1.And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.
[语法难点]：句子的主语是separation，谓语是is deepened。the detective feels是修饰separation的定语从句，介词短语between himself and…也是修饰separation的定语，这两个定语造成了主谓分隔。as引导的句子是方式状语从句;介词短语
of citizens, social workers…是mindedness的定语;who引导的定语从句修饰前面的五个名词;that引导的定语从句修饰hope。
[句子翻译]：警察认为由于人们(市民、社会工作者、医生、立法人员以及法官)头脑简单——比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新——使得他们(警察)与社会之间的隔阂更深一层。
2. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
3. There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end.
4.Captured document which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner--of—war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially.
5.A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research。
6.But he talked as well about the ―balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.
7. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
8. This is precisely what alarms the sighted reader who thinks of reading as a private and intensely personal act, a solo flight with no copilot to look over your shoulder, make snide comments, or gush about the view.
9.A poignant account of the violation of a woman’s virtue stood a much better chance of appealing to northern sensibilities than a pronouncement for woman's individual rights, if only because such an account reaffirmed woman’s essentially domestic nature.
10.(1)He wore the blue bag in the manner of my great –coat , (2)and was strutting along the pavement towards me on the opposite side of the street, (3)attended by a company of delighted young friends to whom he from time to time exclaimed ,with a wave of his hand , “Don’t know yah!”
11. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.
12.Authors who make this their motto, in the name of artistic integrity, can hardly be expected to tolerate the attitudes of critically acclaimed nineteenth-century novelists, who believed that their first duty was to try to seem “pleasant,” and that to do so they must render their meanings “without an effort to the reader.”
13. The scientific method is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the identification of a problem, the collection of relevant data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses that aim to solve the problem.
14. Historians such as Le Roy Laurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups （these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the lawand have revealed how the authorities administered justice.
15. It is one of nature’s great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants’ leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.
16. Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.
17. More probable is bird transport, either externally, by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
18. If there is a scientific rather than a sentimental answer, it might be one analogous to recognizing the paramount importance of maintaining the diversity of species. The more the world becomes politically, economically, and culturally centralized, the more homogenized its ways of living, the more the dangers of sameness become apparent.
19. Deception of an innocent kind is their intention; asked if the picture is genuine, few of them, I imagine, would lie. Nor would they be wise to.
20. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the family by technological developments that made possible
t he recruitment of “the whole female sex into public industry”.
1\[语法难点]：句子的主语是separation，谓语是is deepened。the detective feels是修饰separation的定语从句，介词短语between himself and…也是修饰separation的定语，这两个定语造成了主谓分隔。as引导的句子是方式状语从句;介词短语
of citizens, social workers…是mindedness的定语;who引导的定语从句修饰前面的五个名词;that引导的定语从句修饰hope。
[句子翻译]：警察认为由于人们(市民、社会工作者、医生、立法人员以及法官)头脑简单——比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新——使得他们(警察)与社会之间的隔阂更深一层。
2\[语法难点] 这段话并不难理解，主要涉及到几项并列结构以及定语从句，which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰
hypocritical spectacles，who引导的定语从句修饰the publisher，advocating是journalist的后置定语，whose引导的非限制性定语从句也修饰前面的journalist。
[句子翻译] 相反，我们被款待看到这样一些虚伪的壮观景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更供应充足：美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐;倡导在人生各个阶段的参与民主制的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。
3\[语法难点] that引导的句子是faith的同位语，them指代前面的the powers of nature以及themechanisms of man’s hands。
[句子翻译] 仍然具有这种信念，普通人的力量要比自然的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大，而且最终会控制它们。
4\[语法难点]: 这个句子是由一个主句，三个定语从句和一个宾语从句组成的。“缴获的文件外加战俘的口供使我们相信……”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容，主句中的主语“文件”和“口供”均有限制性定语从句作修饰成分，宾语“相信”后有一个宾语从句。
[句子翻译] 我们从经由这个走廊渗透进来的人身上缴获的文件，加上近几个月从战俘那里得到的口供，使我们相信，渗透的规模确实扩大了。
5\
[语法难点] 在that引导的宾语从句中，又套入了两个who引导的定语从句。这个句子主句的主体是a survey reveals that…。从句
的结构比较复杂：主语是the antiscience tag(反科学的标签)，谓语是hasbeen attached to(被贴到)，宾语是many other groups，后面用了一个from sb. who…to sb. who…的结构来举例解释这些groups包括什么人
[句子翻译] 1996年进行的一次对新书的调查显示，“反科学”的标签也被贴在了很多别的人群的身上，包括提倡根除残余的天花病
毒的权威机构，以及提倡削减基础科学研究资金的民主党人
6\[句子主干]But he talked as well about …, and he announced that…
[语法难点]该句没有从句结构，而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would是因为表达了某人的主观态度和意愿。
[句子翻译]但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定
各种发行和标识的标准
7\[句子主干] Actually it isn’ t, because it assumes that…, which is…
[语法难点] 有套合从句。本句为主从复合句。主句很简单，而because引导的原因状语从句中，又有一个that引导的宾语从句。这个从句中，主语an agreed account of human rights由一个which引导的飞行定性定语从句修饰，而这个非限定性定语从句中又有一个限定性定语从句the world does not have来修饰something。
[句子翻译] 事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
8\[句子主干] this is precisely what alarms the sighted reader……
[语法难点] what 引导的是表语从句，who引导的定语从句修饰the sighted reader，think…as….将….认为是……
[句子翻译] 正是这样的感觉为那些有眼光的读者敲醒了警钟，这些人把阅读看作是一件私事和极度个人的行为，就像在没有副驾驶员看者你肩膀的情况下单独飞行一样，做低劣的评论，或涌现出想法。
9\[句子主干] A poignant account…stood a much better chance…. than a pronouncement
[语法难点] 句子的主要结构是比较级，多个限定成分的出现扰乱了读者思路。其中
account of the violation of a woman’s virtue，chance of appealing to northernsensibilities，
pronouncement for woman’s individual rights都是有多个限定成分的句子，这句话的主语是violation，谓语是stood，宾语部分由一个比较级组成。if only的意思是只要、、、、、only if 意为只有、、、、
[句子翻译] 关于违背女性德行的辛辣言论比对妇女个人权利的宣告更能够吸引北方人的注意，只要这个言论重申女性家庭的本质。10\[句子主干] He…. was strutting…. towards me，….attended by young friends
[语法难点] 本句话可以分为三部分，重点在于理解各个部分之间的连接关系，其中第三部分attended…….表示被动，作伴随状语。in the manner of是以….的方式
[句子翻译] 他把兰色的袋子披在身上，像我穿大衣一样，沿着石铺路摆出四方步从对面的人行道出发向我走过来，有一群快乐的少年伙伴围在他左右，他一次又一次地对他们挥着手并且呼喊着：“不认识你啊!”
11. 插入语；程度
译文：在存在大量食草动物的地方却只有少量的海藻细胞，这暗示出——但没能证明——食草动物已吞噬了大部分水藻。
12. 插入语
译文：将此奉为箴言的作者在艺术完整性方面将很难容忍那些19世纪饱受评论界赞誉的小说家们的态度。当时的小说家认为他们的首要职责是试图让作品显得“愉悦”，而做到此，他们就必须要使自己的意思“让读者读起来毫不费力。”
13.并列结构
译文：科学方法就是系统地追寻知识，它涉及识别问题，通过观察和实验收集相关数据，以及为解决问题构想及验证假说。
14.复杂修饰（插入语）
译文：象勒罗伊·拉迪里（Le Roy Ladurie）一类的史学家利用这些文献提取出案例史，阐明了不同社会群体的态度（这些态度包括，但并非局限于，对犯罪和法律的态度），并揭示出当局是如何执行审判的。
15.复杂修饰
译文：这情形真可谓是自然界的一个莫大讽刺：植物从土壤中所能获得的氮肥量往往对其生长设定了一个上限，尽管植物的叶子沐浴在一片氮气的海洋中。
16.倒装，省略；解释说明
译文：在成年比目鱼身上显著存在的诸多不对称（asymmetry）特征中，最引人注目的是眼
睛的位置：在成年之前，一只眼睛发生移动，因此成年比目鱼的两只眼睛均位于头部的同一侧。
17.复杂修饰（插入语），倒装；列举，反义词
译文：更有可能的是鸟类运输：要么通过种籽偶然粘附在羽毛上的外部方式；要么通过鸟类吞食果子并随后将种籽排泄出来的内部方式进行运输。
18.插入
译文：如果有一个科学的而非感性的答案，它可能类似于要意识到保持物种多样性的至关重要性。世界在政治、经济、文化上越集中，生活方式越趋同，那么这种同一化带来的危险就越显著。
19.倒装
译文：他们的意图是一种无伤大雅的欺骗；如果问他们这幅画是否是真品，我想，很少人会撒谎。他们也没有精明到那个地步。
20.复杂修饰（插入语）；转折
译文：Friedrich Engels (恩格斯)却预测，由于技术进步，使得“征召整个女性阶层进入公共行业”成为可能，妇女们将从家庭的“社会、法律和经济附属地位”中解放出来。
30. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. 解析：该句的主干是The goal … will be to try to explain...，explain后接的是双宾语，即explain to sb. sth.，直接宾语是that引导的从句。该从句的主干是there are not two theories for...，其中origin和evolution，universe和life都是and连接的并列名词。 词汇：unenlightened adj. 无知的，不文明的 valid adj.有效的 evolution n. 进化，发展 译文：所有（这些书）的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑不解且常常头脑不开化的普通百姓：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种同样成立的科学理论。 31. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 【分析】在这个主从复合句中，while引导的从句由两个部分组成，中间用and 连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容，做为插入语。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。it isn't clear … is injured是主句，主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的 从句，they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability是主体，之后是一个if引导的条件从句。 【词汇】interaction 相互作用 federal 联邦 regulation法规 protect…from…保护…以免 liability 责任(be liable for对…负责) 【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提 出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。 32. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC ——including ordinary listeners and viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. 【分析】主句是The debate was launched by the Government，后面是which引导的非限定性 定语从句，谓语部分比较特殊，是invited…sb. to say …破折号后面是anyone with an opinion of the BBC的解释说明。say后面是两个宾语从句，一个是what引导，一个是whether 引导。【词汇】launch 发起 viewer观众
如何掌握长难句 复杂长句是考研阅读理解短文的最显著特点之一，是文章语言难度所在，也是命题者常常出题之处。因此具备较好的剖析复杂长句的能力，对于考研阅读理解至关重要。复杂长句典型的特点是，多个语法现象或特殊句式同时出现在一个较长的句子中，使句子修饰词很多，句中套句，成分中套成分，从而造成考生对其准确意义的理解困难。 对于复杂长句，不管其结构多么复杂多变、盘根错节，只要把握住句子结构的主脉络抓住句子的关键词和关键信息，再根据自己所掌握的各种语法知识及一些特殊句式的构成规律，就可理清头绪，找到思路。由于复杂长句很难理解，考生在平时阅读时应多加练习。 下面分8类总结了最典型的70句真题长难句，希望考生复习时能多揣摩，如能将其中英文全部背熟，长难句肯定过关。 第一节比较结构 1.There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 【参考译文】现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术---这要比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。 2.I have discovered，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress，that abandoning the doctr ine of “juggling your life”，and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status． 【参考译文】或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后—样，我已经发现，放弃那种“为生活忙碌”的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。 3.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. 【参考译文】在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的---那是在80年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后---现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相关；而在英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，追求简约生活的原因就多种多样了。
(01) (10-R-1) We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. (49 words) (02) (10-R-1) “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applie d by writers who are not read to writers who are’.” (43 words) (03) (10-R-3) For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. (48 words) (04) (09-R-3) Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. (46 words) (05) (09-R-4) Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope —all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical
2012年考研英语长难句翻译六大技巧 2012年的英语考研大纲与2011年的相比没有大变化。阅读理解部分的翻译仍是一块分量很重的考察内容。其实掌握了翻译的解题技巧，翻译就成了最好拿分的一个题型。因为翻译题型主要考察两点：词汇和长难句。而翻译题型的词汇一般是认识的，最主要的一点就是碰到最难翻译的长句该怎么办？ 从近些年的真题中，我们发现命题者有一个非常清楚的或者非常明显的趋势和导向，就是对于比较复杂的句子结构和文章考察的比重加大。这个体现在各个部分的题型当中，尤其以英译汉部分最为明显。所以想要抓住获得高分的“核心竞争力”就要着重提高对文章长难句和段落逻辑结构的把握上，再加上一定的应试技巧和策略，才能在考研英语中取得高分。万学海文提醒大家要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解翻译成汉语的短句，这样翻译做起来就容易得分多了。 在英语长句的翻译过程中，下面六个技巧可以发挥很大的作用： (1) 逆序法 英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉，即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。 例如： It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice。
2018考研英语冲刺之长难句翻译赏析 所谓长难句，就是指句子中有着复杂的结构和一些生僻名词或者熟词僻意词汇，句子本身较长，结构复杂，理解有难度，试想，如果句子中的词汇不是很熟悉，一定会对理解造成一定的影响，考研英语一中会出现超纲词汇，考生不可避免的会“懵”出词汇含义，这就考察到翻译的技巧。下面为考生展现了一些晶灿的长难句翻译，希望考生从中领悟翻译精髓。 It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize s and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 【精彩译文】构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的，这点我们还不是很清楚。 Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,whether it’s knowing when to guess or what question to skip. 【精彩译文】任何一个参加过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要，无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。 On another level ,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 【精彩译文】在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人事承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对病人来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的身体痛苦。 The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training , and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom . 【精彩译文】很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然科学领域中表现得最为明显，并且可以用英国的地质学发展作为例证来说明。 The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for“birgin”forest. 【精彩译文】有理论认为亚马逊流域很大一部分从过去的农业耕作中如此完美地恢复了过来，以至于哪些重新生长的部分被好几代生物学家都错误地认为是原始森林。这些发现进一步地证明了这一理论。 An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of student’s career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. 【精彩译文】一条五星的界限将支持计算机课堂的人分成两类：一类是从学生的职业前景出发考虑的，另一类人想得是像教育的彻底改革这样的一些更广泛的理由。 Instead , we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles , which now more than
Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost and lime which can be obtained from the calcinations of limestone widely present in nature. 【分析】原文是一个典型的英语复杂长句，由42个单词组成，全靠一个逗号和几个连词结合成一个多层次的、内容丰富的句子。主句的主干是：Plastics is made from water, coal and lime; water, coal和lime之后各有一个定语从句，其中的后两个定语从句还是被动语态。所以，按照汉语的表达习惯，翻译时要化整为零，可以把主句和各个定语从句分开译成短句，其中的一些状语比如at less cost也可以单独处理成短句。 【译文】塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是到处可以获得的、取之不尽的一种自然资源;煤可以通过自动化和机械化来开采，成本较低;石灰可由煅烧自然界广泛存在的石灰石而得到。 Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs. 【要点】此句为一个多层次的并列结构，”by” 以前的部分为句子的主体部分，由“and”连接的两个并列的分句组成。第二个分句的主语和一部分谓语省略了以避免重复。In doing so可以理解为in the process of distinguished themselves from other animals。第二个分局的完整句子应为and in doing so (they have) ensured their survival。By 所引导的短语里ability带了多个动词不定式做修饰，这些不定式又存在着一个并列的结构，to observe and (to) understand与either……or引导的to adapt to……，to control and (to) adapt it……得并列，and连接。 【译文】人类已把自己和其他动物区别开了。人类具有观察和了解周围环境的能力，能适应环境，控制环境和根据自己的需要改造环境。人类就是这样生存了下来。 The medical waste that has fouled beaches in the New York region at the peak of the summer season has taken its toll on business all along the shore, driving vacationers away both from beaches that have been closed and from those that have remained open. 【要点】本句主要结构是the medical waste...has taken its toll...。that...season引导定语从句，修饰medical waste。at the peak of the summer season作状语，表时间。driving...是现在分词作状语，表结果。that have been closed和that have remained open是定语从句，分别修饰beaches和those。those代替beaches。
英语长难句翻译技巧及方法 英汉两种语言句子的不同特点是：英语书面语长句较多；汉语一般短句较多。英语句子结构较紧，多用主人结构，英语可有各种后置修饰语（介词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语以及从句），这些成分都是造成英语长句的原因；汉语句子结构较松，多用并列结构。有翻译经验的人们对这些特点作过形象的比喻，把英语句子结构比作“葡萄”，把汉语句子结构比作“竹节”。翻译长句时，可将英语的葡萄结构拆成汉语的竹节结构，即把成串的拆成成条的。 英汉两种语言的语序差异是：英语时间顺序灵活（表示时间的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是从先到后。英语逻辑顺序也比较灵活（表示原因、条件的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是前因后果，先进条年，后谈结果。英语中的句词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）与汉语句子主谓宾的语序基本一致，因此，一般都可按汉语的表达方式处理。 顺序法 如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序以及名词性从句与汉语句子的语序基本相似，一般可按原文顺序译：如： 本句时间状语从句在前，用顺序法译。 （1）As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. 由于天气晴朗，当时又无急事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。有时干脆停下脚步，四处张望。 逆序法 如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序与汉语句子的语序相反，一般可逆原文顺序译。如： （2）“Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it ……”他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信它或拒绝它。……” 分译法 由于的英语可有各种后置修饰语，所以有些英语句子很长。为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们常可将长句中的一连患后置修饰语与其修饰成分分开来译，即把短语或从句拆译为短句，有时还需将后置修饰语另作适当安排并适当增加词语。如： （1）A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to pro duce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，他必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。
考研英语长难句翻译之四大状语从句 状语从句时考研翻译中很重要的一部分，几乎涉及到每一个长难句，所以我们有必要把状语从句单独拿出来解决。一般来讲状语从句的翻译相对简单，顺着句子的顺序去翻译就好了，但我们有时候还是会发现有些问题不是很好处理。 首先我们先看一下状语从句的特点。1.一般情况下，引导英语状语从句的从属连词，基本可以在汉语中找到相对应关联词，但有时不必翻译，因为引导汉语状语分句的关联词时常省略，有近50%的汉语复句中并不使用关联词语而且省略关联词的汉语句子更为精练。 2.英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活，置于主句之前或主句之后均可。汉语状语分句一般位于主句之前，只有偶尔才位于主句之后。 这是在翻译状语从句时总体来讲应该注意的问题，下面我们从状语从句的几个分支分别来看一下翻译。 (一)时间状语从句的翻译 1、译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的状语 例：When they approached Trenton, lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christ mas parties were still going on. 当他们逼近屈兰敦时, 许多房子里仍然灯火通明，圣诞晚会还未结束。 由于英汉语言表达的习惯差异，通常汉语的状语从句位于句首，而英语的状语从句可前可后, 以后为多。汉语是一种意合的语言，汉语句子较少使用关联词。 2、翻译成固定(常规)句型 一般像由hardly (scarcely)…. when (before)…no sooner…than…as soon as …the moment(the instant )…just as…等短语连词引导的时间状语从句翻译成汉语时, 主句与从句通常要互换, 常常译成包含"刚(一)……就……"这种结构的句子。同样，包含该结构的汉语句子亦应翻译成英语中相对应的固定句式。 例：计算机刚一启动，就发现有病毒。 Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found. As soon as she heard the news, she fainted. 3、译成并列分句 例：I was going home when I met Mary. 我正要回家, 就在这个时候，我碰到了玛丽。 4、转译为其他状语从句 英语状语从句有时它们的深层意义互相渗透，可以互相替换，需要转译。有些时间状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时间的引导词(如 when, before, until 等)引导，但根据句子逻辑意义来判断，应灵活翻译成表因果关系的从句，或者翻译为表条件的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。
【精心整理】从句长难句翻译【例句&讲解】 英语从句的翻译定语从句状语从句 名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） >>定语从句的翻译 无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，翻译成汉语时是处理为前置定语还是后置定语，要视具体情况而定；有些定语从句和主句存在着状语关系，翻译时更要灵活对待。 It was what sentimentalists,who deal in very big words,call a yearning after the ideal,and simply means that women are not satisfied until they have husbands and children on whom they may center affections,which are spent elsewhere,as it were,in small changes. It was what sentimentalists call a yearning after the ideal,and means that women they are not satisfied until they have
husbands and children. 【大意】这就是情感主义者称之为对于理想爱情的渴望，简单说来，就是女人必须在有了丈夫和孩子之后才能感到满足。 who引导的定语从句who deal in very big words用来修饰sentimentalists(情感主义者)whom引导的定语从句on whom they may center affections用来修饰husbands and children which引导的定语从句which are spent elsewhere,as it were,in small changes用来修饰affections 一般情感主义者喜欢用大字眼,称之为对于理想爱情的渴望。换言之，他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄，必须有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。 >>前置法： 如果定语从句较短，限制能力较强，一般我们将此类定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组，放在被修饰的先行词的前面。 Those who sacrifice themselves for the people's cause are the real heroes of history. We found a restaurant where the food was excellent.
1. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。【析句】句子的主干是The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Science s to tell us that...and that...。主系表容易辨认，to tell us作目的状语，两个并列的that引导tell的宾语从句。令整个句子略显复杂的是插入语enlisted by the Whi te House，割裂了这句话的整体性。 2. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。【析句】首先，句子的主干science does provide us...future and it is critica l...。and连接两个并列的句子，前句是个简单句，容易理解；后句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，因为从句很长，若放在句首，句子则显得头重脚轻。t hat主语从句中，our nation and the world 是主语，base是谓语，important policies是宾语，on the best judgments 是宾语补足语，而judgments后有that引导的定语从句。注意，concerning the futrue...actions中的concerning此处是介词，意为“关于，就……而论”。 3. Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. (2005. 阅读. T ext 2) 【译文】就像吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断地排放气体。【析句】句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters,insiting that...,that... 中，insisting是现在分词作定语，相当于that insist; 两个that引导的都是宾语从句，作insist的宾语。第二个that从句中，还包含until引导的时间状语从句。 1. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in
学姐亲授英语长难句翻译答题注意事项 摘要：考研英语阅读、翻译等题型中多包含长难句，这常常成为影响同学们做题正确性的关键点，如何攻克长难句，各大名师都有自己的分析，今天我们带来毙考题学姐自己的备考经验，更易上手的好方法。 1.英语一和英语二的复习方法是否有区别？ 首先和大家说明一下英语一和英语二在翻译上的区别：从难度水平上来看，英语一的难度要高于英语二；从出题形式上来看，英语一在文本中挑选5个长难句要求考生进行翻译，而英语二则是挑选一段话进行翻译，这是在出题形式上的差别。 然而，从复习方法上来看，英语一与英语二是基本一致的。虽然形式不同，但是英语中翻译句子的方法是万变不离其中的，因此一般考研英语翻译的相关材料也是同时适用于英语一和英语二的，只要掌握了提炼句子结构与成分的方法，无论是任何长难句都可以迎刃而解，因此在翻译这一题型中不需要特别去区分英语一和英语二。当然，在临近考试的阶段可以更多地去熟悉自己所要考的题型。 2.如何选择长难句翻译的复习材料？ 长难句翻译的材料大致可分为两种：一种是针对包括阅读理解与翻译在内的所有长难句译法的详解，植根于句子本身的类型和结构从语法角度进行全面讲解；另一种则是专门针对考研翻译真题，简要介绍翻译方法后，对历年翻译部分的真题进行详细的结构划分和翻译，相比之下更具针对性。因此建议大家根据自己的实际情况和复习偏好，自己去选择适合自己的复习材料。
3.如何辨别简单句与复合句？ 所谓简单句，就是句子中只有一套主谓结构的句子，复合句则是指句子中有多于一套的主谓结构，因此，通过句子中能提炼出的主谓个数即可判断出来。另一种相对直观的方法是根据从句的引导词判断，例如：what,that,which等等，通常每一种从句都会有比较明显的引导词出现，对这些词进行积累就能很容易判断出来。当然，一般来说，考研英语翻译题中出现的绝大多数都是复合句，即使是简单句，翻译的难度也不亚于复合句。 4.如何提炼主句与从句？ 提炼主句与从句是一项需要长期培养的能力，很多地方需要在练习和积累中慢慢体会。不过简单来说，提炼主句就是提炼出句子最主干的那套主谓宾，所以要对句子中的主语、谓语和宾语部分保持敏感。另外，就像前面所说的，从句一般都会有比较明确的引导词，根据引导词划分从句一般是比较便捷的方法。 5.是否应当把阅读理解当成翻译来做？ 很多同学觉得考研英语翻译的真题偏少，为了增强自己的翻译能力，常常会犹豫是否应该把阅读理解当成翻译题来做。那么首先我们需要明确的是，阅读理解的选择题和翻译题对考
高考英语-经典长难句解析及翻译 7. 2018年全国Ⅰ卷，阅读理解D篇 The team' s data only went up to2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 生词： function n. 功能 tablet n. 平板电脑 第一步：有并列结构（but） 第二部：分析主干和定状 The team' s data（主语）only（小状）went（谓语）up to 2007（小状）， the researchers（主语）also explored（谓语）what would happen（宾语）if consumers replaced old products with new electronics（状语，从句）that serve more than one function （定语）, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing（同位语）. 第三步： 根据状语倒序前置，定语倒序前置的翻译方法，我们可也把这句话翻译为： “这个团队的数据截止到2007年”
“如果消费者用不止一个功能的新电器，比如可以处理文字并且看电视的平板，来取代老的产品，研究者们也弄清楚了将会发生什么事情。” 第四步：合并并列结构并翻译： “这个团队的数据截止到2007年。但是，如果消费者用不止一个功能的新电器，比如可以处理文字并且看电视的平板，来取代老的产品，研究者们也弄清楚了将会发生什么事情。” Get busy living or get busy dying 6. 2018年全国Ⅰ卷，阅读理解D篇 According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. 生词： analysis n. 分析 cathode ray tubes 阴极射线管 consumption n. 消耗 第一步：没有并列结构 第二部：分析主干和定状 According to the analysis（状1，分词短语）of Babbitt's team（状2，介词短语）, old desktop monitors and box TVs（主语）with cathode ray tubes（定语）are（系）the worst devices
第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1．简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性：定语从句 副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002） 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with 做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习：1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B：状语从句中的省略 规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. （比较）真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作