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(完整版)初中名词用法归纳与练习答案,推荐文档

(完整版)初中名词用法归纳与练习答案,推荐文档
(完整版)初中名词用法归纳与练习答案,推荐文档

初中名词用法归纳与练习知识网络

考点一名词的分类

考点二名词的复数形式

1.规则变化

构成方法例词

在词尾加-s girl-girls pen-pens

以s,x,ch,sh 结尾的名词后加-es bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes

以f 或fe 结尾的名词,变f,fe 为v,再加-es wife-wives half-halves shelf-shelves thief-thieves

某些以f 结尾的词,直接加-s roof-roofs( 屋顶) belief-beliefs(信念)

(1)将主体词变为复数,如:

sisterinlaw→sistersinlaw(嫂子)

boy classmate→boy c lassmates

(2)将复合词中两个词都变为复数,此种复合词中第一个词须是man 或woman,如:man worker→men workers

woman teacher→women teachers

4.特殊情况

(1)有些名词只有复数形式,如:

clothes,shorts,pants,scissors(剪刀),goods,glasses(眼镜)

(2)有些名词以s 结尾,但不是复数形式,如:

news,maths,physics,politics

(3)有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义,如:

room(空间)—a room(房间)

work(工作)—works(著作)

(4)不可数名词的数量表达

①不可数名词本身不可数,但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量,如:

a piece of bread/news/paper 一片面包/一则新闻/一张纸

②还可用much,little,a little,a large amount of,some,any,no,lots of,plenty of 等来修饰不可数名词,如:

much money,some milk

(5)数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式,如:

He is a fouryearold boy.他是个4 岁的男孩。

(fouryearold 不能说成fouryearsold)

a fivefootdeep hole 一个五英尺深的洞

考点三名词所有格

1.表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,在此名词词尾加's,或直接加

'。(1)单数名词加's,如:Mary's book

(2)以s 结尾的复数名词只加',不以s 结尾的复数名词要加's,如:

the three girls' father 这三个女孩的父亲

the children's presents 孩子们的礼物

(3)表示几个人共有,仅在最后一个人的名字后加's;表示各自所有时,需在各个名字后加's,如:

Mary and Jane's car(她俩人共有的车)

Mary's and Jane's cars(她俩各自的车)

(4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时,名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如:

the barber's=the barber's shop 理发店

to my aunt's=to my aunt's house 到我姑姑家

(5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词,也可以加's 构成所有格。如:

a week's time 一周的时间

China's population 中国的人口

2.表示无生命的东西的所有格形式:名词+of+所有者,如:

the name of the zoo 动物园的名字

3.双重所有格:即of+'s 或of+名词性物主代词,如:

a book of my daughter's 我女儿的一本书

The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。

考点四名词的句法功能

名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语、状语、定语等。

名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:

girl students(女学生) paper flowers(纸花)

名词作定语时,个别情况用复数形式。如:

sports meeting (运动会)

名词专练

一、单项选择

1.Read the carefully.They will help you know how to use the popper. A.Instructions B.decisions C.results

【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。instruction“说明”;decision“决定”;result “结果”。由后句“它们会帮你知道如何使用这台爆米花机”可判断本句为“认真读说明”,故instructions 符合句意。

【答案】A

2.Cici enjoys dancing.It's one of her .

A.prize

B.prizes

C.hobby

D.hobbies

【解析】本题考查名词。one of 后接名词的复数,表示“……中的一个”,故排除A、C 两项;prize“奖品”,hobby“爱好”,跳舞是一种爱好,故选D 项。

【答案】D

3.For my homework I have to write a(n) about the wonders of the world.

A.music B.picture

C.composition D.exam

【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。music“音乐”;picture“图画”;

composition“作文”;exam“考试”。music 是不可数名词,不能用不定冠词a/an 修饰,故

排除A 项;动词write 不能和picture 搭配,也应排除;家庭作业不可能是考试,D 项也排除。故选C。

【答案】C

4.Boys and girls,feeling peaceful is the first step to become in the exam.So please take a deep breath and calm down.

A.runners

B.winners

C.players

【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。runner“跑步者”;winner“获胜者”;

player“运动员”。在考试中应成为获胜者,故winners 符合句意。

【答案】B

5.—I have great in learning math and I'm so worried.Could you help me? —Sure.I'd be glad to.

A.trouble B.interest

C.joy D.fun

【解析】本题考查名词的用法。have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.“做某事有

困难”。interest“兴趣”;joy“高兴,欣赏”;fun“乐趣”,均不符合题意。

【答案】A

6.—Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?

—With pleasure.Remember that the letter should be written in the formal .

A.value B.style C.effect D.mood

【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。value“益处,价值”;style“风格,文体”;effect“影响,

效果”;mood“情绪,心情”。由语境知“写申请信应用正式文体”。

【答案】B

7.Could you please get me some ?I'm hungry.

A.apple B.water

C.bread D.egg

【解析】本题考查名词的用法。由第二句I'm hungry.(我饿了。)知空格处需填“吃的东西”,故排除选项B;选项A、D 均为可数名词,由题干中的some 判断需用可数名词复数或不可数名词,故排除A、D 两项。bread“面包”,为不可数名词,符合题意。

【答案】C

8.—I'm going to the supermarket.Let me get you some fruit.

—OK.Thanks for your .

A.offer B.information

C.message D.order

【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。offer“提供,提议”;information“信息”;

message“口信”;order“顺序,订货,命令”。句意为“我要去超市。让我为你买些水果吧。”“好吧,谢谢你的好意。”故选A。

【答案】A

9.These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the

immediately.

A.amusement B.development

C.environment D.government

【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。amusement“娱乐”;development“发展”;

environment“环境”;government“政府”。句意为“这些自然灾害已经告诫我们每个人

应立刻开始保护环境。”

【答案】C

10.—Mrs.Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.

—She said she would never forget some pleasant while working there. A.experiments B.expressions

C.experiences D.emotions

【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。experiment“实验”;expression“表达”;experience

“经历”;emotion“感情”。空格所在句的句意为“她说她永远也不会忘记在那工作时的一

些美好的经历。”故选C。

【答案】C

11.—I'm sorry I went out for a smoke.I was very tired.

—There's no for this while you are at work.

A.cause B.excuse

C.matter D.choice

【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。cause“原因”;excuse“理由,借口”;matter“事情”;choice“选择”。由空格所在句的句意“当你工作时这样做是没有理由的”知选B。

【答案】B

12.John wants to be a ,so he often helps sick people in the hospital. A.reporter B.doctor

C.scientist D.cook

【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。reporter“记者”;doctor“医生”;scientist“科学家”;cook“厨师”。由句意“因此他经常在医院里帮助病人”知约翰想成为一名医生,故选B。【答案】B

13.—I have trouble learning math this term.

—You should pay more to your teacher's advice.

A.money

B.attention

C.time

【解析】本题考查名词的用法。pay attention to...“注意……”,是固定短语,故选B。【答案】B

14.The two cities have reached an to develop science and technology. A.education

B.excitement

C.agreement

D.invention

【解析】本题考查名词的用法。reach an agreement“达成协议”,是固定搭配,故选C。【答案】C

15.—Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?

—Sorry, I know nothing about h im.We are .

A.friends

B.neighbors

C.classmates

D.strangers

【解析】由答语前面的“对不起,我不认识他”,可知这里是指“陌生人”。

【答案】D

16.I don't think looking after children is just work.

A.woman

B.woman's

C.women

D.women's

【解析】句意为“我认为照看孩子不仅仅是女人的工作。”由句意可判断此处应用名词所有格,又因为woman 的复数形式是women,故选D。

【答案】D

17.—Why are you still waiting in line?

—I've missed my .

A.place

B.order

C.turn

D.time

【解析】句意为“你为什么仍然在排队?”“我错过了我的一次机会了。”place “地方”;order “顺序”;turn“轮到的机会”;time“时间”。通过句意可知,只有C 项符合题意,故答案为C。

【答案】C

18.—I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.

—Right.It is one of the in my school.

A.choices B.plans C.hobbies D.rules

【解析】句意为“我听说你每天必须跑步半小时。”“是的,这是我们学校的规则之一。”choices“选择”;plans“计划”;hobbies“爱好”;rules“规则”。所以选择答案D。【答案】D

19.mothers can't go to the meeting, because they have gone to New York on business.

A.Alice and Lily's

B.Alice's and Lily's

C.Alice's and Lily

【解析】A 选项是指她们共同的母亲;B 选项表示她们各自的母亲;C 选项没有这种表达形式,首先排除。由后句的they 可知,这里指的是她们各自的母亲,因此答案为B。【答案】B

20.—The land in the southwest of China is in great n eed of .

—Yes, it hasn't rained for a long time there.

A.milk

B.tea

C.coffee

D.water

【解析】根据答语可知西南很需要水,故答案选D。

【答案】D

21.—How far is your home from school?

—It's about two walk.

A.hour's

B.hours

C.hours'

【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法。两小时的路程表达是“two hours' walk”,hour 需要变复数后加“'”,故选C。

【答案】C

22.—I'm not sure about the meaning of the word.

—You'd better look it up in a .

A.letter B.dictionary

C.postcard D.notice

【解析】letter“书信”;dictionary“字典、词典”;postcard“卡片”;notice“布告”,根据题意“我不知道这个词语的意思。”“你最好查词典。”知答案选B。

【答案】B

23.—Whose computer doesn't work?

—,I think.

A.John has B.John does

C.John D.John's

【解析】句意为“谁的计算机出毛病啦?”“约翰的,我想。”故答语应用名词所有格形式,所以答案应选D。

【答案】D

24.—Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus.What shall we do?

—I'm afraid we have no but to take a taxi.

A.choice B.decision

C.reason D.idea

【解析】“have missed the last bus”和“but to take a taxi”可知是别无选择。句意是“哎,天啊,我们已经错过了最后一班车,我们应该怎么办呢?”“我想我们除了乘出租车别无选择了。”

【答案】A

25.—Good morning, madam.Can I help you?

—Sure, I'd like ,please.

A.two cups of coffees

B.two cup of coffees

C.two cups of coffee

D.two cup of coffee

【解析】coffee 是不可数名词,不能加s,排除A 和B;两杯应是two cups,排除D。故选C。

【答案】C

26.—Do you know the young lady over there?

—Yes.She's mother.

A.Lily and Lucy B.Lily's and Lucy's

C.Lily's and Lucy D.Lily and Lucy's

【解析】根据空后的mother 可知是两人共有的,两人共有某物时,只需要在后一个词后加's。句意是“你认识那儿的那个年轻女士吗?”“是的,她是莉莉和露西的妈妈。”【答案】D

27.After walking for more than half an hour, we decided to take rest.

A.a few minute's B.a few minutes'

C.a little minute's D.a little minutes'

【解析】minute 是可数名词由a few 来修饰且要用复数形式,名词以s 结尾时,所有格直接加‘。句意是“走了半个多小时后,我们决定休息几分钟。”故选B。

【答案】B

28.—Where are the ?

—They are playing basketball on the playground.

A.man teachers; the B.men teachers; the

C.man teachers; / D.men teachers; /

【解析】man 作定语时,两个名词都要变复数;球类运动的短语中,球类之前不可用冠词,故选D。句意是“男老师在哪儿?”“他们正在操场上打篮球。”

【答案】D

29.)Betty has a silk .She can sing very well.

A.voice

B.look

C.sound

D.noise

【解析】根据“She can sing very well.”可知她的声音很好,人的声音用voice 表示。句意是“贝蒂的声音好,她可以唱得非常好。”

【答案】A

30.—Oh, there isn't enough for us on the bus.

—No hurry.Let's wait for the next o ne.

A.floor B.ground

C.room D.place

【解析】根据on the bus 和答句可知是没有足够的空间够我们用了。句意是“哎呀,公共汽车上没有我们足够的空间了。”“别着急,让我们等下一趟吧。”

【答案】C

31.I saw many eating grass

on the hill.

A.horse B.cow C.deers D.sheep

【解析】many 后跟名词复数,A,B 都不是复数,deer 和sheep 单复数相同,故答案选D。

【答案】D

二、根据句意及所给汉语意思写出所缺单词

1.The Great Wall of China is one of the (奇迹) of the world.

【解析】“奇迹”为wonder,one of 后接复数名词。

【答案】wonders

2.More and more (外国人)come to visit China.

【解析】“外国人”为foreigner;more 是many 的比较级,后接名词的复数。

【答案】foreigners

3.After three (星期) holiday, we came back to work.

【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法。以s 结尾的复数名词的所有格在s 后加“'”。

【答案】weeks'

4.To our great (惊讶), Tom failed to pass the graduation exam.

【解析】to one's surprise“使某人惊讶的是”。

【答案】surprise

5.He can't see the blackboard clearly, so he needs a pair of (眼镜).

【解析】a pair of glasses“一副眼镜”。

【答案】glasses

6.We should pay attention to our behavior and try to be good (公民).

【解析】由主语we 知,要填复数形式citizens。

【答案】citizens

7.They have planted about five (千) trees in and around the town in the past few years.

【解析】英语中的hundred,thousand,million,billion 等词如果前面有基数词修饰,一律用单数,故填原形thousand。

【答案】thousand

8.The camera was one of the greatest (发明) in the 19th century.

【解析】根据空前的“one of the greatest”可知用名词的复数。句意是“照相机是十九世纪最伟大的发明之一。”

【答案】inventions

9.How many times do you brush your (牙齿) every day?

【解析】tooth 的复数形式是teeth。

【答案】teeth

10.Please tell me the (胜利者) telephone number.I want to interview him.

【解析】句意是“请告诉我胜利者的电话号码,我想采访他。”胜利者是winner,其所有格在其后加's。

【答案】winner's

11.There are many fresh (土豆) in the supermarket.

【解析】因句中有many, many 后接名词的复数,potato 的复数是potatoes。

【答案】potatoes

12.Thank you very much for your (邀请).But I'm so sorry that I can't come to your party tomorrow.

【解析】空白处前有your 修饰,故要用名词形式,而invite 的名词是invitation。

【答案】invitation

13.Take a short rest after two (小时) hard work, and you won't feel too tired. 【解析】前面有two,所以应该用hour 的复数形式hours 的名词所有格。

【答案】hours'

14.Great (变化) have taken place in our hometown.

【解析】句中的谓语动词是have taken place,因此主语要用复数形式。

【答案】changes

15. A powerful earthquake hit Wenchuan in (西南方), China's Sichuan Province on May 12th.

【解析】表示“偏方向”时,先说南北,再说东西,故西南方为southwest。

【答案】southwest

三、根据句意及所给首字母补全单词

1. A is the fourth month of the year.

【解析】一年的第四个月份是April。

【答案】April

2.My h is collecting stamps.I have collected thousands of stamps.

【解析】集邮是一种爱好,故填hobby。

【答案】hobby

3.Mark Twain was born in the USA and English was his mother t .

【解析】mother tongue“母语”。由句意“马克·吐温出生于美国,英语是他的母语。”可知答案。

【答案】tongue

4.My mother is a nurse.She works in a famous h .

【解析】由常识知护士工作的地点是医院。

【答案】hospital

5.If you are in danger, remember to dial(拨) the telephone n 110 at once.

【解析】句意为“如果你遇到危险,记住立刻拨电话号码110。”故填number。

【答案】number

6.—Do you know what the p of China is now?

—It's over 1.3 billion.

【解析】由答语知,上句是问现在中国的人口是多少,故填population。

【答案】population

7.New Year is a traditional f for Chinese people.

【解析】根据New Year 和traditional 可知是节日。句意是“新年对中国人来说是传统的节日。”

【答案】festival

8.Tomorrow is my cousin's birthday.I'm going to buy a g for her.

【解析】根据“my cousin's birthday”可知想买生日礼物。句意是“明天是我堂妹的生日,我将给她买一件礼物。”

【答案】gift

9.If there's something wrong with your teeth,you'd better go to see a d .

【解析】根据“something wrong with your teeth”可知要看牙医。句意是“如果你的牙齿出毛病了,你最好去看牙医。”

【答案】dentist

10.W is the coldest season of the year.

【解析】根据“the coldest season of the year”可知是winter。句意是“冬天是一年中最冷的季节。”

【答案】Winter

11.We don't go to the c much for movies because we have a video.

【解析】根据movies 可知是cinema。句意是“我们不经常去电影院看电影,因为我们有一个录像机。”

【答案】cinema

12.When summer comes, day becomes longer a nd n becomes shorter.

【解析】谓语动词是第三人称单数形式,故主语要用单数。

【答案】night

13.P are my favourite animals and they live only in China.

【解析】谓语动词是are,因此主语用复数形式。

【答案】Pandas

14.Would you like to see the movie with me? I've got two t .

【解析】“票”的英文单词为ticket,复数为tickets。

【答案】tickets

15.Mary is such a shy girl that it's hard for her to sing in p .

【解析】in public 为固定词组,在公众场合。

【答案】public

16.Bill wants to buy a new jacket because his old one is out o f s .

【解析】根据句意可知是想买新的,是因为旧的过时了。out of style 意为“过时”。句意是“比尔想买一件新夹克,因为他的旧的过时了。”

【答案】style

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“”

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