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课后练习题--答案(1)

课后练习题--答案(1)
课后练习题--答案(1)

第三章 练习题

1.某公司拟购置一项设备,目前有A 、B 两种可供选择。A设备的价格比B设备高50000元,但每年可节约维修保养费等费用10000元。假设A 、B 设备的经济寿命均为6年,利率为8%,该公司在A 、B 两种设备中必须择一的情况下,应选择哪一种设备?

[答案:]

如果选择A 项目,则多支付投资额50000元,而可以每年节约保养费用1000元,

-37714.622910000-5000068%P/A 1000050000-=?+=?+),,( 所以,A 方案不可选。

2.某人现在存入银行一笔现金,计划8年后每年年末从银行提取现金6000元,连续提取10年,在利率为7%的情况下,现在应存入银行多少元?

[答案:]

10

-10)

1(1

i i)(1-16000 107%P/F 107%P/A 6000i +?+?=?),,)(,,( 41.24526582.00236.76000元=??=

3.某人5年后需用现金40000元,如果每年年末存款一次,在年利率为6%的情况下,此人每年年末应存入现金多少元?

[答案:]

元,,7095.855

6%F/A 40000

A ==

4.某企业集团准备对外投资,现有三家公司可供选择,分别为甲公司、乙

公司、丙公司,这三家公司的年预期收益及其概率的资料如表3-4所示:

表3-4 某企业集团预期收益及其概率资料

要求:假定你是该企业集团的稳健型决策者,请依据风险与收益原理作出选择 [答案:]

230.250.5200.340E =?+?+?=甲 240.25-0.5200.350E =?+?+?=)(乙 80.230-0.520-0.380E =?+?+?=)()(丙

12.490.223-50.523-200.323-40222=?+?+?=)()()(甲σ 19.470.224-5-0.524-200.324-50222=?+?+?=)()()(甲σ

0.5432312.49

==

甲q 0.8112419.47==乙q

选择甲方案。

第四章 练 习 题

某企业2007年度资产负债表如下:

××公司资产负债表

(2007年12月31日)

万元

该企业2007年的销售收入为1600万元,2008年该企业在不增加固定资产的情况下,销售收入预计将达到2000万元,若该企业2008年预计税后利润为60万元,留用比例为30%,请确定该企业2008年对外筹资数量。

[答案:]

预计资产负债表

留存收益E=E 0+ΔE=100+60*30%=118万元 外部筹资额=1100-1068=32万元 或者: 对

=400[2.5%+3.75%+18.75%-2.5%-2.5%-7.5%]-60*30%=50-18=32

第五章 练习题

1.某公司拟发行8年期债券进行筹资,债券票面金额为1000元,票面利率为10%,当时市场利率为12%,计算以下两种情况下该公司债券发行价格应为多少才是合适的。

(1)单利计息,到期一次还本付息; (2)每年付息一次,到期一次还本。

答案: (1)元)

(727.020.4039180012%18

10%10001000P 8

=?=+??+= (2)

,,(),(812%P/A 10%100012%P/F 1000 P ??+=元900.664.96761000.40391000=?+?=

2.某企业采用融资租赁的方式于2005年1月1日融资租入一台设备,设备价款为60000元,租期为10年,到期后设备归企业所有,租赁双方商定采用的折现率为20%,计算并回答下列问题: (1)计算每年年末等额支付的租金额;

(2)如果租赁双方商定采用的折现率为18%,计算每年年初等额支付的租金额。

[答案:]

(1)元),,(14311.274.1925

60000

1020%P/A 60000A ===

(2)元),,(113145.3030

60000

14.3030600001918%P/A 60000A ==+=+=

第六章 练习题

1.某公司发行面值为1000元、期限为8年、票面利率为15%的每年付息,到期还本的长期债券,发行价格为1100元,所得税率为25%。

要求:计算该债券的资本成本。 (1)10.23%1100

25%-115%1000K =??=)

(2)

88

1

)1(1000K 125%-115%100 1100K t t

+++??=∑

=)()(

%42.9=K

2.银行由于业务经营的需要,需借入三年期资金为150万元。银行要求其维持15%的补偿性余额,借款年利率12%。假定所得税率为25%。

要求:(1)公司需向银行申请的借款金额为多少才能满足业务需要? (2)计算该笔借款的实际资本成本 答案: (1)

万元47.176%)

151(15

=-

(2)15.128%150

15.88

15025%-112%176.47K ==??=

)(

3.某公司拟筹集资本总额5000万元,其中:发行普通股1000万股,每股面值1元,发行价格2.5元,筹资费用100万元,预计下一年每股股利0.4元,以后每年增长5%;向银行长期借款1000万元,年利率10%,期限3年,手续费率0.2%;按面值发行3年期债券1500万元,年利率12%,发行费用50万元,所得税率为25%。

要求:计算该公司的加权平均资本成本。 答案:

普通股21.67%5%1000100-2.50.4

K S =+= 长期借款7.5%0.2%-125%-110%K D ==)()

债券9.31%50-150025%-112%1500K B =??=)

加权平均资本成本

15.128%30%9.31%20%7.5%50%21.67% WACC =?+?+?=

4. 某公司拥有长期资金500万元,其中长期借款200万元,普通股300万元。该资本结构为公司理想的目标结构。公司拟筹集新的资金,并维持目前的资本结构。预计随筹资额增加,各种资本成本的变化如下表:

资金种类 新筹资额 资本成本 长期借款 50万元及以下 6% 50万元以上 8% 普通股 80万元及以下 12% 80万元以上 14%

要求:计算各筹资总额突破点及相应各筹资范围的边际资本成本。 答案:

筹资总额突破点12550W 1== 13380

W 2==

5.某企业资本总额为250万元,负债比率为40%,负债利率为10%,该企业年度销售额为320万元,固定成本为48万元,变动成本率为60%,所得税率为25%。

要求:(1)计算保本点的销售额。

(2)计算经营杠杆系数、财务杠杆系数、复合杠杆系数。 答案:(1)

万元12060%

-148

=

(2) 1.6 DOL 48

-60%-132060%-1320==)()

( 1.14 DFL 0.1

0.4250-48-60%-132048

-60%-1320==??)()( DTL=1.6×1.14=1.83

6.某公司目前发行在外普通股100万股(每股1元),已发行10%利率的债券400万元。该公司打算为一个新的投资项目融资500万元,新项目投产后

公司每年息税前利润增加到200万元。现有两个方案可供选择;按12%的利率发行债券(方案1);按每股20元发行新股(方案2)。公司适用所得税率25%。

要求:(1)计算两个方案的每股收益;

(2)计算两个方案的每股收益无差别点的息税前利润; (3)计算两个方案的财务杠杆系数; (4)根据计算结果判断那个方案更好。 答案:(1)

500/20100

25%-110%400-EBIT 10025%-112%500-10%400-EBIT +?=??))(())((

万元340EBIT =

(2)元)

)((0.75100

25%-112%50010%400-200EPS 1=?+?=

元))((0.96125

25%-110%400-200EPS 2=?=

(3)212%

500-10%400-200200

DFL 1=??=

1.2510%400-200200

DFL 2=?=

(4)方案2好。理由略。

第七章 练习题

1.某企业有一投资方案,该方案没有建设期,原始投资额为24 000元,采用直线法提折旧,使用寿命5年,5年后有残值收入4 000元,5年内每年的销售收入为10 000元,付现成本第一年为4 000元,以后每年逐年增加200元,另需垫支营运资金3 000元。设所得税税率为40%。试计算该方案各年的现金流量。

答案:初始现金流=-3000-24000=-27000元

折旧=(24000-4000)/5=4000元

第一年营业现金流=(10000-4000)×(1-40%)+4000×40%=5200元第二年营业现金流=(10000-4200)×(1-40%)+4000×40%=5080元第三年营业现金流=(10000-4400)×(1-40%)+4000×40%=4960元第四年营业现金流=(10000-4600)×(1-40%)+4000×40%=4840元第五年营业现金流=(10000-4800)×(1-40%)+4000×40%=4720元终结现金流=4000+3000=7000元

2.新星化工厂正在考虑用一台更高效率的新机器去更换两台老机器。两台老机器在二手市场上的价格为35 000元一台,其账面价值是60 000元每台,剩余的折旧年限为8年,采用直线折旧法,期末无残值。新机器的购置及安装成本为480 000元,可使用8年,预计期末残值为40 000万元,也采用直线法折旧。由于新机器的效率更高,每年可节约运营成本120 000万元,该企业的所得税税率为25%。请计算该项目的增量现金流量。

答案:旧设备折旧=120000/8=15000元

新设备折旧=(480000-40000)/8=55000元

差额初始投资=480000-[70000-(70000-120000)×25%]=397500元差额营业现金流1-8年=Δ收入×(1-T)-Δ付现成本×(1-T)+Δ折旧×T =12000×(1-25%)+40000×25%=100000元

差额终结现金流=残值流入40000元

3.某公司准备购入一设备以扩充生产能力。现有甲、乙两个方案可供选择:甲方案需投资3万元,使用寿命5年,采用直线法计提折旧,5年后设备无残值,5年中每年销售收入为15 000元,每年的付现成本为5 000元。

乙方案需投资36 000元,采用直线法计提折旧,使用寿命也是5年,5年后有残值收入6 000元。5年中每年收入为17 000元,付现成本第一年为6 000元,以后随着设备陈旧,逐年将增加修理费300元。

不管采用哪个方案,均需垫支营运资本3 000元。假设所得税税率为25%,资本成本为10%。要求:

(1)计算两个方案的净现金流量;

(2)计算两个方案的净现值;

(3)计算两个方案的现值指数;

(4)计算两个方案的内含报酬率;

(5)计算两个方案的静态投资回收期

答案:(1)计算两个方案的净现金流量;

方案甲折旧=30000/5=6000元

营业现金流1-5年=(15000-5000)×(1-25%)+6000×25%=9000

折旧=30000/5=6000元

营业现金流1-5年=(15000-5000)×(1-25%)+6000×25%=9000 方案乙:折旧=(36000-6000)/5=6000元

营业现金流1年=(17000-6000)×(1-25%)+6000×25%=9750 营业现金流2年=(17000-6300)×(1-25%)+6000×25%=9525 营业现金流3年=(17000-6600)×(1-25%)+6000×25%=9300 营业现金流4年=(17000-6900)×(1-25%)+6000×25%=9075 营业现金流5年=(17000-7200)×(1-25%)+6000×25%=8850 终结现金流=8850+6000+3000=17850

(2)计算两个方案的净现值;

元,,甲2980.433000-P/F 3000P/A 9000NPV 510%510%=?+?=

39000

-P/F 17850 P/F 9075P/F 9300P/F 9525P/F 9750NPV 510%410%310%210%110%,,,,,乙?+?+?+?+?= =2008.08元

(3) 计算两个方案的现值指数;

1.0933*******.4

1PI =+

=甲 1.0539*******.4

1PI =+=乙

(4) 计算两个方案的内含报酬率;

33000-P/F 3000P/A 9000NPV 5i 5i ,,甲?+?=

i=10%,NPV=2980.4 i=12%,NPV=1145.4 i=14%,NPV=-543.9

1145.4

-543.9-1145.4

-012%-14%12%-i =

13.36%12% 12%-14%1154.45431154.4

i =++=?)(

乙方案(略)

(5) 计算两个方案的静态投资回收期

3.67PP 年甲=

4.15PP 年乙=

4.某公司要进行一项投资,投资期为3年,每年年初投资200万元,第4年初开始投产,投产时需垫支50万元营运资本,项目寿命期为5年,5年中会使企业增加销售收入360万元,每年增加付现成本120万元,假设该企业所得税率为25%,资本成本为10%,固定资产残值忽略不计,采用直线法折旧。试计算该项目的静态投资回收期、净现值及内含报酬率。

营业现金流4-8=(360-120)×(1-25%)+120×25%=210万

())(()(,,,,,510%310%5 10% 310%210%P/F 50P/F P/A 210 P/F 50-1P/A 200 NPV ++?+= =-200×2.7355-50×0.7513+210×3.7908×0.7513+50×0.6209 =44.47万元

静态投资回收期=3+20/210=3.095年 内部报酬率:略

5.某公司有一台设备,购于3年前,现在考虑是否需要更新。已知资料如下:

旧设备的原价为60 000元,税法规定的使用年限为6年,残值为6 000元,按直线法折旧,每年折旧额为9 000元,已使用两年。该设备的当前变现价值为10 000元。如果继续使用,该设备还可使用4年,每年的操作成本为8 600元,两年末需大修理一次,费用为28 000元,4年末的最终报废残值为7 000元。

拟购买的新设备的价格为50 000元,可使用4年,税法规定的残值为5 000元,采用年数总和法折旧,第一年的折旧额为18 000元,第二年的折旧额为13 500元,第三年的折旧额为9 000元,第四年的折旧额为4 500元。新设备每年的操作成本为5 000元,4年末报废时的残值预计为10 000元。

假定两台设备的生产能力相同,该公司的所得税税率为25%,资本成本为10%,请根据以上资料决定该设备是否需要更新。

答案:旧设备折旧=9000,已提折旧18000,设备残值60000-18000=42000

变现损失42000-10000=32000。可节税32000*25% =8000元

旧设备的初始投资=10000+8000=18000元

第一、三、四年营业现金流出=-8600×(1-25%)+9000×25%=-4200 第三年营业现金流=-(8600+28000)×(1-25%)+9000×25%=-25200 期末残值流入=7000,设备残值6000,变现收益1000,多缴税250

终结现金流=7000-250=6750

第四年现金流=-4200+6750=2550

表一:继续使用旧设备现金流:

新设备的初始投资=50000元

第一年营业现金流出=-5000×(1-25%)+18000×25%=750 第二年营业现金流出=-5000×(1-25%)+13500×25%=-375 第三年营业现金流出=-5000×(1-25%)+9000×25%=-1500 第四年营业现金流出=-5000×(1-25%)+4500×25%=-2625 期末残值变现收入=10000,设备残值5000,变现收益5000,多缴税(10000-5000)×25%=1250

终结现金流=10000-1250=8750

第四年现金流=-2625+8750=6125

表二:使用新设备现金流

表三:新旧设备差额现金流(新设备与旧设备相比)

()()()(,,,,410%310%210%110%P/F 3575P/F 2700P/F 24850P/F 4950 -32000NPV ++++=? =-32000+4950×0.9091+24850×0.8264+2700×

0.7513+3575×0.6830 =-2493.68元

结论:继续使用旧设备。

6.某企业有甲、乙、丙三个投资项目,每一项目的经济寿命均为5年,每年净现金流量的期望值如下表所示。

假定甲、乙、丙三个项目的投资支出分别为100 000元、350 000元和12 000元,该企业无风险条件下的投资报酬率为5%,而甲、乙、丙三个项目属于风险投资,风险溢价分别为2%、10%和15%。试对甲、乙、丙三个投资项目的可行性作出评价。

答案:7%2%5%K =+=甲;15%10%5%K =+=乙;20%15%5%K =+=丙

5

4

32%)71(1

40000%711330007%11280007%11250007%1120000-100000NPV ++++++++++=)()()()(甲=-100000+20000×0.9346+25000×0.8734+28000×0.8163+33000×0.7629+40000×0.7130 =17079.1元

5

15%415%315%215% 115%P/F 0000980000P/F 100000P/F 95000P/F 80000P/F -350000NPV ,,,,,乙+++++==-350000+80000×0.8696+95000×0.7561+100000×0.6575+80000×0.5718+90000×0.4972 =-52360元

520%420%320%220% 120%P/F 04505000P/F 4000P/F 3000P/F 3000P/F -12000NPV ,,,,,丙+++++= =-12000+3000×0.8333+3000×0.6944+4000×0.5787+5000×0.4823+4500×0.4019 =-882.05元

第八章 练习题

1.某企业2008年8月1日购买一张面额为1000元的债券,其票面利率为8%,每年8月1日计算并支付一次利息,并于3年后的7月31日到期,当时

的市场利率为9%,债券的市价为960元。要求计算:

(1)债券的价值及到期收益率(假设该单位持有该债券至到期日)。 (2)判决购买该债券是否合算。 答案:(1)960)1(1

1000)18%10003

3

1=+++*∑

=i i t t (

即:80(P/A,i,3)+1000(P/F,i,3)=960

当i=9%,80(P/A,i,3)+1000(P/F,i,3)= 80×2.5313+1000×0.7722=974.7 当i=10%,80(P/A,i,3)+1000(P/F,i,3)= 80×2.4867+1000×0.7513=950.24

974.7

-950.24974.7

-9609%-10%9%-i =9.6%i =?

(2)内涵报酬率高于市场利率,合算 按照市场利率计算债券的投资价值V

V =3

3

1

)9%1(1

1000)9%18%1000+++*∑=t t (=80(P/A,9%,3)+1000(P/F,9%,3) =80×2.5313+1000×0.7722=974.7 债券的市场价格低于投资价值,合算。

2.某公司的股票每股盈余是5元,市盈率为12,行业类似股票的平均市盈率为10。试用市盈率法对该公司股票的股价及股票风险进行分析。

略。

第九章 练习题

1. 某企业年现金需求总量为360万元,其应付账款平均付款期为20天,应收

账款平均收账期为30天,存货周转期为50天,求企业最佳现金持有量。 答案:现金周转期=应收账款平均收账期30 +存货周转期50 -应付账款付款期20=60天

现金周转次数=360/60-6次 现金持有量=360/6=60万元。

2.某企业每月平均现金需要量为10万元,有价证券月利率为10‰,假定企业现金管理相关总成本控制目标为600元。要求: (1) 计算有价证券的转换成本; (2) 计算最佳现金余额;

(3) 计算最佳有价证券交易间隔期。 答案:有价证券的转换成本X ;

18 X 60010%X 1000002=?=???

计算最佳现金余额;

元600010%

18

1000002Q =??=

计算最佳有价证券交易间隔期。

天1.86000

100000

30=÷

3.某企业只生产销售一种产品,每年赊销额为240万元,该企业产品变动成本率为80%,资金成本率为25%,企业现有A 、B 两种收账政策可供选择,有关资料如下表所示:

要求:(1)计算填列表中空白部分(1年按360天计算);

(2)对上述收账政策进行决策。

答案:

B政策较好。

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strenuous stressful; requiring effort and energy master overall recreation way of spending free time estimate calculate roughly routine regular; usual priority first concern relaxation rest 1. flexible 2. established 3. panic 4. strenuous 5. priority 6. routine 7. Rationally 8. recreations Suffix 1. familiarize 2. visualize 3. merely 4. idealize 5. finalize 6. necessarily 7. physically 8. highly Cloze favorable their respected professors authority role expect need several changes Sec tion B

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4-1 试求题4-1图所示各梁支座的约束力。设力 的单位为kN ,力偶矩的单位为kN m ,长度 单位为m ,分布载荷集度为kN/m 。(提示: 计算非均布载荷的投影和与力矩和时需应用积分)。 A B C D 0.8 0.8 0.4 0 00.7 2 ( A B C 1 2 q ( M= 30o A B C D 0.8 0.8 0.8 2 0.8 M = q =(

解: (b):(1) 整体受力分析,画出受力图(平面任意 力系); (2) 选坐标系Axy ,列出平衡方程; 0: 0.40 0.4 kN x Ax Ax F F F =-+==∑ ()0: 20.80.5 1.60.40.720 0.26 kN A B B M F F F =-?+?+?+?==∑ 0: 20.50 1.24 kN y Ay B Ay F F F F =-++==∑ 约束力的方向如图所示。 (c):(1) 研究AB 杆,受力分析,画出受力图(平 面任意力系); A B C 1 2 q M= 30o F F A F A y x d 2?x A B C D 0.8 0.8 0.4 00 0.7 2 F F A F A y

(2) 选坐标系Axy ,列出平衡方程; 2 0()0: 3320 0.33 kN B Ay Ay M F F dx x F =-?-+??==∑? 2 0: 2cos300 4.24 kN o y Ay B B F F dx F F =-?+==∑? 0: sin 300 2.12 kN o x Ax B Ax F F F F =-==∑ 约束力的方向如图所示。 (e):(1) 研究C ABD 杆,受力分析,画出受力图 (平面任意力系); (2) 选坐标系Axy ,列出平衡方程; 0: 0x Ax F F ==∑ 0.8 ()0: 208 1.620 2.40 21 kN A B B M F dx x F F =??++?-?==∑? 0.8 0: 20200 15 kN y Ay B Ay F dx F F F =-?++-==∑? 约束力的方向如图所示。 A B C D 0.8 0.8 0.8 20.8 M = q =F F A F A y x 20 x d

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