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动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义

动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义
动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义

动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义

1、look ,feel ,smell, sound, taste等系动词在句中做谓语

This coat feels very soft and smooth.

Her voice sounds very pleasant..

The dishes taste delicious.

2.有些动词做不及物动词,用来表示主语的内在品性或性质。

如:wash, clean, cook, iron, cut , sell, read, wear, feel , draw, write , sell 等

The book sells well.

This knife cuts easily.

My new pen writes well.

3.在need , require, want , worth (adj )后的动名词可以主动表被动

The door needs repairing.

This book is worth reading.

Her mother is ill .She needs looking after.

4.在疑问词what/which/whom+不定式结构中,主动表被动

I don’t know which to choose .

He asked me what to do .

5.在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。

1)have(give, show)sth. to do

在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较:

Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗?

(to do是由you发出的)

Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? (谁带不得而知)

再如:

Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。

He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。

There is much work to do.

Have you any questions to ask?

Would you like something to drink?

2)It(This, That)+be+a/an+adj. + n. +to do

在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。

例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。

question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。

再如:

It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。

difficult , hard 等形容词作表语时,其后做状语的不定式用主动形式表被动。 The problem is easy to work out.

The text is difficult to understand.

The man is hard to please.

3)There +be +n. +to do

在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。例如:

没有时间可以耽误。可译成:

There is no time to lose(to be lost). 用 to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost, 谁 lost time不明确。

但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同:

a. There is nothing to do now. (=We have nothing to do now. )现在没事干。

b. There is nothing to be done. (=We can do nothing now. )现在没办法了。

a. There is nothing to see. (nothing worth seeing)没有东西值得看。

b. There is nothing to be seen. (nothing there at all)看不见什么东西。

6.在某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型有:

1)n. +be+adj. +to do

The question was very difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。

The job is very easy to do. 这工作很容易做。

2)n. +be+too+adj. +to do

The thing is too small to see. 这东西太小看不见。

This book is too difficult to understand completely.

The tree is too tall to climb.

I was too excited to say a word. 我激动得连一句话也说不出。

3)n. +be +adj. +enough to do

The box is light enough to carry. 这盒子轻得可带走。

The book is cheap enough to buy. 这本书很便宜可以买。

但下列两句可用不定式的主动式, 也可用被动式:

This plant is fit to eat /to be eaten. 这种植物可以食用。

The cake is ready to eat /to be eaten. 这块饼可以吃了。

7.某些动词, 如to let, to blame (责备), to seek(寻找)用主动式表被动意义。The house is to let. 这房子要出租。

Who is to blame for it? 这得怪谁?

The reason is not far to seek. 这理由不难找到。

8. remain 表示“留待以后…”一般都用 sth. remain to be seen/done的结构

练习: 选择填空。

1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________.

a. sit

b. sit on

c. be sat

d. be sat on

2. I'm hungry. Get me something __________.

a. eat

b. to eat

c. to be eat

d. for eating

3. It is difficult for a foreigner __________ Chinese.

a. write

b. to write

c. to be written

d. written

4. I have no more letters __________, thank you.

a. to type

b. typing

c. to be typed

d. typed

5. The car is rather difficult __________.

a. to repair

b. to be repaired

c. repairing

d. being repaired

6. He was nowhere __________.

a. to see

b. to be seen

c. seeing

d. seen

7. She had no money __________ a birthday present for their children.

a. to buy

b. to be bought

c. bought

d. buying

8. We waited for the work __________.

a. done

b. being done

c. to do

d. to be done

答案:1—5 bbbca 6—8 bad

动名词主动表被动的三种类型

在某些特殊结构中,动名词可以用主动形式表示被动意义,这主要见于以下几种情况: 一、“需要”型 在need, want, require几个表示“需要”的动词后,英语习惯上用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如: He needs encouraging. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants cutting. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires mending. 前门需要修理。 从意义上看,以上三句的动名词均含有被动意味,但用的都是主动形式。不过,如果改用不定式,则要用被动式,如上面也可说成: He needs to be encouraged. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants to be cut. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires to be mended. 前门需要修理。 二、“值得”型 这类词比较典型的有三个,它们是(be) worth, deserve, merit——它们后面跟的动名词习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义,不能直接使用被动式。如: The film is worth seeing twice. 这个片子值得看两遍。 None of it is worth keeping. 这东西一点儿也不值得保存。 They merit praising. 他们值得表扬 说明:从搭配上看,be worth 和merit 后只能跟动名词,不能跟不定式;而deserve 后则通常是接不定式的。如: They deserved to be congratulated. 他们值得祝贺。 She deserved to win because she was the best. 她有资格获胜,因为她是最优秀的。 只有当它后面所接动词具有被动意义时才可用动名词,且要用主动形式表示被动意义;此时若改成不定式,则要用被动形式。如: 我认为他的文章不值一读。 I don’t think his article deserves reading. =I don’t think his article deserves to be read.

主动形式表被动意义

主动形式表被动意义 1. 1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演)等,例如: The door won't open. It can't move. 3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等,例如: The book sells well. These clothes wash well. 4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如: This material has worn thin. The dust has blownsintosthe house. 2. 1)动名词 be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如: These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 2) 作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,例如: He has a family to support. There is a lot of work to do. 当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如: There is so much work to do/to be done. 在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的),

主动形式表示被动意义的十二种情况

主动形式表示被动意义的十二种情况 英语的被动意义除了用及物动词的被动语态形式表示外,还可以用其他方法来表示,就像在汉语中并非一定要用“被”字来表示的被动意义一样。我们把这种用法称之为“主动表被动”,下面笔者就这种可以用主动形式表示被动意义的场合归纳如下。 1.用某些不及物动词表示被动意义,如:carry, cut, drive, iron, keep, lock, open, pick, read, shut, tear, wash, wear, write等等。这类动词既能作及物动词,也能做不及物动词。作不及物动词时,形式上虽为主动,却表示被动意义。例如:Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。 His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。 The car drove easily.这车很容易开。 Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。 2.某些表示感觉动词的动词可以用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。 That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。 These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。 3.有少数动词(bind, cook, do, owe, print)的进行时有时有被动意义。在这种用法中,句子的主语都一般是指物的。例如: The magazine is binding(printing).这本杂志正在装订(印刷)。 He paid all that was owing.欠的钱他都还了。 The meat is cooking.正在火敦肉。 4.动词get, come, go之后接过去分词,表示被动意义。get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言,更强调动作的结果而非动作本身,并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而come和go常接含否定意义的过去分词。例如: After working selflessly in here for several years, Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生在此地无私地干了好几年,终于得到提升。 They got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 由于节日交通阻塞,他们被耽误了。 The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了。 The woman's complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理睬。 5.在need(want, require, deserve, etc.)doing句型中,动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done),在意思上没有多大差别。例如: The garden needs watering(to be watered).花园需要浇水。 The problem requires studying(to be studied) with great care. 这个问题需要仔细研究。 These jobs want doing(to be done) at once. 这些工作需要马上就做。 6.在bear doing, stand doing, be worth doing结构中习惯上用动名词形式,而不用动词不定式。其中值得注意的是,在be worth doing句型中,只能用动名词的主动式,而在be worthy to be done中,才能用动词不定式的被动式,两者不可混淆。例如:

不定式主动表被动

首先,要先明确不定式被动式的意义:如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者,不定式需用被动语态 例:He dislikes to be praised in public. 他不喜欢当众被表扬。(“他”作为动作"praise"的承受者,故用不定式) 用主动表被动的情况: 1、句中存在名词或代词可以作为不定式的逻辑主语,构成逻辑上的主谓关系 例:Mr.Bird gave the dog a few bones to eat. 这里是dog eat bone,也就是说是狗作为不定式中“吃”这个动作的主语,所以,可以用主动表被动 如果不具有这种结构,则仍需要用被动 例:The news reporter raised a few questions to be answered. 记者提了几个问题有待回答。(这里问题是由别人回答,而句中未出现具体有谁回答,也就是“answer”这个动词没有出现具体主语,所以要用被动) 2、在“形容词+不定式”的结构中,如果不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,用主动表被动 例:The plane is dangerous to fly. 这架飞机开起来很危险 句中是“开” “飞机”,不定式中的动词"fly"与主语“plane”构成动词与宾语的关系 3、在there be结构中,用不定式主动表被动 例:There is always much housework to do in the house. 这里用to do而非to be done,一定要记住~ 4、在特定句子中要用主动表被动 例: 1)The house is to let. 这房子待出租。(用to let ,而非to be let) 2)He is not to blame. 他不该被责备

动词的主动形式表示被动之意(附练习及答案)

动词的主动形式表示被动之意 一、系动词无被动语态:以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有: ①be 动词 ②. 起来(7 个):look/seem/appear, feel(感觉,摸起来),sou nd, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. ③(逐渐)变得 /变成: become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. ④保持: keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 二、下列动词(词组)没有被动式: 1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take 2、不及物动词 sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear 等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。 Ol、An accident was happened yesterday. (x)昨天发生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday. O2、 The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。 O3、 The watch looks good. 这表看起来很好。 O4、 This book sells well. 这本书畅销。 O5、 The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 O6、 The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 O7、 The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。 08、The door won ' t close/sh这门关不上。 O9、 The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。

英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式

英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的对象,即是一种动宾关系时,不定式用被动形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的执行者,即是一种主动关系时,不定式用主动形式。 在某些情况下,不定式虽然与所说明的人或物是动宾关系,但仍用主动形式。这种不定式主动形式表示被动意义的情况主要有下列几种: 一、当不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系,又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,该不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: I have a meeting to attend. 我有个会议要参加。(to attend与I有主谓关系) Give him some books to read. 给他一些书看。(to read与him有主谓关系) 如果不属于上述情况,则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句: 1. Have you anything to do this afternoon? 你今天下午有事要做吗? 2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ? 你有什么东西要带到城里去吗? 句1中主语you与不定式to do存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,to do实际上指的是you的动作,所以用主动形式表示被动意义;而句2中主语you与不定式to take不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式所指的并非是you的动作,所以仍要用被动形式to be taken表示被动意义。 二、当不定式在"There be..."句型中用作定语修饰主语而表示被动意义时,一般情况下,既可以用主动形式,也可以用被动形式。在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。例如: There is no time to lost (to be lost). 时间紧迫,不能耽误了。 There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of). 还有好多事要处理。 但是应该注意以下两点: (1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语,那么用主动形式或被动形式则须视sb. 是其动作的发出者或承受者而定。例如: There are still many questions for us to discuss. 我们还有许多问题要讨论。

用主动形式表达被动意义

用主动形式表达被动意义 一、1、一类表示感觉、感官等的连系动词,要用主动形式表被动时,常见的动词有:feel,look,smell,sound,taste等。 The water feels cold. Sugar tastes sweet. Your idea proved to be wrong. He turned out (to be) a thief. His advice proved (to be) very helpful. 2.一类及物动词(sell, write, read, wash等)表示主语的特征或状态,而不是强调动作本身时,要用主动形式表达被动意义,后面常跟adv.修饰。 The material washes easily. The door won’t shut. The book sells very well. The pen writes smoothly. (Note:这类动词也可有被动语态,但此时强调动作的发出) The shirts were cheap and sold out fast. 二、特定动词,如need,require,want等(“需要”),如果物作主语,要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式作宾语。 Your composition needs rewriting.(=Your composition needs to be rewritten) The car wants repairing.(=The car wants to be repaired) 三、动词不定式结构。有些动词不定式结构在句中作定语时,往往用不定式的主动来表达被动含义。 There are a lot of problems to deal with. I have a lot of work to do. be to blame, be to let 等也用主动结构表示被动含义。 You are to blame. The house is to let. 四、形容词(词组) 有些adj如easy, difficult, hard, heavy, expensive等,它们后面接的不定式常用主动形式表达被动含义。 The physics problem is easy to work out.

动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义

动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义 1、look ,feel ,smell, sound, taste等系动词在句中做谓语 This coat feels very soft and smooth. Her voice sounds very pleasant.. The dishes taste delicious. 2.有些动词做不及物动词,用来表示主语的内在品性或性质。 如:wash, clean, cook, iron, cut , sell, read, wear, feel , draw, write , sell 等 The book sells well. This knife cuts easily. My new pen writes well. 3.在need , require, want , worth (adj )后的动名词可以主动表被动 The door needs repairing. This book is worth reading. Her mother is ill .She needs looking after. 4.在疑问词what/which/whom+不定式结构中,主动表被动 I don’t know which to choose . He asked me what to do . 5.在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1)have(give, show)sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? (to do是由you发出的) Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? (谁带不得而知) 再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。 He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。 There is much work to do. Have you any questions to ask? Would you like something to drink? 2)It(This, That)+be+a/an+adj. + n. +to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。 例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。

主动形式表示被动含义的用法归纳

主动形式表示被动含义的用法归纳 主动语态表示被动含义是学习语态的难点,也是高考考查的热点。现归纳如下: [考查热点1] 感官动词常用作系动词(如taste,feel,smell ,sound,look,smell等),常用主动形式表示被动含义。例如:How sweet the music sounds! The flowers smell sweet. That sounds very reasonable. [考查热点2] 某些动词如cut,drive,pay,write,read,sell,keep,prove,weigh,number,drink,wear,pay,wash,open,cost,lock,last等常用主动形式表被动含义,这时常和well,easily,perfectly,badly,slowly等方式副词连用,这种用法多用来说明主语的特征、性质或所处的状态等。例如: The pen writes quite smoothly. The book sells well. [考查热点3]在too…to结构中常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例如: It's too good a chance to miss. [考查热点4] 有些及物动词如cook,burn,print,prepare等有时会用进行时态表示被动含义。例如: The potatoes are cooking. The dictionary is printing. [考查热点5] 在“need/want/require+V-ing”及“bear/stand+V-ing”结构中用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,这时相当于不定式的被动式。例如: My car needs/wants/requires repairing.=My car needs/wants/requires to be repaired. [考查热点6]在There be句型中,something,anything,nothing等不定代词以及名词之后的不定式往往用主动形式表示被动含义。例如: There is nothing to do — I'm bored. There are six letters to write tonight. [考查热点7] be+to blame/to seek等结构具有的特点是作表语的不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系,因而用主动形式表被动含义。例如: A better way is to seek. Nobody is to blame for the accident. [考查热点8] 当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是及物动词的直接宾语,而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语时,可以用不定式的主动式代替不定式的被动式。例如:

主动形式表示被动意义的十二种情况

英语的被动意义除了用及物动词的被动语态形式表示外,还可以用其他方法来表示,就像在汉语中并非一定要用“被”字来表示的被动意义一样。我们把这种用法称之为“主动表被动”,下面笔者就这种可以用主动形式表示被动意义的场合归纳如下。 1.用某些不及物动词表示被动意义,如:carry, cut, drive, iron, keep, lock, open, pick, read, shut, tear, wash, wear, write等等。这类动词既能作及物动词,也能做不及物动词。作不及物动词时,形式上虽为主动,却表示被动意义。例如:Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。 His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。 The car drove easily.这车很容易开。 Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。 2.某些表示感觉动词的动词可以用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。 That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。 These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。 3.有少数动词(bind, cook, do, owe, print)的进行时有时有被动意义。在这种用法中,句子的主语都一般是指物的。例如: The magazine is binding(printing).这本杂志正在装订(印刷)。 He paid all that was owing.欠的钱他都还了。 The meat is cooking.正在火敦肉。 4.动词get, come, go之后接过去分词,表示被动意义。get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言,更强调动作的结果而非动作本身,并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而come和go常接含否定意义的过去分词。例如: After working selflessly in here for several years, Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生在此地无私地干了好几年,终于得到提升。 They got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 由于节日交通阻塞,他们被耽误了。 The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了。 The woman's complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理睬。 5.在need(want, require, deserve, etc.)doing句型中,动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done),在意思上没有多大差别。例如: The garden needs watering(to be watered).花园需要浇水。 The problem requires studying(to be studied) with great care. 这个问题需要仔细研究。 These jobs want doing(to be done) at once. 这些工作需要马上就做。 6.在bear doing, stand doing, be worth doing结构中习惯上用动名词形式,而不用动词不定式。其中值得注意的是,在be worth doing句型中,只能用动名词的主动式,而在be worthy to be done中,才能用动词不定式的被动式,两者不可混淆。例如: That won't bear thinking of.那是不堪想像的。 The little girl can't stand criticizing.小女孩经不起批评。

动词不定式主动表被动用法归纳

动词不定式有两种被动式, 即一般式和完成式, 例如do 的被动式有to be done, to have been done 。只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。一般说来, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时, 该不定式要用被动式。例如: He asked to be sent to work in that factory. 他要求派他去那个工厂工作。 These books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 这些书不许带出室外。 但在某些情况下, 不定式虽然表示被动意思, 用的 却是主动形式。常见的有下列几种情况: 一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1) have( give, show )sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do 与things 是动

宾关系, 与I 是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下 午你有事要做吗? ( to do 是由you 发出的) Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的xx 吗? (谁带不得而知)再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读 的材料。 He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给 你指出要走的正确的路。 2) It ( This, That )+be+a/an+adj. +n. + to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question 与to answer 为动宾关系。to answer 可 改

动词不定式主动表被动用法归纳

动词不定式主动表被动 用法归纳 Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】

动词不定式有两种被动式, 即一般式和完成式, 例如do的被动式有to be done, to have been done。只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。一般说来, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时, 该不定式要用被动式。例如: He asked to be sent to work in that factory. 他要求派他去那个工厂工作。 These books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 这些书不许带出室外。 但在某些情况下, 不定式虽然表示被动意思, 用的却是主动形式。常见的有下列几种情况: 一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。1)have(give, show)sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon 今天下午你有事要做吗?(to do是由you发出的) Have you anything to be taken to your parents 你有要带给你父母的东西吗(谁带不得而知)再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。

英语中主动形式表被动的用法

英语中主动形式表被动的用法 1.表示被动含义的主动动词 1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。 2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开,营业), close(关门), cut(切割), weigh(重), act(上演),例如: The door won't open. 这门打不开。 It can't move. 它不能动。 This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons. 3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构,常表示事物内部特有的属性。例如: The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。 These clothes wash well. 这些衣服很耐洗。 4) 用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词, 例如: This material has worn thin. 这料子已磨薄了。 The dust has blown into the house. 灰尘被风吹进了房子。 This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 5) 某些不及物动词,如happen, occur, cost以及短语,如come out(出版), come up (出现), come into being(产生)come to one’s mind(想起), turn out(证明是), come about(发生), break out(爆发), belong to(属于)等,本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。 The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you. 2.表示被动含义的主动结构 1)动名词 be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)deserve(应该)等后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如: These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。

关于主动形式表示被动意义

关于主动形式表示被动意义、动词形态不对应、动词的语态 1. 连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。如: The building looks very beautiful. 这座建筑看上去很美。 Your idea proved to be wrong. 你的想法证实是错的。 2. 当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 3. 有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如: Her coat caught on the nail. 她的大衣被钉子钩住了。 Her eyes filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了眼泪。 4. 不定式to blame, to let 用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动。如: Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢? The house is to let. 此屋出租。 5. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如: The book is difficult to understand. 这书很难懂。 The music isn’t pleasant to listen to. 这音乐不好听。 The picture is interesting to look at. 这幅画看起来挺有趣的。 注:这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式,但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。

用主动形式表示被动意义的词

用主动形式表示被动意义的词 1. 感官性动词 feel , look , smell , sound , taste 等无被动形式,要用主动形 式表示被动意义。如: Cotton feels soft. The flowers smell sweet. 2. 英语中有些不及物动词和词组,只有主动形式,常被视为主动形式表示被动含义。常见 有的: happen , take place ,break out, come about , come out等。如:1) What has happened over there ? 2)How did it come about ? 3. 有些表示静止状态的及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态,须用主动形式表示被动 意义。常见的有have , cost , lock , last , own , suit , hold , fit , join ,consist of , belong to , agree with 等。如:1) The book costs 150 yuan. 2) Does the key fit the lock ? 3)Your statement lacks detail. 4. 一些常见的动词如 cut , drive , drink , keep , number , open , pay , prove ,read , sell , wash , wear , weigh , write也常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:1)The matter will keep until morning. 2) The dictionary sells for 50 yuan. 3)The pen writes quite smoothly. 5. 动名词主动形式表示被动意义的情况: ( 1 ) worth 的主语通常是物,但其后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,不能接不定 式的被动式。如: The book is well worth reading. ( 2 )动词 need , require , want 作“需要”解时,其后跟非谓语动词作它的宾语时,必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动式。如: The window needs / requires / wants cleaning / to be cleaned.

主动结构表示被动意义

主动结构表示被动意义 主动结构表示被动意义是高中语法内容的重点和难点,也是高考的热点。英语中的被动语态是一种复杂的语言表达形式,它常常受到句意和谓语动词的制约,如“The material feels soft”不能写成“The material is felt soft”。现在谈谈主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况。 一、英语中,一般只有及物动词或不及物动词与介词、副词构成的短语才用在被动结构 中,不及物动词不能用于被动结构中。但某些不及物动词和短语动词的主动形式含有被动意义。 例如: When did the accident happen? 交通事故是什么时候发生的? When did the war break out? 战争是何时爆发的? Ice-cream always goes well in summer. 冰淇淋在夏天总是很好卖。 二、有些及物动词,如act, add, burn, close, compare, cook, cut, digest, draw, feel, keep, last, lock, open, pay, pull, read, sell, shut, smoke, spread, strike, teach, tear, wash, wear, write 等,在某些情况下用作不及物动词,其形式上是主动的,意义是被动的。例如:The shop opens from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. 这家商店从上午九点到下午十点营业。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很耐洗。 The clothes wear well. 这种衣服很耐穿。 The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。 三、一些表示状态特征的动词的主动形式表示被动意义,这种动词可分为如下几类。1.表示感官的动词:appear, look, seem, sound, smell, taste, feel等。例如: The music sounds beautiful. 音乐优美动听。 2.表示保持某种状态的动词:keep, remain, stand, sit, lie, last等。例如: The house has stood empty for months. 那房子空了几个月了。 3.表示变成某种状态的动词:become, get, turn等。例如: Don’t ge t your new trousers dirty. 不要把你的新裤子弄脏。 4.表示证明和结果状态的动词:prove, turn out等。例如: As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct. 随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。 5.表示适合状态的动词:fit, suit等。例如: The shoes don’t fit me. 这双鞋我穿不适合。 6.表示拥有状态的动词:belong to, have等。例如: This dictionary belongs to me. 这本词典是我的。 四、一些表示“开始、结束、移位、运转”意义的动词。如begin, start, end, stop, drive, ride, remove, run, change等的主动形式可以表示被动意义。例如: The meeting will begin at nine. 会议将在九点开始。The tap stopped up. 水龙头被塞住了。 五、有少数动词,如cook, do, owe, print等的主动结构也可以表示被动意义。例如:The fish is cooking. 在煮鱼。 This paper prints well. 这种剪纸印刷效果很好。 六、在意为“需要”的几个动词如need, require, want后,用动名词的主动形式表示被动 含义。例如: These babies require looking after carefully. 这些婴儿需要细心照料。 The plants want watering. 这些植物需要浇水。 注意:这些动词后面的动名词不能换成被动式,但可以换成不定式,其意思不变。例如:The car needs repairing. =The car needs to be repaired. 七、在“名(代)+be+形容词+to do”句型中,不定式与作主语的名词(代词)存在逻 辑上的动宾关系,所以该不定式必须用主动形式表示被动含义。例如: The question is very difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 He is easy to get along with. 他很好相处。 注意:在该结构中,不定式动词必须是及物动词,如果是不及物动词,需加上适当的介词。例如: The chair is comfortable to sit in. 这椅子坐起来很舒服。 八、在“主+谓+宾+to do”句型中,不定式作句子宾语的定语时,该不定式与句子宾语 也存在动宾关系,所以该不定式也必须用主动形式表示被动含义。例如: Today we have many exercises to do. 今天我们有许多作业要做。 In the past, they didn’t have enough food to eat. 过去,他们没有足够的食物吃。 注意:在该句型中,不定式动词也必须是及物动词,如果是不及物动词,也需加上适当的介词。例如:He had no house to live in.他没有房子住。 九、形容词后必须用动名词主动形式表示被动含义。例如: The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The problem is not worth discussing. 这个问题不值得讨论。 十、不定式to blame, to let, to seek的主动形式也表示被动含义。例如: He is to blame. 他应该受责备。 The house is to let. 房屋出租。 A better way is yet to seek. 还得找一种更好的办法。

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