeｒnaｔｈyｉte 水砷钾铀矿 ａbｅｒrａtｉoｎ象差 aｂichite 光线矿 abiogｅｎesis 自然发生abiogenｙ自然发生 ａbioｔiｃ faｃtor 非生物因素ablatiｏn 剥蚀 ａblatiｏn brｅccia 剥蚀角砾岩ablａtiｏn ｍorａiｎe 消融碛ablation skin 熔蚀皮 ablatｉｏｎtill 消融碛ablyｋite 阿布石 aｂnormａｌ异常得 abnormal inteｒfｅrｅnce colｏr 异常干涉色 abnorｍal metamorphisｍ异常 变质酌 abolｉｔion 废除 ａbrade 剥蚀 aｂraｓioｎ海蚀 aｂrasｉoｎｐlatｆorｍ磨蚀台 地 abrasｉｏn surfａｃe 浪蚀面 abrａｓion terraｃe 磨蚀阶地 aｂraｓioｎn teｓｔ磨耗试验 abrasive 磨料；海蚀得 abrazｉte 多水高岭土 aｂｓarｏｋite 正边玄武岩 abｓitｅ钍钛铀矿 aｂsoｌｕtｅ age 绝对年龄 ａｂsoluｔｅ black bodｙ绝对 黑体 aｂsｏlｕｔe chronoｌoｇｙ绝对 年代学 absｏluｔe dａtｉｎｇ绝对年 代测定 absolｕte gｅopoｔenｔial 绝对 重力势 absoluｔe porosity 绝对孔隙率 absｏlute ｐressｕre 绝对压力 absoｌutｅｓtｒuctuｒe 绝对构 造 ａbsoｒbeｄ waｔer 吸附水 abｓoｒbeｎｔ吸收剂 aｂsorber 吸收器 absorbing well 吸水井 ａbsorption 吸收 ａbsoｒption axis 吸收轴 abｓｏrptioｎｂordｅｒ融蚀缘 absorption ｃｕrve 吸收曲线 ａbsorptｉon eｄgｅ吸收端 absoｒptｉon fａctor 吸收率 absoｒpｔiｏn spｅctrum 吸收 光谱 abｓｏrｐtiｖe caｐaciｔｙ吸收 率 aｂｓorptivｉty 吸收性 ａbuｋｕmａlite 铋磷灰石 aｂundanｃｅ丰度 ａｂunｄａｎｃe of elｅｍeｎts 元素丰度 abuｎｄaｎce oｆｉsｏｔopes 同位素丰度 aｂundance rａtｉo of isotopeｓ 同位素相对丰度 abysｍaｌｄeｐｏsits 深海沉积 物 abｙsｓ深海 aｂyssal 深海得 abysｓaｌ benｔhic zone 深渊底 栖带 abｙｓsal ｄepoｓｉts 深海沉积 物 abyｓsａｌｆacies 深海相 abｙsｓaｌ hills proｖiｎce 深 海丘陵区
方案：Design, Scheme 初步设计：Primary Design 施工图CD: Construction DesignFuction 功能区Light 灯具Droplight 吊灯吸顶灯Entrance 入口Living room 客厅Sitting room 起居室Embed light 嵌灯Dinning room 餐厅Daylight lamp 日光灯Kitchen 厨房Reflect down light 筒灯Office 书房Quartz down-light 石英灯Master bedroom 主卧房Votage track light 射灯Quest bedroom 客卧Track light 轨道灯Children bedroom 儿童房Picture light 镜画灯Hiding light 暗藏灯管Projection room 视听室Dressing room 更衣室Wall lamp 壁灯Storeroom 储藏室Reading lamp 台灯Master bathroom 主卫Floor lamp 落地灯Bathroom 卫生间Bathroom fixture 卫生洁具Wash room 洗衣房Staircase 楼梯Washbowl 洗手台[台盆]Aisle 过道Water faucet 水龙头Closestool 座便器Gazebe 阳台Urinal 小便斗Garden 花园Bathtab 浴缸Swimming pool 游泳池Shower bath 淋浴房Furniture 家具Wiring 电器设备Cupboard 厨房橱柜Television 电视机Drink box 酒柜Sound box 音响Bar 吧台Washer 洗衣机Dinning table 餐桌Bedstand 床头柜Bed 床Bookcase 书柜Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜Electrical outlet 插座Chest of drawers 藏衣柜Switch 开关TV set 电视柜Air-condition 空调Tea table 茶几Immersion heater 电热水壶Sofa 沙发Electric cooker 电饭褒Reclining chair 躺椅Macrowave oven 微波炉Chair 椅子Refrigeratory 冰箱American interior design; 美国室内设计 American interior designer; 美国室内设计师 Residential design; 私家住宅设计； Villa design (single family home design); 别墅设计； Office design; 办公室设计； Commercial design; 非住宅设计（商务楼设计；写字楼设计；公共场所设计）Californian interior design; 加州室内设计 Californian interior designer; 加州室内设计师 Model home design; 样板房设计 Clubhouse interior design;会所室内设计 American furniture design;美国家具设计 Foreign interior design; 外国室内设计 Foreign interior designer; 外国室内设计师PLAN —设计方案Interior design –室内设计Exterior 室外Landscape design –景观设计Architecture design –建筑设计designer –设计师baseplan –基础建筑图floor plan –平面图elevation -立面图RCP = 天花吊顶设计= Reflected Ceiling Planelectric plan = 电线走线图furniture plan –家具布置平面图interior plant plan –室内植物摆放图window schedule –窗表door schedule –门表美国室内设计有两种合同：一种叫做specification，就是只设计，不负责采购室内陈设；另外一种是turnkey，字面意思就是交钥匙，设计师负责设计同时也负责采购室内全部用品用具，包括家具、摆设、艺术皮、画、床上用品、地毯等。后者主要是有钱人家采用的方式比较多，这样才能保证质量。因为设计师更能贯彻自己的设计理念，保证采购回来的东西风格统一并且由于设计师采购的价格是批发价，所以实际上主人并不需要多付钱。Chair Rail –挡椅线也可以叫做腰线Picture rair –挂镜线
家具设计的基本尺寸(单位:厘米) 衣橱:深度:一般60~65;推拉门:70,衣橱门宽度:40~65 推拉门:75~150,高度:190~240 矮柜:深度:35~45,柜门宽度:30-60 电视柜:深度:45-60,高度:60-70 单人床:宽度:90,105,120;长度:180,186,200,210 双人床:宽度:135,150,180;长度180,186,200,210 圆床:直径:186,212、5,242、4(常用) 室内门:宽度:80-95,医院120;高度:190,200,210,220,240 厕所、厨房门:宽度:80,90;高度:190,200,210 窗帘盒:高度:12-18;深度:单层布12;双层布16-18(实际尺寸) 沙发:单人式:长度:80-95,深度:85-90;坐垫高:35-42;背高:70-90 双人式:长度:126-150;深度:80-90 三人式:长度:175-196;深度:80-90 四人式:长度:232-252;深度80-90 茶几:小型,长方形:长度60-75,宽度45-60,高度38-50(38最佳) 中型,长方形:长度120-135;宽度38-50或者60-75 正方形:长度75-90,高度43-50 大型,长方形:长度150-180,宽度60-80,高度33-42(33最佳) 圆形:直径75,90,105,120;高度:33-42 方形:宽度90,105,120,135,150;高度33-42 书桌:固定式:深度45-70(60最佳),高度75 活动式:深度65-80,高度75-78 书桌下缘离地至少58;长度:最少90(150-180最佳) 餐桌:高度75-78(一般),西式高度68-72,一般方桌宽度120,90,75; 长方桌宽度80,90,105,120;长度150,165,180,210,240 圆桌:直径90,120,135,150,180 书架:深度25-40(每一格),长度:60-120;下大上小型下方深度35-45,高度80-90
工业设计专业英语词汇 设计的分类与方法学 1 设计Design 2 现代设计Modern Design 3 工艺美术设计Craft Design 4 工业设计Industrial Design 5 广义工业设计Genealized In-dustrial Design 6 狭义工业设计Narrow Industrial Design 7 产品设计Product Design 8 传播设计Communication De-sign 9 商业设计Comercial Design 10 建筑设计Architectural 11 一维设计One-dimension De-sign 12 二维设计Tow-dimension De-sign 13 三维设计Three-dimension Design 14 四维设计Four-dimension De-sign 15 装饰、装潢Decoration 16 家具设计Furniture Design 17 玩具设计Toy Design 18 室内设计Interior Design 19 服装设计Costume Design 20 包装设计ackaging Design 21 展示设计Display Design 22 城市规划Urban Desgin 23 生活环境Living Environment 24 都市景观Townscape 25 田园都市Gardon City 26 办公室风致Office Landscape 27 设计方法论Design Methodol-ogy 28 设计语言Design Language 29 设计条件Design Condition 30 结构设计Structure Design 31 形式设计Form Design 32 设计过程Design Process 33 构思设计Concept Design 34 量产设计，工艺设计Techno-logical Design 35 改型设计Model Change 36 设计调查Design Survey 37 事前调查Prior Survey 38 动态调查Dynamic Survey 39 超小型设计Compact type 40 袖珍型设计Pocktable Type 41 便携型设计Protable type 42 收纳型设计Selfcontainning Design 43 装配式设计Knock Down Type 44 集约化设计Stacking Type 45 成套化设计Set (Design) 46 家族化设计Family (Design) 47 系列化设计Series (Design) 48 组合式设计Unit Design 49 仿生设计Bionics Design 50 功能Function 51 独创性Originality 52 创造力Creative Power 53 外装Facing 54 创造性思维Creating Thinking 55 等价变换思维Equivalent Transformationn Thought 56 KJ法Method of K.J 57 戈顿法Synectice 58 集体创造性思维法Brain Storming 59 设计决策(Design) Decision Making 60 T-W-M体系T-W-M system 61 O-R-M体系O-R-M system 62 印象战略Image Stralegy 63 AIDMA原则Law of AIDMA 64 功能分化Functional Differen- tiation 65 功能分析Functional Analysis 66 生命周期Life Cycle 67 照明设计Illumination Design 设计色彩方法 1 色Color 2 光谱Spectrum 3 物体色Object Color 4 固有色Propor Color 5 色料Coloring Material 6 色觉三色学说Three-Compo- nent Theary 7 心理纯色Unique Color 8 拮抗色学说Opponent Color Theory 9 色觉的阶段模型Stage Model of the Color Perception 10 色彩混合Color Mixing 11 基本感觉曲线Trisimulus Valus Curves 12 牛顿色环Newton's Color Cy- cle 13 色矢量Color Vector 14 三原色Three Primary Colors 15 色空间Color Space 16 色三角形Color Triangle 17 测色Colourimetry 18 色度Chromaticity 19 XYZ表色系XYZ Color System 20 实色与虚色Real Color and Im- aginary Color 21 色等式Color Equation 22 等色实验Color Matching Ex- periment 23 色温Color Temperature 24 色问轨迹Color Temperature Locus 25 色彩三属性Three Attribtes and Color 26 色相Hue 27 色相环Color Cycle 28 明度Valve 29 彩度Chroma 30 环境色Environmetal Color 31 有彩色Chromatic Color 32 无彩色Achromatic Colors 33 明色Light Color 34 暗色Dark Color 35 中明色Middle Light Color 36 清色Clear Color 37 浊色Dull Color 38 补色Complementary Color 39 类似色Analogous Color 40 一次色Primary Color 41 二次色Secondary Color 42 色立体Color Solid 43 色票Color Sample 44 孟塞尔表色系Munsell's Color System 45 奥斯特瓦德表色系Ostwald's Color System 46 日本色研色体系Practical Color Co-ordinate System 47 色彩工程Color Engineering 48 色彩管理Color Control 49 色彩再现Color Reproduction 50 等色操作Color Matching 51 色彩的可视度Visibility Color 52 色彩恒常性Color Constancy 53 色彩的对比Color Contrast 54 色彩的同化Color Assimilation 55 色彩的共感性Color Synesthe- sia 56 暖色与冷色Warm Color and Cold Color 57 前进色与后退色Advancing Color Receding Color 58 膨胀色与收缩色Expansive Color and Contractile Color 59 重色与轻色Heavy Color and Light Color 60 色价Valeur 61 色调Color Tone 62 暗调Shade 63 明调Tint 64 中间调Halftone 65 表面色Surface Color 66 平面色Film Color 67 色彩调和Color Harmony 68 配色Color Combination 69 孟塞尔色彩调和Munsell's Color Harmony 70 奥斯特瓦德色彩调和Ostwald's Color Harmony 71 孟.斯本瑟色彩调和 Moon.Spencer's Color Harmony 72 色彩的感情Feeling of Color 73 色彩的象征性Color Symbol- ism 74 色彩的嗜好Color Preference 75 流行色Fashion Color 76 色彩的功能性Color Function- alism 77 色彩规划Color Planning 78 色彩调节Color Conditioning 79 色彩调整Color Coordinetion 80 色彩设计Color Design 材料与加工成型技术 材料Material 材料规划Material Planning 材料评价Material Appraisal 金属材料Metal Materials 无机材料Inorganic Materials 有机材料Organic Materials 复合材料Composite Materials 天然材料Natural Materials 加工材料Processing Materials 人造材料Artificial Materials 黑色金属Ferrous Metal 有色金属Nonferrous Metal 轻金属材料Light Metal Materials 辅助非铁金属材料Byplayer Non- ferrous Metal Materials 高熔点金属材料High Melting Point Metal Materials 贵金属材料Precions Metal Mate- rials 陶瓷Ceramics 水泥Cement 搪瓷、珐琅Enamel 玻璃Glass 微晶玻璃Glass Ceramics 钢化玻璃Tuflite Glass 感光玻璃Photosensitive Glass 纤维玻璃Glass Fiber 耐热玻璃Hear Resisting Glass 塑料Plastics 通用塑料Wide Plastics 工程塑料Engineering Plastics 热塑性树脂Thermoplastic Resin 热固性树脂Thermosetting Resin 橡胶Rubber 粘接剂Adhesives 涂料Paints 树脂Resin 聚合物Polymer 聚丙烯树脂Polypropylene 聚乙烯树脂Polyethylene Resin 聚苯乙烯树脂Polystyrene Resin 聚氯乙烯树脂Polyvinyl Chloride Resin 丙烯酸树脂Methyl Methacrylate Resin 聚烯胺树脂，尼龙Polyamide Resin 氟化乙烯树脂Polyfurol Resin 聚缩醛树脂Polyacetal Resin 聚碳酸脂树脂Polycarbonate Resin 聚偏二氯乙烯树脂Polyvinylidene Resin 聚醋酸乙烯脂树脂Polyvinyl Ace- tate Resin 聚烯亚胺树脂Polyimide Resin 酚醛树脂Phenolic Formaldehyde
The Earth From classical times it has been known that the earth is roughly spherical in shape. Actually the planet is shaped more like a slightly flattened ball whose polar radius is about 21km shorter than its equatorial radius. The average radius is 6371km. The earth’s specific gravity is 5.5. It is 5.5 times as heavy as an equal volume of water. The specific gravity is greater than that of any other planet in the solar system, but not appreciably different from that of Mercury, Venus and Mars. Because the average specific gravity of surface rocks is only about 2.7, the material existing deep within the earth must have a specific gravity well in excess of the 5.5 average. Very likely, the material at the earth’s center has a specific gravity as high as about 15. The splendid photographs of the earth taken from space by Apollo astronauts remind us that our planet is more than a rocky globe orbiting the sun. The patterns of white clouds above the azure blue color tell us of the presence of an atmosphere and hydrosphere. Here and there one can even discern patches of tan that indicates the existence of continents. Greenish hues provide evidence of the planet’s most remarkable feature: there is life on earth. THE A TMOSPHERE We live beneath a thin but vital envelope of gases called atmosphere. We refer to these gases as air. “Pure air”is composed mainly of nitrogen (78.03%) and oxygen 920.99%). The remaining 0.98% of air is made of argon, carbon dioxide and minute quantities of other gases. One of these “other”components found mostly in the upper atmosphere is a form of oxygen called ozone. Ozone absorbs much of the sun’s lethal ultraviolet radiation, and is thus of critical importance organisms on the surface of the earth. Air also contains from 0.1 percent to 5.0 percent of water vapor. However, because this moisture content is so variable, it is not usually included in lists of atmospheric components. Every day, the atmosphere receives radiation from the sun. This solar radiation provides the energy that heats the atmosphere and drives the winds. Distribution of solar radiation is one of the most important factors in determining the various kinds of climate we experience on the earth. THE HYDROSPHERE（水圈） The discontinuous envelope of water that covers 71 percent of earth’s surface is called hydrosphere. It includes the ocean as well as water vapor. The water contained in streams and lakes, water frozen in glaciers, and water that occurs underground in the pores and cavities of rocks. If surface irregularities such as continents and deep oceanic basins and trenches were smoothed out, water would completely cover the earth to a depth of more than two kilometers. Water is an exceedingly important geologic agent. Glacier composed of water in its solid form alter the shape of the land by scouring, transporting and depositing rock debris. Because water has the property of dissolving many natural compounds, it contributes significantly to the decomposition of rocks and, therefore, to the development of soils on which we depend for food. Water moving relentlessly down hill as sheetwash, in rills, and in streams loosens and carries away the particles of rock to lower elevations where they are deposited as layers of sediment. Clearly, the process of sculpturing our landscapes is primarily dependent upon water. By far the greatest part of the hydrosphere is contained within the ocean basins. These basins are of enormous interest to geologists who have discovered that they are not permanent and immobile as once believed, but rather are dynamic and ever changing. There is ample evidence
常用室内设计词汇-中英文对照 室内设计-interior design 室内设计师- interior designer 建筑-architecture 建筑师-architect 景观-landscape 家具-furniture 灯光-lighting 照明-illumination 家居设计-residential design 商业设计-commercial design 软装-FF&E（furniture fixture and equipment) 人体工程学-ergonomics 空间-space 精品酒店-boutique hotel 草图-draft or sketch 规格-specification 汇报或讲解-presentation 渲染或着色-rendering 透视-perspective 规范-code 对称-symmetry 不对称-asymmetry 轴线-axis 空间篇 住宅类 客厅，起居室—living room 餐厅-dinning room 玄关-foyer 卧室-bedroom 主卧-master bedroom 次卧-second bedroom 客卧-guest bedroom 厨房-Kitchen 厨岛kitchen island 书房-study room 衣帽间-cloakroom 卫生间-bathroom , toilet , bath 储藏室-storage 楼梯-stair 阳台-balcony 花园-garden 露台-patio 商业类 1办公类 接待处- reception 候客区-waiting Area or lounge 会议室（小型的）-meeting room or seminar 会议室（大型的）-conference room 办公室- office 经理办公室manager office 开放式的工作区-work area 多功能室-multi-function room 2酒店类 入口-entrance 出口-exit 大堂-lobby 前厅-vestibule 过道-corridor 休闲区,等候区-lounge 宴会厅-ballroom 客房-guestroom 套间-suite 行政套房-executive suite 总统套房-presidential suite 健身中心—fitness center or gym 瑜伽-yoga 泳池-swimming pool Spa 咖啡厅-cafe 酒吧-bar 餐厅-restaurant 备餐-pantry 电梯-elevation or lift 卫生间-restroom 男-men's 女women's 影院-cinema 商务中心-business center 行李间-luggage store 盥洗室-lavatory 3其他类 天花-ceiling 长廊-pavilion 零售店-retail store 大厅(堂）-hall 展览-gallery
A.O.D 有偏差接收 Accessory 附件 accessory附件 ACCOUNTING 会计Accounting 会计 Actuate switch 启动开关Adapter 火牛 adaptor 火牛 Adhesive tape 胶粘带 Adjustor 调节器 Agitator 搅拌器 Air intel 进气口Aluminum foil tape 铝箔带Anchor 锚 aperance 外观 Appearance 外观 approve 认可 Approve 认可AQL 允收水准Armature 电枢/转子assembly 部件 Assembly 装配 B.O.M 物料清单 Ball holder 铜珠套筒 bar 杆 bar code 条形码 Bar code 条形码 Barbed connector 有倒扣的连接片Bar 棒 Battery cave cover 电池盒/盖Battery cave 电池底壳Battery tag 电池片 battery 电池 Battery 电池 bearing 轴承 Bearing-lock 轴承-锁 Bearing 轴承 belt 皮带
bit 铁嘴 Bit guard 防护罩 Bit storage 批嘴储存件 Bit 铁嘴Blocks 量块 Block 量块 BMC 工具盒 Bottle connector 瓶口连接Bottom cabinet-charger 充电座底壳bottom 底部 Bottom 底部 Box 箱BOX 组件 Box 组件 Bracket 固定架/支架 Brand label 商标贴纸 Bristle brush 毛刷 Bristle holder 毛刷(柄) Brush roller 毛刷巻轴 Brush 刷子/碳刷 Bubble lever 水平珠 Bucket 箱 Bulb reflector 电灯反射器 Bulb support 电灯泡支撑座 Bundle 捆/扎 burr 毛刺 Burr 毛刺 bush 轴套 Bushing-bearing lock 轴套锁製Bushing-case adaptor 轴套外套适配器Bush-output shaft 带轴套的输出轴Bush 轴套 button 按钮Button 按钮cabinet 壳 Cabinet-cover 面壳 Cabinet-support 底壳
A abbreviate v. 缩写，简写ably ad. 异常地 abrupt v. 突然的absolute porosity 绝对孔隙度access n. 接近，进入accumulate v. 聚集accumulation n. 聚集acquisition n. 获取，采集acromagnetic a. 航空磁测的acyclic a. 无环的admixture n. 混合，混合物aeolian a. 风成的，风积的aerobic a. 喜氧的 affinity n. 亲合力，亲合性
aformentioned a. 上述的，上面提到的agency n. 因素，营力，作用agglomeration n. 结块，凝聚aggregated gas 聚集型气 agitated a. 搅动过，摇过的 agitation n. 搅拌，搅动 aircraft n. 飞机，航空器 algae 藻类 aliphatic a. 脂肪类的 alkane 链烷 alkane n. 烷烃，链烷 alkene n. 烯烃 alkylaromatic a. 烷基芳烃的 alkylate v. 烷基化 allochthonous a. 外来的，异地的
alluvial fan 冲积扇 alteration n. 蚀变作用 ambient a. 周围的 ambiguity n. 含糊，模棱两可ambiguous a. 意思含糊的，模棱两可的amino acids 氨基酸 ammonite n. 菊石 amorphous a. 非晶质的，无一定方向的amphibolite n. 角闪石 amplitude n. 幅度，振幅 analogous a. 类似的，模拟的 angular a. 棱角状的，带角的anhydrite n. 硬石膏 anomoly n. 异常，变异 anoxic a. 缺氧的