unit 1 首段描写段核心名词
1）look，观察，看，注视
Let’s take a closer look at the picture above, a foreign girl wearing the traditional Chinese costume is vividly depicted in it.
让我们仔细观察以上这幅图片，它生动地刻画了一位身着传统中国服饰的外国女孩形象。This picture gives us a vivid description of … wearing….
Let’s take a closer look at the figures in the graph. China had enough fresh water in 2000. But, with the population increasing in big cities, the gap between demand and supply of fresh water has been widened.
让我们仔细观察图表中的数据，2000年中国拥有充足的淡水资源，但是随着城市人口的增加，淡水的供需缺口越来越大。
2）purpose n 目的，意图
Obviously, the purpose of this picture is to reveal a widespread phenomenon among us.
显而易见，本幅图片的目的在于揭示我们当中的一个普遍现象。
3）fact n事实
Apparently, the picture aims at revealing a fact that enhancing the cultural exchange is beneficial to both China and the whole world.
显而易见，这幅图旨在揭示一个事实，即，加强文化交流既有利于中国，也有利于整个世界。Evidently, the picture aims at revealing a fact that the popularity of the Internet has affected our life in a variety of aspects.
显而易见，该幅图旨在揭示一个事实——互联网的普及深刻地影响着我们生活的方方面面。4）phenomenon n 现象
This drawing reflects a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is quite common in China now.
这幅图片反映了一个当今中国非常普遍、而且值得我们大家深思的社会现象。
What is conveyed in the drawing is a common social phenomenon and worth discussing among the general public in terms of the guidance and education of the young people.
图中所传递的内容是一种非常普遍的社会现象，并且值得我们就对年轻人的引导和教育问题在公众中进行讨论。
Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence.
从表面上看，图中人物的表现似乎合情合理。但当我们仔细思考之后，我们会发现在现象背后其实透视了一个明显的趋势，即：年轻人普遍缺乏自信。
5) problem n 难题，问题。
As is apparently betrayed in the bar chart above, nowadays some university students suffer from psychological problems of various kinds.
如同上述柱状图所明确揭示的那样，目前大学生承受着各种各样的心理问题。
As is apparently revealed in the picture above, the global food shortage is one of the biggest problems that we are facing today, especially in the developing countries.
如同上图明确揭示的那样，全球粮食短缺是我们当今面临的最为严峻的问题之一，尤其是在发展中国家。
6）concern n. 关心，关注，
What is conveyed in the drawing is most thought-provoking and should arouse our social concern.
图中所传递的内容发人深省，并且应该引起社会的关注。
Unit 2 哲理评述型短文核心名词。
1）meaning n 意义，含义，意图
The implied meaning of the drawing can be interpreted in terms of responsibility and morality.
图表的含义可以从责任和道德这两个方面来进行解释和说明。
2) role n作用，角色
Self-confidence plays a vital role in our success.自信心对我们的成功起着重要的作用。
The cultural exchange plays a vital role in maintaining the peace of the world.文化交流在维护世界和平的进程中起着至关重要的作用。
In this constantly changing world, cooperation plays a vital role in our individual success.在这个不断变化的世界里，合作对我们每个人的成功来说至关重要。
3) importance n. 重要性
We should be fully aware of the importance of enhancing the cultural exchange.我们应该充分意识到加强文化交流的重要性。
We should attach great importance to the cultural exchange.我们应该高度重视文化交流。Much importance should be attached to the development of one’s personality.应该高度重视个人性格的发展。
As a matter of fact, self-confidence is of great importance to our individual growth.事实上，自信心对个体的成长很重要。
Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. It is of the utmost importance to human beings. Everybody not only needs love, but should give love.在人类所有美好的情感中，爱是最伟大的了。爱对我们每一个人都极其重要。我们不仅需要爱，也需要把爱奉献给他人。
4) success n成功，成就
Children should achieve success through their own efforts.孩子应该通过自身的努力来取得成功。
Everybody knows that diligence is the key to success. As a proverb says, “Diligence is the mother of success.” Diligence means working hard and persistently.众所周知，勤奋是成功的关键。正如一则谚语所说：“勤奋是成功之母”。勤奋意味着不懈地努力奋斗。
The great figures in the history always owe their successes to hard work.历史上许多伟大的人物总是把他们取得的成功归因于努力奋斗。
5) effort n. 努力，成就
Without constant efforts, no one can expect to succeed in doing anything great. Thomas Edison kept on working hard for a long time before he was able to invent the electric light. Madam Curie worked hard in the poor conditions for many years before she finally discovered radium.如果不付出努力，任何人都不可能成就伟业。托马斯.爱迪生通过长时间坚持不懈地努力才发明了灯泡。居里夫人在发现镭元素之前也一直在艰苦的条件下勤奋工作。
6) luck n.运气，好运，幸运
Some people may attribute success to good luck. But good luck favors only those who are always well prepared and diligent people who can make use of it.一些人也许会把成功归因于运气。但是，运气只眷顾那些时刻为之作好充分准备和懂得充分利用机会的勤奋的人。
7) accomplishment . n成就，完成，技艺
Idleness can only lead to poverty. If you do not devote yourself to your study and work, you can
hardly make a living, let alone make some great achievements.懒惰只能导致贫穷。如果你不能全身心投入学习和工作，你连吃饭的钱都不够，更不用说做出一番成就了。
8) attention n注意，关心，关注，注意力
As college students, we must be aware that the only way to success is hard work. We must concentrate our attention on our studies, and make full use of our precious time, in order to meet the fierce challenges in the future competitions. It is certain that our future success will only rest on our constant efforts. As a proverb says, “Only by working hard, can we reap a bumper harvest”.作为大学生，我们必须明白：努力是走向成功的唯一途径。因为，为了迎接未来竞争所带来的激烈挑战，我们必须要充分利用宝贵的时光，集中精力努力学习。确实，我们未来的成功要取决于我们不懈地努力。正如一则谚语所说：“只有努力才会获得大丰收”。
9) failure n失败
As is known to us all, failure is a very common thing in the life.众所周知，失败是人生中一件很平常的事。
10) attitude n态度，看法
Different people take different attitudes towards failure. Some give up in the face of failure while others persist in what they are doing in spite of failures. Those who are not afraid of failure and those who can learn from failure can finally achieve what they have expected. 不同的人对失败的态度是不一样的。有些人面对失败就会放弃，而有些人尽管失败却依然坚持。那些不惧怕失败的人和那些能从失败中获得教益的人最终一定能实现他们的愿望。
Let’s keep it in mind, “Attitude is everything”. Only in this way can we face the challenges ahead of us. 让我们永远牢记：“态度决定一切”。只有认识到了这一点，我们才能面对目前的挑战。
11) effect n作用，影响
The numerous examples have indicted that hardships will result in a positive effect on our personal development.无数的例子表明，艰辛对个人的成长是有好处的。
12) influence n影响
The behavior of the parents will have a tremendous influence on the growth of children.父母的行为举止会对孩子的成长产生巨大的影响。
13) benefit n益处，好处
We can derive a lot of benefits from the cultivation of self-confidence.我们可以从培养自信中得到很多好处。
The popularity of the Internet has brought us enormous benefits.互联网的普及给我们带来了许许多多的好处。
14) conclusion结束，结论
From what has been mentioned above, we may draw/reach/arrive at come to the conclusion that the mutual cooperation is vital to our success because it helps us perfect ourselves and achieve the win-win result.从以上提及的内容我们可以得出结论，相互合作对我们的成功至关重要，因为它帮助我们完善自我，获得双赢的结果。
15) doubt n疑问
There is no doubt that education is fundamental to the transformation of both society and individuals.毫无疑问，教育对于国家和个人的改变都是非常重要的。
No doubt, cooperation and competition are fundamental to the transformation of both society and individuals.毫无疑问，合作与竞争对于国家和个人的改变是至关重要的。
16) emphasis n强调，重点
In order to attain our goals, we should put great emphasis on the cultivation of the spirit of mutual cooperation and help.为了实现人生目标，我们应该高度重视培养相互合作与互助的精神。
The great emphasis should be put on the quality of education.必须高度重视教育质量。
17) consideration n考虑，需要考虑的事项
We need to take two factors into consideration if we want to achieve success. One is the opportunity and the other is confidence. 如果我们想取得成功，就必须要考虑两个方面的因素。其一是机遇，其二是自信。
18) case n 情形
Some students think that only those luckiest persons have opportunities. It is not necessarily the case, however.一些学生认为，只有那些幸运儿才有可能得到机会，但事实并非如此。
19) belief相信，信仰
There is a popular belief among people that opportunities only wait for those luckiest persons. However, it is not the case.人们普遍认为，机遇只等待那些幸运的人。但事实并非如此。20) opportunity n机会
In a word, only those who are always prepared and qualified can obtain opportunities and make use of them. So I believe the proverb, “Opportunities only wait for those prepared minds.”一句话，只有那些为机遇到来做好准备，并且具备合格条件的人才能得到机会，并且充分利用机会。所以我相信谚语所说：“机遇只等待那些有准备的人”。
21) run n趋向
Cultivating self-confidence, in the long run, will produce a profound influence on our growth.从长远来看，树立自信心会对我们的成长产生深刻的影响。
22) sense n意义
Cooperation and teamwork spirit will, in a sense, determine whether we can achieve success or not.在一定意义上讲，合作和团队精神将决定我们能否取得成功。
23) extent n程度
Persistence will, to some extent, determine whether you can achieve success or not.从某种程度上说，毅力将决定你是否能够取得成功。
24) hardship n困苦，艰难
Self-confidence is important to those who are faced with drawbacks and hardships. For them, confidence keeps their spirits up whenever they are in trouble.自信对那些面对挫折和艰辛的人来说是非常重要的。对他们而言，自信能够让他们在遇到任何困难的时候都斗志昂扬。
25) foundation n基础
Evidently, cooperation and the mutual help enable us to overcome the difficulties in the life, which will lay a solid foundation for our personal growth.显而易见，合作和相互帮助能够让我们克服生活中的种种困难，这将为我们每个人的成长奠定坚实的基础。
26) ambition n雄心壮志
What the successful persons have in common is their ambition to attain the goals and the spirit to depend on their own honesty and earnest efforts. In a word, setting a definite goal is vital to the success of a person.成功人士的共同之处在于：他们都有着要实现理想目标的雄心壮志，以及依靠诚实和努力奋斗的精神。简而言之，树立明确的奋斗目标对一个人的成功来说非常重要。
27) dream梦想
We should make constant efforts so as to turn our dreams into reality我们应该不懈努力来使我们的梦想变成现实。
28) lack n缺乏
Generally speaking, there are two main reasons for lack of self-confidence when we are faced with difficulties. First, we don’t have a correct estimate of ourselves. Second, we often overestimate our difficulties.总的来说，当我们面对困难时缺乏自信的原因主要有两个。首先，我们不能正确估计我们自己。其次，我们还常常高估我们所面临的困难。
29) weakness n 弱点，缺点
We should be able to understand our own weaknesses. Only in this way can we make greater progress in the future.我们应该知道自身的弱点和不足，只有这样我们才能在将来取得更大的进步。
30) skill技能，技巧
It is important for young people to acquire some basic skills through social practice.通过社会实践获取一些基本技能对于年轻人来说是非常重要的。
Both book knowledge and practical skills are equally important to our personal development.书本知识和实践技能对我们的个人成长是同等重要的。
31) mind n头脑
Let’s keep it in mind, “Practice makes perfect.”我们应该永远记住，“熟能生巧”。
32) choice n选择，抉择
Were it left to me to make a choice between the two, I would not hesitate for a moment to prefer the former.倘使让我在二者之间做一个选择的话，我会毫不犹豫地选择前者。
33) preparation n准备
As far as our young generation is concerned, we should make adequate preparation for the challenges and setbacks ahead of us.就我们年轻一代而言，我们应该为未来的种种挑战和挫折做好充分准备。
34) chance n可能性
Faced with frustrations and setbacks, those who have a dogged determination can stick to their cause to the end so that they stand a chance of success. On the contrary, those whose determination is often weakened by difficulties can end up nowhere.面对挫折和失败，那些下定决心的人就能坚持到底，所以成功的几率也就越大。相反，那些常常被困难吓倒的人往往一事无成。
35) habit n习惯，习性
We should develop a good habit of saving time. Do not leave what we should do today till tomorrow.我们应该养成节约的好习惯，不要把今天的任务拖到明天去做。
36) ability n能干，才干。
Part-time job provides the college students with more chances to bring their ability into full play.兼职工作为大学生们提供了更多地充分施展才能的机会。
37) difficulty n困难
We should give out our helping hands to those who are in difficulty.我们应该向那些处在困境中的人们伸出我们的援助之手。
Some young people have great difficulty in adapting themselves to the new environment.一些年轻人在适应新环境方面困难重重。
38) need n需要
To sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need.总而言之，我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。
The social experience is what we are badly in need of.社会经验是我们最需要的东西。
39) value n价值，重要性
Time is of great value to us.时光对我们非常重要。
All in all, happiness is of great value in our daily life. It makes our life meaningful and hopeful, and gives us confidence and strength.总而言之，幸福在生活中很重要。它不仅使我们的生活有意义和充满希望，也给我们带来自信和力量。
Friendship is of great value to us and we should value friendship more than anything else.友谊对我们非常重要。我们应该珍视友谊胜过珍视其他任何东西。
40) policy n 政策，品质
The foremost reasons for the great achievement revealed in the chart above can be analyzed as follows: to begin with, the opening policy has contributed to the growth of Chinese sports.图表中所显示的（我们所取得的）巨大成绩的主要原因可以从下面几点分析，首先开放政策促进了中国体育的发展。
The opening policy has resulted in a rapid economic development of China.开放的政策使得中国的经济快速发展。
Honesty is considered to be one of the best policies of a person.人们认为诚实是一个人身上最优秀的品质之一。
41) implementation n推行，执行
Due to the implementation of opening policy, China’s economy is developing rapidly these years, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of sports in China.由于开放政策的推行，中国经济这些年发展迅速，它为中国体育事业的发展奠定了坚实的基础。
42) result n.结果
As a result, we should attach great importance to the cultural exchange.因此，我们应该高度重视文化交流。
43) exaggeration n夸张，夸大之词
It is no exaggeration that our progress in sports is based on the rapid economic development.可以毫不夸张地说，我们在体育方面取得的进步是建立在经济迅速发展的基础之上的。
44) advance n前进，进步
The advance in science will greatly contribute to the development of society.科技进步将大大促进社会的发展。
45) example n例子
The numerous examples have indicated that persistence leads to success.无数的例子表明：坚持使人成功。
46) significance n意义，重要性
Nowadays, more and more people have become aware of the significance of work efficiency.如今，越来越多的人已经意识到了工作效率的重要性。
Unit 3 社会现象型短文核心名词
1) walk n行业
With the rapid development of IT industry, computer has been widely used in all walks of life, which makes it possible for us to have access to Internet.随着信息产业的发展，计算机已经在各行各业广为应用，它使我们接触互联网成为可能。
2) application n 应用，运用
As one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century, computers have a wide application in all aspects of our lives.作为20世纪最重要的发明之一，计算机在日常生活的方方面面都得到了广泛的应用。
3) arrival n 到来
With the arrival of the knowledge economy age, internet, as a new media, has come into our life. Nowadays, going on the line and using Internet have become popular in China, especially in some big cities. Why is Internet getting so popular in such a short time? The reasons for it, I think, are as follows:….随着知识经济时代的到来，互联网作为一个全新的媒介，已经步入我们的日常生活。如今，上网和使用网络在中国变得非常普遍，尤其是一些大城市里。为什么网络会在如此短的时间内迅速流行起来呢？我认为其原因主要有如下几个方面：……
4)part n.部分，角色
The Internet, as a product of modern technology, is playing an increasingly important part in our daily life.作为现代科技的一大产物，互联网在日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
With the rapid development of modern society, education is playing an increasingly important part in our life.随着现代社会的快速发展，教育的作用越来越重要了。
5) means n.手段，方法
Modern science and technology have brought us the most effective means of work and study. More materials are available and much information can be obtained instantly and immediately by means of the Internet and other hi-tech devices. The world is getting smaller and people are closer.现代科技带给我们最有效的工作和学习手段。我们可以通过互联网或者其他的高科技装置迅速获得更多的资料和信息。因此，世界变得越来越小，人们之间的距离变得越来越近了。
6) aspect n方面
The extensive use of the Internet is beneficial to our life in many aspects.网络的普遍应用对我们生活的许多方面都有好处。
7) popularity n普及，流行
With the growing popularity of Internet in our life, our working efficiency has been considerably improved.随着互联网在我们生活中的日益普及，我们的工作效率有了很大的提高。
8) impact n影响，效果
Undeniably, the extensive use of Internet has a great impact on our daily activities.不可否认，互联网的普遍应用对我们的日常活动产生了极大的影响。
9) interest n兴趣
Nowadays, many people show a great interest in chatting or exchanging their ideas on line.如今，许多人喜欢在网上聊天或者与他人交流思想。
10) access n.通路，路径
We can gain access to worldwide information sources through the Internet.我们可以通过互联网获得世界各地的信息。
Many people are interested in the Internet because they can communicate with other people directly and gain access to worldwide information sources.许多人之所以对互联网感兴趣，就是因为他们可以通过网络直接与他人沟通，同时还有机会获得世界各地的信息。
11) disadvantage n.不利条件，缺点，劣势
Obviously, the advantages of the Internet outweigh its disadvantages.不难看出，互联网的优点多于缺点。
12) phenomenon n.现象
Nowadays, idol worship has become a widespread phenomenon among young people.如今，崇拜偶像在年轻人当中已经成为一个普遍现象。
13) enthusiasm n.狂热，热心
The two photos show that people are enthusiastic about football stars such as the English football player Beckham. Some, like the young man in the photo, express their enthusiasm by writing his name on their faces, while others, like the one in the hair studio, spend as much as 300 yuan for a hair style modeling on that of Beckham.这两幅照片表明人们对像贝克汉姆这样的足球明星异常地崇拜。有一些人就像照片当中的年轻人那样，通过把贝克汉姆的名字写在自己的脸上来表达崇拜。而另外一些人则像图片中发廊里的那个小伙子，不惜花去多达300元的钱来模仿贝克汉姆的发型。
14) favor vt喜欢，支持，赞成
The famous football players won our favor and earned our respect by their hard work and excellent performance on the football fild.知名球星通过自己的努力以及在足球场上的出色成绩赢得了我们大家的热爱和尊敬。
15) spirit n 精神
What, then, deserves to be worshipped, their diligence and perseverance, or their hairstyle and ways of living? The answer seems self-evident: what we should learn is their spirit, not superficial styles of living.那么，我们究竟应该崇拜他们什么？是他们的勤奋和毅力？还是他们的发型和生活方式？答案显而易见：我们应该学习的是他们的精神，而不是表面的生活方式。
16) pursuit n追求
Confidence and courage are what inspire us in our pursuit for better life and brighter future.自信和勇气是真正激励我们追求美好生活和未来的动力。
17) change n.变化
The internet has brought about many changes in our life, including the way we communicate, the way we shop, even the way we love.互联网给我们的生活带来如此多的变化，包括我们彼此的交流方式、购物方式，甚至恋爱方式。
According to the above table, we can see that some changes have taken place in people’s diet since 1990.根据以上的图表，我们可以看出，自从1990年以来，人们的饮食结构发生了某些变化。
18) statistic n 统计数据
According to the statistics, we can clearly see that the number of people buying the lottery tickets is on the increase.根据统计数字，我们可以清楚地看到买彩票的人数呈上升趋势。
19) evidence n证据，根据
There is some evidence that the more emphasis has been put on the ability of the graduates rather than the certificates of various forms in the job markets.证据表明，就业市场更加重视毕业生的能力而非各种各样的证书。
20) increase n增加，增长
In the past two decades there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad.在过去的二十年间，出国留学的人数有了大幅的增加。
21) rise n上升，增加，上涨
The number of the private cars is on the rise in our country. Some people think that private cars should be encouraged while others argue that private cars should be strictly restricted.在我国，私家车的数量呈上升趋势。一些人认为应该鼓励私家车的发展。而另外一些人则坚持认为，应该对私家车数量进行严格的限制。
22) decrease n减少，减少之量
From the above reasons we can see why the numbe3r of bus and train passengers is on the decrease while the number of plan passengers and car owner is on the increase.从以上这些原因我们可以明白，为什么公共汽车和火车的乘客数量有了减少，而乘坐飞机的乘客和轿车所有者的数量有了增长。
23) pressure n压力
Nowadays, with the quickening pace of the modern life, young people are facing the fierce competition and suffering from great life pressure.如今，随着现代生活节奏的加快，年轻人面临着激烈的竞争，承受着巨大的生活压力。
24) must n必备条件
In order to be the winner of the competition in the job markets, a good command of foreign language has become a must for the graduates.为了在就业市场的竞争中成为赢家，学好外语已经成为毕业生们必备的一个条件。
25) standard n标准
As more and more graduates flood into today’s job market, many companies have heightened their standards. Such standards, in some cases, are not unreasonable but also discriminative. 随着越来越多的毕业生涌入就业市场，各用人单位纷纷提高用人“标准”。这些标准在很多情况下不仅是不合理的，也是带有歧视的。
26) question n 问题，疑问
Whether we should encourage students to do part-time job or not is a difficult question to answer.很难回答是否应该鼓励大学生从事兼职工作。
27) side n（事物的一个）方面
Just as every coin has two sides. The internet is no exception.任何事都有正反两面性，互联网也不例外。
There are two sides to every question.任何问题都有正反两面性。
28) demand n.需求（量），需要
The demand for the talented people is growing steadily this year.今年对人才的需求量正在稳步上升。
The graduates who can combine book knowledge with the social practice are in a great demand.社会迫切需要那些能够把书本知识和社会实践完美结合的人。
29) debate n争论，辩论
There is a general debate on whether we should encourage more college students to take up the
part-time job.人们对是否应该鼓励更多地大学生从事兼职工作这个话题普遍存有争议。30) argument n争论，论点
There are many arguments for and against the Internet.人们对互联网的看法褒贬不一。
31) discussion n.讨论
There is a heated discussion on whether we should encourage students to take part in the volunteers’ activity.人们在激励讨论我们是否应该鼓励更多的学生参加志愿者活动。
32) opinion n 意见，看法，主张
People’s opinions about the phenomenon reflected in the picture vary from person to person.人们对图片中的现象看法不一。
There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of opportunity. Some people suggest that opportunities are rare and only the luckiest persons can obtain them, while some other people argue that in a sense everyone has opportunities from time to time.对机遇的看法人们向来没有达成一致。一些人认为机遇罕见，而且只有那些最幸运的人才能得到机会；而另一些人认为，在一定意义上说，机遇对于我们每一个人来说时刻都存在。
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.就我而言，我在某种程度上赞成后一种看法。
33) favor n.赞成，喜爱
I am in favor of the idea that university campus should be open to the outside.我赞成大学校园对外开放的想法。
34) advantage n优点
Everything in the world has its own two sides. Without exception, advertisements have both advantages and disadvantages.任何事情都有正反两面性，广告也不例外，它既有优点，也有不足。
The needs of the society and individual interest are equally important to us. Only if the two aspects are connected can a man show his talent and ability to the best advantage.社会发展需要和个人的兴趣爱好对我们同等重要。一个人只有把二者很好结合在一起，才能充分施展自己的才华。
Unit 4 社会问题型短文核心名词
1) problem n.问题，难题
The global food shortage has become one of the biggest problems that we are facing today.全球粮食短缺已经成为我们当今面临的最为严峻的问题之一。
Nowadays, shortage of energy such as coal, petroleum and natural gases, has become a crucial problem in many countries.如今，煤、石油和天然气等能源短缺问题已经成为许多国家的紧要问题。
2) atmosphere n.大气，空气
With the rapid development of modern industry, the atmosphere around us has been seriously polluted.随着现代工业的发展，我们周围的大气被严重地污染了。
Both the wildlife and the plants cannot remain alive in the seriously polluted atmosphere.动植物在被严重污染了的环境里无法生存。
3) attention n注意，关心，关注
The problem of environmental pollution has drawn worldwide attention and concern of the people all over the world.环境污染问题已经引起了世界各国人们的普遍关注。
4) harm n. 伤害，损害
The serious air pollution has done severe harm to people’s health.空气污染对健康造成严重的危害。
5) damage n损害，毁坏
The deadly gases emitted by factories have done great damage to the natural environment.工厂排放出来的有毒气体对环境造成了巨大的破坏。
6) verge n边缘
Based on the graph given above, we can see that many species of animals are on the verge of extinction.基于以上所给的这幅图表，我们可以看出：许多野生动物物种正处在灭绝的边缘。
7) habitat n.（动植物的）生活环境，栖息地
The wildlife will cease to exist because they are deprived of the habitats.野生动物无家可归，因为它们的生存家园已经被人类剥夺了。
8) reason n原因
The chief reasons for this problem are as follows.导致这个问题的主要原因如下。
The major reasons for this problem can be listed as follows.导致这个社会问题的原因可以例举如下。
There are three possible reasons for this problem.导致这个问题的原因可能有三个。
There are two reasons leading to/contributing to this complicated problem.导致这一复杂问题社会的原因可能有两个。
9) survey n调查
According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to excessive smoking and drinking.根据最近的一项调查，每年有四百万人死于与过量吸烟和饮酒相关的疾病。
10) decline n.减少，下降
It is obvious that the rapid growth of the population contributed to the sharp decline of wildlife of the country.显而易见，人口的快速增长加剧了该国野生动物数量的急剧减少。
11) situation n.情形，境遇
Faced with such a situation, it is obvious that some effective measures must be taken.面对如此局面，显而易见我们必须要采取一些有效措施。
12) action n动作，行动
The governments at all levels must take action to solve this serious social problem as soon as possible.各级政府必须尽快采取行动来解决这一严重的社会问题。
13) solution n解决办法
The best solution to the problem is to take some effective and substantial measures.解决这一问题的最佳方法就是采取切实有效的措施。
The best solution to this problem is to establish the corresponding laws.解决这一问题的最佳办法是制定相关的法律。
14) measure n措施
Measures must be taken to prevent our earth from being polluted so seriously.必须采取措施阻止地球遭到严重的污染。
15) campaign n.（军）战役，(政治或商业性)活动，竞选活动
A worldwide campaign should be launched to eliminate the pirated products.我们应该在全球范围内发起一场打击盗版的战役。
16)awareness n意识
We should arouse/ enlighten people’s awareness of saving fresh water.我们应该唤起人们节约
淡水资源的意识。
17) law n法律
The laws related to the elimination of fake commodities must be enacted. Only in this way can we create a reliable market for consumers.我们必须制定有关打击假冒伪劣产品的法律。只有这样，我们才能给消费者创造一个可靠的市场。
18) regulation n规则，规章
The rules and regulations should be created so as to eliminate the pirated products.我们应该制定相应的规章制度来彻底消除各种盗版产品。
19) effort n努力，成就
Great efforts should been made by the government to help those children coming from the remote and rural areas to receive good education.政府已经在对帮助偏远地区和农村的孩子们接受教育方面下了很大的功夫。
We should take great efforts in fighting against the fake commodities.我们应该下大力气打击各种假冒伪劣产品。
20) urgency n紧急，迫切性，紧急的事
Everyone should be fully aware of the urgency of fighting against AIDS. 每个人都应该充分意识到抵御艾滋病的迫切性。
21) significance n意义，重要性
The environmental protection is of far-reaching significance to the survival of human beings.环境保护对人类的生存有着深远的意义。
22) benefit n利益，好处
We can gain a lot of benefits from protecting the environment.我们可以从保护环境中得到很多好处。
23) contribution n贡献
Young people should strive to make great contribution to the cause of environmental protection.年轻人应该竭力为环保事业做贡献。
24) burden n负担
Students who have part-time jobs can relieve, to some extent, the economic burdens of their parents.从事兼职工作的学生在某种程度可以缓解父母的财政压力。
25) morality n道德
But my opinion is that, in order to make our country strong, education alone is not sufficient. It should go side by side with morality.但是，我的看法是：要是我们的国家变得富强，单单注重教育还远远不够，它应该和道德建设同步发展。
26) responsibility n责任，职责
We should be fully aware of our responsibility to take good care of our aged parents.我们应该充分意识到照顾好年迈父母的责任。
27) tradition n传统
It had become a tradition in China to show respect for the senior citizens.中国，尊老已成为一个传统。
28) duty n义务，责任，职责
It is our duty to provide our aged parents with the happy remaining days. 给父母愉快幸福的晚年是我们的责任。
29) emergence n出现
The emergence of modern medicine has resulted in a rapid population growth these years.现代
医学的出现导致近些年人口快速增长。
30) shortage n不足，缺乏
The population explosion has resulted in a shortage of food supply.人口爆炸导致粮食供给短缺。
It is an obvious fact that overpopulation has created a shortage of food .显而易见，人口过剩导致了粮食短缺的问题。
31) control n控制
It is urgent to take some immediate action to bring the rapid population growth under control.采取措施控制人口的过快增长迫在眉睫。
32) rise n发生，出现
The rapid development of modern industry also gives rise to a series of serious problems such as air pollution and an acute shortage of natural resources.现代工业的快速发展引发了一系列问题，比如空气污染和自然资源的严重短缺。
33) accident n事故
The number of injuries and deaths resulting from the accidents has been increasing at an even faster rate. The number of injuries per month has increased by 375% and the number of deaths per month by over 600%.近年来，交通事故所造成的伤亡数量一直在快速增长。其中，伤者的人数每月增加375%，死亡人数每月增加600%以上。
34）rate n比率，速度
The crime rate in the city is several times higher than that in the countryside.城市的犯罪率是农村地区犯罪率的好几倍。
35) loss n损失
The statistics show that pirated products have resulted in a great economic loss of some famous brands.数据表明，盗版产品使某些知名品牌的产品蒙受巨大经济损失。
36) exception n例外
The problem of brain drain is very common in developing countries and China is of no exception.人才外流在广大发展中国家非常普通，中国也不例外。
37) trend n倾向，趋势
It is estimated that this trend will continue in the years to come.据估计，这种趋势将在未来几年里继续下去。
From my point of view, this trend is inevitable.依我看，这个趋势不可避免。
At the same time, the number of wildlife species that became extinct is experiencing a similar trend, rising to 70 in 1900.与此同时，灭绝的野生动物种类的数量也呈相同趋势，1900年增加到70种。
38) hope n希望
It is our hope that the problem of brain drain can be properly handled.我们希望人才外流问题
能够得到妥善解决。
39) possibility n可能性
There is little possibility that such problem can be solved during such a short period of time.在如此短的时间内无法解决这样的问题。
40) difference n差异，差别
There is no doubt that the support from the government will make a big difference on the solution of this problem.毫无疑问，政府的支持对于解决这个问题非常重要。
41) practice n做法，实践
All in all, such practice should be banned in the public places because it is harmful to people’s health.总而言之，此类做法在公共场所应该被禁止，因为它对人们的健康有害。
Since the adoption of a reform and opening policy, job hopping has become a common practice, especially among young people.改革开放以来，跳槽已经是司空见惯的事情了，尤其在年轻人当中。
42) virtue n德行，美德
Thrift is always considered as kind of virtue not only in China but also in the world.节俭不仅在中国，而且在世界各国都被看作是一种美德。
43) gap n隔阂
In order to narrow the generation gap, both groups should respect each other, listen to the words of each other and discuss their problems patiently.为了弥合代沟，双方都应该彼此互相尊重，相互倾听对方意见并且耐心地讨论遇到的问题。
With the population increasing in the coming decades, the gap between demand and supply of fresh water will be widened.随着未来几十年人口的增长，淡水供需的缺口将越来越大。
第二节核心动词
1）describe vt.描绘
As is vividly described in the picture, “Love is a lamp which is brighter in the darker places.” This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light. Even dim light can give them much hope for a better life and progress. And just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to step out their difficulties.正如图片所描绘的那样，“爱就像黑暗中的一盏明灯”。这一点千真万确。处在黑暗中的人们需要更多的光明和希望。即使极微弱的光线都会给他们带来追求美好生活和进步的希望，唤起他们走出困境的力量和勇气。
2) depict vt.描述
As is vividly depicted in the picture, a young runner, sweating all over, is dashing towards the finish line.正如图片中生动地描述的那样，一个浑身是汗的小伙子，正在奋力冲向终点。
As is vividly depicted in the photos above, Bechham, the handsome British football superstar, is enjoying a great popularity among the young.正如以上照片中生动描述的那样，英国英俊的著
名球星贝克汉姆在广大年轻人中颇受欢迎。
As is vividly depicted in the picture, a student was surrounded by a large pile of textbooks. The most striking feature that impresses me deeply is that nowadays the students are suffering from great pains caused by the pressure.正如以上图片中生动描述的那样，一个学生被成摞的教科书所包围。这幅图给我留下的最深刻的印象是：如今的学生饱受着压力所带来的种种痛苦。
3)portray vt描绘
As is portrayed in the chart above, the number of MA/MS candidates had been on the rise over the past years and amounted to 1.3milliion in 2005.如上图描绘的那样，在过去几年里考研的人数一直呈上升趋势，2005年已经达到130万人。
4) reflect v反映
This drawing reflects a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is quite common in China now.这幅图反映了一个在中国普遍存在的，但却发人深省的社会现象。
These two photos subtly reflect the social phenomenon of idol worship prevalent among the youth nowadays.这两幅照片反映了当今在年轻人当中盛行的偶像崇拜现象。
The phenomenon reflected in the picture above is not uncommon in the real life.图片中反映的现象在现实生活中很普遍。
5) mirror vt.反映
This picture mirrors a widespread phenomenon among youngsters.这幅图反映了年轻人当中的一个普遍现象。
6) convey vt传递
The picture seems to convey the meaning that great emphasis should be put on the cultivation of people’s morality.看上去图片为我们传递的含义是：应该倍加重视培养一个人的道德素养。The implied meaning which is conveyed in the bar chart can be briefly stated in the following two aspects.图中所传递的深层含义可以从以下两个方面进行分析。
7) reveal vt显示，揭示
As is revealed in the table above, Shenzhou Series Spaceflight Missions have been consecutively and successfully carried out over the period from 1999 to 2008.如图上所示，我们在1999年到2008年之间连续成功地完成了神州系列飞船太空飞行的各项使命。
The picture above reveals that the psychological problem among young people is becoming more serious than ever before.以上图片表明，年轻人的心理健康问题正在变得比以往更为严重。
Studies have revealed that a child will become more active when he is praised. He instinctively turns against a person who is continually criticizing him.研究表明，当孩子被赞扬的时候，他就会变得更加积极。相反，孩子会本能地抵触不停批评他的人。
8) deserve vt应受，值得
The problem revealed in this picture deserves our wide concern.图片中所揭示的问题值得引起我们大家的普遍关注。
The old people deserve more care and support from their children and their rights should be guaranteed by law. 老年人应当获得孩子的关心和帮助，他们的权利也应该得到法律的保障。
9) indicate vt显示，预示
This phenomenon clearly indicates the improvement of people’s living standard.这igao这一现象清楚地表明了人民生活水平的提高和改善。
10) imply n暗示，意味
This picutre implies that self-confidence is what really counts to us.这幅图片的含义是自信心对我们很重要。
This picuture implies that we should not give up halfway.这幅图片告诉我们不应该中途放弃我们的追求。
11) convince vt.使确信，使信服
The statistics given abouve convinces us a fact that the number of young people committing crimes is on the rise.以上这些统计数据使我们认识到这样一个事实，即：犯罪的青少年人数正在上升。
12) remind vt提醒，使想起
The picture above reminds us of an obvious fact that we should learn how to cooperate with others if we want to turn our dreams into reality.以上这幅图片提示我们大家一个显而易见的事实，即：如果我们想实现梦想就应该学会和他人合作。
13) aim旨在
Obviously, this picture aims at revealing a widespread phenomenon among us.显而易见，这幅图旨在揭示我们当中的一个普遍现象。
The quality-oriented education aims at imporving the student s’ ability to apply what they have learned from textbooks to the practice.素质教育旨在提高学生将书本知识用于实践的能力。
14) intend vt.想要，打算，意指
The picture intends to inform us of a fact that cooperation plays a decisive role in this rapidly changing world.本幅图片意在告诉我们一个事实：合作在这个飞速变化的社会里起着决定性的作用。
Unit2
1) accept vt接受，认为
It is widely accepted that higher education is vital to the further development of the people.人们普遍认为，高等教育对人们未来的发展非常重要。
2) catch vt赶上
We should lay great emphasis on higher education. Only in this way can we catch up with those developed countries in terms of science and technology.我们应该重视高等教育。只有这样我们才能在科技方面赶上发达国家。
3) count v.有价值
It goes without saying that self-confidence is what really counts to our success.毫无疑问，自信心对我们的成功很重要。
4) determine vt决定
Self-confidence will determine whether you can attain goals or not.自信心将决定你是否能够实现理想和目标。
We are determined to take steps to make improvements in our education quality.我们决心采取步骤来改进教育质量。
5) enable vt.使……能够
Self-confidence enables us to overcome whatever difficulites we come across in the real life.自信心能够让我们大家克服生活中遇到的种种困难。
Travelling enables us to broaden the horizon and enrich our life.旅游能够开阔我们的视野，丰富我们的生活。
The digital age enables us to greatly improve our working efficiency.数字化时代能够大大提高我们的工作效率。
6) adapt vt.使适应
The social practice will help college students adapt themselves to the new surrondings.社会实践将帮助大学生适应新的环境。
As far as the young generation is concerned, we must learn as much as possible so as to adapt ourselves to the development of society.就年轻一代而言，我们必须通过尽可能多的学习知识来使自己适应社会的发展。
7) achieve vt.完成，达到
We should learn to cooperate with each other to achieve our common goal, which is vital to our success in the future.我们应该学会彼此合作来达到我们共同的目标，这一点对我们未来的成功至关重要。
To conclude, most of the great figures in this history achieved success through diligence, just as the famous English saying goes, “No pains, no gains.”总而言之，历史上大多数的伟人都是通过勤奋而获得成功的。正如一则谚语所说：“不劳不获”。
8) attach vt使依附
More and more parents begin to attach great importance to the cultivation of children’s ability to live independently.越来越多的家长开始重视培养孩子独立生活的能力了。
9) consider vt.认为，把……看作
We consider it badly necessary for young people to participate in the social practice.我们认为参加社会实践对年轻人非常必要。
Just as we can see from the pictures above4, the man on the left consider himself as a person weak in strength while the one on the right thinks that the difficulty is too great to overcome.正如我们从以上图片中所看到的，左边的这个人把自己看成是一个身单力薄的人，而右边的那个人则认为他面对的困难太大了，难以克服。
We consider it important to learn how to cooperate with others.我们认为学会如何与人合作是重要的。
10) provide vt.提供
The social practice provides us with a good chance to know more about this real world, which, in the long run, is beneficial to us.社会实践为我们提供了一个更好地了解现实生活的机会，这一点从长远来看对我们是有益的。
11) offer vt.提供，给
The cultural exchange offers us a good chance to know more about the western countries.文化交流使我们更好地了解了西方国家。
Not only do we need love, but also we should offer love to those who are in difficulty.我们不仅需要爱，而且我们还要把爱心奉献给那些处在困境当中的人们。
12) acquire vt.获得，学到
Knowledge will determine whether we can have successful career in the future. So we should make good use of time and acquire knowledge from both teachers and books as much as possible.知识将决定我们将来是否能够取得事业的成功。所以，我们要充分利用时间，尽可能多地从老师和书本上学到知识。
13) accumulate vt.积累
We can learn and accumulate knowledge through outside reading.我们可以通过课外阅读来学习和积累知识。
14) apply vt应用
What’s important is to apply what we have learned from the books to the social practice.重要的是要把我们从书本上学到的东西应用到时间当中去。
15) depend vi取决于，依赖于
One’s success will largely depend on his or her attitude towards life.一个人的成功在很大程度上取决于他/她的人生态度。
16) accomplish vt. 完成，实现
A task, no matter how difficult it is, can be accomplished provided that you make up your mind to do it.不管事情有多难，只要我们下定决心，我们就一定能够成功。
17) keep vt保持，维持
It is perseverance that keeps us doing something valuable and admiralbe in spite of difficulties and discouragement.正是毅力使我们在困难重重的情况下依然能够坚持不懈地去做那些有价值、受人敬仰的事情。
18) attribute vt.归结于
Many people attribute their success to diligence.许多人把他们的成功归因于勤奋。
19) replace vt.取代，代替
In my opinion, the opportunity will never replace the hardwork that you did. That is why some people say the hard work is what really counts to our success.我认为，机遇永远无法代替你付出的艰辛。因此有人说，艰苦的努力对我们的成功最重要。
20) concentrate vt.集中
As far as our young people are concentrated, we should concentrate on our academic study instead of killing time always.就年轻人来说，我们应该集中精力于学业，而不是总在消磨时光。
21) attain vt.达到，获得
We can surely attain our goals provided that we have a strong will.只要我们拥有坚强的意志，那么我们就一定能够实现我们的目标。
22) lie vt.位于，在于
The difference between a person who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunites. The successful person always makes much preparation to meet opportunites as they arrive. The less successful person, on the other hand, works little and just waits to see them pass by.成功人士和不成功人士的区别在于他们对待机遇的方式。成功的人总是在机遇到来之时做好准备。而不成功的人往往不愿奋斗，结果看着机会从身边走过。
23) overestimate vt.过高估计
In the real life, some people always overestimate the difficulties that they come across.在现实生活中，一些人总是过高估计他们所遇到的种种困难。
24) underestimate vt.低估，看轻
We should never underestimate our own abilities but should believe in the proverb: “Where there is a will, there is a way.”我们永远不能低估自己的能力。相反，我们应该相信“有志者事竟成”的谚语。
25) confront vt.使面临
In this constantly changing world, we are confronted with chanllenges at any time.在这个瞬息万变的世界里，我们时刻都面临挑战。
26) overcome vt.战胜，克服
With confidence and courage, we are able to overcome the difficulties on the road to success.如果有了自信心和勇气，我们就能克服成功的道路上的种种困难。
27) ensure vt确保
Many exmaples reveal that persistence will ensure your success.许多例子揭示了：坚持会确保成功。
28) bear vt记住
Le t’s besar it in mind, “Rome was not built in a day!”让我们记住“罗马不是一日建成的”。29) accelerate vt.加速，促进
The advance in science will undoubtedly accelerate the development of society.毫无疑问，科技进步将大大加速国家经济的发展。
30) carry vt推行
The opening policy has been successfully carried out in China these yeas, which makes it possible to greatly improve the living standard of the Chinese people. 这些年中国成功地推行了改革开放政策，它使得中国人民的生活水平有了很大的提高。
31) adopt vt. 采用
The government should adopt the flexible economic policy in order to attract more foreign capital.政府应该采取灵活的经济政策来吸引更多的投资。
The newly adopted student-centered teaching method will result in a positive effect on the development of the student s’ intelligence.新采用的“以学生为中心”的教学方法将会对孩子的智力发展产生积极的影响。
32) attract vt.吸引
The government should adopt flexible policy so as to attract more foreign capital. Only in this way, can we improve the construction of the infrastructure.政府应该推行灵活的政策来吸引更多的投资。只有这样我们才能改善基础设施建设。
33) communicate vt沟通
Modern technology has a great influence on our daily life. People now communicate over long distances by means of telephone, radio, television and satellite.现代科技深刻地影响着我们的生活。如今，人们可以通过电话、广播，电视盒卫星等手段实现交流。
We need to learn how to communicate with others efficiently if we want to obtain more support from others.如果我们想从别人那里获得更多的帮助，我们就需要学会如何与他人进行有效沟通。
34) inform v (~ of/about)通知，告诉，获悉，告知
As is often pointed out, television keeps us better informed about the current events throughout the world, allows us to follow the latest developments in the fields of science and technology, and offers us endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating to us.正如人们常常指出的那样，电视让我们了解了全世界的时政要闻；使我们能够跟上科技领域的最新发展；同时，电视也给我们提供许多既有教育意义又能激励人的节目。
35) exert vt施加
An increasing number of experts believe that family environment will exert great influence on the development of children’s intelligence.越来越多的专家相信，家庭环境对孩子的智力发育会产生巨大的影响。
36) arrive vi到达
From the above discussion/ analysis, we can draw /arrive at/come to a conclusion that one’s personal growth is closely associated with the development of society.从以上的讨论（分析），我们可以得出结论：个人的成长和社会的发展息息相关。
37) admit vt承认
We have to admit that the digital age affects our life directly or indirectly.我们必须承认，数字化时代直接或间接地影响着我们的生活。
38) deny vt否认
We can’t deny the fact that the regular physical exercises can be beneficial to our health.我们不能否认经常参加体育锻炼有益于健康的事实。
39) ignore vt不理睬，忽视
We cannot ignore the fact there are many people who are still living in poverty.我们不能忽视这一事实，即：许许多多人依然生活在贫困之中。
40) hesitate vt犹豫，踌躇，不愿
So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don’t hesitate to give the helping hands to him.所以当你看到处在困境当中的人或是情绪低落的人，抑或是需要帮助的人的时候，一定要向他们伸出援助之手。
41) endeavor vi 尽力，努力
We should endeavor to create an even better tomorrow for those who are living in poverty.我们应该竭尽全力为生活在贫困当中的人们创造一个更加美好的明天。
42) broaden vt放宽，扩大，加宽
Television broadens one’s vision.看电视可以开阔视野。
43) remove vt移动，消除
The frequent communication can remove prejudice and hostility.频繁的交流可以消除偏见和敌意。
Unit 3
1) become vi成为，变得
The job hopping has become a widespread phenomenon among young people.跳槽已经成为年轻人当中的一个普遍现象了。
2) allow vt使……
People take different attitude towards job-hopping. It is reasonable, I think, to replace one’s present job with a better one, which may allow you to fully display his potential ability.人们对跳槽的态度因人而异。我认为，用一份更合适的工作替代当前正在做的工作是合乎情理的，因为它能充分发挥你的潜力。
3) vary vi不同
People’s opinions about this phenomenon vary from person to person.人们对待这一现象的看法因人而异。
4) voice vt表达
People may voice their different opinions about the phenomenon reflected in this picture.人们或许会对图片中反映的这一现象表达不同的见解和主张。
5) think vt认为
Some people think that it is a good practice while some others hold different opinion about it.一些人认为这是一个很好的做法，而另一些人则持不同的看法。
6) object vt反对
Many people object to the idea that students should be encouraged to take up part-time job.许多人强烈反对鼓励大学生从事兼职工作的想法。
7) advocate vt提倡，倡导
大学英语作文开头结尾万能句型 英语写作有其特定的套路， 句式句型就是其中之一。 以下是小编带来的资料， 希望对你有帮助。 开头万能公式 1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言
有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”，很 好办：编! 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所 以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已 记住的名言) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自 编名言) 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试 的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以 不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的， 其实都是编造出来的， 下面随便几个题目我们都 可以这样编造： Honesty： 根据最近的一项统计调查显示， 大学生向老师请假的理由当中 78% 都是假的。
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1. 成功的四个步骤Four Steps to a Successful Four Steps to a Successful The first time in life? Then grasp your chance with your perfect performance o n the dating night, by learning the following principle in heart. Dress properly. While everyone wants to give an impressive debut on the first date, you should avoid wearing something too bizarre to be accepted. If you are st ill in school, a sportswear can fulfill your purpose. For businessman or grownups, c asual clothes are recommended. Never put up your working uniforms,no matter ho w well you like that Armani suit. It is no work. A few accessories such as a pair o f sunglasses or silver loops on the wrist can add up to the romance sphere. Take a bath before dating. And if you like, spray a little perfume, but unless y ou＇re sure that he or she likes the smell,don＇t use ones that are too strong. Watch your manner. You＇re no prince of the Scotland nor Cinderella in the le gend. Proper manners will ensure a lasting relationship while bad ones scare away your sweetheart. And do make sure you do not boast about your fortune, for, not everyone are green addicts. And your way of smiling, or your greatestoath, should neither be "coy" nor "by St. Loy!" after the nun in Chaucer. Be a little sensitive than merely innocent. Do make sure you do not intrude hi s or her privacy on the first date. For there maybe something deeply concealed wit hin the inner core of every heart, of which the owner doesn＇t share often with an yone but his intimacy. Finally, wish you good luck. May you get your hearts combined and start a ne w journey in the miracle of life and love. Stay tuned till a borderline is reached, an d keep on through out the whole way. 简评看来第一次约会真是令人兴奋并紧张期待的。为第一次约会所提出的建议也是仁者见仁、智者见智。王永同学用词简单、结构精炼，读起来节奏快，例如：“Dress Properly．．．．I f you are still in school，a sportswear can fulfill your purpose．For businessman Or growmups，casual clothes are recommended．”这样的文章结构像是在提醒我们时不我待，要抓住机会，抓紧时间。 2. 我的宿舍生活My Dormitory Life My Dormitory Life Compared with the forty year old shabby dormitory I am living in now, the one I lived in for three years in high school was heaven: three students shared o ne brand new suite with air conditioners and a bathroom. In three years time we changed it thoroughly:the color of the floor turned from bright pink into muddy gray, and the closet a hive of insects proliferating among p
达法,而且能够广泛增加有关商务活动的知识,从而提高他们运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2．本门课是专业教学计划中的普通教育必修课，与先前英语基础课的关系是其后续的专业英语课。 3．本课程的教学目的：旨在使学生掌握各类英语书信的语言特点及篇章结构；了解便条及卡片、社交信函、求职、求学申请信的起草方法和各类信件的写作方法；熟悉各类涉外证件、商务信函、对外经济贸易中的技术交流合同、保险、外贸业务相关的各类电传以及广告、产品使用说明及产品维护等信函的写作技巧等。 本课程的教学任务是：在教学过程中，培养学生的实际交际、应用和解决问题能力并适当加入案例学习和贸易操作指南及练习，让学生在一个仿真模拟实践中了解和掌握一些涉外活动的基本程序和主要操作技能。 本课程的教学要求：通过对本课程的学习，要求学生将涉外业务知识与英语写作相结合，在已具备的英语读写能力基础上，重点掌握外贸信函、外贸电传的写作技巧。经过严格训练后，应
能独立、熟练和准确地起草以上各类信函，在今后的工作岗位上能熟练处理各种涉外业务。采用课堂教学和自主学习相结合的方式，充分运用先进的多媒体网络等现代化教育技术手段，引入计算机多媒体教学和网络教学平台，采用全方位、立体化、个性化的多媒体教学手段，提高教学效率和教学质量。 三、课程内容、学时分配及教学基本要求 Chapter 1 Basic Requirements for Writing （共2学时） （一）教学内容： 第一节词及句子 知识要点：词的选择与句子的表达 第二节段落及篇章 知识要点：段落及篇章的写作 教学重点：词汇的正确应用及句子的贴切表达 教学难点：如何组织段落及篇章结构 （二）教学基本要求： 1．了解英语词汇、句子的类型，理解其构成方式，懂得词汇及句子在写作中常见的错误，
段首句 1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合 仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。 更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.T o them,_____. 7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
作文范文之大学英语作文及翻译
大学英语作文及翻译 【篇一：大学生活_英语作文】 我的大学生活英语作文 the bright and dark sides of my university life every coin has two sides. on the one hand, i am quite satisfied with my university life. on the other hand, life in my university is not as satisfactory as what we had expected. here is the bright side of my university life: firstly, equipment of my university is advanced and teacher team is powerful. there is an advanced library that owns all kinds of books. so we can acquire a lot of knowledge from my university. secondly, all sorts of lectures are given on campus. we can learn much knowledge that is interesting. thirdly, my campus activities are rich and colorful. such as sports meets, speech contests, different social gatherings and dancing par ties provide opportunities to make friends. what’s more, my dormitory life is very harmonious. dormitory life is an important part of my university life. on the one hand, we can have a good rest and put our heart into study. on the other hand, we will have a good mood and enjoy being together. this is the dark side of my university life: firstly, there is only one dining room in my university. so we often need to wait in a long line, which waste much time. everyday is always fixed cuisine types, which make our appetites depressed. secondly, self-study room is not enough. now we will soon take final exam. so it is difficult to find a self-study room. what’s more, network of my university is very unstable. it is difficult to search
大学英语写作句型 大学英语写作句型 比较句型 1.Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages. 2.TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB. 3.AmaybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagestha t… 4.Itisreasonabletomaintainthatbutitwouldbefoolishtoclaim that… 5.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages. 6.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults. 7.AandBhasseveralpointsincommon. 8.AbearssomeresemblancestoB. 9.However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB. 10.AandBdifferinseveralways. 11.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects. 12.Peopleusedtothink …,butthingsaredifferentnow. 13.ThesameistrueofB. 14.WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks. 15.ItistruethatA…,butthechieffaults(obviousdefects)are …
表示说明的常用句型 1.Aswecanseefromthechart/graph/table/diagram… 2.Thechart/graph/table/diagramshows/displaysthat… 3.As/Canbeshowin/Accordingtothechart/graph/table/diagram … 4.Thefigures/statisticsinthechartreflect/show/reveal(tha t)… 5.Thechart/graph/tabl e/diagramillustrates/describes… 6.Itisclear/apparent/fromthechart/graph/table/diagram… 表示数据的常用句型 1.…hadthelargestpercentage/proportionof… 2.…account(s)for/take(s)up10%… https://www.doczj.com/doc/3711516009.html,paredwithA,Bhasahigherpercentage. 4.Onthetopofthe listof…,whichaccountsfor60%. 5.Atthebottomis…,whichtakesup20%. 6.AissecondtoB. 7.Aisranked/ratedfirst,followedbyBat30%andCat25%.
中国海洋大学本科生课程大纲 一、课程介绍 1.课程描述： 实用英语写作是非英语专业的公共基础课，属于大学英语拓展课程的语言技能类课程。本课程的开设旨在对非英语专业学生进行基本英语写作技能的培养和训练，课程的任务是使学生掌握英语写作方面的基本知识，掌握英语句子、段落及篇章写作方面的基本技巧，学生通过运用所学知识及有关资料，写作说明文、议论文以及应用文等各类体裁的文章。 实用英语写作作为一种国际商贸活动和国际事务交往过程中必不可少的交际工具，对贸易的缔结和双边关系的保持起着举足轻重的作用。随着全球经济一体化的迅速发展，国际商务交往日益频繁，为了增强学生在国际商务活动中的交际能力，培养复合型人才，本课程向学生提供了一个选材广泛和能体现各种情景的范文资料库，帮助学生了解英语中最常见的和最常用的各种文体的用途,使学生在学习各种文体的同时，不仅能够熟悉相关的英文表达法，而且能够广泛增加有关跨文化交际的知识，从而从整体上提高运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2.设计思路： 本课程依据教育部颁发的《大学英语课程教学要求》进行课程设置，属于大学英 - 8 -
语的拓展课程系列。学生顺序修读完大学英语基础阶段的课程后，在听力理解、口语表达和阅读理解等方面已经达到一般要求的英语能力，并能够在认知的基础上学会熟练运用英语，然后可根据自身情况选修本课程。 本课程拟系统全面地讲述了英语写作方面的基本知识和基本技巧。文稿格式部分简介文稿的安排、移行；字母的大写；标点的基本用法。措辞部分讨论词的类型：正式、非正式、俚语、地方语、口语、术语；词的本义和引申义；一般和特殊、抽象和具体的词汇；习语；英语中主要的修辞手法。句子部分包括完整句和不完整句；句子的类型；句子的统一、连贯、简洁、直接、强调、多样化；句式变换。完整作文部分包括：写作步骤；组织结构；文章体裁。 3. 课程与其他课程的关系： 实用英语写作为大学英语拓展课程系列的语言技能课程。学生顺序修读完大学英语基础阶段的课程后方可进行本课程的学习。 二、课程目标 1.知识目标 学习本课程后，学生能够掌握英语句群、段落及篇章写作的基本技巧，能够通过运用所学知识及有关资料，写作说明文、议论文和应用文等各类体裁的英语文章。 2.能力目标 学习本课程后，学生能够掌握汉英两种语言写作篇章的特点；能够针对不同话题的写作任务写出说明文和议论文等各类体裁的文章；能够梳理出自己在英文写作过程中的难点，并找出相应的提高对策；在写作中体现出跨文化交际能力。 3.素质目标 通过本课程的学习，学生能够深化对英汉两种语言的认知，养成良好的英文写作习惯；提高语言运用能力、跨文化交际能力、查阅文献资料的能力；深化作为语言工 - 8 -
英语作文万能句子：大学英语作文万能句子精选 1.开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语(论坛)名言?”，很好办：编! 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文 章也是，所以即使编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 经典句型： aproberb says,“you are only young once.”(适用于已记住的名言) it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(适用于自编名言) 更多经典句型：as everyone knows, no one can deny that… 2.开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，不过在考试的时 候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所 以不妨试用下面的句型： according to arecent survey,about78.9 the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个 题目我们都能够这样编造： honesty
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选 的交通工具是自行车。 youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 five-day workweek better than six-daywork? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： arecent statistics shows that… 1.结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇 大论，到最后终于冒出个"总来说之"之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就能够拿高分了!比如下面的例子： Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难"显而见之"，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
十句作文范文背诵 原因篇 作文要求考生对某社会现象或社会问题进行解释。 Sample 1: Why College Students Take a Part-Time Job 1.最近几年越来越多的大学生加入打工的队伍 2. 为什么大学生要打工 3. 大学生打工 的意义 (1) According to a recent survey, about 25 percent of Chinese college students now hold a part-time or temporary job, compared with nearly none 10 years ago, and this figure increases to 72 percent during summer vacation. (2) College students are seen waiting on tables, clerking in stores, advertising in streets, teaching in families and doing whatever work they can find. (3) Why do they want odd jobs – jobs usually requiring little skill and knowledge? (4) The primary reason, I think, is money. (5) Feeling the pressure of soaring inflation as books, movies and bus fares have all gone up in price, there is scarcely a young boy or girl who does not want to earn a little money to help cover the increasingly higher college costs, and at best save enough to go travelling or buy things they have long desired. (6) In this way they hope to be economically independent and avoid the indignity of having to ask for money again and again. (7) Besides they want to gain some experience in the ways of society. (8) Students growing up from nursery school to college only know about books and have trouble dealing with realities. (9) Working on a part-time basis can provide them with a rare opportunity to know the outside world and prepare them for a future career. (10) The significance for college students of doing a part-time job means more than money and experience: It will broaden their outlook and exert a profound influence on their personality and life. 理由篇 叙述理由和分析原因是属于同一类型的英语议论文。所不同的是后者是解释某一社会现象或社会问题，而前者则解释写作者——我，为什么要干某事或不干某事。 Sample 1: The Most Unforgettable Person I Ever Knew 1. 我生活中最难以忘怀的人是…… 2. 为什么他（或她）一直在我心中 3. 结论 (1) In my life I have met many people who are really worth recalling. (2) But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever knew is my Chinese language teacher. (3) What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities. (4) First of all, I was attracted by his lively wit. (5) I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs. (6) Second, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer – an awakening of a passion for learning. (7) He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of Chinese and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deeper in this field. (8) Finally, I was deeply impressed by the respect he showed for us. (9) As he treated us like friends rather than students, we all liked to visit his home for social activities as well as for academic advice.
大学英语作文常用句型有哪些 在我们平时的写作过程中，我们经常会执笔忘字、如鲠在喉，这时如果先前有特意摘录背诵一些常用句型，就可以下笔流畅。这就是我们今天要讨论的大学作文中的常用句型。 这些常用句型，熟记后，基本都可以在写作文的时候运用上。也不用绞尽脑汁去想如何表达自己的意思了。 1.While many people attach great importance to this issue, no real effective actions have been taken to solve it. Therefore, we should do our utmost in doing something to solve it. 尽管很多人非常重视这个问题，然而一直以来并没有采取真正有效的解决措施，因此，我们应该尽最大努力来解决这一问题。 2.After a good many years of efforts to/ enthusiasm for..., people begin to... 经过许多年的努力/热衷于多年之后，人们开始
例句：After a good many years of enthusiasm for fighting in the city, people begin to try to live a comfortable life in the country. 热衷于在城市拼搏多年之后，人们开始想在小城镇过上舒适的生活。 3.Recently, the problem of...has aroused peoples concern. 最近，问题已引起人们的关注。 例句：Recently, the problem of abandoning animals has aroused peoples concern. 最近，遗弃动物这个问题已引起人们的关注。 4.As far as I am concerned, the advantages of...is more than disadvantages. 我认为利大于弊。 例句：As far as I am concerned, the advantages of establishing library in town is more than disadvantages.
研究生课程教学大纲 课程名称：高级实用英语写作 一、课程编码：240002 课内学时： 48 学分： 2 二、适用学科专业：全校各类博士专业（非英语类） 三、先修课程：大学英语 四、教学目标 通过本课程的学习，使学生掌握英文写作的用词、句子结构及段落、篇章的特点；掌握英文书面语言的表达方式；能较熟练地进行记叙文、说明文、描写文、议论文以及摘要、读书报告的写作，提升实用性语篇及学术性语篇的组织模式及特征运用能力。 五、教学方式 采用过程教学法，教学重点放在学生写作过程和写作能力上，充分培养学生的思维能力。强调在学生写作过程中帮助他们发现、分析和解决问题。教师通过多样化的教学活动，侧重在语篇水平上指导写作，包括构思、写提纲、写初稿和修改等各个写作环节。教师的指导贯穿于整个写作过程直至最后成文。主要教学活动包括课堂讲授和学生分组讨论、写作练习、同伴互评与教师评阅反馈相结合。 六、主要内容及学时分配 本课程重点是以学术话题为基础，突出段落和整篇文章的写作实践。共分为六个单元，每个单元包含四部分：预习、阅读、句子写作和段落写作或文章写作。考虑到学生语言学习的互动需要，精心设计了相应的话题讨论和写作练习，使学生能够有更多的机会积极地参与到教学实践之中。为配合写作话题，选择了一定数量的阅读文章作为写作实践的输入。这些原版文章具有很强的趣味性和可读性，是学生进行写作实践的最好参照模仿坐标。 1.Introduction 3 学时 2. Writing paragraphs 6 学时 3. Writing Essays (Narration) 7 学时 4. Writing Essays (Process) 7 学时 5.Writing Essays (Cause or Effect) 7 学时 6. Writing Essays (Opinion) 7 学时 7. Writing Essays (Compare/Contrast) 7 学时 8.Writing Summary and Book Report 4 学时 七、考核与成绩评定 成绩以百分制衡量。 成绩评定依据：平时作文成绩占20%, 出勤及课堂表现占20%，期末笔试成绩占60%。 八、参考书及学生必读参考资料 （美）Nancy Herzfeld-Pipkin．Writing for Academic Success[M]．THOMSON中国人民大学出版社2007年3月第一版. 九、大纲撰写人：邹岩
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in the 21st century(生活在21世纪的优缺点) Living in the 21st century offers certain advantages,such as a higher standard of living, but it also has some disadvantages, such as a polluted environment. To begin with, most people now have more money for less hard work. They earn higher salaries than before and enjoy better social security, such as social welfare for laid-off workers and disability insurance. Secondly, because of the advance in medical technology which leads to better medical care and treatment, people’s life expectancy is longer. Moreover, most people now can afford to buy foods of high nutrition and enjoy their leisure time. Thirdly, modern conveniences such as radio, TV, internet, various vehicles and labour-saving machines in the home, all greatly facilitate human communication, transportation and housework as well. Nevertheless, living in the 21st century also has its disadvantages. The most serious one is the increasingly polluted environment; air is filled with smog and water is contaminated by iehemicals from factories.Another main disadvantage is the personalization of human relattonships which mostly result from people’s ever-increasing contact with machines and numbers. Still one more disadvantage
大学中常用英语写作句型 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____。 2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在很多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______.It’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today。 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了很多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______。 4. 现在，……很普遍，很多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。 Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______。 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面， 也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages。 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们 看来，……
VII. 实用英语写作 一、课程基本情况 1．学分： 1 学时：16 （理论学时：16 实验学时：0 ）2．课程类别：限选课 3．适用专业：非英语专业本科 4．适用对象：非英语专业本科三年级学生（第五学期） 5．先修课程：大学英语 6．教材与参考书目： 教材：教师讲义 参考书：《新世纪实用英语写作》，张玉娟，陈春田，外语教学与研究出版社，2003 《英语应用文写作大全》，《英语应用文写作大全》编写组，社会科学出文献出 版社 《英语应用文写作》，杨晓钰，重庆大学出版社 《英语写作系列-英汉应用文手册》，傅似逸，北京大学出版社 《英语常用应用文写作》，韩铁椿、陈汉华，上海财经大学出版社 《实用英语写作教程》，李予军编著，国防工业出版社，2008年 《研究生英语写译教程》，杨若东、袁锡兴，中国人民大学出版社，2004 《英语论文写作》，石坚、帅培天，四川人民出版社，2005 《高级英语写作教程》，马红军、毛卓亮，中国对外翻译出版公司，2006 二、课程介绍 1．实用英语写作作为一种国际商贸动作和国际事务交往过程中必不可少的交际工具, 对贸易的缔结和双边关系的保持起着举足轻重的作用。随着全球经济一体化的迅速发展,国际商务交往日益频繁，为了增强学生在国际商务活动中的交际能力,培养复合型人才,本课程向学生提供了一个选材广泛和能体现各种商务情景的优秀范文资料库,帮助学生了解涉外英语中最常见的和最常用的各种信函的用途,使学生在学习各种信函的同时,不仅能够熟悉各种信函的英文表达法,而且能够广泛增加有关商务活动的知识,从而提高他们运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2．本门课是专业教学计划中的普通教育必修课，与先前英语基础课的关系是其后续的专业英语课。 3．本课程的教学目的：旨在使学生掌握各类英语书信的语言特点及篇章结构；了解便条及卡片、社交信函、求职、求学申请信的起草方法和各类信件的写作方法；熟悉各类涉外证件、商务信函、对外经济贸易中的技术交流合同、保险、外贸业务相关的各类电传以及广告、产品使用说明及产品维护等信函的写作技巧等。
词语是语言的内容，句型是言语的框架。如果只有词语，而没有组织词语的句型，语言就难有深度，难成逻辑。所以熟记一些在文章的不同位置和用于表达不同逻辑的常用句型是英语初、中级学习者必须完成的一项任务。因此在本章中特别编辑了一些在英语写作中常用的句型，供大家在学习和实践中参考使用。 常用于引言段的句型 1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now. 3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe…. 5. My argument for this view goes as follows. 6. Along with the development o f…, more and more…. 7. There is a long-running debate as to whether…. 8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…. 9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter. 10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides. 常用于正文段的句型 一、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法 1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B. 2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect. 3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B i n…. 5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…. 6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…. 7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…. 8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B…. 9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different. 10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B…. 11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B…. 二、演绎法常用的句型 1．There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones. 2．There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones. 3．Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective. 4．Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. 5．The reasons are as follows. 三、因果推理法常用句型 1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this,