餐厅点餐用语
点菜就餐的次序：找桌子看菜单点菜付钱离开
Ｈａｖｅｙｏｕｇｏｔａｔａｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｗｏ ｐｌｅａｓｅ﹖请问您有两个人的桌子吗？
Ｄｏｙｏｕｈａｖｅａｔａｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｗｏ ｐｌｅａｓｅ﹖请问您有两个人的桌子吗？
Ｈａｖｅｙｏｕｂｏｏｋｅｄａｔａｂｌｅ﹖您预定餐桌了吗？
Ｈａｖｅｙｏｕｍａｄｅａｒｅｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ﹖您预定了吗？
Ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇｏｒｎｏｎ－ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ﹖吸烟区还是非吸烟区？
Ｗｏｕｌｄｙｏｕｌｉｋｅｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇｔｏｄｒｉｎｋ﹖您想喝什么？
Ｗｏｕｌｄｙｏｕｌｉｋｅｔｏｓｅｅｔｈｅｍｅｎｕ﹖您需要看菜单吗？
ＬａｎｇｕａｇｅＮｏｔｅｓ三言两语
点菜就餐的典型次序是：找一张桌子坐下－看菜单－点菜－付钱－离开。英语语言的表达基本上也是依照次顺序。“订餐”在英文中有两种说法，即ｔｏｂｏｏｋａｔａｂｌｅ和ｍａｋｅａｒｅｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ．在英国以及在其它很多国家，餐厅一般划分为吸烟区和非吸烟区。一进餐厅，服务员会主动征询客人的意见，然后引领客人前往所选择的区域就餐。
打搅一下，我能看看菜单吗？
ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓ表达
Ｅｘｃｕｓｅｍｅ ＣｏｕｌｄＩｓｅｅｔｈｅｍｅｎｕ ｐｌｅａｓｅ？打搅一下，我能看看菜单吗？
Ａｒｅｙｏｕｒｅａｄｙｔｏｏｒｄｅｒ？您现在可以点餐吗？
ｆｉｒｓｔｃｏｕｒｓｅ／ｓｔａｒｔｅｒｓ第一道菜／开胃菜
ｍａｉｎｃｏｕｒｓｅ主菜ｄｅｓｓｅｒｔ甜食
ＣｏｕｌｄＩｈａｖｅｔｈｅｂｉｌｌ ｐｌｅａｓｅ？请拿账单来，好吗？
Ｈｏｗｗｏｕｌｄｙｏｕｌｉｋｅｔｏｐａｙ？请问您怎样付款？
Ｔｈｅｂｉｌｉｎｇｕａｌｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ ＬａｎｇｕａｇｅＮｏｔｅｓ三言两语
在西餐厅就餐，菜单一般由三类不同的菜别组成。ｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｃｏｕｒｓｅ或者ｓｔａｒｔｅｒ是指第一道菜，往往是汤、一小碟色拉或其它小吃。第二道菜是主菜，ｆｉｓｈａｎｄｃｈｉｐｓ是鱼和炸土豆条，它同“ｒｏａｓｔｂｅｅｆａｎｄＹｏｒｋｓｈｉｒｅｐｕｄｄｉｎｇ——牛肉布丁”、“ｓｈｅｐｈｅｒｄ＇ｓｐｉｅ——牧羊人的馅饼”一样，都是典型的英国传统菜肴。最后一道是甜食——或冷或热，但都是甜的。西方饮食习惯是先吃咸的，后吃甜的。西餐菜单名目繁多，有时不易读懂。遇到这种情况，可以请服务员解释一下。
餐厅里的对话
Conversation In A Restaurant
Ｈｕｇｈｉｓｏｒｄｅｒｉｎｇａｍｅａｌｉｎａｒｅｓｔａｕｒａｎｔ．
ａｆｅｗｍｏｍｅｎｔｓｌａｔｅｒ
Ｅｍｍａ：Ｏｎｅｓｐａｒｋｌｉｎｇｗａｔｅｒ．
Ｈｕｇｈ：Ｔｈａｎｋｓｖｅｒｙｍｕｃｈ．
Ｅｍｍａ：Ａｒｅｙｏｕｒｅａｄｙｔｏｏｒｄｅｒ？
Ｈｕｇｈ：Ｙｅａｈ ＩｔｈｉｎｋＩａｍａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ．ＣｏｕｌｄＩｊｕｓｔｈａｖｅｔｈｅｓｏｕｐｔｏｓｔａｒｔ ｐｌｅａｓｅ－ｓｏｕｐｏｆｔｈｅｄａｙ？
Ｅｍｍａ：Ｔｈａｔ＇ｓｍｉｎｅｓｔｒｏｎｅ－ｉｓｔｈａｔａｌｌｒｉｇｈｔ ｓｉｒ？
Ｈｕｇｈ：Ｙｅａｈ．Ｔｈａｔ＇ｓｆｉｎｅ．Ａｎｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｍａｉｎｃｏｕｒｓｅ ｃｏｕｌｄＩｈａｖｅｔｈｅｃｈｉｃｋｅｎ ｐｌｅａｓｅ？
Ｅｍｍａ：… ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎ…
Ｈｕｇｈ：… ａｎｄｊｕｓｔｓｏｍｅｖｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅｓａｎｄｓｏｍｅｂｏｉｌｅｄｐｏｔａｔｏｅｓ ｐｌｅａｓｅ？
Ｅｍｍａ：… ｂｏｉｌｅｄｐｏｔａｔｏｅｓ．ＯＫ．
Ｈｕｇｈ：Ｔｈａｎｋｓｖｅｒｙｍｕｃｈ．
Ｅｍｍａ：ＯＫ．
餐厅里的对话
休正在餐厅点餐（过了一会儿）
埃玛：一份带汽的矿泉水。
休：谢谢！
埃玛：您现在可以点菜吗？
休：是的，可以。请先给我来一份例汤，好吗——今日的例汤是什么？
埃玛：是意大利蔬菜汤，可以吗？
休：可以。好的…… 至于主菜，请给我一份鸡肉，好吗？
埃玛：……鸡肉……
休：再来一点蔬菜和煮土豆。
埃玛：……煮土豆。好的。
休：谢谢！
埃玛：好的。
中国小吃英文表达
中式早點
烧饼Clay oven rolls
油条Fried bread stick
韭菜盒Fried leek dumplings
水饺Boiled dumplings
蒸饺Steamed dumplings
馒头Steamed buns
割包Steamed sandwich
饭团Rice and vegetable roll
蛋饼Egg cakes
皮蛋100-year egg
咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg
豆浆Soybean milk
饭类
稀饭Rice porridge
白饭Plain white rice
油饭Glutinous oil rice
糯米饭Glutinous rice
卤肉饭Braised pork rice
蛋炒饭Fried rice with egg
地瓜粥Sweet potato congee
面类
馄饨面Wonton & noodles
刀削面Sliced noodles
麻辣面Spicy hot noodles
麻酱面Sesame paste noodles
鴨肉面Duck with noodles
鱔魚面Eel noodles
乌龙面Seafood noodles
榨菜肉丝面Pork , pickled mustard green noodles 牡蛎细面Oyster thin noodles
板条Flat noodles
米粉Rice noodles
炒米粉Fried rice noodles
冬粉Green bean noodle
汤类
鱼丸汤Fish ball soup
貢丸汤Meat ball soup
蛋花汤Egg & vegetable soup
蛤蜊汤Clams soup
牡蛎汤Oyster soup
紫菜汤Seaweed soup
酸辣汤Sweet & sour soup
馄饨汤Wonton soup
猪肠汤Pork intestine soup
肉羹汤Pork thick soup
鱿鱼汤Squid soup
花枝羹Squid thick soup
甜点
爱玉Vegetarian gelatin
糖葫芦Tomatoes on sticks
长寿桃Longevity Peaches
芝麻球Glutinous rice sesame balls
麻花Hemp flowers
双胞胎Horse hooves
冰类
绵绵冰Mein mein ice
麦角冰Oatmeal ice
地瓜冰Sweet potato ice
紅豆牛奶冰Red bean with milk ice 八宝冰Eight treasures ice
豆花Tofu pudding
果汁
甘蔗汁Sugar cane juice
酸梅汁Plum juice
杨桃汁Star fruit juice
青草茶Herb juice
点心
牡蛎煎Oyster omelet
臭豆腐Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) 油豆腐Oily bean curd
麻辣豆腐Spicy hot bean curd
虾片Prawn cracker
虾球Shrimp balls
春卷Spring rolls
蛋卷Chicken rolls
碗糕Salty rice pudding
筒仔米糕Rice tube pudding
红豆糕Red bean cake
绿豆糕Bean paste cake
糯米糕Glutinous rice cakes
萝卜糕Fried white radish patty 芋头糕Taro cake
肉圆Taiwanese Meatballs
水晶饺Pyramid dumplings
肉丸Rice-meat dumplings
豆干Dried tofu其他
当归鸭Angelica duck
槟榔Betel nut
火锅Hot pot
高考英语翻译技巧与能力训练 高考英语中的翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。 高考评分标准: 1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。 如何才能提高中译英水准，在高考中获得理想的分数呢？考生除了必须具备比较扎实的语言基础外，关键还在于学会总结规律，找准中译英的切入点。 一、分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型 中文必须仔细读，一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字或关键的词组，也就是我们常说的key words。尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。一般来说，中译英的句型可分为三大类：1.简单句；2.并列句；3.复合句；同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。回顾近几年的高考试题时，也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。如：It句型(近几年考得较为频繁)、倒装句、with结构。 例1: 昨天我的电脑坏了。(wrong) 解析：本题考查：1)简单句There be结构；2)wrong的用法；3)中英文表达的差异。 译句：There was something wrong with my computer yesterday. 例2: 遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是互相帮助。(not…but) 解析：本题考查：1)复合句：when引导的状语从句；what引导的主语从句；2)not…but结构；3)“彼此埋怨”的英文翻译。 译句：When(we are)in difficulty/When we meet with difficulties/When we have difficulties ,what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other. 例3：我们能做什么来阻止这种疾病蔓延呢？（prevent） 分析：如果有学生没有读全中文原句的话，就很有可能看成是以前所做的“我们要做些什么来阻止这种疾病的蔓延”，而译为We should do something to prevent the spread of this disease.因为这个原因而造成扣分，就太不应该了。 译句：What can we do to prevent the spread of this disease? 例4：他很有可能通过自己的努力得到驾驶执照。（likely） 译句：He is likely to get the driving license with his own efforts. 分析：有些学生一看到有可能，就会想到自己比较熟悉的possible，想当然地翻译成It is possible that…的结构。其实，学生对likely这个key word的使用也是会的，完全能够使用be likely to do或It’s likely th at…的结构。 例5：上海近几年经历了许多变化，如今已成为世界闻名的经济中心。（go through） 分析：乍一看，学生很容易轻易下笔，Shanghai has gone through…,it has become…，这已成为很多学生的一个习惯，句子和句子中随便用逗号隔开，英语不像中文，必须要考虑到句子的结构，逗号也不能随意使用。而此句中，就要想到用并列句中的连接词and来连接两个成分。
Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.
Unit1 1.那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进的技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。 Thanks to advanced technology, the film about the ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves. 2. 在那场大火中，整个古城毁于一旦，但是这块石碑却幸运地保存了下来。（devastate）That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived. 3.他们看了那段录像，听了那位妇女的讲述，心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情。 The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake. 4．那场大地震中，我们听到过太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生，献出了自己的生命。（leave behind） In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives. 5.豫园的建造始于1558年，但由于资金短缺时建时停，1578年才完成。 The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money. 6. 1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕士回来。（meet up with） In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned from abroad with a master’s degree. 7.这是我第一次来纽约，但我还是设法找到了那家小公司。 It was my first visit to New York, but I managed to find my way to the little firm. 8.在电影界要达到顶峰时非常困难的，但是作为一名导演谢晋做到了。 It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry, but as a director Xie Jin did it. Unit2 1. 如今很多爱慕虚荣的年轻人，尽管还不富裕，但却迷上了漂亮的小汽车。（vain, be obsessed with） Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them. 2．当他的婚外恋被妻子发现后，他们的婚姻终于破裂了。（affair, fall apart） Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife. 3.那位艺术家为了获得创作的灵感，在农村住了三年，放弃了生活上的许多享受。(inspiration, deny oneself something) For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself many comforts of life. 4．我不知道明天去崇明岛的远足活动能不能成行，因为这要取决于会不会下雨。(excursion, at the mercy of) I’m not sure if we can have the excursion to Chongming Island tomorrow. It is
英语翻译重点词汇词组 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场
foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇（２） major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物
论文：浅析英语翻译能力提升的障碍和策略摘要：翻译能力是英语综合能力的重要组成部分，也是英语专业学生必需具备的基本能力。要全面提升英语翻译能力，需要了解英汉两种文化的差异性，具备深厚的语言功底，掌握熟练的翻译技巧。 关键字：英语翻译能力；提升；障碍；策略 中西文化差异是影响英语翻译能力提升的重要因素，除了文化因素外，英语翻译能力的提升还受到其他因素的影响，本文将进一步的展开叙述影响英语翻译能力提升的障碍及其相应的策略。 一、影响英语翻译能力提升的障碍 1．中西文化的差异性容易造成英语翻译误会 英语翻译就是汉语和英语相互转换的过程，这个过程不仅仅是一种语言现象，也体现了跨文化现象。具体来说，中西方的文化差异体现在文化传统、生活习惯、价值观念和思维方式等方面，而这些层面的差异性往往会造成人们对同一事物有着不同的理解和解释，因此不同文化的差异性容易造成英语翻译的误会。比如，生活中最常见的信封的写法，在中国，习惯的书写顺序是国名，省、市、县、街道，最后才是收信人姓名。而在西方国家信封的书写顺序恰好相反。因此在学习英语知识的同时，需要更加注意对英语文化知识的了解和掌握。
2．语言基础知识掌握不扎实，影响了翻译的准确性 英语翻译就是英汉两种语言之间的相互转换，在转换的过程中主要涉及两个方面，首先翻译者要正确地领悟原文的意思，其次要通过译文将原文确切的表达出来，达到“信达雅”的标准。因此翻译者需要牢固地掌握英汉两种语言。但是由于多方面的因素，翻译者的语言基础知识掌握不扎实，很多翻译者的词汇量太少，经常背了忘，而又不重视巩固复习，或者死记硬背不会灵活运用，此外，语法掌握也不扎实，对一些基本的句型模棱两可，不能正确理解更不会运用。 二、提升英语翻译能力的具体策略 1．通过词汇、语法和阅读，了解中西文化之间的差异性 在英语的学习中，提高英语翻译能力，不仅要加强英语语言知识的学习，还要注重对英语文化知识的了解。具体来说，可以通过词汇、语法以及阅读等的学习获取英语文化知识。 首先，通过词汇的学习了解中西文化知识。词汇是英语语言的基本元素，掌握词汇的过程中，仅仅注重词汇正确的拼写和准确的发音是远远不够的，更主要的是学会如何恰当的运用词汇和组织词汇。因此，在背诵英语词汇意思的基础之上还需要进一步了解词汇产生的文化背景知识，尤其是了解习语、谚语和成语这一类词语的文化内涵、感情色彩以及
1.Our big old house was closely related with the joys and sorrows of four generations. 2.I planted these roses a long, long time ago before your mother was born. 3.Many sons left home to fight against the Fascist Nazi. 4.Take the first friendly greeting and always keep it deep in your heart. 1.He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview. 2.His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.The two of them are walking hand in hand along the river bank, chatting, laughing, and looking happy. 4.When he heart the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.Although we have parted from eah other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past. 10.At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.A gracious manner adds the greatest splendour to your image. 2.I firmly believed the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write. 3.The simple phrase “Excuse me.” made most of your irritation disappear. 4.Being on time is a virtue which belongs not only to the past but also to the present. 5.Y ou shouldn’t accept the other person’s presence without thinking of its importance. 6.Good manners produce the same feelings or actions in others. 1.I am sorry I am late; I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away. 2.At the concert whnever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation. 3.As a stylish dresser, she is always wearing stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks. 4.The nurse tells me that the doctors have done wonders for your heart disease. 5.When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind. 6.This problem has bothered the experts for many years. 7.The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived. 8.Since punctuality is a good habit, we should pay much attention to it and make great efforts to cultivate this good habit. 9.The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were his own daughter. 10.It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.
综合英语教程第三版4 邹为诚主编 第二单元p37 1.玛丽看到一个贼眉鼠眼的男人走进邻居家里。shifty Mary saw a shifty-eyed man walking into a neighbor’s house. 2.鲍勃总是嘲笑我对服饰的眼光。sneer at Bob always sneers at my taste in clothes. 3.打探别人的秘密是不礼貌的。pry It is impolite to pry into other’s secrets. 4.我想克里斯想要抢我的饭碗。be after sth I think Chris is after my job. 5.她看到克里斯给他使的眼色，说话的声音便越来越小了。trail off She trailed off, silenced by the look Chris gave her. 6.那些树枝干而易断。brittle The branches were dry and brittle. 7.收音机老是发出噼里啪啦的声响，我们几乎听不清里面说些什么。crackle The radio cracked so much that we could hardly hear what was said. 8.地面向海倾斜。slope The land slopes down to the sea. 9.他的口袋里鼓鼓囊囊的塞满了钞票。bulge His pockets were bulging with money. 10.我不得不和出租车司机就车费讨价还价。haggle I had to haggle with the taxi driver over the fare. 第三单元p58 1. 这样的好机会千载难逢。once in a blue moon An opportunity as good as this arises/occurs only once in a blue mo on. 2. 这个孩子因为私自拿了母亲包里的钱而觉得十分愧疚。guilty of The boy felt guilty for taking money from his mother’s handbag with out permission. 3. 她知道他的话一句真的也没有。give credence to She did not give credence to a single word of his story. 4. 一般来说，老师对学生的错误都比较宽容。be tolerant of Generally speaking, teachers are tolerant of their students’ mistakes. 5. 我想当然地以为你会跟我们一起来，于是就给你买了票。take… for granted I took it for granted that you’d want to come with us, so I boug ht you a ticket. 6. 由于经理的不断劝导，工作人员很快就改掉了迟到的坏习惯。break the habit Thanks to the manager’s repeated counseling, the staff soon broke th e bad habit o f comin g late to work. 7. 他现在对她发火，但不久会原谅她的。这只是几小时的事，仅此而已。a matter of, that’s all He’s furious with her now, but he’ll forgive her soon. It’s just/ only a matter of a few hours, that’s all. 第四单元p78
浅议英语翻译能力的培养 高等学校很注重培养英语专业学生的翻译能力。要具备一定的翻译能力，学生必须具有深厚的语言功底?p广博的文化知识?p熟练的翻译技巧?p正确的翻译观念和严谨的翻译态度。因此，要培养和提高英语专业学生的翻译能力，教师应该从以下几个方面入手。 一?p掌握好汉语和英语的基础知识 翻译是一个语言转换的过程。从根本上讲，这个过程要解决两个问题：一是如何深刻地理解原文；二是如何用译文确切地表达原文的意思。因此，译者要较好地掌握英语和汉语两种语言，具备较强的语言理解能力和表达能力，这是做好翻译的前提条件。 从语言学角度讲，英语和汉语之间最大的区别莫过于形合和意合的区别。英语是重形合的语言，即英语中词语或句子间的连接主要依靠连接词来完成。汉语是重意合的语言，即汉语中词语或句子间的连接主要依靠语义或句子之间的逻辑关系来完成。例如“他今天没来，母亲住院了”（Hedidnotcometodaybecausehis mother was hospitalized），在这个例子中，汉语原文在表达因果关系时，没有使用任何表示因果关系的词汇，但是读者一看就能理解。然而，在翻译成英语的时候，必须加上连接词because，否则就会出现语法错误。二?p积累广博的文化知识 翻译材料涉及面极广，学生要具备渊博的知识。具体来说，文学性的翻译需要学生具备广博的文化知识，科技翻译需要学生具备相关的专业知识。另外，学生还要掌握大量的习语和俚语，这样在翻译时才不会被句子的字面意义所迷惑。如“I decidedto sit at his feet”这句话的字面意思是“我决定坐在他的脚上”，但实际上，“sit at his feet”是一个习语，表示“拜他为师”。 三?p培养严谨的翻译态度 英语和汉语的句子结构复杂，词汇意义也复杂多变，在翻译中出现错误是难以避免的，但是教师应该让学生尽量避免错误，避免粗枝大叶，望文生义。此外，学生在翻译时还应多关注细节，如单词的拼写?p标点符号?p小词等。例如，“中国政府”应该翻译成Chinese government还是the Chinese government这
1.小镇上冒出了很多新工厂 Many new factories have sprung up in the town. 2.问题的关键是缺乏经费 The heart of the problem is a shortage of funs. 3.我希望一切会变得顺利 I hope everything will turn out to be all right. 4.我们怎样才能找到一个真正合适的人来做这项工作呢？ How can we seek out a really good person for the job. 5.书店已决定扩大业务范围，出售各种唱片和影碟。 The book shop has decided to branched out into selling all kinds of music CDs and movie discs. 1.他对蛇的惧怕来源自他还童时的一次意外事故 His fear of snakes can be traced back to an accident in his childood. 2.遇到生词时，你可以求助于字典。 When you meet new words, you can turn to the dictionary for help. 3.老师鼓励大家参与讨论 The teacher encouraged everyone to contribute to the discussion. 4.孩子们常常把火鸡和感恩节联系在一起 Children often associute turkey with Thanksgiving. 5.缺乏运动让人健康不佳 A lack of exerise results in poor health. 1.我认为贵公司能从该计划中获益 I think your company will benefit from this plan. 2.我父亲建议你约你老板出来吃顿 My father suggests you ask you boss out to dinner. 3.靶标拆开容易，装起来难 It's easy to take a watch apart but difficult to put it together again. 4.公司只有两个人可以查阅这些文件 Olny two people in the company have access to these documents. 5.这种风格的衣服不再流行 Dresses of this style are no longer in fashion. 1.上下班高峰期间，我们常常被交通拥堵所困。 We are often stuck with traffic jams during rush hours 2.我们必须跨越模仿的阶段开发自主品牌 We must go beyond imitation and promote our own brands. 3.在上班的路上，车子突然出了毛病 On the way to the office,the car broke down all of a sudden. 4.不管发生什么情况我们的计划不变 No matter what happens, we will not change our plan. 5.窗帘上的泥干了及把它刷掉 Brush off the mud on the curtains when it dries.
一单元One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills? 美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说，我们比中国人更重视创新和自立。我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来。中国老师担心，如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺，就有可能一辈子掌握不了；另一方面，他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展。美国教育工作者则担心，除非从一开始就发展创造力，不然创造力就有可能永不再现；而另一方面，技艺可于日后获得。 但我并不想夸大其辞。无论在过去还是在当今，中国在科学、技术和艺术革新方面都展示了巨大的创造力。而西方的创新突破则有被夸大的危险。如果仔细审视任何一项创新，其对以往成就的依赖则都显而易见（“站在巨人肩膀之上”的现象）。 然而，假定我这里所说的反差是成立的，而培养技艺与创造力两者都是值得追求的目标，那么重要的问题就在于：我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式，它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡？ 三单元SEAN: If that sort of thing happened only once in a while, it wouldn't be so bad. Overall, I wouldn't want to trade my dad for anyone else's. He loves us kids and Mom too. But I think that's sometimes the problem. He wants to do things for us, things he thinks are good. But he needs to give them more thought because: SEAN, HEIDI and DIANE: (In unison) Father knows better! DIANE: Can you imagine how humiliated I was? An honor student, class president. And Father was out asking people to have their sons call and ask me to the prom! But that's dear old dad. Actually, he is a dear. He just doesn't stop to think. And it's not just one of us who've felt the heavy hand of interference. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant dread knowing that at any time disaster can strike because:肖恩：这类事要是偶尔发生一两次，那倒也没什么。总的来说，我是不肯把自己老爸跟别人的老爸换的。他爱我们当子女的，也爱老妈。不过我想，有时问题就出在这儿。他一心想帮助我们，他自以为在为我们做好事呢。可他应该多想想才对，因为：
考研英语：怎样提高翻译能力？ 在英语翻译备考中，许多人总想一步登天，跨考教育英语教研室的孟老师在此着重强调，须知任何能力(包括英语翻译在内)的提升必定要经过反复练习的过程。当然，练习是有方法可循的，比如系统学习翻译的方法、原理、固定句式和译法、多学习比较优秀的译文等等。 要做好翻译其实并不是机械地在大量的词库句库中搜求配对，片面追求字面的精准，而是对信息的传达。这就要求译者不仅对源语言有准确的理解，并且对于目标语言也要有优秀的表达能力。很多时候你能明白一整段的意思，却觉得不能自如组织成书面汉语，是因为其实你的汉语表达能力也不够。 提高汉语表达能力，建议可以从经典作品的译本和各大电影字幕组的翻译作品中学习。前者的翻译作品比较严谨传神;后者则生动俏皮，富有时代气息。在学习这些资料时，并不是说某句英文只有资料里的一种翻译方法，以后碰到这句话就直接照搬照抄译文，资料只是辅助，要学习的是其中的思路和方法。 另外，不要太拘泥于所谓的翻译理论。语法和理论都是随着时代的更迭不断更新的，比如当下不断涌现出的各种新词汇，必须与时俱进。 翻译最重要的一点，就是对文章的理解，要彻底读懂文章想表达的思想，甚至尝试去体会原作者的想法，才能翻译出更贴切、更符合原文的译文。 所以，总结起来，你需要经历三个阶段： 首先，语法学好，能正确理解句子; 第二，接受系统的翻译训练，学会翻译方法; 第三，就在提高汉语能力形成地道的表达 你可以一边学习方法和原理、多加练习，一边做语言功底上的积累，才谓标本兼治的“有效”;至于“快速”，其实是你有多勤奋的问题——假设可以使你熟能生巧、从量变达到质变的那个量是一定的。 现在的你达到那个阶段了呢??? 综上就是小编给大家提供的高分技巧，技巧就是牢固的知识点和强悍的答题思路，预祝所有
U1 1.十年之前，南希做了许许多多美国人梦寐以求的事。 A decade ago,Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. 2.她辞去了经理职位，在邻近地区开了一家家用器材店商店。 She quit an executive position and set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. 3.像南希那样的人做出这种决定主要是出于改善生活质量的愿望。 People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of their desire to improve the quality of lives. 4.然而，经营小本生意绝非易事。 But,to run a small business is by on means an easy job. 5.在失去稳定的收入后，南希不得不削减日常开支。 Without her steady income,Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. 6.有时她甚至没有钱支付他所需要的种种保险的费用。 Sometimes she did not have the money to pay the premiums for various kinds of insurance she needed. 7.有一次她连电话费也付不起，只得想她的父母亲借钱。 Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money. 8.幸运的是，通过自己的努力，她已经度过了最困难的时期。 Fortunately,through her own hard work,she had now got through the most difficult time. 9.他决心继续追求她所向往的更加美好的生活。 She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life. U2 1.痛苦的奴隶生活坚定了亨森为自由而战的决心。 Henson's painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom. 2.他获得自由后不久就成了一个帮助逃跑奴隶的组织中的一员。 Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. 3.他几次偷偷地从加拿大回到美国帮助其他奴隶通过地下铁路获得自由。 He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. 4.有一次在逃跑时亨森和几个逃跑的奴隶被捕捉奴隶的人包围。 Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. 5.他将逃跑的奴隶乔装打扮一番，成功地躲避了追捕。 He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. 6.另外，他后来在加拿大的得累斯顿为逃跑的奴隶建造了一个居住小区，并建了教堂和学校，逃跑的奴隶们在这 里能够学到有用的谋生之道。 In addition,later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves,setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. 7.他坚信奴隶制将被废除，所有奴隶终将获得解放，种族歧视消失的那一天一定会到来。 He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished,all the slaves would be liberated,and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed. U3 1.在美国每隔15秒钟就有人举报一起入室行窃案。 A burglary is reported every 15 seconds in the United States. 2.统计数据显示去年窃贼光顾了两百多万户人家。 Statistics show burglars entered more than 2 million homes last year. 3.人们实际上几乎无法将蓄意行窃的盗贼拒之门外， Actually it is impossible to keep a determined burglar out. 4.所能做的只是设法阻拦他片刻，从而使其暴露在巡警或附近溜达的人们面前。 All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes,thus expose him to police patrols or those wandering around. 5.常识告诉我们光照是犯罪行为的障碍物。 Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. 6.家门口必须安装一盏灯，并在晚间开着。 A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. 7.不管你是否相信，有些人，尤其是最晚进家的孩子，晚上进屋后不把门锁上。 Believe it or not,some people,particularly children who happen to be the last to come in,leave their doors on the latch at night.