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新考研英语长难句易考题大全(中)

新考研英语长难句易考题大全(中)
新考研英语长难句易考题大全(中)

17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

解析:该句主干是While …, your could-be employer is deciding whether... and your wares and abilities must be displayed...。前一个分句中while引导状语从句,decide 后面是whether引导的宾语从句,该从句中并列主语为your education, your experience, and other qualifications,谓语部分为pay him,后面是不定式做的状语。and后面的并列句是被动语态,其中in … manner为方式状语。

词汇:

pay sb. to do sth. 干某事对某人有利

如:It will pay you to be careful.(小心谨慎对你有好处)

could-be 可能的,未来的

wares本义为“货物,商品”,这里表示应聘者能够展示出来的资格和能力。

译文:在与你面谈时,你未来的雇主将根据你的教育背景、经验和其他的资历来确定雇用你是否值得,因此你必须把你“待售的物品”和能力以有序而合理连贯的方式呈现出来。

18. The corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization,at least for the time being,but its role,its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.

解析:该句是由but连接的两个转折关系的分句。前半句为The corporation will survive as …,其中at least for the time being的意思是“眼下,暂时”,这里做时间状语。后半句的主干可以表达为A are the subject of B(A是B的对象)。

词汇:survive v. 幸存;战胜

fund v.投资

for the time being暂时

译文:虽然至少目前,它仍可以以公办广播机构的身份生存下去,但它的作用、规模和节目类型却成了全英国争论的话题。

19. With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.

【分析】with economic growth has come centralization是倒装结构,主语是centralization,谓语是has come,with economic growth是状语。冒号后面fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens是主语,live谓语,in cities是地点状语,后面是where引导的定语从句。从句中c ommunity and the extended family是主语,have been abandoned是谓语,in favor of引导状语结构。

【词汇】centralization n.集中化,中心化--->decentralize v.分散

extended family 传统大家庭

abandon v.放弃

in favor of支持,[引申] 由…取代

isolated a.孤立的[i我,sole自己,ate动词词尾]

【译文】随着经济的增长集中化已经显现:日本 1.19亿公民中整整76%的人口定居城市,在这里,原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃,取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。

20. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.

【分析】本句是两个句子结合。在第一个句子中,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster是从句,指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子中,or 连接句子,so the thinking has gone是一个倒装结构,正常的语序应该是the thinking has gone so(人们是这么想的),go这个词的用法很灵活,有进展,进行的意思。时间状语the early 1980s后面是when 引导的定语从句,其中juries是主语,began holding是谓语,后面是宾语more companies,liable for their customers’ misfortunes是形容词结构做修饰。

【词汇】fail to 未能

lawsuit n. 诉讼

compensate v.补偿

jury n.陪审团

hold v. [僻义]认为

be liable for为…负责

【译文】幸运的是,如果门垫或者是火炉没有能警告即将到来的灾难,你可以通过一场成功的法律诉讼来赔偿给你带来的麻烦。从二十世纪八十年代的早期开始人们的想法就是这样了,那时候陪审团认为商家对消费者的不幸应该负担相应的责任。

21. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.

【分析】这里的主语this,后面不定式短语is unlikely to produce的真正宾语是professional,前面的成分the needed number of every kind of是修饰这个词的短语,接着是地点状语in a country,其中country带了两个修饰成分:前一个是形容词性的短语as large as ours,后一个是where引导的定语从句,这个从句的主语the economy有两个谓语动词:is spread 和involves。

【词汇】be unlikely to不可能

produce v.[翻译难词] 培养(人才),提供(服务),生产(商品)

professional n.专业人员

corporation n.公司

【译文】另外,像我们这么一个大国,经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多的国际公司,因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的。[句中并没有因果词汇出现,翻译时可以加上,逻辑更清晰]

22. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.

【分析】前面for引导的状语表示的是对象,主干是professional training might be the way to go,since引导原因状语从句,从句主干结构是skills… can be the difference,all other factors being equal是一个独立主格结构,在本句中作插入语。Difference后面带了一个介词短语between… and…,and后面的not出现省略,可以补全为not having a job。

【词汇】写作句型:for sb./sth., … might be the way to go 对于…,…也许是可取之路

例句:For the current environmental problem, the effective supervision might be the way to go.对于目前的环境问题,有效的监管也许是条可取之路。

【译文】但是,对一小部分学生来说,职业教育也许是条可取之路。因为在其他因素相同的情况下,技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。

23. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.

【分析】主干结构是I have been transformed,后面是一个from…into…的结构,from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all” …into a woman。preached by… magazine是过去分词短语,作the philosophy of “have it all”的后置定语定语,插在from…into之中,也充当插入语概念。a woman后面是who引导的定语从句。

【词汇】transform … from…into…将…从…变为…

passionate a. 充满激情的,积极的

advocate n.倡导者[ad-语气加强+ voc-声音]

preach v.鼓吹

be happy to settle for a bit of everything 乐于接受生活的一切-->随遇而安【译文】在过去七年里林达·凯尔西一直在《女性》杂志鼓吹“全力以赴”的生活哲学,我已经从一个积极倡导这种生活方式的人变成一个随遇而安的女性。

23. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.

【分析】主干结构是I have been transformed,后面是一个from…into…的结构,from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all” … into a woman。preached by… magazine是过去分词短语,作the philosophy of “have it all”的后置定语,插在from…into 之中,也充当插入语概念。a woman后面是who引导的定语从句。

【词汇】transform … from…into…将…从…变为…

passionate a. 充满激情的,积极的

advocate n.倡导者[ad-语气加强+ voc-声音]

preach v.鼓吹

be happy to settle for a bit of everything 乐于接受生活的一切-->随遇而安【译文】在过去七年里林达·凯尔西一直在《女性》杂志鼓吹“全力以赴”的生活哲学,我已

经从一个积极倡导这种生活方式的人变成一个随遇而安的女性。

24. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

【分析】此句主干是The rise of anti-happy art…tracks the emergence of mass media…and ….a commercial culture。其中track是谓语动词,and连接两个名词作宾语。with it充当状语,其中it指the emergence of mass media。另外,in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology是一个定语从句,修饰a commercial culture。

【词汇】track v.追踪

emergency n.出现

mass media大众媒体

not just…but…= not only…but also…= not merely…but also…= not simply…but also…

ideal n.理想

【译文】反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全与大众传媒同步出现,而随之兴起了一种商业文化,在这种文化中,快乐不仅是一个理想,而且是一种意识形态。

25. But this was not always the case;before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education.

【分析】全句由两个分句组成,前后用分号隔开。在第二个分句的主句中,before引导状语从句,主句是it的形式主语,真正的主语是some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education。

【词汇】it was widely accepted意为“人们普遍认为”。

legally adv.合法地,从法律上讲

be equipped by nature to do 天生能做…

pursue v. 追求--->pursuit n.

【译文】但是情况并不总是如此;在法律要求所有儿童在一定年龄必须上学之前,人们普遍认为有些儿童天生就不适合接受这种教育。

26. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.

【分析】这是因果复合句,前半句是原因,后半句结果,so是断句标志。前半句中,that means后面是一个省略that的宾语从句,其中主语是a higher proportion of what is in the sea ,谓语是is being caught 。后半句是一个比较级结构the real difference … is likely to be worse than the one…,注意recorded by changes in catch sizes是一个过去分词结构,修饰the one。

【词汇】a higher proportion of更高比例的

catch sizes捕获量

【译文】这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕杀,因此介于现在和过去这一段时间,真正差别可能比捕获量所记录的变化更要糟糕。

26. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.

【分析】这是因果复合句,前半句是原因,后半句结果,so是断句标志。前半句中,that means后面是一个省略that的宾语从句,其中主语是a higher proportion of what is in the sea ,谓语是is being caught 。后半句是一个比较级结构the real difference … is likely to be worse than the one…,注意recorded by changes in catch sizes是一个过去分词结构,修饰the one。

【词汇】a higher proportion of更高比例的

catch sizes捕获量

【译文】这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕杀,因此介于现在和过去这一段时间,真正差别可能比捕获量所记录的变化更要糟糕。

27. NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.

【分析】今天选择这个句子是为了理解一个语言现象:虚拟语气。主语是NBAC,谓语ask后面是两个并列的宾语从句。在第一个从句中,主语是Clinton's 90-day ban,谓语是be extended,ask表示“要求”,后面是虚拟语气的用法,即the 90-day ban should be extended,should被省略。在第二个从句中,it指代the ban on federal funds for human cloning,谓语动词be前面也被省略should。

【词汇】ask要求(后面出现从句,谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略)

ban 禁止

federal funds联邦资金

indefinitely 无限制地

【译文】NBAC会要求将克林顿所颁布的在90天内禁止联邦基金用于克隆人的禁令无限期地延续下去,还可能要求将之立法。

28. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.”

【分析】主干是Shapiro suggested that+从句。主语前面的部分是该句的介词短语作状语,其中recommendations后面接过去分词结构discussed at the 17 May meeting做修饰成分。that引导的宾语从句the panel had found a broad consensus,而从句中a broad consensus后面是同位语从句,解释consensus的内容,这个同位语从句中的it充当的是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning。

【词汇】draft 草稿

preface 序言(pre-在…前面,face封面)

suggest 不表示建议,在这里译成“提出”

panel 专家组

consensus 共识

morally 道德地

attempt to尝试

【译文】在5月17日会议上所讨论的建议书序言草案中,Shapiro提出,专家组已经达

成广泛共识,那就是“试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的”。

29. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values.

【分析】冒号将句子一分为二,前面分句中No clear-cut distinction是主语,can be drawn

是谓语部分,后面是介词短语。后面分句是对前面的解释。Nevertheless表明两句话之间的

逻辑关系,the word "amateur"是主语,does carry是谓语,同时也是强调的写法, a connotation是宾语。后面that引导同位语从句,其中is和may not share用and连接。

【词汇】clear-cut 清晰的,轮廓鲜明的

distinction 区别,差别—>注意:显赫、声望的含义也是考试的重点

例如a writer of distinction 一位卓越的作家

academic distinctions学术上的荣誉

amateur a.业余爱好者

connotation 含蓄,内涵[carry a connotation 意味着]

is fully integrated into充分融入(integrate v. 使一体化,结合)

【译文】科学领域的专业人员和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界线:因为任何规则都有

例外。然而,"业余"一词的确意味着相关人员不能充分融入职业科学界,尤其未能分享科学

圈子的价值。

30. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.

解析:该句的主干是The goal … will be to try to explain...,explain后接的是双宾语,即explain to sb. sth.,直接宾语是that引导的从句。该从句的主干是there are not two theories for...,其中origin和evolution,universe和life都是and连接的并列名词。

词汇:unenlightened adj. 无知的,不文明的

valid adj.有效的

evolution n. 进化,发展

译文:所有(这些书)的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑不解且常常头脑不开化的普通百姓:就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言,不可能存在两种同样成立的科学理论。

31. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.

【分析】在这个主从复合句中,while引导的从句由两个部分组成,中间用and 连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容,做为插入语。注意:many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。it isn't clear … is injured是主句,主句用了一个形式主语it,真正的主语是that引导的从句,they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability是主体,之后是一个if引导的条件从句。

【词汇】interaction 相互作用

federal 联邦

regulation法规

protect…from…保护…以免

liability 责任(be liable for对…负责)

【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的,然而(我们) 并不清楚,如果顾客受到伤害时,这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。

32. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC ——including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.

【分析】主句是The debate was launched by the Government,后面是which引导的非限定性定语从句,谓语部分比较特殊,是invited…sb. to say …破折号后面是anyone with an opinion of the BBC的解释说明。say后面是两个宾语从句,一个是what引导,一个是whether 引导。【词汇】launch 发起

viewer观众

corporation 公司

be worth doing值得做某事

【译文】这场辩论是由政府发动的,政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人——包括普通的听众和观众——来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里,甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得保留下来。

33. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

【分析】句子主干结构是Additional social stresses may also occur;because of后面有两个宾语the population explosion 和problems;名词problems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migration movements;themselves作为代词,指前面的名词短语mass migration movements,充当同位语作用,后面的过去分词短语made relatively easy是themselves的后置定语,by modern means of transport是方式状语,解释变得容易的原因。

【词汇】population explosion人口爆炸

arise from源自于

migration移民

means of…的方式

【译文】新的社会压力出现,是因为人口猛增或大量人口流动——是现代交通工具使人口流动变得相对容易。

34. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time wit h my family”.

【分析】本句中a lateral move是主语,that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定语从句,promoted sb. to abandon..是谓语结构,although是状语从句连接词,I covered my exit是从句主干,by引导状语,引号里的是claim的宾语,其中逗号之间的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入语。

【单词】lateral adj.平行的

block v.阻碍

prompt sb. to do 促使某人做某事

profile轮廓-->high profile固定搭配“高调的”,反义词low profile

disgrace 丢脸,耻辱

cover 掩盖

【译文】一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心,并阻断了我的事业发展,这促使我放弃自己相对高调的职业,当然,就像出丑的政府部长那样,我借口“我想有更多的时间与家人呆在一起”来掩饰我的离开。

35. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far grea ter rewards than financial success and social status.

【分析】本句中as perhaps Kelsey will…a buildup of stress充当插入语,其中Kelsey will后面省略了前面出现的重复单词discover,after作为介词引导宾语her much publicized resignation做状语。本句的主体结构是I have discovered that…宾语从句中主语为abandoning…and making…并列的动名词短语;谓语为bring sth结构,只是因宾语far greater rewards than financial success and social status过长,而把with it状语提前。

【词汇】resignation 离职

a buildup of stress长期的压力

doctrine 信念

alternative 转换

social status社会地位

【译文】我发觉,放弃那种“日夜操劳的生活”信念而选择“放慢生活的节奏”会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的回报。凯尔西在长期经受巨大压力后,从惹人注目的《女性》杂志编辑部退出之后,恐怕她也将与我有同样的感觉。

36. Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

【分析】句子的主干为Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引导限制性定语从句,修饰linguistic determinism。在由which引导的定语从句中,in its strongest form是插入语,谓语动词states跟了两个宾语从句:一是that language imprisons the mind,一是and that the grammatical patterns…society。

【词汇】come to 逐渐

state v.阐明

imprisons the mind“禁锢思想(或思维)”, 注意不能译成“把大脑(或思想) 关进牢房”

far reaching深远的

consequence影响

【译文】汤姆逐步开始相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,其极端说法是:语言禁锢思维,语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

37. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

【分析】本句主语的核心词汇是The great interest in exceptional children,后面是分词结构作后置定语shown in public education over the past three decades,其中over the past three decades 是时间状语。谓语动词是indicates, 宾语是the strong feeling in our society, that引导分割式同位语从句解释the strong feeling,从句中all citizens是主语,后面是插入语,谓语部分是deserve the opportunity to…。

[语法知识拓展]分割式同位语从句指的是先行词和关系词之间还带有其他成分,通常是介词短语。如何判断是不是分割式,一是看从句的动词形式,比方说I know many places in the world that have their own cultures. 从句中动词是have,显然前面的名词是places,不是world。二是根据句意。

【词汇】show great interest in对…表示强烈的兴趣

deserve the opportunity to 享有…的机会

【译文】在过去的30年中,公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种强烈的情绪,那就是所有的公民,不管其情况有多特殊,都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。

38. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

【分析】句首是as引导的状语从句,其中move away from后面接了三个并列的宾语their stable community, their friends of many years和their extended family relationships,主句是and 连接的两个句子组合而成的并列句,前面一个句子的主语是the informal flow of information,谓语是is cut off,后面一个句子中,with it是状语,主语是the confidence,后面that引导同位语从句。注意:后面分句本身结构是the confidence that…. is cut off,由于and前后并列,句尾的is cut off被省略。

【词汇】stable 稳定的

cut off切断

trustworthy 值得信赖的

reliable 可靠的

【译文】随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区,离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系,非正式的信息流动被切断了,随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。

39. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large

professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

【分析】the change是主语,and并列两个谓语动词met和prevented,the technical requirements of the new age是met的宾语,by引导状语,the decline in efficiency是prevented的宾语,that引导定语从句。

【词汇】engage 从事;引入或吸引

meet the requirements of the new age满足新时代的要求

spoil 损坏[spare the rod, spoil the child.棍棒底下出孝子。]

energetic 充满活力的

【译文】这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求,并且这种变化防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人的时候,经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。

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【分析】句首是状语,其中During the discussion of rock singing verses表示对象,at表示地点,last month's stockholders' meeting是具体的地点,主干结构是Levin asserted that….and cited his son,that引导宾语从句,a teacher in the Bronx, New York是插入语,也是his son的同位语,who引导定语从句修饰his son。

【难词】

verse诗篇,在这里是语境含义

stockholder股东

assert宣称

ill是熟词僻义,表示问题

cite sb.以…为例

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