延续性动词和终止性动词的区别及用法
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：
learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sl eep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如
open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borr ow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：
for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：
I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：
(1)他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误：He has come here for five days.
正：He has been here for five days.
正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here.
正：Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start →be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到
我画完画，我才上床睡觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：
误：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?
二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.
补充练习：
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left
B. had left
C. has been away
D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined
B. have joined
C. have been in
3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made
B. have been
C. made
D. have become
5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away
B. leave
C. be left
6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished
B. has ended
C. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in
B. has come to
C. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been
B. has become
C. was
D. became
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned
B. have been back
C. returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died
B. has, died
C. has, been dead
11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept
B. was sleeping
C. has sleep
D. had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought
B. has bought
C. has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.
A. did fall
B. have, fell
C. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left
B. has moved away
C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow
B. keep
C. take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped
B. stopped
C. has been
17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearing
B. putting on
C. dressing
D. on
18.He ________ foe 2 hours.
A. got up
B. has got up
C. has been up
19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is
B. catches
C. has caught
D. has had
20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.
A. borrow
B. lend
C. get
D. keep
Key:
1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D
初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法
英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait等。短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等。
一．短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法：
现在完成时中用法（一）：
表示发生在过去，迄今已经完成，并对现在产生影响或产生结果的动作，常用ever, yet, already, just等状语，谓语动词既可是延续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.(borrow是短暂性动词)
I have learned a little about Japanese. (learn 是延续性动词)
现在完成时中用法（二）：
表示始于过去某时并一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示始于过去某一时刻并一直延续到现在的时间状语连用。
如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. (live 是延续性动词）Mr. Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延续性动词)
I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延续性动词) 所以，在现在完成时中用法（二）中，在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性
动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。
初中英语中常见的有：
例如：
1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F)
His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T) 2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F)
My brother has been in the army for five years.(T)
My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)
3. He has gone away for a week.(F) He has been away for a week.(T)
4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F)
The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)
但是，短暂性动词的现在完成时的否定形式可以表示一种延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段的状语连用。如:
（1）Mrs. Smith hasn't left her hometown for twenty years.
史密斯太太已有二十年没有离开家乡了。
(2) The little girl hasn't come to my home for a long time.
这个小孩已有好长时间没来我家了。
（3）I haven't borrowed the books from the library for two months.
我已有两个月没从这个图书馆借书了。
二．在When, while, as 引导的时间状语从句中短暂性动词与延续性动词的运用。
when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句都可表示"当……时"，但也有区别。
when可指一段时间，也可指一点时间，既可表示短暂性，一时性的动作，又可表示延续性的动作。由when引导的状语从句其谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是短暂性动词。
while只能表示延续性的动作或状态，不能表示一时性或短暂性的动作，引导的状语从句中谓语动词是延续性动词。
as所表示的动作与主句动作同时发生，具有延续的含义，一般同延续性动词连用。as 和while 可译为“一边……一边……”，“正当……的时候”。例如：
(1) She came into the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.(go on 为延续性动词词语)
正当开会的时候，他走进了房间。（指一段时间）
（2）When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.(come是短暂性动词) 她来的时候我会叫她等你的。（指一点时间，不能用while)
(3) I made many friends when (while) I lived in Beijing. (live 是延续性动词)
我住在北京时交了许多朋友。（指一段时间）
（4）While ( As) Helen was reading , Jack was writing.(read是延续性动词) 海伦阅读时，杰克在写东西。（指一段时间）
三．（not）...till / until句式中短暂性动词与延续性动词的运用。
till 和until 这两个词的意思都是"直到……"，引导一个表示一端时间的状语，其后的介词宾语或从句表明这段时间的终点，用法相近，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词；正在否定句中，until或till 可以和非延续性动词连用，这时, until和before 同义，not...until 和not...before 意思相同，表示"直到......才","在.......以前不"。例如：
（1）My father kept working in the office till (until) twelve o'clock last night.
我父亲昨晚在办公室一直工作到十二点。
(2) I waited there till (until) noon yesterday.
我昨天在那儿一直等到中午。
(3) She stood there till (until) he had passed out of sight. (stand为延续性动词)
她站在那里看着，直到望不见他的身影。
(4) He didn't go into the room until I returned.(go into 为短暂性动词)
直到我回来他才进入房间。
(5) Until (不用till)he had finished their homework, they didn't go home.
他们直到工作完成了才回家。(go home 是短暂性动词）
（6）We can not leave school until (till) Saturday.(leave 是短暂性动词）我们到周六才可离校。
（7）I didn't finish reading that story till (until) yesterday.
我直到昨天才看完那个故事。（finish是短暂性动词）
另外，有些动词。既可用作延续性动词，也可用作非延续性动词，因此，其肯定式和否定式均与until或till 连用，但表示的意义往往不同。
例如：He ate until it was dark.他吃饭一直吃到天黑。（eat为延续性动词) He didn't eat until it was dark. 他直到天黑才吃饭。（eat为短暂性动词）四．在可以用How long 提问表示一段时间的句子中，谓语动作通常使用延续性动词。如：
（1）----How ling will the meeting last? The meeting will last two hours.
(2) -----How long can I keep the book? You can keep the book for two weeks.
(3) -----How long has she studied English? She has studied English for
three years.
(4) -----How long did his mother keep on working yesterday?
-----His mother kept on working for six hours yesterday?
可以看出，这些句子中的谓语动词last, keep, study 都是延续性动词
瞬间动词转换成持续性动词 瞬间动词用于完成时态不能与一段时间状语连用，须转换成持续性动词。 1.用相应的延续性动词替换的有： buy---have borrow---keep put on----wear catch/get a cold---have a cold come/go/become---be 等。 eg. 1.We have had the TV set for 3years. 2.I have kept the book for 2 weeks. 2.转换成be+名词的有： join the army----be a soldier join the Party----be a Party member go to school----be a student 等。 eg. 1.He has been a soldier for 5 years. 2She has been a student for 2 months. 3.转换成be+adj/adv. die—be dead finish—be over begin---be on leave---be away move----be out of
put on---be on open---be open close---be closed fall asleep------be asleep 等。 eg. He has been dead for 5 years. 4. 转换成be+介词短语 go to school----be in school join the army---be in the army 等。 eg. 1.She has been in the army for 2 years. 2.He has been in school for 9 years. 5.通过去掉短语中的结束性动词 get to know---know begin to study---study come to work----work eg. 1.We have known each other for 10 years. 2.He has study Chinese for 2 years. *瞬间动词完成时的否定式已成为一种可延性状态，因此可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。 eg. 1.I haven’t heard from her for 6 months. 2.I haven’t bought anything for 2 months.
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，put on→wear；catch a cold →have a cold 等。例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the
现在完成时之瞬间动词转变为持续性动词 （1）专题讲解： 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. Eg: buy ( bought ) --- have / has had 买 borrow (borrowed) --- have / has kept 借 die ( died ) --- have / has been dead 死 leave ( left ) --- have / has been away ( from ) 离开 begin ( began ) --- have / has been on 开始 join ( joined) --- have / has been in 参加 --- have / has been a ( party) member go (went) --- have / has been there / in 去 come/arrive/reach/get to --- have / has been here / in 来/到达 end (ended) ----- have/has been over 结束 eg. The film began five minutes ago. ------The film has been on for five minutes. ------It has been five minutes since the film began. 用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋open代open 7、be closed代close/shut 用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一．延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:stuｄy, ｌearn，work, ｓｔanｄ,ｌie,ｋｎｏw, ｗalk, keep, ｈave,waiｔ, ｗａtch, sing，ｒeaｄ, sleep，li ｖe,ｓtaｙ等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。延续性动词的用法很广，常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与for，ｈoｗ，lｏng，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.foｒ+一段时间, eｇ: fｏｒ2 yeａｒs; fｏr a lonｇｔiｍｅ等 ２.since从句，siｎｃｅhe came ｈeｒe; ３.sincｅ＋时间点名词+agｏ, eｇ：since ｌast yeaｒ, ｓinｃe 5dａyｓago; 4.ｈoｗloｎg; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如：oｐeｎ,diｅ,clｏsｅ, beｇin，ｆinish,ｃoｍe, go, ｍove, boｒroｗ, lend, ｂｕy, move, happen,mａrry,ａrrive/rｅa ｃｈ, ｐost，fａlｌ, breaｋ, ｌｏsｅ,ｇｉve, jｏin, rｅｃeｉve,hear，he
间的的状语连用。 这类动词不是不能用于完成时态。只是不能用于由ｈow loｎg提问的句子和含有ｆoｒ＋一段时间的完成时态中。 常见的这类动词有：ｇo, cｏme，leave,aｒrive,lｏsｅ, lａnd, ｃatch，j ｏin, kilｌ，fiｎd等。 例如：1. Hｅhａｓjoinｅd tｈe ｃluｂforａlong time．( 错) 2.Hｅｈaｓbeenａmｅmbeｒof thｅclub ｆoｒa ｌong tiｍｅ.(对) 3．His gｒａｎdｆａther ｈａs died for ovｅr30 yeａrｓ. ( 错) 4. Hｉsｇｒａnｄfather hａs been dead for over 30 ｙearｓ. (对) 【注意】 之所以将这些动词称为瞬间动词,是因为这些动词在眨眼之间发生并终结。故不能与表达“段”的长时间状语连用，不论是在进行时还是现在完成时中。 下面的例句是正确的： 1. He iｓdｙinｇ.
一．延续性动词和非延续性动词： ㈠延续性动词：表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态。 drink喝have有talk说know 知道stand站立sleep睡觉sing唱歌wait等wear穿walk走work工作rain下雨keep保持snow 下雪eat 吃read读play玩live 居住smoke 抽烟lie躺着stay保持㈡终止性动词：（非延续性动词），表示行为或者动作是短暂瞬间完成的。come来fall倒borrow借admit承认break打破start开始join加入buy买jump跳lose丢open打开close关stop结束begin开始go走put放die死hit击中leave离开arrive到达marry结婚㈢两者的用法和区别： 1.延续性动词可以用表示一段时间的状语修饰，非延续动词不可用。 How long can I keep the book. 这本书我可以借多久？ They will work here till next Friday. 她们要在这里工作到下周五。 2.有时，非延续性动词也可以与表示一段时间的时间状语搭配，但这种表示一段时间的状语,实质上是表示一段时间内的某个时间“点”。 The play will start in half an hour. 这出戏半个小时后开始。 The fire broke out during the night. 火是夜间发生的。 3.非延续性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句中。 While I came home, he was cooking dinner. (错) When I came home, he was cooking dinner. (对) 4.用延续性动词表示一时的动作，可以在该动词前加get/begin/come. When did you get to know him? 你什么时候认识他的？ They begin to see that they had made a serious mistake. 她们开始认识到自己犯了一个大错。 5.非延续性动词的否定式表示动作的否定，此时可与表示一段时间的状语搭配。We did not find our seats till the play had begin. 我们直到戏开始时才找到位子。 We have not come here for ages. 我们多年没来这里了、 The rain has not stopped since three hours ago. 这雨已经下了三个小时了。 二：一般过去时和过去进行时的区分： ㈠一般过去时： ①概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或者状态；过去经常，反复发生的动作。 ②时间状语：一段时间+ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time, the other day(前几天），at that time(当时)，etc. ③基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他
现在完成式中瞬间性动词如何变为延续性动词。 在完成式中，一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作如buy, borrow,die,leave,begin,join等）不能与 表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long等）连用，此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. 女口：He borrowed a book two days ago.（用现在完成式表达） He has kept the book for two days. 他持有这本书两年了。 1、 _______________________________________________________________ 他三年前买了一辆车。 2、 _______________________________________________________________ 他两年前参了军。 答案：1、He has had a car for three years或He has bought a car.或He bought a car three years ago. 2、He has been in the army for two years或He has joined the army. He joined the army two years ago. 切记：有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词： His father has died. His father has been dead for three years. 他父亲已经去世三年了。 She has joined the Party/League. She has been in the Party/ League for two months.=She has been a Party/ League member for two mon ths.
延续性动词与非延续性动词练习题 1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 10. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
瞬间动词与延续性动词 “瞬间动词”又叫终止性动词、点动词，表示动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续。因此在现在完成时的句子中，瞬间动词不能直接与for/since 连用，需要转换成“延续性动词”。常用的请见5BP17表格。 Exercises 一、改错：横线划出错误的部分，并在后面的横线上改正。 1. How long have you begun to study English? ________________________ 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. ________________________ 3. The river has become very dirty since last August.___________________ 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. ___________________________ 5. He has gone out for two years. ________________________ 二、选择 （）1. Her grandfather ______ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died （）2. It's six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. for （）3. Have you met Mr. Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago （）4. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
终止性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,点动词或短暂性动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用, 即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中. 终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: ⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. ⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词 The film started two hours ago．→The film has been on for two hours． 常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 Ⅰ. be 型 1. go there -- be there https://www.doczj.com/doc/301057966.html,e here—be here https://www.doczj.com/doc/301057966.html,e back—be back 4.die—be dead 5.leave—be away(from) 6.open—be open 7.close—be closed 8.go/get out—be out 9.finish/end-- be over 10.become—be 11.get up—be up 12.begin/start(上演)—be on 13. fall asleep-- be asleep 14.fall ill – be ill 15. move here/there --be here/there 16. get to… --be at/in 17.arrive at / in… -- be at / in 18.reach…-- be at/in 19.get married --be married 20.join—be in/be a member of join the Party-- be in the Party / be a Party member/ be a member of the Party Ⅱ. 实义动词型 1.borrow-- keep 2. buy——have 3.Begin to teach—teach 4. get to know—know 5.Put on—wear 6. receive--have 7.catch a cold—have a cold 8.hear from—have a letter from ［注意点］ 1．上述例词除borrow／buy／catch需转换为keep ／have外，其余均为“be＋adj．／adv．／n．”结构。2．非延续性动词并非不可用于现在完成时态中，只是不能和表示“一段”时间的短语连用，但可与just，yet，already ，ever，never等连用。例如： They have already come． He has just gone out．
最佳答案 since+时间点 for+时间段 eg:He has kept the book for two weeks. He borrowed the book since two weeks ago. 注意动词的时态，for后面是一段时间，动词用完成式，而since后面是一个时间点，动词用过去式。两周前的一天，与for two weeks 的两个星期这样14天相比是一个点。 一、延续性动词 延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续，而且可以产生持久的影响。常见的这类动词有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延续性动词的用法很广，但常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how，long，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。例如： 1．I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China． 自从来到中国，我已经学会了l，000多个汉字。 2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自从来到这儿，我们就一直住在临清。
3．I have kept the picture for about three years．这张画我保存了大约三年。 二、终止性动词 终止性动词又称为瞬间动词或非延续性动词，它表示的动作不能延续，也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束，并产生某种结果。常见的这类动词有：accept，arrive，become，begin，borrow，break，buy，catch，close，come，die，end，fall，finish，get，give，go，join，leave，put，reach，receive，shut，start，stop等。终止性动词用在现在完成时要注意下面三点： （一）终止性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。例如：1．They have reached Shanghai．他们已经到达了上海。2．Has he gone to London? 他已经到伦敦去了吗? （二）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以，在现在完成时中一般不能和以since，for等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： 1．那老人已经死了一周了。The old man has died for a week．(误) 2．他三天前就已经来这儿了。He has come here since three days ago．(误) 在以上两句中，die和come都是终止性动词，可用于现在完成时，但不能与以
延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用如:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.那就要将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。 leave—been away from buy—have borrow—keep die—be dead get up—be up put on—be on / wear come / get back—be back go to town—be in town lose—be missing catch a cold—have a cold close—be closed / not open open —be open fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep begin /start—be on return--be back marry---be married finish--be over become--be come / go to —be in / at arrive in （at）/ get to / reach——be in / at join + 名词-------be in + 组织/ be a（an）+组织成员get /receive a letter from—have a letter from
一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如： I have visited the factory. I visited the factory last year. 二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have. －When did you have it? －At seven thirty. 注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如： How many words have you learned by heart? How did you learn them by heart? 三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如： He has been a league member for two months. He joined the Youth League two months ago.
when和while引导的时间状语从句与这一时态连用。所以区别when和while的用法成了这一单元的难点。（一）、when，while都有“当……时候”的意思。when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间。在when引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。例如： 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。 2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？ 3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。（二）、while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例如：1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。 2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。（三）、另外，when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。例如： 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。 2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候 一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如： -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表 1.have arrived in/at sp.got to/reached https://www.doczj.com/doc/301057966.html,e/gone/moved sp= have been in sp 2.have gone/come back.returned=have been back 3.have come/gone out=have been out 4.have become=have been 5.have closed/opened=have been closed/open 6.have got up=have been up 7.have died=have been dead 8.have left sp=have been away from sp 9.have fallen asleep/gone to sleep=have been asleep 10.have finished/ended/completed=have been over 11.have married=have been married 12.have started/begun to do sth=have done sth 13.have begun =have been on
14.have borrowed/bought=have kept 15.have lost=haven’t had 16.have put on =have worn 17.have caught/got a cold=have had a cold 18.have got to know=have known 19.have gone to =have been in 20.have joined/taken part in the league=have been a member of/have been in the league
(完整版)瞬间性动词 与延续性动词(新) -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.for+一段时间, eg: for 2 years; for a long time等 2.since从句,since he came here; 3.since+时间点+ago,eg：since last year, since 5 days ago; 4. how long; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
例：（1）他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式. (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达 方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的 状语连用。 如:1.He hasn't left here since 1986. 2.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
延续性动词和终止性动词的区别及用法 一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sl eep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borr ow,buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有： for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如： I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
瞬间性动词变延续性动词 瞬间动词：形容一瞬间完成的动作：如，到达（arrive），开始（begin）等 短暂性动词：形容短时间完成的动作：如，吃（eat），等 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep,live, stay等。 瞬间动词，也叫终止性、结束性动词。表示动作的结果，或表示短暂性、一次性的动作。如：close, leave, buy, join, become, begin, fall(掉下)，fall ill(病倒)，get to(know), come, go, see, hear, hear from, catch a cold等。这类动词可以用于完成时，但在一般情况下，不能加上表示一段时间的状语或疑问词。但是在否定句中，瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语、连词连用，它的含义是好长时间没进行这个动作了，没进行此动作的状态就可以延续。 a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to