1Thyristors should not be confused with bipolar junction transistors or field-effect transistors.
不应将晶闸管与双结型晶体管（bipolar junction transistors，BJTs）或场效应管（field-effect transistors，FETs）混淆起来.
2BJTs and FETs are both capable of performing switching operations. As a rule, these devices are not as efficient as thyristor and do not have the power-handling capability.
BJTs与FETs都能够完成开关操作。按照惯例，这些器件并没有晶闸管那么有效率且不具备功率（电力）处理能力。
3Thyristors are used as power control devices, whereas transistors are primarily used in amplifying applications.
晶闸管通常用作电力控制器件，而晶体管主要用于信号放大。
4A variety of unidirectional thyristors is now being used in industrial electronic applications. One of the first to be developed was the silicon-controlled rectifier(SCR). The term thyristor was derived form the words thyratron-transistor.
工业电子应用系统目前使用了很多种单向晶闸管。可控硅整流器（silicon-controlled rectifier, SCR）就是最初开发出的三极管之一。术语晶闸管“thyristor”源自于单词“thyratron-transistor”。
5An SCR is classified as a reverse blocking triode thyristor. This means that the device has conductibility in only one direction. When its anode and cathode are reverse biased, the device will not conduct.
SCR被归类为反向阻断晶闸管。这意味着该器件仅在一个方向上导通。当其阳极、负极处于反偏时，它不导通。
6The silicon-controlled switch(SCS) and the programmable unijunction transistor(PUT) are two other thyristors of this classification.
可控硅开关(silicon-controlled switch, SCS)和可编程单结晶体管(programmable unijunction transistor, PUT)是该类的另外两种晶闸管。
7The internal construction of an op-amp is quite complex and usually contains a large number of discrete components.
运算放大器的内部结构非常复杂，它通常包含大量的分离元件。
8A person working with an op-amp does not ordinarily need to be concerned with its internal construction. It is helpful, however, to have some general understanding of what the internal circuitry accomplishes.
使用运算放大器工作的人一般并不需要关心其内部结构。然而，了解其内部电路所具备功能的一般常识是很有帮助地。
9This permits the user to see how the device performs and indicates some of its limitations as a functioning unit.
这就让用户明白该器件是怎样工作的，当然也显示出其作为一个功能单元的一些局限。
10The first stage or input of an op-amp is usually a differential amplifier. This amplifier has two inputs, which are labeled V1 and V2.
运算放大器的内部结构非常复杂，它通常包含大量的分离元件。运算放大器的输入或者其第一级通常是一个差分放大器。该放大器有两个分别标为V1、V2的输入端。
11It provides high gain of the signal difference supplied to the two inputs and low gain for common signals applied to both inputs simultaneously.
它对同时施加在两个输入端的差分、共模信号分别提供高、低增益。
12The input impedance is high to any applied signal. The output of the amplifier is generally two signals of equal amplitude and 180o out of phase. This could be described as a push-pull input and output.
对于任意信号，输入阻抗均很大。它一般输出幅值相同而相位相差180o的两路信号。这可称为推拉式输入输出。
13Flip-flops are commonly used to generate signals, shape waves, and achieve division.
触发器通常用于产生信号、整形波形、实现分频
14In addition to these operations, a flip-flop may also be used as a memory device.
除此之外，它也可用作存储器件。
15In this capacity, it can be made to hold an output state even when the input is completely removed. It can also be made to change its output when an appropriate input signal occurs. 至于这方面，甚至当输入信号被完全去除时它都能保持输出状态。当出现合适的输入信号时，也可用它来改变其输出状态。
16In many digital system applications, flip-flops must be set and cleared at specific times with respect to other operation circuits.
许多数字应用系统在特定时刻参照其其它运算电路须要求对触发器进行置位、清零。
17This type of operation can be achieved by manipulating flip-flops in step with a clock pulse
这类操作可通过逐步控制触发器实现。
18In this case, the appropriate RS inputs and clock pulse must all be present in order to cause a state change. A device of this type is called an RS triggered flip-flop or simply an RST flip-flop.
在这种情况下，须要有合适的RS输入信号和时钟脉冲以促使触发器状态的改变。这种器件就称为RS触发的触发器或者简称为RST触发器。
19One of the most versatile and important logic devices of digital system is the counter. This device, as a general rule, can be employed to count a wide varity of objects in a number of different digital system applications.
计数器是数字系统的最通用、重要的逻辑器件之一。作为惯例，它可对许多不同数字应用系统中的大量物体进行计数。
20While this device may be called upon to count an endless number of objects, it essentially counts only one thing, electronic pulses.
尽管可以说该器件能对数不清的物体进行计数，本质上，它仅仅对一种物体进行了计数，即电脉冲。
21These pulses may be produced electronically by a clock mechanism, electromechanically, photoelectrically, acoustically, or by a number of other processes. The basic operation of the counter, however, is completely independent of the pulse generator.
这些脉冲可由机电式、电子光学式、声音式或许多其它形式的脉冲机构产生。然而，计数器的基本工作完全独立于这些脉冲产生器。
22A common application of the digital counter is used to count numerical information in binary form.
数字计数器的一个普通应用就是对二进制形式的数字信息进行计数。
23This type of device simply employs a number of flip-flops connected so that the Q output of the first device drives the trigger or clock input of the next device. Each flip-flop therefore has a divide-by-2 function
这类器件仅仅使用了大量的触发器，这些触发器顺次连接起来以便于第一个触发器的输出驱动下一个触发器的触发引脚或者时钟输入。每个触发器因此具有2分频功能。
24For many applications, a smooth dc output voltage with the ac ripple removed is required.许多应用系统需要一个去除交流脉动的光滑直流电压。
25Circuits used removed ac vatiations of rectified direct cuurent are filter circuits.
去除整流后直流电流中交流脉动的电路就称为滤波电路。
26The output of a rectifier has a dc value and ac ripple value as shown in Figure 1.30.
如图1.3所示，整流器的输出包括直流成分和交流脉动成分。
27To gain a relative index of the amount of ac variation, the ripple factor of the output waveform of a rectifier can be determined by
为了获得整流器输出波形中交流变化量的相对大小，其脉动系数可表示为：
28Where r = ripple factor,
V r(rms) = rms value of the ac component,
V dc = average value of the rectified dc voltage
式中，r、V r(rms)、V dc分别表示纹波系数、交流部分的均方根值、整流后的直流电压平均值。
29A different value of filter capacitor would result in a change in the rate of discharge.
滤波器的电容大小不一样会导致其放电率的变化
30If C discharged a very small amount, the value of Vdc would be closer to the value of Vmax.
如果C放电量非常小，Vdc的值更接近Vmax。
31With light loads (high resistance), the capacitor filter will supply a high dc voltage with little ripple.
负载轻（大电阻）的电容滤波器能提供很小波动的高直流电压。
32However, with a heavy (low resistance) load connected, the dc voltage level will drop due to a greater ripple.
然而，若负载重（小电阻），较大脉动导致了直流电压的降低。
33The increased ripple is caused by the lower resist- ance discharge path for the filter capacitor.
增加的脉动是由和滤波电容形成放电通路的较小的电阻引起的。
34The effect of a heavier load on the filter capacitor is shown in Figure 1.31(D).
电容滤波器带重负载的效果如图1.31(D)所示。
35The concept of voltage regulation can be understood by refering to the formula
参照公式,可以最好地理解概念：电压调整。
36where VR= voltage regulation in percent, V NL = no-load terminal voltage, and V FL = rated full-load terminal voltage
式中，VR、V NL、V FL分别表示百分比表示的电压调整、空载下的终止电压、额定负载下的终止电压
37Operation of the three-terminal regulator is based on the applied input voltage and developed output voltage.
三端调整器的工作基于输入电压与输出电压。
38Output voltage is compared with a reference voltage by a high-gain error amplifier.
高增益误差放大器将输入电压与参考电压进行比较
39Any difference in voltage will be sensed by the error amplifier.
误差放大器感知两个电压的任何变化。
40The output of the error amplifier then controls conduction of the series-pass transistor
其输出控制串联三极管的传导。
41This transistor responds as a variable resistor
该三极管在这里作为可变电阻使用。
42It changes inversely with the load current to maintain the output voltage at a constant value.
它和负载电流的变化相反，以维持其输出电压在一个恒定的值。
43An increase in output voltage would cause a corres- ponding increase in the conduction of the series-pass transistor.
输出电压的增大会导致串联三极管传导的相应增加
44This in turn would cause more voltage drop across the series resistor, which would lower the output voltage.
相应地，降落在串联电阻上的电压会增大，从而降低输出电压。
45A decrease in output voltage would cause less conduction of the pass transistor.
输出电压的减小会导致串联三极管传导的相应降低.
46Reduced current through the series resistor will cause less voltage drop. The output voltage would therefore increase in value to compensate for the decrease in voltage.
减少的电流降低了串联电阻上的电压，因而提高了输出电压
47Shifting the phase of gate-cathode ac voltage with respect to the anode-cathode voltage can be used to control the conduction of an SCR.
参照阳极电压，移动门极交流电压的相位可以控制SCR的导通。
48In phase-control applications, the shape and amplitude of the gate voltage remain unchanged while its phase is shifted with respect to time.
在相位控制应用中，参照时间移动相位时门电压的形状、大小保持不变。
49Capacitors and inductors are commonly used to achieve this type of control.
通常利用电容、电感实现这种控制。
50Phase shifting of an ac sine wave usually involves an LR or an LC component combination 正弦交流波的相位移动经常包括LR或者LC组件。
51These components are used to alter the current and voltage relationship of the circuit.
利用这些组件改变电路的电流与电压之间的关系
52In an LR combination, inductance causes the current to lag behind the voltage by as much as 90°.
在LR组件中，电感上的电流滞后其电压90o。
53Altering the resistive component of this combination causes a total circuit impedance (Z) change, which in turn produces a phase change.
改变该组件中的电阻会导致整个电路阻抗的变化，其相位相应地发生了变化。
54An RC network, by comparison, causes the current to lead the coltage by as much as 90°.比较而言，RC网络中电容上的电流超前其电压90o
55Adjusting the value of R in this type of circuit changes the total impedance, which in turn causes a phase change.
调解R的大小从而改变整个阻抗，其相位相应地发生了变化。
56A common way to show the phase relationship of ac current and voltage is to represent
these values by lines called phasor.
显示交流电中电流、电压相位关系的通用方法是用称为相图的线表示。
57The line length of a phasor is used to show its value, while its direction is used to show phase relationships.
相图的线长代表了大小，方向代表了其相位关系
58Pulse triggering of an SCR can be accomplishied with a unijunction transistor or UJT. SCR的脉冲触发可借助于单结晶体管（unijunction transistor, UJT）实现。
59This device is commonly described as a voltage-controlled diode.
这种设备通常称为电压控制二极管。
60When used to trigger an SCR into conduction, UJTs can be designed to respond to low-level signals from other inputs.
触发SCR时，UJTs常用来响应来自于其它输入端的低级别信号。
61The output of photocells, thermocouples, and other transducers can be used to energize the input of a UJT, which in turn will trigger the conduction of an SCR.
光电管、热电偶以及其它变换器的输出可激活UJT的输入，相应地触发SCR，让其处于导通状态。
62Through this type of circuitry, it is possible to control a large SCR current with an extremely small input signal.
通过该类电路，非常小的输入信号可控制大的SCR电流。
63A unijunction transistor is a three-terminal, single-junction, solid-state device that has unidirectional conductivity.
UJT 是一个单向导通的三端、单结、固态器件.
64As illustrated in Fig. 1.47, a small bar of N-type silicon is mounted on a ceramic base.
如图1.47所示，陶瓷基部贴有N-型硅片
65Leads attached to the silicon bar are called base 1(B1) and base 2(B2).
附着在硅片上的导线称为基1（B1）和基2（B2）。
66The emitter (E) is formed by fusing an wire to the opposite side of the silicon bar.
将金属导线融化在硅片的另一侧就形成了发射极。
67The emitter is oriented so that it is closer to B2 than B1.
发射极的位置更靠近B2而非B1。
68A PN junction is formed by the emitter and the silicon bar.
发射极和硅片间形成了PN结。
69The arrow of the UJT symbol points N, which indicates that the emitter is P and the silicon bar is N material.
UJT的符号箭头指向N，这表示发射极是P型材料而硅片是N型材料。
70The arrow of the symbol is slanted to distinguish the UJT from the N-channel JEET symbol.
为区分N沟道JFET的符号，其符号箭头倾斜
71The design of people to control nature’s forces successfully has been the catalyst for progress throughout history.
人类成功征服自然的设计一直促进着整个历史的发展、进步。
72Our goal has been to control these forces in order to help perform physical tasks which were beyond our own capabilities.
我们的目标一直是控制这些自然力，以帮助我们完成我们自身无法完成的体力工作。
73During the dynamic and highly motivated 20th cen-
tury, the control-system engineering has transform-ed many of our hopes and dreams into reality
在快速发展的20世纪，控制系统业界已经把我们许多希望和梦想变为现实。
74Control-system engineers have made very important contributions to our advancements
控制系统工程师在这方面做出了重大贡献，
75As we look back, control-system engineers have made contributions to robotics; space-vehicle systems, including the successful accomplishment of the lunar soft landing; aircraft autopilots and controls; control-systems for ships and submarines, and automatic control systems for hydrofoil, surface-effect ships, high-speed rail system; and most recently, control system for the magnetic-levitation rail systems.
控制系统工程师在机器人方面做出了重大贡献，包括成功实现月球软着陆的航空系统，飞行器的自动驾驶仪与控制器，轮船与潜艇的控制系统，以及水翼艇、航空母舰、高速列车系统等的自动控制系统和最近的磁悬浮列车系统的控制系统。
76Yet all these types of control, if they are to be successful, have certain features in common.
A control system is the collection of components connected in such a way as to effect control over certain aspects of the domain in which the system operates.
一个控制系统是一些部件的集合，这些部件按某种方式连接在一起以有效控制被控对象的某些特定方面。
77In addition, Control systems exist that require no human intercation, such as aircraft automatic plots and auomobile cruise control systems
另外，有些控制系统不需要人的参与，如飞行器的自动驾驶与汽车的巡航控制系统。
78In dealing with control systems, particularly engineering control systems, we will deal with a variety of components, indicating that the subject is an interdisciplinary one.
在控制系统，特别是工程控制系统中，需要处理多种不同的部件，这意味着控制是一门交叉学科。
79The control engineer needs a working knowledge of mechanics, electronics, electrical machines, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, structures, material properties,and so on.
控制工程师需要机械、电子、电子机械、流体机械、热动力、结构、材料属性等方面的知识。
80Computers are used widely to implement control schemes, and an increasing knowledge of information technology and software engineering is therefore being demanded of control engineers
计算机被广泛地利用起来实施控制方案，要求控制工程师们具备日益增长的信息技术和软件工程知识。
81Obviously not every control system contains elements from each of the abvoe domains, but most useful control systems contain elements from more than one discipline.
显然，并不是每个控制系统的部件涉及上述所有领域，但是绝大多数有用的控制系统的部件所涉及的学科不少于上述中的一种。
82The design of any engineering system or component requires a specification of the job to be done, or of certain essential properties the system must have.
任何工程系统或部件的设计均需要所做工作或者系统必须具备的某些本质属性的一个指标。
83This specification should be fairly precise; it is useful to know when a given design is just
good enough for the job at hand since better quality almost invariably results in more complex, difficult and expensive designs. Automatic control systems are no exception.
该指标应非常精确。对于即将进行的工作，它有助于了解给定设计在何时才做得足够好，而更好的质量总是会导致更复杂、困难、昂贵的设计。自动控制系统也不例外。
84Control behavior of scalar feedback systems involves both steady-state and transient responses
反馈系统的控制习性包含稳态响应和瞬态响应两种。
85The same two categories are traditionally used for the performance specfications of feedback systems.
习惯上将这两类用于反馈系统的性能指标。
86Steady-state performance of a feedback system is generally described in terms of stability and accuracy.
反馈系统的稳态性能一般用术语稳定性和精度来描述。
87The degree of stability is an extremely important part of describing a control system’s performance criteria.
稳定度是描述一个控制系统性能标准的一个极为重要的部分。
88A feedback control system must be stable even when the system is subjected to command signals, extraneous inputs anywhere within the loop, power-supply variations and changes in parameters of the feedback loop.
甚至当系统受控于指令信号时，无论环内任何处的外部输入，还是电源的变化与反馈环内参数的改变，反馈控制系统必须是稳定的。
常用1000个单词的机电英语 able [`eibl] adj.能够 abnormal [b`n:ml] adj.异常 abort [`b:t]中断,停止 absent [`bsnt] adj. 不在的，缺少的 acceleration [k.sel`rein] n. 加速，加速度access [`kses] vt. 存取 action [`kn]. 动作 actuator [`ktjueit]n.操作(执行)机构,执行器 address [`dres] 地址 adjust [`dst] 调整，校正 adjustable wrench 活扳手 adjustable [`dstbl] 可调整的 adjusting screw 调整螺钉 adjustment [`dstment] 调节、调节装置 air compressor空压机 [km`pres] 压缩机 air exhaust fan排气扇[ig`z:st] 排气，抽完 air [e]风，空气 alarm [`lam] 报警 align [`lain] 定位，对准，调整 alternating current AC 交流电 [:l`t:nt] 轮流，交替ambient temp 环境温度 ambient [`mbit] 周围的，环境的 ammeter [`mit] n. 电流表，安培计 amp [mp] n. 安培 ampere [`mp] n. 安培 amplifier [`mplifai] n. 放大器，扩音器 analog input [`nlg] 模拟量输入 analog output 模拟量输出 analog signal 模拟信号[`nlg] [`signl] analog [`nlg] 模拟 analog-to-digital A/D 模数转换 [`diditl] angle valve 角伐 angle [`gl] 角度 application program 应用程序 [.pli`kein] 请求,应用 arc [a:k] 电弧，弧光 area [`eri] 面积，区域 arrester [e`rest] 避雷器 assemble line装配线，生产线[`sembl] assemble [`sembl] 安装，组装 asynchronous motor 异步马达 [ei`sins] atomizing [`tms.fi] 雾化
一．单词翻译(英译汉，汉译英共20分） compound pulley 组合滑轮 screw 螺丝 worm gear 涡轮 clearance fit 间隙配合 transition fit 过渡配合 interference fit 过盈配合 ground teeth 精密齿 gear reductions 齿轮减速比aluminum 铝 brass 黄铜 bronze 青铜 cast iron 铸铁 carbon 碳钢 alloy steel 合金钢 hardened steel 硬化钢 stainless steel 不锈钢 plastic materials 塑料材料 gear teeth 齿轮 straight-toothed 直齿轮 rack and pinion 齿条和齿轮 straight bevel gears 直齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gears 弧齿锥齿轮friction 摩擦 lubrication 润滑 lubricant 润滑剂 full fluid film lubrication 全液态薄膜润滑 boundary lubrication 边界润滑elastrohydrodynamic lubrication 流体弹性动力润滑 proton 质子 neutron 中子 parallel circuit 并联电路 series circuit 串联电路 electron 电子 inductor 电感 capacitor 电容 conductor 导体 semiconductor 半导体 metal-oxide-semiconductor 金属氧化物半导体 integrated circuit 集成电路integrated circuit chip 集成电路芯片 dopant 掺杂剂 mask 掩膜 doping 掺杂 photoresist 感光胶 etch 蚀刻法 dielectric 非传导性（电介质）rung 梯级 branch 分支 instructions 指令 power rails 母线 quantity 数量 parameter 参数 ladder diagram 梯形逻辑图 ON-delay timer 通电延时定时器OFF-delay timer 断电延时定时器retentive timer 保持定时器proximity timer 接近开关electromechanical control 机电控制mobile robots 可移动机器人manipulator robots 操作机器人 self reconfigurable robots 自变形（重装）机器人 Analog-to-Digital Converter A/D模数转换器 Digital-to-Analog Converter D/A模数转换器 ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)专用采集电路 Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换 Z-transform Z变换 valve 阀 pump 泵 motor 发动机 cavitation 气穴 hydraulic 液压的 equilibrium position 平衡位置vibration(oscillation) 振动transducer 饱和电抗器,传感器，变频器 reservoir 油箱 pump with electric motor 电力马达泵unloader and safety relief valve 减荷
Unit 11CAD and Applications I. Lead in Information related to the text Do you know what the Computer Aided Design (CAD) is? Do you know the history of CAD? What are the advantages of the CAD? Maybe you have used the CAD yet, but do you know how you can use it? Can you give an example? In the unit, you will study the development of CAD and how it is widely used. Now, let’s study new words and phrases together. II. Word Study 1. appropriate [?'pr?uprieit] a. 适当的v. 占用；拨出 1）Use the lists below to select the appropriate delimiter. 请用下面的列表选择相应的定界符。 2）A focus and concern on climate change is entirely appropriate. 对于气候变化的聚焦和关注是完全恰当的。 3）This is the "all appropriate measures" school of policy analysis. 这是政策分析中的“所有适当措施”学派。 2. interactive [,int?'r?ktiv] a. 交互式的，相互作用的 1）Reading is a complex and interactive process. 阅读是一个复杂和互动的过程。 2）A dialog between a user and an interactive data processing system. 一种用户与交互式数据处理系统间的对话（过程）。 3）EVEN when one person is doing all the talking, a conversation is an interactive process. 即使只是一个人在滔滔不绝，谈话也是一项双边交流的过程。 3. standard ['st?nd?d] n. 标准，规格a. 标准的 1）The standard answer is that we need better leaders. 标准答案就是，我们需要更好的领导。 2）For such a series it is usual to design a standard margin . 对于这种系列图幅，通常是设计一种标准图廓。 3）We see that this is the standard of perfection attained under nature. 我们可以看到这就是自然界中所得到的完善化的标准。 4. sophisticate [s?'fistikeit] n. 久经世故的人v. 曲解；使复杂，使精致 1）If you are wrong, admit it rather than sophisticate. 错了就要承认，不要强词夺理。 2）Alter with the intention to deceive; Sophisticate rose water with geraniol.
专业编码：051300 机电技术应用专业
前言 为了落实我校“国家级中职学校示范校”创建工作，实现国家教委提出的中等职业学校走“工学结合、校企合作、顶岗实习”的人才培养模式，坚持“做中学、做中教”的教学方法，积极探索在专业与产业、企业、岗位对接、专业课程内容与职业标准对接、教学过程与生产过程对接、学历证书与职业资格对接、职业教育与终身学习对接的教学改革任务，我校编写了部分重点专业的《专业课程标准》。 通过《专业课程标准》的实施，实现学生的通用能力、专业能力和就业能力三者融为一体的教学改革活动，从而使学生得到全面的培养和提高。与之相配套的考核评价体系以及“高效课堂”的实现是落实《专业课程标准》教学改革创新的关键环节。我们将不断地总结经验，不断地改进和完善该项工作，促进我校教学改革和教学质量的不断提升。
目录 一、专业名称 二、产业与职业岗位分析 三、招收对象及学制 四、培养目标及规格 1. 培养目标 2. 人才规格 五、课程（项目）体系 六、核心课程（项目）设置 七、教学进程安排 八、课程（项目）学时分配 九、专业教师与实训（实验）装备要求 十、核心课程（项目）课程标准（一）电工工艺技术 （二）机械与电气识图（CAD） （三）机床电气控制技术 （四）PLC与传感器技术应用技术
（五）液压与气动控制技术 （六）机械维修技术 （七）机床设备维修技术 机电技术应用专业课程标准 一、【专业名称】 机电技术应用 二、【产业与职业岗位分析】 随着产业结构的不断升级，现代制造业加速发展，机电技术应用专业领域的高技能型人才非常紧缺，这在一定程度上已制约了我国经济的快速发展。经过学校调研分析发现，我国机械制造业机电设备维修类复合型人才奇缺，仅机电设备维修类一线工人在我国的年需求量就达10万人。随着我市滨海新区的不断发展和建设，以汽车行业、模具制造业、电梯安装维修业、机械加工业、飞机制造等为主的高新技术机械加工制造领域，在机电设备维修专业岗位上均出现较大缺口，同时各大企业对于机电设备维修一线工人的素质要求也越来越高。直至2010年预测本市以机电设备维修专业实用型技能人才年需求量在1万人以上，这为学校继续扩大机电技术应用专业的办学规模、建设天津市专业领域一流水平的机电技术应用实训基地提供了广阔市场。 三、【招收对象及学制】
水电站机电英语专业词汇 a turn 一匝 abnormal 异常 abrasion 磨损 abrasive test 磨耗试验 abrasive wear 磨损 abutment 支墩 AC excitation circuit breaker 交流灭磁开关 AC(alternating current) 交流acceptance 交接，验收 access 通路 accessories 附件 accident 事故 according to 根据，依照 accuracy class 精度等级 acetylene 乙炔 active power 有功功率 actual size 实际尺寸 actual value 实际值 actuator 执行机构 adapter 接头 additional 附加的 adequate 适当的，足够的 adhesive 带粘性的，胶粘 adjacent 邻近的，接近的 adjust pad 调整垫片 adjust screw 顶丝 adjustable spanner 活扳手 adjusting plate 调整板adjusting 调节，调整 against ground 对地 Ag-braze piece银焊片 Ag-braze wire银焊丝 Ag-welding plate银焊片 Ag-welding rod银焊条 AI (analog input)模拟输入 air admission pipe补气管 air admission valve补气阀 air baffle plate挡风板 air chamber储气罐 air compressor空压机 air cooler 空气冷却器 air flow bridge风道 air gap气隙 air guide insulated隔离导气板 air guide空气导板 air housing风罩 air injection valve补气阀 air 空气 air-gap induction 气隙磁密 air-vents 通风沟 air-water heat exchanger 空气冷却器alarm 报警 alignment同轴性 alkali-less glass tape无碱带 alloy轴承合金 alternating circuit交流电路alternating current交流电
机电专业英语期末复习试题 一．选择题 1.If all points in a linkage move in parallel planes the system undergoes plan ar motion and the linkage may be described as a . A.planar motion B. planar linkage C. joints D. slide 2.Though frame material and design should handle damping, are sometimes built into frame sections to handle specific problems. A .beams B. holes C. dampers D. screw 3.The maximum allowable deflection of a shaft determined by critical s peed, gear, or bearing requirements. A. often B. must C. was D. is usually 4.We will have to to better and better solutions as we generate more in formation. A. repeat many times B. iterating C. iterate D. try ways 5.If a product configuration is specified and then examined to determ ine whether the performance requirements are met. A. finally B. tentatively C. temporary D. have been 6.Manufacturing can be defined as the of raw materials into useful prod ucts through the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods. A. transformation B. processing C. process D. transforming 7.The planer and knee types of milling machine is because of its flexibi lity. https://www.doczj.com/doc/2718700545.html,ed most commonly B. most popular C. the most commonly used D. mo st powerful 8.As a result, the system will vibrate at the frequency of the force re gardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system. A. action B. excitation C. out D. act 9.Before two components are assembled together, the relationship between the d imensions of the mating surfaces . A.must be giving out B. should printed clearly C. must be specified D . should be clearly noted 10.The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their surfaces. A. enveloping B. mating C. outer D. outside 11.The word itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and cer amics, while similar phenomena in plastics generally called . A. recrystallization…. corrosion B. recrystallization…degradation C. degradation…corrosion D. corrosion… degradation 12.Most frames cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete. A. are made from B. are made up of C. was produced by D. was consist of 13.Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designe d to avoid operation at speeds. A . low B .overload C. critical D. hollow
四川理工学院成人高等教育 《机电工程专业英语》试卷（ A 卷） 年级三年级 专业机电一体化 ZK931101 层次专科 号 题号一二三四五六七八总分评阅(统分)人 学 题分20 30 20 30 得 分 注意事项： 线 名 1.满分 100 分。要求卷面整洁、字迹工整、无错别字。 姓 订 生 2.考生必须将“学生姓名”和“学号”完整、准确、清楚地填写在试卷规定的地方，否则视为 学 装 此 废卷。 过 3.考生必须在签到表上签到，否则若出现遗漏，后果自负。 要 得分 评阅教师 级 不 一、选择题： 班 题 业 专 答 选择括号中提供的单词或短语，并以正确的形式填空。 （每空 2 分，共 20 分） ( send out, focus on, deny, prove, make sure, equip with, shock, accomplish, vary from, call ) （ 1） A week ago he received a notice stating his application was . （ 2） Effective teaching is the learning needs of each student in the class. （ 3） His mother when she heard about the accident. ) （ 4） He a number of e-mail messages to his friends. 班 （ 5） Position measurement in NC machines 属 can through direct or indirect methods. 直 ( （ 6） The actual programming commands needed will 点 also builder to builder. 学 （ 7） This method to be very successful. 教 （8） that the instructions for the use of this high pre are strictly observed. （9） The majority of NC/CNCmachine tools automatic too such as magazines on machining center and turrets on turning centers. （10） The movements are detected and counted by a feedback device a transducer. 得分 评阅教师 二、名词解释： 写出下列英文缩写的全称 ,并翻译成中文。 （每题 3 分，共 30 分） （ 1） PLC （ 2） CIM （ 3） AGV （ 4） FMS （ 5） ROM （ 6） CPU （ 7） CNC （ 8） CAD （ 9） GUI （ 10） JIT 得分 评阅教师 三、汉译英： 将下列术语翻译成英文。 （每题 2 分，共 20 分） （ 1） 在线编程 （ 2） 装配有（某设备） （ 3） 钻床 （ 4） 齿轮加工 （ 5） 穿孔纸带 （ 6） 切削中心 （ 7） 加工中心 （ 8） 光电开关 （ 9） 显示面板 （ 10） 超声波加工 得分 评阅教师 四、英译汉
Unit 4 Heat Treatment& Hot Working of Metals Ⅰ. Lead-in Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten. Carbon and other elements act as a hardening agent, preventing dislocations in the iron atom crystal lattice from sliding past one another. Varying the amount of alloying elements and the form of their presence in the steel (solute elements, precipitated phase) controls qualities such as the hardness, ductility, and tensile strength of the resulting steel. Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder and stronger than iron, but such steel is also less ductile than iron. Though steel had been produced by various inefficient methods long before the Renaissance, its use became more common after more-efficient production methods were devised in the 17th century. With the invention of the Bessemer process in the mid-19th century, steel became an inexpensive mass-produced material. Further refinements in the process, such as basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS), lowered the cost of production while increasing the quality of the metal. Today, steel is one of the most common materials in the world, with more than 1.3 billion tons produced annually. It is a major component in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, appliances, and weapons. Modern steel is generally identified by various grades defined by assorted standards organizations. II. Word Stud y 1. molecular[m?'lekj?l?] a. 由分子组成的, 分子的 1)molecular structure 分子结构 2) We think of magnetism as a molecular phenomenon. 我们认为电磁是一种分子现象。 3) The investigations were performed at molecular level. 研究是在分子的层次上进行的。 2. liable ['lai?bl] a. 有责任的，有义务的，应受罚的，有…倾向的 1) be liable to seasickness容易晕船 2) One who works under the hot sun is liable to sunstroke. 在炎热的阳光底下工作很容易引起中暑。 3) People are liable to judge others from their own first impressions. 人们容易用他们自己的最初印象来评价别人。 3. squeeze [skwi:z] v. 挤(压，干)，压榨，勒索，紧握
《财会英语》课程标准 学时/学分：56/ 课程类型：理论课程（A类） 适用专业：会计专业 课程所属系部：经贸管理系 批准日期：2013年6月 一、制定依据与课程定位 （一）制定依据 本课程标准是依据安徽机电职业技术学院会计专业人才培养方案制定。 （二）课程定位 本课程是一门共公共选修课。本课程将英语学习与财经行业职场活动相结合，在加强英语语言基础知识和基本技能训练的同时，注意培养学生在职场环境下实际使用英语进行交际的能力课程教学目标。本课程的前导课程有《会计学原理》、《财务会计》和《大学英语》，后续课程有《会计英语》。 二、课程教学目标 “财经英语”旨在加强学生的英语语言基础知识和基本技能的训练，同时使学生接触并了解一些财经方面的基本知识，培养学生在财经行业职场活动中实际使用英语进行交际的能力。具体有以下几个目标： （一）知识目标 1.掌握800个左右的财会英语基本词汇； 2.掌握基本财务、会计和审计基本知识； 3.基本掌握基本财务、会计和审计基本内容的英语表达； （二）能力目标 1．在商务场合，能与英语为母语的人士进行一般性交流； 2．能应付一般的财务、会计职位的英语面试； 3．能采用英语通过E-mail沟通；
4．能阅读一般的财会英文报导。 5. 大致能阅读有一定深度的英文文章、社论或评论文章。 （三）素质目标 1. 培养在与外籍人士交流时的相互依存、相互竞争和共同发展的意识； 2. 使学生认识到学习财务会计英语和今后工作的密切关系，让学生深知作为一名会计人，应该拓宽自己的视野，学习更多的知识，以提高自己能力进而适应未来的工作。 三、课程内容设计 （一）学时分配 序号教学单元参考 学时 教学形式与课时分配 理论 学时 实验 学时 其他 1 单元1：Money, Monetary Policy and the Function of Money 4 4 2 单元2：Foreign Exchange, Exchange Rate and Foreign Exchange Market 4 4 3 单元3：Financial Instruments 4 4 4 单元4：Commercial Banks 4 4 5 单元5：Central Banks 4 4 6 单元6：Financial Markets 5 5 7 单元7：Insurance 5 5 8 单元8：Inflation 6 6 9 单元9：Balance of Payments 5 5 10 单元10：The International Monetary System 6 6 11 单元11：Payment in International Trade 4 4 12 单元12：International Financial Organization 5 5 合计5656（二）教学单元设计 单元1：Money, Monetary Policy and the Function of Money 1．了解货币和货币政策的相关英语重点词汇。 2．掌握货币的来源和货币的种类。 3．理解货币的基本职能和货币的供给。
Unit 7 The Injection Molding and Machine I. Lead in Information related to the text Do you know what is called an injection molding machine? Can you give an example of it? What does it work? In this unit you will learn some the Injection Molding and Machine concept, how it is wide application. Now, let's learn new words and phrases. II. Word Study 1. inject [in'd?ekt]vt.注射，注入injection n.注射，投资，注射剂 1）A sterile applicator is used to inject the microchip just under the skin. 一个消过毒的涂药器被注射进微型芯片在表皮之下。 2）Major banks around the world are joining forces to inject as much as 180 billion dollars into global money markets. 全世界的主要银行都加入了抵制注入180亿美元到全球的经济市场中的行动。 3）Fire ants get their name because when they sting, they inject poison into the skin that causes a feeling of intense burning. Some people suffer life-threatening reactions. 火蚁因当他们叮住目标时会将一种能导致灼热感的有毒物质注入皮肤而得名。有些还会有生命危险的反应。 4）There would be no need for injection, since the vaccine would be taken by mouth. 通过口服疫苗，我们就不需要注射了。 2. melt [melt] vt. 使软化，使融化，使熔化，使感动 1）This element is of proper shape and cross-section to carry rated current continuously and to melt in accordance with a specific time-current characteristic on heavy overload or short circuit. 此可熔断元件恰当的形状和横截面使其可连续通过额定电流，而对于严重过负荷或短路，按规定的时间一电流特性而熔断。 2）Either it exposes land, which then warms up; or it forms ponds (or lakes or streams) of meltwater on the surface of the ice, which absorb energy and melt more ice. 融冰过程要么导致陆地暴露并且温度升高，要么在冰层表面形成池塘（或湖泊，或溪流），并吸收能量，融化更多的冰。 3）Her money seemed to melt away in Paris. 在巴黎她的钱似乎自行消失了。
机电英语》课程标准 课程编码【】课程承担单位【电气工程教学部】制定人【】制定日期【】 审核【】审核日期【】 批准【】批准日期【】 一、适用对象 （初）高中毕业或同等学历者 二、课程定位与设计 1、课程定位本课程是电气化设备安装与维修专业的必修课程。主要针对机电设备的操作与维护、机电产品的组装与调试以及机电产品的售后服务等岗位开设，主要培养学生在机电专业相关工作岗位的英语实用能力和涉外活动能力，要求学生掌握一定数量的机电专业英语常用词汇、专业术语，能够基本正确地阅读和理解机械专业英语书籍和文献，能借助词典阅读和翻译有关英语业务资料，在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活动中进行简单的口头和书面交流，并为今后进一步提高英语的交际能力打下基础。在课程设置上，前导课程有《机械制图》、《机械基础》、《机械制造工艺基础》,后续课程有《PLC 与变频应用技术》、《变电综合自动化技术》。 2、课程设计 教学过程以学生为主、教师为辅，工学结合提高学生综合职业素养。从实用、够用的角度出发，依据由简到难的原则，以机电专业未来工作岗位所需的英语知识为主线，以任务驱动为载体，设计3 个典型的教学单元；根据岗位群工作任务的要求，确定学习目标及学习任务内容；本课程采取项目教学的教学模式，以学生为主体， 以任务驱动为导向组织教学及考核 三、参考学时及学分
课程学时：42课时学分：3学分 四、课程目标 第一：本课程的总体目标是培养生产、管理、服务一线需要的德、智、体、美等全面发展的，具有一定专业理论知识，能够从事各类机电设备操作、安装、维护、检修、调试等工作的高等技术应用性专门人才。 第二：了解生产中常用的机械零部件的英文写法，了解常用机电设备及刀具系统的类型、各部位名称，掌握机电方面的首字母缩写词的含义，掌握数控编程有关语言、术语及编码，能够进行简单的英文产品说明书的识读与翻译，能够用英文书写个人简历及求职信。 五、教学内容和教学设计 1、教学内容 为了使学生了解未来工作岗位所需要的专业英语知识，了解机电设备、数控编程语言及面板识读，识读英文设备说明书，并能在面试中得心应手，我们选定了以下内容，具体单元描述见表1。 表1课程总体设计
Unit 1 原子钟 电子或电子计时装置是由原子或分子的震荡控制的。一个计时装置必须包含或者连到一些均匀震荡的的仪器上来控制指针的移动的频率或者数字改变的频率。机械钟或者手表利用震荡平衡轮，钟摆和音叉。更高的精度或许利用原子或分子震荡，因为这种震荡频率如此高，不肯能用他们做控制时钟的直接手段.。然而，这种钟被一种高速平稳输出可以自动增加而且可以与原子系统的比较的晶体振荡器控制。这种震荡器的错误会自动改正。时间通常是由数字原子时钟或者其他的复杂的读数设备显示的。 第一个原子时钟，发明与1948年，利用氨分子的振动。一对这样的时钟之间的误差，也就是说，在指定的时间如果两者统一瞬间启动然后比较,区别通常是三千年差一秒。在1955年，第一个铯束时钟（一种利用铯原子发射精密频率的微波光谱线作为参考的设备），在英国的特丁顿国家物理实验所投放操作。美国的标准是nist f-1，他是在1999年进入服务的并且在两千万年里不会快或者慢一秒。一个喷泉原子钟，NIST F-1原子钟包含由高3英尺的垂直管的内部结构.他用激光冷却铯原子，在空气中用激光摇匀形成铯原子团。特别像一个摇匀的网球。形成喷泉效果。这允许原子比以前的任何时钟都要观察的远。 许多世界国家的标准实验室保存着原子钟，用这些时钟平均产生叫TAI的标准来维持时间。高精度的时间信号是来源于这些标准实验室通过短波无线广播站或者人造卫星向全世界传播的。这种信号被用来跟踪太空飞行器，电子导航系统和地壳的瞬间的研究等事情。这些精确的时钟使利用实验证明了一个很大的预言-爱因斯坦的相对论成为可能。原子钟的原型是用氢原子或者铍原子这样的原子可以几千年仍可以很准确。比如：美国家标准与技术研究院的研究人员已经证明过渡在一个基于能源困汞离子（汞原子丢失了一个电子）的时钟潜在着比目前时钟精确度高达1000倍。 Unit 2 制动（刹车）系统 制动（刹车）踏板或者用手杆来激活（启动）刹车（制动），对于低功率的机器或者车，操作人员通常可以提供足够的力通过一个简单的机械运动把刹车踏板或者操作杆联系到刹车的部分上。然而，大多数情况下，这种力可以通过一种精心制作的系统来增加。 空气制动系统 空气制动系统是一种早期的系统用来增加制动力，也可以叫做空气制动，它是由美国乔治西屋的制造商发明的并与1868年第一次使用在乘客火车上。现在他被广泛应用在铁路火车上。它的基本原理是利用压缩运动空气使油箱的活塞安放在车轮上的闸块式制动器。动作同时作用在火车车厢的轮子上。通过连轴器连接的车厢之间通过用结实的管子传递空气。与此同时，通过工程师控制他释放在所有的单独的闸块式制动器部位。在制动管损坏，泄露或者是刹车部位损坏，它有自动提供所有闸块式刹车设置。空气制动系统也被应用在地铁，有轨电车，公共汽车和卡车。
Unit 13 Alternating current I. Lead in 1. What’s an alternating current? 2. What’s the most common wave in AC? 3. In AC circuits, is the instantaneous power equal to the average power? 4. Which portion of power flow is known as active power/reactive power? 5. What is the relationship among real, reactive and apparent power? II. Word Study 1. accomplish [?'k?mpli?, ?'k?m-] vt. 完成；实现；达到 1) accomplish one’s aim, a task 达到目的、完成任务 2) A system is a group of components that work together to accomplish an objective. 系统就是为实现一个目标而共同工作的一组部件。 3) Set priorities. Accomplish the most important tasks first, and avoid physical overexertion. 把握好轻重缓急。首先完成最重要的任务，并防止身体过度疲劳 2. analogous [?'n?l?ɡ?s] adj. 类似的，相似的；可比拟的(to，with)【计算机】模拟的；【生物学】同功的；【自动化】模拟的 1）The two processes are not analogous. 这两种过程不相似。 2）The present crisis is analogous with the situation immediately before the war. 目前的危机与大战前夕的形势类似。 3. distinct [dis'ti?kt] adj. 明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的 1）The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. 足迹清晰易辨，一定是不久前留下来的。 2）I had the distinct impression that I was being watched. 我很明显地感觉到有人在监视我。 3）The was a distinct sense of embarrassment in the air. 周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安的感觉。 4. manifest ['m?nifest] vt. 证明，表明；显示vi. 显示，出现n. 载货单，货单；旅客名单adj. 显然的，明显的；明白的 1）manifest the truth of a statement 证明某说法属实 2）manifest fear, hatred, etc 显示恐惧、憎恨等 3）She manifested little interest in her studies. 她对学习显得没有什么兴趣。